Portion of the map of the Bendigo Goldfield with the Paddy's Gully Line of Reef near the centre. Streets, contours and gullies are included. Underlined in red is the North Johnson Shaft.map, bendigo, goldfields, goldfield map, paddy's gully line of reef, north johnson shaft, mine shafts

One page and a half of typed notes on the history of the South Virginia Mine on the Paddy's Gully line of reef. Contained in Lease No. 10934, Bendigo. Company formed in 1932 and closed down in 1950.document, gold, south virginia mine, the south virginia mine - history, the leader, south new moon company, mining journals 1939 - 1950, bendigo goldfield 1936, ken bice

Two handwritten notes on the North Virginia Mine on the Paddy's Gully Line of Reef. Shaft No 286. Mentioned are: depth of shaft, production, Calls and Sill of shaft. Commenced operations in Sept 1933, ceased in 1942, recommenced in 1946 and ceased on 5/8/1949. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.document, gold, paddy's gully line, paddy's gully line, north virginia mine, m d

Handwritten page of notes on the Virginia Consols Mine on Paddy's Gully Line of Reef. Notes mention shaft being cleaned out and timbered to 100 ft. Also depth of work, timbering and geological features. Also a small piece of paper with:- Virginia Consols Mine 2 miles North of E'hawk Town Hall. Paddy's Gully Line. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.document, gold, paddy's gully line, paddy's gully line, virginia consols mine, e'hawk town hall

Informit: Lease application no.11038 contains a length of about 48 chains of the Paddy's Gully line of reefs. The Derby Anticline penetrates the area from its north boundary for a distance ofabout 30 chains at which point the fold disappears southwards. The outcrop of the Paddy's Gully Anticline is exposed in McClure Street. Along this section of the Paddys Gully line the top of what is regarded as 'favorable beds' occurs about 150 feet from the surface. It is estimated that the containing beds of Ladam's reef and the Garden Gully 300 feet reef, both of which proved to have been rich ore bodies on the Garden Gully line adjoining on the west, will be found at the approximate depth of 550 feet onthe Paddy's Gully line near the intersection of McClure and Bannerman Streets. A shorter vertical point of attack, though the position is less favorable geologically, is kocks Pioneer east shaft which is 420 feet deep. A crosscut east from this shaft ata depth of 200 feet reaches the Derby Line in a distance of 700 feet. (https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/aesis.200104712) Printed in black text on top of plan: 'Bgo Amalg Gflds N.L." (Bendigo Amalgamated Goldfields N.L.) Transverse Section, Derby, Derby Line of Reef. Scale 100' = 1". Plan forms part of the Margaret Roberts Collection.gold mining, gold, bendigo, derby, derby line of reef, transverse section

McColl Rankin & Stanistreet, North Virginia Gold Mining Co NL. a/ Agreement dated 13/1/1933 Claim No. 115, mining right transfer from Harold John Veale to J J Hall, J A Michelson, J J Stanistreet & H J Leed owners of lease No. 10027. b/ Consent To Grant Of Lease, Quartz Prospecting Claim or otherwise 13/1/1933. Lease No. 10027 Signed by H J Veale in the presence of ?? Leed (p1). Leslie Veale partner of Harold John Veale Claim No. 115 authorizes H J Veale to act on his behalf to transfer the claim to New Virginia Syndicate. Signed by Leslie Veale (p2). Transfer Of Claim etc. to New Virginia Syndicate all right title and interest in Quartz Prospecting Claim numbered 115 known as Paddys Gully line of reef West of Neanger Mine at Sailors Gully Eaglehawk. Signed H J Veale Miner's No. 70059 dated 3/8/1933 (p3). c/ Agreement, North Virginia Mining Company NL application for mining leases from the Crown Numbers 10027 & 10150 Bendigo about 30 acres in Sailors Gully Eaglehawk and Bendigo and a company is intended to be formed and incorporated called North Virginia Gold Mining Company No Liability. Signatures: J J Hall, E D Doyle, J J Stanistreet, E R Grelis, Albert Beischer, J B Young. 3 sheets. d/ Duplicate of 2205.156corganization, business, gold mine, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, north virginia gold mining co nl claim no. 115, mining right transfer quartz prospecting claim transfer new virginia syndicate mining right transfer 1933 lease no. 10027 claim no 115 paddys gully neanger mine e/h bendigo

Page mentioning mines on the Hustlers Line of Reef. The are: Fortuna Hustlers, Royal Hustlers Reserve No 2 - City and Park Shafts, Great Hustlers, Latham, Watson, Great Extended Hustlers, Tribute or Pups Shaft, Bendigo's Worst Mining Disaster May 2 1914, Hustlers Reef (Old Hustlers) and Hustlers Reef No 1, Lansell's Comet Lightening Hill Line, The Old Comet (Cooper's Claim), United Hustlers and Redan, K K Shaft, North or New Hustlers (once known as Agnew Hustlers), Derby Line - Johnson's No 3, Paddy's Gully Line, Lansell's 'Sandhurst' (Needle), Needle Loops, Cleopatra Needle top, British American, Collman and Tacchi and South Virginia. Also mentioned is Total Gold Yield, Main Shafts on Field, Price of Gold (Old Currency) and Saddle Reefs and Spurs. Also mentioned are New Moon, Suffolk United, South New Moon and North New Moon. There is a diagram of a Saddle Reef, Centre Country, Spurs and Fault. Depth of shaft, machinery, location, dividends and yields are also mentioned. Price of Gold (Old Currency): 1851-1930, Price varied from Approx. £3/17/6 to £4 per ounce. 1938, from £6/19/10 to £7/8/10 per ounce. 1946/47/48 £10/15/3 per ounce, May 1, 1954 £15/12/6 per ounce.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - hustlers line of reef, fortuna hustlers, buckell & jeffrey's, railway goods sheds, rsl memorial hall, camp hill school, royal hustlers reserve no 2 - city and park shafts, jonathan harris, latham and watson, great hustlers, great extended hustlers, wattle gully mine, messrs j hustler latham and watson, tribute or pups shaft, bendigo's worst mining disaster, hustlers reef (old hustlers) and hustlers reef no 1, lansell's comet, the old comet (cooper's claim, united hustlers and redan, k k shaft, north or new hustlers (once known as agnew hustlers), derby line - johnson's no 3, pa ddy's gully line, lansell's 'sandhurst' (needle), needle loops, cleopatra needle top, british american, collman and tacchi, south virginia, saddle reefs and spurs, new moon, suffolk united, south new moon, north new moon

Copy of a Geological Map of the Bendigo Gold Field. Map shows Lines of Reef, Anticlines, Synclines, Shafts, Alluvial Contours Gullies and some street names. Copy is hard to read. There are two pages.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - geological map - bendigo gold field, mines department, h herman, lightning hill line, hustlers line, derby line, paddy's gully line, garden gully line, deborah line, sheepshead line, new chum line, nell gwynne line, british and foreign line, napoleon line, carshalton line, thistle line, christmas line, lancashire line

February 1933: East Moon Gold Mining Co. N.L. has been formed with a capital of £25,000 in 36,000 shares of 10/- each issued at 1/-. The company will work an extensive lease on the Paddy’s Gully and Derby lines of reef at Eaglehawk. A shaft was sunk on the Paddy’s Gully line in the property of the New Moon Co. some years ago to a depth of 380 ft. and another shaft was sunk by the same company on the Derby line of reef to 134 ft. In the Paddy’s Gully shaft a large body of spurs 10ft wide at the 256ft plat was exposed and continued downward for 36 ft (56ft?) before passing out of the shaft to the east. A little gold was seen in the stone but no work was done. The development of this formation will be the first work undertaken by the new company. (The Sun News Pictorial Monday 20th February 1933, page 23) Black hard cover book, red binding on spine, one hundred and eighty eight pages of which sixty five are used. Label on front cover: 'East Moon G.M.C . N.L.' Book contains: a. handwritten reports from Alfred Jorgensen regarding the installation of the plant and machinery at the mine b. reports from E.G. Robertson, the Manager of the East Moon Gold Mining Company. Typed report by E.G. Robertson, 8th July 1935 reports on the Paddy's Gully shaft, the Derby shaft and the Hustlers shaft. Entries date from 20th July 1933 to 22nd. August 1935. Mine Manager's book forms part of the Margaret Roberts Collection of Mining records.bendigo, margaret roberts, legal managers, mine manager, east moon gold mining company n.l., e.g. robertson mine manager, alfred jorgensen contractor, paddy's gully shaft, derby shaft, hustler's shaft,

Blue paper map, white text and plan, showing reef lines. Same plan as 11270.71, with addition of Deborah Reef cross section, on extreme right of plan. N. Cundy, 19.12.17gold mining, gold, bendigo, whip and jersey, carshalton, napoleon, nell gwynne, new chum, sheepshead, garden gully, paddy gully, derby, hustlers., deborah, railway line, deborah gold mine, deborah reef, cross section

The initial partnership in a quartz crushing plant between Henry Koch, Simon Albert and Charles Wallin was dissolved in 1860 with Koch becoming the sole owner. In 1866 the crushing plant consisted of a 50 hp engine and 48 stamping heads capable of crushing 600 tons of quartz per week. By 1902 there were 72 stamps and this was by far the largest crushing plant in the area, serving many quartz mines. Henry Koch (1800-1889) was a German sailor who signed off when his ship reached Melbourne in 1851. Having heard of the gold discovery he proceeded to Bendigo where he was initially employed in puddling in the Myers Flat area. He was soon employed and then made partner in a quartz crushing plant that he became sole owner of in 1860. He was also landlord at the British and American Hotel and the Silver Mines Hotel. HE also started the Perseverance United gold claim. He married Anna Maria Theresia Heinz in 1857. In 1872 he sold the crushing plant for 75,000 pounds and took his family back to Germany. He resumed his trade as a ship builder although he maintained many Bendigo mining interests.Photocopy of an article from the Bendigo Advertiser, dated 5/5/1982 titled Fortunes carried in mine. Written above the photo is: Men from Kock's Mine Long Gully. One man is wearing a suit and the rest are in work clothes. The mine was worked, with some breaks, between 1857 and 1871 when the Pioneer Company took over, and was later known as Koch's Pioneer and Perseverance and worked continuously until 1924, a period of 53 years of uninterrupted mining.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - kock's mine workers, bendigo advertiser 5/5/1982, kochs pioneer mine, henry koch, havilah company's claim, garden gully line of reef, paddy's gully line, koch's pioneer and perseverance

One page document with a diagram showing reef lines and lease holdings in the central area of the Bendigo Goldfield. Reef lines shown are Sheepshead Line, Deborah Line, Garden Gully Line, Paddy's Gully Line, Hustlers Line. Sourced from Bendigo Goldfields Library, Central area. CD Rom 622.3422 BENbendigo, mining, lease holdings and reef lines

Historical records originally from the Mining Warden's Office, Mines Department, Bendigo. A summary document lists the mine name; the Ben #; the line of reef located on, the start and end year. Information collated from 1870's to 1980's. Each mine's data is enclosed in a manilla folder within the box. Mines along the following reef lines are described: Hustlers Millers Derby Paddy's Gully Ben # range from 2275 to 2584 Example of entry: Sydney Garden Gully Quartz Mining Co., Ben # 2371, Millers Reef, 1872 - 1875.bendigo, mining, mining warden's records, mines, reef lines

Albert Richardson was a mining historian who wrote widely on the mines of the Bendigo Goldfield. The park opposite the Goldmines Hotel in Marong Road, is named in his honour. Five page document, hand written by Albert Richardson on lined foolscap and edited with cross-outs and insertions, . The mines along the Hustlers line of reef and the Sheepshead line of reef are described. Mines listed on Hustlers line of reef: Fortuna Hustlers (1888 - 1913), shaft 2,240 feet at rear of Buckell and Jeffrey's offices; Royal Hustlers Reserve No. 2 - two shafts 'City" 860 feet, now covered by R.S.L. building Pall Mall, steel poppet legs 60 ft high and 'Park Shaft" at rear of Camp Hill School, 1,775 feet, steel poppet legs 60 feet high; Hustlers Hill Group first worked by Jonathan Harris in 1853 and bounded by Valentine, Anderson and Ironbark Creek to the north and Milroy Street to the east, one of first areas worked for quartz reefing. It with Garden Gully line west and Victoria Hill Ironbark, formed by far the richest cross section of the Bendigo Goldfield. Great Extended Hustlers (1865-1921) close to intersection of Anderson Street and Hustlers Road, mullock heap against road and shored up around shaft, steel poppet legs now at Wattle Gully mine, Chewton, large winding machine, air compressor south of shaft and 36 head crushing battery. Hustlers Reef (Old Hustlers) and Hustlers Reef No. 1, two shafts, main 2,210 feet, about 220 yards east of Moran Street and against Fenton Street. , No. 1 shaft 1,140 feet and about 155 yards east of Moran Street. Lansell's Comet, Lightining Hill line, 2.100 feet, on Comet Hill approx 70 yards west of Holmes Road, near Comet Creek, steel poppet legs. United Hustlers and Redan (1876-1918), main Redan, 1,830 feet about 155 yards west of Sandhurst Roead, in line with Comet Hill State School, this hill known as Redan Hill. North, or New Hustlers, once known as Agnew Hustlers, wooden poppet legs, south side, Kneebone Street, Eaglehawk. Derby line, Johnson's No. 3, South Johnson's (east shaft of Collman and Tacchi) 439 feet on west wide of Woods Street, south of Wetherall Street. Paddy's Gully Line, south to north, some shafts - Lansell's 'Sandhurst" ('Needle") Eaglehawk Road shaft 2,425 feet, about 50 yards east of Needle Loops, a brick square sided chimney with Cleopatra Needle top. British American, 789 feet, just south of Holdsworth Road. Collman and Tacchi, main shaft 2,588 feet, 60 yards west of Eaglehawk Road, California Gully. Deborah Line of Reef, The Deborah (1932-1954) shaft 2.017 feet, west of Adams Road and south of Abel Street, Quarry Hill. North Deborah (1937 - 1954) shaft 1,151 feet, Breen Street, Quarry Hill, steel poppet legs. Central Deborah (1939-1954) shaft 1,347 feet Sheepshead line of reef, Lansell's South Red, White and Blue, shaft 2,124 feet, north east of Bellevue Road and 220 yards east of Adams Road. The New Red, White and Blue Consolidated (Big Blue) main shaft 2,416 feet. Lansell's Bendigo Battery 105 head, north of 'Big Blue" on his freehold lease, commenced crushing on 24th February 1895. After closing was erected as the Showground's Industrial Hall, July 1926. North Red, White and Blue, burnt down February 1926, new company 1934, closed 1938. Document is part of the Albert Richardson Collection of Bendigo mining history. bendigo, gold mining, deborah line of reef, sheepshead line of reef, hustlers line of reef, royal hustlers reserve mine, hustlers hill group of mines, great extended hustlers, hustlers reef no. 1, lightning hill line, old comet, collman and tacchi, lansell's comet, north deborah, central deborah, dhrrpdhrsf linr og trrg, new red, white and blue consolidated mine, big blue, lansell's bendigo battery, north red, white and blue mine, albert richardson collection

Albert Richardson was an expert on the history of the Bendigo Goldfield. The Albert Richardson Park at Victoria Hill, is named in his honour. He was a prominent member of the Bendigo Historical Society. Fifty one page booklet. On front page: Bendigo Goldfield, issued by Geo Brown, Secretary for Mines, under the authority of The Hon. E.J. Hogan, M.L.A., Minister of Mines. Mines Department, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1936.Content includes: historical information; recent development and future prospects, geology and lines of reef. Reef lines described are: Tysons, Lightning Hill, Hustlers, Derby, Paddy's Gully, Garden Gully, Deborah, Sheepshead, New Chum, Nell Gwynne, British and Foreign, Napoleon, Lancashire, Carshalton, Thistle, Christmas and Birds. On front cover 'Bendigo Goldfield, Geo Brown, Sec. for Mines, 1936' written in black pen. On first page 'A.Richardson, 29 Harrison Street, Bendigo' The booklet is annotated throughout by Albert Richardson, for example, the mines along the New Chum Line are further described with their date of formation, sill heights and area of claim.albert richardson, gold mining, goldfield, reef lines, 1936, mines department

BHS CollectionHandwritten list by Albert Richardson, with typed copy, of mines on the Garden Gully, Sheepshead, Hustlers, Nell Gwynne and the Deborah, Paddy Gully and Derby Lines of Reef. Also a list of prominent mines on the New Chum Line. document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, location of shaft with the reef, north new moon, suffolk, new moon, south new moon, clarence, new argus, virginia, gt northern golden pyke, constellation, johnsons extd, golden age, princess dagmar, johnson's no 2, nth johnsons, johnsons no 1, confidence extended, windmill hill, koch's pioneer, cornish, carlisle, pandora, garden gully united, catherine reef united, williams united, belmont & saxby, ellenborogh, st mungo, sadowa, lady barkly, south st mungo, united devonshire, south devonshire, pearl, hercules & energetic, ironbark (vict gold mines), victoria consols, victoria quartz (vict reef), lansell's big 180, north old chum, new chum & victoria, old chum, lazarus, 222, new chum united, new chum consolidated - the consolidated, garibaldi, shamrock, hercules, ironbark, south ironbark, little 180, central blue, sheepshead, nth blue, big blue, south blue (lansell's), united hustlers & redan, the redan, comet (lansell's), hustlers reef plus no 1 shaft, old hustlers, gt extended hustlers plus 'pups', royal hustlers reserve nos 1 & 2, fortuna hustlers, new chum syncline, central nell gwynne, monument hill, central deborah, north deborah, deborah, collman &tacchi, lansells sandhurst needle, johnsons no 3 (nelsons)

Handwritten letter to Mr. Blake with reference to meeting students and the changes in Bendigo. Mentioned are the Log Lock-Up, the Central Deborah Mine, the ex-manager of the mine, Mr. Rowe acting as a guide, Victoria Hill and the Bendigo Pottery. The notes titled ''To replace Around the Goldfields'' mentions the Third Edition, 'Historic Guide to Bendigo', published in 1969 of land reclamation schemes rapidly removing all traces of several mines. Those affected on the New Chum Line of Reef are: The Victoria Consols, Ironbark and Hercules and Energetic. The Sheepshead Line - the Ironbark and Ironbark South. On the Garden Gully Line - The Cornish United, Koch's Pioneer and Confidence Extended. The Paddy's gully Line - The British American, Lansell's Sandhurst (Needle) and the Collman and Tacchi. On the Derby Line - Johnson's No 3 (Nelson) and on the Hustlers Line are the United Hustlers and Redan and the K. K. Mines. Also, a carbon copy of the notes.document, memo, new chum & victoria letter & notes, mr blake, mr hattam, log lock-up, central deborah mine, mr rowe, victoria hill, bendigo pottery, historic guide to bendigo third edition, new chum line of reef, the victoria consols, ironbark, hercules and energetic, sheepshead line, ironbark, ironbark south, garden gully line, cornish united, koch's pioneer, confidence extended, paddy's gully line, the british american, lansell's sandhurst (needle), collman and tacchi. derby line, johmson's no 3 (nelson), hustlers line, united hustlers and redan, k k mines

Documents: Carbon copy of 9 page report: 'The Bendigo Goldfield, Facts showing a close relationship between the major strike faults and the deposition of the most productive reefs and systems of spurs'.Victor Pabst.organization, business, gold mining, victor pabst. garden gully line (north), garden gully line (south), sheepshead line, hustler line, derby line, new chum line (north), new chum line central, paddy's gully line, nell gwynne line, christmas line, birds line, lancashire line & stafford fault, carshalton line

One hand written and four typed copies of notes on the Garden Gully United Mine and a spare last typed page. Notes include depth of shafts, locality, early history,plant, leading mine, gold production, references on typed copies. One typed copy, with Typed at Mines Dep't written at the top has a number of corrections/inclusions and a hand drawn locality map attached to the back.mine, gold, garden gully united mine, garden gully united mine, garden gully line of reef, paddy's gully line, economic now crestknit knitting mills, roberts & sons, ladam's reef, tribute companies, possum shaft, rainbow shaft, gold production, leading mine, pandora reef, rosalind park, dr h l atkinson, i e dyason, w hunter, g lansell, e mueller, bendigo amalgamated company, bendigo city council, w h taylor, mines dept booklet 'bendigo goldfields' geo brown 1936, annals of bendigo 1873 & 1874, annals of bendigo dividend records from 1873 to 1935, a richardson, bendigo minicipal library booklet 'healthy golden bendigo'

The Whip and Jersey Mine was located south of Hunter Street, Golden Square.Blue wax paper plan with white inscriptions, titled 'Whip and Jersey'. Plan shows reef lines: Carshalton, Napoleon, Nell Gwynne, New Chum, Sheepshead, Garden Gully, Paddy Gully, Derby, Hustlers. Deborah Reef marked in bold text. Bendigo to Melbourne railway line at top of plan. 'Whip and Jersey, £200,000', written in white on left hand side of plan. Plan forms part of the Margaret Roberts Collection.N. Cundy, 19.12.17gold mining, gold, bendigo, whip and jersey, carshalton, napoleon, nell gwynne, new chum, sheepshead, garden gully, paddy gully, derby, hustlers., deborah, railway line

This mine was in Sailors Gully; the closest intersection Growler and Crook Streets. The most successful mine of the Moon Reef was the New Moon Company. The mine commenced operations in 1867, their claim being south and adjoining the Robin Hood Co. Capital consisted of 16 shares of £75 each. In a short time, after only £160 had been called up, payable quartz from a depth of 173 feet enabled dividends of £2,778 ... In 1870 a registered company was formed with capital of £24,000 ... There were two shafts on the lease, each 280 feet in depth, while work had commenced on a new engine shaft and the erection of a winding plant. The company purchased the Robin Hood's lease and plant in 1878. The Robin Hood shaft became the New Moon main shaft and was eventually deepened to 2,400 feet. The New Moon Company was re-registered in 1886 as a No Liability Company with capital of £12,000 ... and the mine developed into one of the best-managed and most economically worked mines on the Bendigo goldfield ... This company, at the close of 1906 declared its 200th dividend ... From 1878 to 1890 had been lean years for the company when many calls were made to shareholders, while for a period of 6 years the mine was let tributors who crushed 6417 tons for 415 0zs ... dividends were paid from 1892 to 1913 ... mine closed down in 1917 Apart from public crushing, the company crushed 545,289 tons of stone during its existence, all dug from its own mine ... yielded 230,601 ozs of gold, and paid shareholders the sum of £377,400. The former great mine was taken over by the Bendigo Amalgamated Company from 1917 to 1922. It was re-opened in 1928 only to close in 1932 Later, cyaniders treated the sand, and this great dump was removed from its original position and dumped across the road into Napoloen Gully, where it buried the site of the New Moon Company's original, as it was better known, south shaft. Source: https://www.mindat.org/loc-98781.htmlDrawn on blue waxed paper, white text, plan of New Moon mine. Written on top of plan: ' New Moon Co., cross section plan' '40ft to an inch' Marked on plan 'Paddy's Gully, Centre Country. Plan forms part of the Margaret Roberts Collection.gold mining, gold, bendigo, new moon co, sailors gully, moon reef line

Six page document, photocopied extract from the 'Mining and Geological Journal', September 1940, titled 'The Bendigo Goldfield - Recent Operations, by J.J. Caldwell, pages 164 - 169. Reefs and mines discussed: Christmas Line, New Don, Carshalton Line, Golden Carshalton, Forbes Carshalton, New Carshalton. Napoleon Line, Napoleon Reefs, Central Napoleon, Nell Gwynne Line, Central Nell Gwynne,New Chum Syncline, North Nell Gwynne, Golden Sovereign, Sheepshead Line, Central Rd, White and Blue, Hercules, Ironbark, Deborah Line, Deborah Consolidated, South Deborah, Deborah, North Deborah, Central Deborah, Monument Hill (New Monument Hill Co) Garden Gully Line, Paddy's Gully Line, South Virginia Extended, South Virginia, North Virginia, East Clarence, Hustlers Line, North Hustlers.bendigo mining n.l., bendigo, mining, gold, kangaroo flat, christmas line, new don, carshalton line, golden carshalton, forbes carshalton, new carshalton. napoleon line, napoleon reefs, central napoleon, nell gwynne line, central nell gwynne, new chum syncline, north nell gwynne, golden sovereign, sheepshead line, central rd, white and blue, hercules, ironbark, deborah line, deborah consolidated, south deborah, deborah, north deborah, central deborah, monument hill (new monument hill co) garden gully line, paddy's gully line, south virginia extended, south virginia, north virginia, east clarence, hustlers line, north hustlers., j.j. caldwell, mining and geological journal