Showing 93 items
matching duke and duchess of york
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Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document - Invitation, Invitation to Reception for Duke and Duchess of York, 1/04/1927
... Invitation to Reception for Duke and Duchess of York... and Lady to a reception in honour of Duke and Duchess of York 28... and Duchess of York 28 April 1927 at Exhibition Building. Invitation ...Invitation from Government of Victoria to H.T. Bishop and Lady to a reception in honour of Duke and Duchess of York 28 April 1927 at Exhibition Building.bishop, herbert thomas -
St Kilda Historical Society
Ephemera - Invitation, Visit of Their Royal Highnesses the Duke & Duchess of York, 1927
... Visit of Their Royal Highnesses the Duke & Duchess of York...Duke and Duchess of York... and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Elizabeth the Queen... for this purpose were the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI ...Invitation from the Commonwealth Government to ceremonies connected with the opening of Parliament House in Canberra on 9 May 1927. Visiting Australia for this purpose were the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Elizabeth the Queen Mother).Card, folded in half, printed in blue and gold. Affixed inside is a reproduction of a landscape painting Canberra 1927 by Harold B Herbert (1892-1945).The invitation was issued to 'W Nicoll Esq'royal visits, duke and duchess of york, opening of parliament house canberra -
St Kilda Historical Society
Photograph, St Kilda Landing 1927, Duke and Duchess of York, c. 1927
... St Kilda Landing 1927, Duke and Duchess of York... 1927, Duke and Duchess of York Photograph ...View looking down on Ladies and Men's Baths, beach front and Pierrot land. A newspaper clipping stuck on the back:Duke of York's Wide Popularity. Marriage of Romance. Australian Visit Memories. The article contains mainly biographical information. Photograph of Duke and Duchessblack and white photographPhotograph mounted on cardboard -
City of Ballarat Libraries
Photograph - Card Box Photographs, Visit of HRH Duke & Duchess of York, Ballarat 1927
... Visit of HRH Duke & Duchess of York, Ballarat 1927...HRH Duchess of York... Duke of York HRH Duchess of York Visit of HRH Duke & Duchess ...Public reception by Mayor outside the Town Hall.royalty, ballarat town hall, persons, building, costume, hrh duke of york, hrh duchess of york -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Port Melbourne Strong Post in St Kilda Road, waiting for the arrival of Duke and Duchess of York, 21 Apr 1927
... the arrival of Duke and Duchess of York....Duchess of York...Duchess of York...In 1927 the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI... of Duke and Duchess of York - 21 April, 1927. A oval photo... & Duchess of York, April 21st 1927" below the image on the mount.... the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen ...In 1927 the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth) visited Australia. The Port Melbourne Council established a Strong Post in St Kilda Road to welcome the royal couple. Standing third and fourth from left Mrs CRICHTON, holding an Australian flag, and Cr J P CRICHTON. The tall man in centre of photograph looking at the camera is S S ANDERSON, Town Clerk. Second from right is Cr William HOWE, Mayor. This is the final version of the proof also held in the PMHPS collection (293.01) where the oval inset of the royal couple has been swapped from the right hand upper corner in the proof to the upper left corner in final version.Sepia photograph with a brown wooden mount of a Port Melbourne Council group in St Kilda Road awaiting the arrival of Duke and Duchess of York - 21 April, 1927. A oval photo of the royal couple is inset in the top left corner. "Port Melbourne Strong Post St. Kilda Rd. - Arrival of Duke & Duchess of York, April 21st 1927" below the image on the mount.local government - city of port melbourne, duke of york, duchess of york, william howe, sydney sims anderson, royal visits and occasions, mayors, town clerks, james peter crichton, elizabeth branton crichton nee portbury -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Black and White - illuminated W1 421 - visit of Duke and Duchess of York - 1927, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB)
... Duchess of York - 1927..." tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria... of Duke and Duchess of York - 1927... for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria April 21 ...Photograph of Melbourne W1 421 decorated as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria April 21 to May 12, 1927 and the opening of Canberra on May 9, 1927, taken at Preston Workshops.Yields information about W1 421 decorated as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria April 21 to May 12, 1927 by the MMTBPhotograph - Black and White - illuminated W1 421 - visit of Duke and Duchess of York - 1927tramways, trams, illuminated trams, decorated trams, royal visit, duke of york, preston workshops, w1 class, tram 421 -
Numurkah & District Historical Society
Commemorative ServingTray (Willow)
... Duchess of York, visit to Melbourne...Souvenir tray, 1927, Duke and Duchess of York from Betty...Steel Tray with faded pictures of the Duke & Duchess... high-country Souvenir tray, 1927, Duke and Duchess of York from ...Souvenir tray, 1927, Duke and Duchess of York from Betty Bennett's family (Betty Moore). Both Betty and Don Moore were taken to see the parade along St Kilda Road, at age 7 years. Don was hoisted onto his father's shoulders and all he could see were flags waving. They travelled down High St by cable car. Don also rode on the last cable car to Northcote when he was in the services (WW2)Steel Tray with faded pictures of the Duke & Duchess of York and Princess Elizabeth & Princess MargaretWillow Productionmoore family, commemorativ tray, royal family, duke and duchess of york, visit to melbourne -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Photograph - Melbourne W1 421 decorated for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), 1927
... Duchess of York... and Duchess of York to Victoria April 21 to May 12, 1927... as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York... as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York ...Photograph and associated infomation of Melbourne W1 421decorated as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria April 21 to May 12, 1927 and the opening of Canberra on May 9, 1927, taken at Preston Workshops. Associated Digital images: .2 - extract from the 1926-27 MMTB Annual Report. .3 - image from the David Featherstone collection of the tram being fitted out at Preston Workshops .4 - image of the tram at night, from the Annual Report. Note Tasmania is missing from the map on the side of the tram. Yields information about the decoration of a Melbourne tram for a Royal visit in 1927 Black and White photograph of Melbourne W1 421decorated as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York 1927illuminated trams, decorated trams, royal visit, duke of york, preston workshops, w1 class, mmtb, tram 421 -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Award, Education Department (Victoria), Children's Display of Physical Education, Melbourne Cricket Ground, 1927
... by the Duke and Duchess of York. Such displays by school children were... and Duchess of York, Melbourne Cricket Ground, 26th April 1927... of, and in the presence of Their Royal HighnessesThe Duke and Duchess of York ...1927 was the year of a royal visit too Australia by the Duke and Duchess of York. Such displays by school children were typical during royal visits. Bowen Heward wa sa pupil of Kew Primary School.Certificate - Children's Display of Physical Education in honour of, and in the presence of Their Royal HighnessesThe Duke and Duchess of York, Melbourne Cricket Ground, 26th April 1927. Awarded to Bowen Heward, Kew School No.1075. Signed by Frank Tate, Director of Education. royal visit (1927), kew primary school, bowen heward -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Duke and Duchess of York outside Port Melbourne Town Hall, 11 May 1927
... Duke and Duchess of York outside Port Melbourne Town Hall...The Duke and Duchess of York (future King George VI...Photo of Duke and Duchess of York in open car at a civic... and Duchess of York (future King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, later ...The Duke and Duchess of York (future King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, later Queen Mother) visited Australia in April/May 1927 for the official opening of Parliament House in Canberra. Before leaving Australia they passed through South Melbourne and Port Melbourne on 11 May 1927 stopping for brief civic receptions outside both town halls. The royal couple stood in their open car during both receptions. This photograph shows the royal couple standing in the car with Port Melbourne citizens and dignitaries in front of the town hall. The tall man to the left of the chauffeur is Syd ANDERSON, Town Clerk, Cr William HOWE, Mayor is to the right of the chauffeur with presumably Mrs HOWE next to him. Mrs HOWE presented the Duchess with a bouquet of flowers tied with white ribbons inscribed "Bon Voyage" saying the flowers were a "token of love and loyalty of the citizens of Port Melbourne".Photo of Duke and Duchess of York in open car at a civic reception outside Port Melbourne Town Hall - 11 May 1927. royal visits and occasions, social activities - celebrations, william howe, sydney sims anderson, mrs w howe -
Clunes Museum
Photograph
... duke and duchess of cornwall & york...THE DUKE & DUCHESS OF CORNWALL & YORK - LATER TO BECOME... TO BALLARAT OF THE DUKE & DUCHESS OF CORNWALL & YORK. .2 - .6 COPIES... & DUCHESS OF CORNWALL & YORK - LATER TO BECOME KING GEORGE & QUEEN ...THE DUKE & DUCHESS OF CORNWALL & YORK - LATER TO BECOME KING GEORGE & QUEEN MARY - DURING THEIR VISIT TO AUSTRALIA IN 1901 FOR THE OPENING OF PARLIAMENT AT FEDERATION. THIS PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN OUTSIDE THE BALLARAR EAST TOWN HALL DURING THE GRAND TOUR..1 FRAMED BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPH OF THE VISIT TO BALLARAT OF THE DUKE & DUCHESS OF CORNWALL & YORK. .2 - .6 COPIES OF PHOTOGRAPH, VARYING SIZES. ONE LAMINATEDlocal history, photographs, duke and duchess of cornwall & york, federation, 1901 -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Medals, Opening of First Australian Parliament 1901, 1901
... and Duchess of Cornwall and York. ... on the top. Obverse: Images of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall... & Duchess of Cornwall and York Melbourne, May 1901 Aust... in Australia was opened by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York ...These medals were issued to commemorate the opening of the first Parliament in Australia in Melbourne in May 1901. The Federation of the Australian States and Territories took place in January 1901. The Federal Parliament met in Melbourne until Canberra was established and a new Parliament House was opened in 1927. The fist Parliament in Australia was opened by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York. These medals have no known local provenance and are retained for display purposes..1 This is a shield-shaped metal medal with a crown on the top. Obverse: Images of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York and printing. Reverse: Images of Queen Victoria and Edward V11 and printing. .2 as above Opening of the First Federal Parliament T.R.H The Duke & Duchess of Cornwall and York Melbourne, May 1901 Aust. Commonwealth Est. 1 Jan. 1901 First Parliament opened May 1901 63rd of Victoria R.I. 1st of Edward V11 W.A. Tas. N.S.W. Vic. S.A. Qld. -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
China, The Federation Parliament HRH Duke of York, 1920s
... was accompanied by Elizabeth, the Duchess of York. The Duke of York later... with black ornamentation and the portraits of the Duke and Duchess..., the Duchess of York. The Duke of York later became King George VI ...This cup and saucer set was issued as a souvenir of the opening of the Federal Parliament in Canberra in 1927. The building was opened by Prince Albert, the Duke of York who was accompanied by Elizabeth, the Duchess of York. The Duke of York later became King George VI of England. The colonies in Australia became Federated States in 1901 and from that date to 1927 the Australian Federal Parliament sat in Melbourne. When Canberra became the capital of Australia a Parliament House building was erected at a cost of £600,000 but it is now known as Old Parliament House as the present Parliament House was opened in 1988. This cup and saucer set is of interest as a memento of an important event in Australia’s history – the creation of a capital city and the opening of the first Federal Parliament House. It will be useful for display. This is a white china cup and saucer set. Both the cup and saucer have two gold bands around the rims and are decorated with black ornamentation and the portraits of the Duke and Duchess of York contained within gold oval patterns. There is also black lettering on both objects. The name of the maker is printed on the bottoms of both objects. On both objects: ‘The Federal Parliament opened by H.R.H. The Duke of York at Canberra 1927’ ‘Foley China E.B. & Co. Made in England’ opening of federal parliament 1927, history of warrnambool -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Royal visit, arrival of Duke and Duchess of York on HMS Renown, Arthur MacDonald, 27 Apr 1927
... Royal visit, arrival of Duke and Duchess of York on HMS...Nine photos of arrival of Duke and Duchess of York on HMS... and Duchess of York on HMS Renown in 1927 Photograph Royal visit ...Nine photos of arrival of Duke and Duchess of York on HMS Renown in 1927All photos marked on back with time, date etc.royal visits and occasions, piers and wharves - station pier, ps weeroona, ss rosny, hms renown, hmas sydney, ps hygeia -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Proof - Port Melbourne Strong Post in St Kilda Road, waiting for the arrival of Duke and Duchess of York, The Sears Studio, 21 Apr 1927
... , waiting for the arrival of Duke and Duchess of York....Duchess of York...Duchess of York...In 1927 the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI... of Duke and Duchess of York - 21 April, 1927. A oval photo... the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen ...In 1927 the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth) visited Australia. The Port Melbourne Council established a Strong Post in St Kilda Road to welcome the royal couple. Standing third and fourth from left Mrs CRICHTON, holding an Australian flag, and Cr J P CRICHTON. The tall man in centre of photograph looking at the camera is S S ANDERSON, Town Clerk. Second from right is Cr William HOWE, Mayor. This is a proof version of the final photo also held in the PMHPS collection (293.02) where the oval inset of the royal couple has been swapped from the right hand upper corner in the proof to the upper left corner in final version. Note that the price for copies of the photo is inscribed on the mount. 5/- for this (the large size) and 2/6 for a smaller size.Sepia proof photograph in a cardboard mount of Port Melbourne Council Group in St Kilda Road awaiting the arrival of Duke and Duchess of York - 21 April, 1927. A oval photo of the royal couple is inset (pasted) in the top right corner."This size 5/- each, smaller size 2/6 each" in pencil on the top left corner of the mount. "PROOF" stamped on the right edge of the mount.local government - city of port melbourne, duke of york, duchess of york, william howe, sydney sims anderson, royal visits and occasions, mayors, town clerks, james peter crichton, elizabeth branton crichton nee portbury -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPH OF T.R.H. THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK
... OF YORK...black and white PHOTOGRAPH OF T.R.H. The Duke and Duchess... and Duchess of York / Photo Central News. Photograph BLACK AND WHITE ...black and white PHOTOGRAPH OF T.R.H. The Duke and Duchess of York / Photo Central News.photograph, person -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - Photo postcard, C 1923
... Duke & Duchess of York.... The Duke & Duchess of York) British stamp... & Duchess of York Various Photo postcard featuring image ...Postcard depicting the Royal Wedding - circa 1923.Photo postcard featuring image of the Royal Wedding (T.R.H. The Duke & Duchess of York) British stampVariouspostcard, photo postcard, english postcard, stamp, duke & duchess of york -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - Address presented by the Duke and Duchess of York at Federal Government House, 23 Apr 1927
... Address presented by the Duke and Duchess of York at...Copy of address presented to T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess... Address presented by the Duke and Duchess of York at Federal ...Copy of address presented to T.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of York at Federal Government House April 23rd 1927.local government - city of port melbourne, royal visits and occasions, william howe, edward william cremer, herbert charles edwards, albert tucker, owen sinclair, george samuel walter, patrick francis murphy, james peter crichton, sydney sims anderson, town clerks, mayors -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - WES HARRY COLLECTION: FLINDERS STREET STATION
... Duke and Duchess of York... and Duchess of York.... Duke and Duchess of York Black and white photograph, taken ...Black and white photograph, taken at night, of the Flinders Street Station on the occasion of the visit of the duke and Duchess of York.buildings, government, flinders street station, flinders street station, duke and duchess of york -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Domestic object - Plate, 1927
... Souvenir of HRH the Duke & Duchess of York's visit... the Duke & Duchess of York's visit to Australia 1927. White china ...The last remaining piece from a tea set owned by Catharine Jane Grant nee Marden - grandmother of Max Grant.White china plate with royal crest in centre.Souvenir of HRH the Duke & Duchess of York's visit to Australia 1927.domestic items, crockery, civic mementoes, royal souvenirs -
National Trust of Australia (Victoria)
Invitation
... of Australia, on the 9th of May 1901. The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall... of: Melbourne and Portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York... of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York; as well as the coats ...All the invitations are for the celebrations in Melbourne connected with the opening of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, on the 9th of May 1901. The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York were to be present.An invitation to attend the Royal Review at Flemington on Friday the 10th of May 1901. The card depicts sepia photos of: Melbourne and Portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York; as well as the coats of arms of the Australian States, the Commonwealth and of the Australian Nation."AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH CELEBRATIONS. The Government of Victoria requests the honour of the presence of Mr & Mrs L Jenner AT THE ROYAL REVIEW at Flemington on Friday the 10th of May 1901."rippon lea -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK
... DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK... The Duke and Duchess of York with Princess Elizabeth on the day.... Photograph DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK ...Black and white copy of a mass produced photo of TRH The Duke and Duchess of York with Princess Elizabeth on the day of christening.Photo Central Newsperson, family, portrait of family -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - JENNY FOLEY COLLECTION: VISITING, 2000
... : The Duke and Duchess of York visit Bendigo in 1927. The Duke... ''The way we were'' from 2000. Visiting: The Duke and Duchess ...Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2000. Visiting: The Duke and Duchess of York visit Bendigo in 1927. The Duke later became King George VI. The clip is a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Framed Photographs, 1927
... as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York... / illuminated Tram Car, during the visit / of the Duke and Duchess... and Duchess of York to Victoria, / April 21st to May 12th 1927 ...Framed set of photographs of Melbourne W1 421decorated as an "illuminated" tramcar for the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria April 21 to May 12, 1927 and the opening of Canberra on May 9, 1927. Tram identified in the 4th edition of Destination City. Note Tasmania is missing from the map on the side of the tram. Two photographs of the tram, a three quarter front on view and a side on view have been framed within a black wooden frame, protected by a glass sheet, with an off white cardboard sheet cut out for the photographs to frame them, cardboard backing sheets with an ink inscription under the two photographs. The rear backing sheet has been tacked onto the wooden frame. Images show the overall object, the two photographs, the text and the rear of the object. Images i2 and i3 updated for scan of the actual negs. Page 43 of Destination City 4th EditionIn Indian ink "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramway Board's / illuminated Tram Car, during the visit / of the Duke and Duchess of York to Victoria, / April 21st to May 12th 1927 / and the opening of Canberra on May 9th 1927".trams, tramways, illuminated trams, decorated trams, royal visit, melbourne, duke of york, preston workshops, w1 class -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Royal train leaving Port Melbourne, 18 May 1901
... Duchess of York...Duchess of York.... Duke and Duchess of York here to open the first Australian... Transport - Railways Royal Train Duke of York Duchess of York Royal ...Photo of Royal train leaving Port Melbourne on May 18, 1901. Duke and Duchess of York here to open the first Australian Parliament.transport - railways, royal train, duke of york, duchess of york, royal visits and occasions -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - BELARDINELLI COLLECTION: BENDIGO'S CENTURY SUPPLEMENT TO THE BENDIGO ADVERTISER
... and Duchess of York visit to Bendigo 1927..... On the front a picture of the Duke and Duchess of York visit to Bendigo ...Bendigo's Century a supplement to the Bendigo Advertiser volume three: 1920-1929. On the front a picture of the Duke and Duchess of York visit to Bendigo 1927.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, centenary supplements -
Linton and District Historical Society Inc
Medal, Stokes & Sons, Melbourne, Medal, Opening of First Australian Federal Parliament, 1901, 1901
... was attended by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwell and York... Parliament / TRH The Duke and Duchess of Cornwell and York... was attended by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwell and York ...Presented to Australian school children on the opening of the First Federal Parliament in May 1901. The opening of Parliament was attended by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwell and York. The Australian states became a Federation during the reign of Queen Victoria, however by the time Parliament opened, Edward VII had ascended the throne.Gilt bronze medal, in shape of shield, with crown at top. Obverse of medal has portraits of Queen Victoria and King Edward VII, and wording "Aust. Commonwealth Est 1 Jan 1901 / 63D. of Victoria, R. I. / First Parliament Opened May 1901-1st of Edward V11". Reverse of medal has portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, and wording "Opening of the First Federal Parliament / TRH The Duke and Duchess of Cornwell and York / Melbourne, May 1901".medals, australian federation 1901, parliament of australia -
National Trust of Australia (Victoria)
Invitation
... of Australia, on the 9th of May 1901. The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall... of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York. The coats of arms... and fauna and portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York ...All the invitations are for the celebrations in Melbourne connected with the opening of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, on the 9th of May 1901. The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York were to be present.An invitation to Mr and Mrs Jenner to attend a Conversazione in the Exhibition Buildings, on 7th May 1901 at 8pm. Card depicts a sketch of the Exhibition Buildings. Surrounding the sketch are the coats of arms for the six states, sketches of the Capital cities, Australian flora and fauna and portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York. The coats of arms of the Commonwealth and Australia."AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH CELEBRATIONS" "THE GOVERNMENT OF VICTORIA requests the honor of the presence of Mr & Mrs L Jenner at a Conversazione in the Exhibition Building on the Evening of Tuesday 7th May 1901 at 8 p.m.rippon lea -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK
... DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK...postcard, sepia tinted. Duke and Duchess of York... tinted. Duke and Duchess of York. Duychess dressed in coat, hat ...postcard, sepia tinted. Duke and Duchess of York. Duychess dressed in coat, hat, holding fur trimmed article. Duke in suit, walking stick. Dog on LH side of image looking up at Duke. On rear' Tuck's Post Card, No. 3786.royalty, british, duke of york, duke of york, royalty -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - PRINCESS MARGARET ROSE
... and Duchess of York. Image shows baby resting on lace pillows... and Duchess of York. Image shows baby resting on lace pillows. Beagles ...Postcard: HRH Princess Margaret Rose, daughter of the Duke and Duchess of York. Image shows baby resting on lace pillows. Beagles' postcard.1930's ?royalty, british, princess margaret, princess margaret, royalty