Discusses twentieth century architecture and the evolution of modern architecture. Describes present architecture in three categories, namely vernacular, professional and creative. Examples of house designs within the new architecture are given.This manuscript was published as a book titled "The New Architecture" (The Arts in Australia Series), Longmans, Melbourne, 1963.Typewritten (c copy), pencil edits, quarto, 18 pagesmodern architecture, australia, young architects, creative architecture, new architecture, robin boyd, manuscript

Announcement that young architect Robin Boyd is speaking at Union Night. The talk is titled "Why is Australian Architecture So Bad?" and will be illustrated with films.walsh st library

Boyd outlines reasons why architecture students and young architects are less outspoken about the quality of architectural design in comparison to older practising architects.Original manuscript published in Meanjin, Vol.17 No.78, pp. 175-178. It was reprinted in the 'Architect' (Perth) Vol.3 No.53, pp. 26-27.Typewritten (c copy), quarto, 6 pagesarchitects, 'slate' magazine, robin boyd, manuscript

Boyd questions the current rules of architecture, as do the young architects of the period - the idea of usefulness, firmness, delight and beauty in the visual environment. He says we will only get a more exciting architecture if we ask the question posed in the title.Typewritten pencil edits, quarto, 7 pagesReferences Morris Lapidus and an exhibition at The Architectural League of New York occurring "late last year". URL reference says it occured in 1970.usefulness, firmness, architecture's purpose, role of architecture, robin boyd, manuscript

This program was made for the Orbost Apex Club to be used on the "change over night" of August 6th 1971. Apex Clubs were begun in March 1931 when three young architects, looking to make a contribution to their local community of Geelong Victoria, decided to create Apex. Apex is a volunteer community service organisation whose members work in local clubs across urban, regional and rural Australia to raise awareness about social justice issues, assist the needy in a practical way and contribute resources to worthwhile causes. (ref Apex website)The Apex Club of Orbost was a volunteer service club which contributed to the Orbost community. A declining population has led to the demise of many social groups in the area.A white triple fold cardboard program. It has blue print on the white background.APEX CLUB OF ORBOST 13th Change Over Nightprogram apex service-club

In December 1897 John Barr applied for a conditional victualler's license, for the Endeavour Hotel, at Chiltern Valley No. 2. Mr Young, architect, stated that the building would cost £900 and would take five months to erect. The application was granted on the condition the construction was to be completed by 6th May 1898. The Grand Opening took place on 19th May 1898 with Proprietors Messrs Cruse and Barr. Due to dissolution of the partnership, the Endeavour Hotel was sold at auction on 16th March 1900. It was purchased and continued to be operated by Mr John Barr. It continued to be an important venue not only for hospitality but also for many community meetings and formation of the local football club In November 1920, the Licensing Reduction Board declared that the Endeavour Hotel, Chiltern Valley would be closed by the end of the year. License surrendered and it closed December 1920. Our Collection includes several photographs signed BONSEMA WODONGA or sometimes simply TBW. Thomas Peter John Bonsema was born in Wodonga in 1876 to Peter John Bonsema and Mary Ann nee Nash. His name first appears on the Electoral Roll for Wodonga in 1909 and on the Electoral Roll in 1912 he is listed as a photographer. His photographs capture many scenes and events around Wodonga and surrounding areas. Thomas Bonsema married Minna Louisa Jones in 1912. By 1914 he had moved to Chiltern, Victoria where he established Bonsema’s Photographic Studio. From this time onward many of his works bore the signature “BONSEMA CHILTERN”. As well as continuing to photograph landscapes and important buildings, Mr Bonsema was often the official photographer at school and community celebrations. He also sold many framed photographs and postcards from his premises at 68 -70 Conness Street, Chiltern. By 1943 Thomas John Bonsema had relocated to New South Wales and died in Beecroft, NSW on 14th July 1944. Some of his photographs are held in the Victorian State Library and Mitchell Library Sydney Collections.These images are significant because they are the work of a recognised photographer Thomas Bonsema who was born in Wodonga in 1876. A black and white image of the Endeavour Hotel in Chiltern Valley with horses and carts outside. Bonsema Chiltern Endeavour Hotel Chiltern Valleybonsema photography, thomas peter john bonsema, empire hotel chiltern

In August 1874 the College Trustees agreed to a loan by Mr Leckie of £1500 at 8% over three years, and the foundation stone of a new building, on the corner of Lyons and Sturt Streets in the grounds of St Andrews Kirk, was laid on 12 September by Rev Henderson, founder of the College. Designed by leading Ballarat architect Henry Caselli and built by contractors Taylor and Ellis, the building was opened for January 1875 classes. In February 1875 the original church hall was sold cheaply and moved from the site. The girls' section of the college was moved to the schoolrooms connected with the Baptist Church in Errard Street Sth. The girls school operated 1877 - 1892. Ballarat College moved to current senior campus premises at 1412 Sturt Street in 1912. A plaque commemorating the Caselli building remains on the original site. The photograph features southwest faces of building, surrounded by a picket fence; seven young boys are standing in front of the fence along the Lyons Street side. Grayscale photograph with hessian and card mountBottom right corner of photograph: ....tuhards....caselli, ballarat college, buildings

Six documents about the Japanese School: 1/The Japanese School of Melbourne Planning Brief document draft February 1984 to the City of Caulfield. Brief includes background of school, current educational standards of school and structure, future plans, including forecast of future student numbers, request to use prefabricated rooms. Also plans for new building and room alterations. Includes appendice which has current and projection graph of students attending. Period covered: January 1968-February 1984 (17 pages). 2/Fourteen page school prospectus, which includes history and location, term dates, school hours, curriculum subjects, teachers qualifications, health department approval and enrolment list. Also includes Division of School Duties, school educational aims and guidance priorities. Period covered: 07/09/1968-13/05/1986. 3/An 11/11/1988 Melbourne Development and Prospectus for the Japanese School of Melbourne, includes purpose of school, development options, planning brief, construction time, and development program. Includes seven plans and maps of school location and bus routes (14 pages). Prepared for the City of Caulfield on its request. 4/List of representatives of the Japanese School of Melbourne that met with City of Caulfield councilors on 23/11/1988. 5/Black and white photo of 'Ian Rob with Japanese students September 1991', six students included. 6/Colour photograph of 'Mayor Ed Biggs with Japanese students February 1992', thirteen adults and young people included.japanese school of melbourne limited, japanese school, caulfield, holy cross catholic, holy cross school, ellington school, keeron street, mockridge stahle and mitchell architects, architects, secondary schools, primary schools, playgrounds, hawthorn road, caulfield south, yaji hidero, japanese community, yazaki yasuo, morita hiroshi, teachers, bloink des, stokes tony, building surveyors, japanese supplementary school of melbourne, school committees, libraries, school houses, brick, bloink clarke harding consulting architects group, anthony stokes and assoc. building surveyors and town planners, rob ian, biggs ed mayor

Taken in 1924, depicted are eleven young men dressed in school uniform attire standing in the playground of Beechworth State School. This group of young men were part of a farcical play titled "School Days" as part of Beechworth State School Concert series. Beechworth Primary School (formally known as Beechworth State School) was constructed in 1875 by architect Henry Bastow (1839 - 1920). Bastow was the chief architect and surveyor for the Victorian Government’s Department of Education. During his chiefship, over six-hundred schools were constructed across the state which was in response to the Victoria’s Education Act of 1872 legislating free, compulsory, and secular education. Performances such as this “School Days” play were common forms of entertainment within Beechworth up into the early twentieth century. This stems from the goldrush period in Beechworth (1852-1866) when travelling entertainers would tour the goldfields offering performances in singing, acting and circus tricks. These were usually held in a local pub or designated concert spaces, such as the Star Theatre in Beechworth. Entertainment offerings begun to slow down mid-twentieth century when the population begun to dwindle. Many locals took up this responsibility and put on their own plays and shows across the town. This photograph is historically significant as it provides insight into the types of entertainment activities held at the Beechworth School during the early twentieth century. It also demonstrates how students engaged with their school outside of their regular schoolwork. Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on board. Obverse: W.Howes / Beechworth Concert Party 1924 / State School / Beechworth Cyril Smith (Squidgy) / Keith Prowse / Bill Howes / J. Warde / J. Heatherly (Jumbo) / Gea Foster / B. Shallard (Shinky) / A. Foster / Ernie Smith / Jerry Burns / Ted Warden / School Master / Geo Foster in a Farscial Play “School Days” / Reverse: A03065 / 1997.2520 / 79.19.1 / school uniform, beechworth school, school days", concert series., henry bastow, beechworth primary school, victorian government’s department of education, education, victoria’s education act of 1872, beechworth state school

Synopsis: “In WW1 Melbourne a pioneering network of women at the Mission to Seafarers called the Ladies Harbour Lights Guild supported sailors who risked their lives at sea. The documentary “Harbour Lights” tells the remarkable story of the Ladies Harbour Lights Guild and the lives of seafarers in early 20th century Melbourne. It focuses on Melbourne’s iconic Mission to Seafarers building, its connection to the Great War and to a unique community of ships crew and volunteers. Featuring Melbourne historians, commentators, archivists and architects and rare footage and images of sailing and social life in and around the ports of Melbourne, this film will inform and connect audiences young and old.” Commissioned by Victorian Government The movie was produced in collaboration with the Mission to Seafarers Victoria. It was directed by Jary Nemo and written and produced by Lucinda Horrocks and Jary Nemo with executive producers Sue Dight and Gordon MacMillan. The film features: Jill Garner Kate Darian-Smith Chris McConville Janet Miller (curator) Gordon MacMillan (former seafarer and board committee member) Narrated by Sharon Turley. Music by Richard Chew (professor of the Arts Academy in Ballarat) The film was presented at several festival in Australia and abroad in 2020-2021. Credits: Narrator Sharon Turley Featuring (in order of appearance) Dr Chris McConville, Gordon MacMillan, Janet Miller, Professor Kate Darian-Smith and Jill Garner With Raul S Gantalao Jr, Escoto Lemuel, Ben Schroeder, Cinda Manins And Ian Fletcher, Yuan Jia, Uma Kothari, Gordon Lansley, William Reed and Cheka Samaranayake Directed by Jary Nemo Written and Produced by Lucinda Horrocks and Jary Nemo Music by Richard Chew Executive Producers Sue Dight and Gordon MacMillan Research advisors Geraldine Brault, Maria Culka, Professor Kate Darian-Smith, Ros Fletcher, Professor Uma Kothari, Dr Barbara Lemon, Catherine McLay, Dr Chris McConville, Janet Miller, Rick Mitchell, Duncan ‘John’ Perryman, Dr Annette Sheill and Peter Taylor Archival photographs, music and footage courtesy of Australian Red Cross Society, Central Highlands Libraries, Internet Archive, National Film and Sound Archive, National Library of Australia, Mackarness Family Personal Archives, Mission to Seafarers Victoria, Public Record Office Victoria, State Library of Victoria and US National Archives Music Harbour Lights. Music by Richard Chew. Westering. Music by Richard Chew. Twilight (Crépuscule) by Jules Massenet. Performed by Amelita Galli-Curci. I Love You So, Waltz from The Merry Widow by Franz Lehár. Performed by Elise Stephenson and Harry Macdonough with Orchestra. Harbour Lights 2. Music by Richard Chew. If I Could Fly by Walking Hearts featuring Jennifer Holm. Courtesy of Epidemic Sound. With thanks to Peter Barrow, Sarah Bartak, Lin Bender AM, Patty Braumueller, Csilla Csongvay, Emer Diviney, Moira Drew, Ian Fletcher, Ajith Jayasuriya, Ben Jones, Patience Jones, Cinda Manins, Madeleine Martiniello, Georgia Melville, Elisabeth Moglia, Tara Oldfield, Lyn Pasquier, Nigel Porteous, Rev’d Onofre (Inni) Punay, Dr Rosalie Triolo, Ben Schroeder, David Simpson, Cheka Samaranayake, Daria Wray, the Helen Macpherson Smith Trust and KPMG. A special thanks to The women of the Ladies Harbour Lights Guild 1906 to 1961 Produced in collaboration with The Mission to Seafarers Victoria Created with the support of The Victorian Government Licensing This film has been released under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license Acknowledgement of country Project production and development took place on the lands of the Kulin nation. We acknowledge Traditional Owners and pay our respects to Elders past, present and future. Production company A Wind & Sky Production Copyright with © Wind & Sky Productions MMXIX The film was launched on Wednesday 26th February 2020 at the Mission. Speech by Veterans Affairs. Amongst the guests were current and former volunteers (Maria Culka, Gordon MacMillan, Elisabeth Moglia), curators (Georgia Melville, Jay Miller, Geraldine Brault)18mn documentary mixed of photographs from teh collection and interviews about the Ladies Harbour Lights Guild work during WWIladies harbour lights guild, documentary, jay miller, janet miller, geraldine brault, lucinda horrocks, gordon macmillan, jary nemo, kate darian-smith, jill garner, chris mcconville, sharon turley, richard chew, footage, archive

A number of items once belonging to shipwright Norman McKenzie were donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village. They are related to Norman’s apprenticeship and certification as a Shipwright in Belfast, his Union membership and his employment as a shipwright in Melbourne. One of the items, a union Rules Book inscribed with the name H.B. Thomas and dated 1902, had within its pages Norman’s Indenture of Apprenticeship, dated 1941, Norman Desmond McKenzie was born in Belfast in 1925 and lived at 10 Pansy Street Belfast, Northern Ireland. At the age of 16 years, he began a 5-year Shipwright’s apprenticeship with Harland & Wolff Limited, Shipbuilding & Engineering Works, Belfast. He became a member of the Ship Constructors’ and Shipwrights’ Association, Belfast (B) Branch 20. His Registration Number was 38748. He completed his apprenticeship on December 16th, 1946, aged 21 years, his address was 26 Connsbrook Drive, Sydenham, N. Belfast. In October 1949 Norman received Clearance from his Union as a financial member to move to another branch. He completed his Apprenticeship on December 16th 1946. Two months later he migrated to Australia, and he arrived in Victoria, and he became a Financial Member of the Victorian branch of the Federated Shipwrights, Ship constructors, Naval Architects, Ships’ Draughtsmen and Boat Builders’ Association of Australia, Victoria branch. One of Norman’s donated books is the Rules of the Shipwrights' Provident Union of the Port of London. It is inscribed on several pages with the name H.B. Thomas and includes the year 1902 and the address of 29 Brickwood Street, Gardenvale. This is a location in Victoria, Australia. The Victoria Government Gazette, February 1959, in the section “Removal from Registration on The Architects Registration Board of Victoria, during the year ended 31st December 1956” lists “Deceased – Thomas, H.B., 29 Brickwood Street, Gardenvale”. The Architects Union includes Naval Architects and Shipwrights and other related trades came under the same union. It seems likely that when he was in Melbourne, Norman worked as a Shipwright for H.B. Thomas and was given the Rules book by Thomas, perhaps as a reference book or maybe as a gift. Around that same time, December 1949, Norman met his wife-to-be, Daphne, in Melbourne. Daphne had migrated from London with her family and her father found work with the Melbourne Harbour Trust. They married in Melbourne in 1953 and went on to have a family of five children. In 2003 Norman and Daphne moved to Warrnambool and then years later they celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary. Norman passed away on July 28th 2015 at Warrnambool’s South West Healthcare hospital. SUBJECTS Flagstaff Hill, Warrnambool, Maritime Village, Maritime Museum, Shipwreck coast, Great Ocean Road, Norman McKenzie, Norman Desmond McKenzie, Belfast shipwright, Shipwright's apprenticeship, Harland & Wolff Limited, Shipbuilding & Engineering Works, the Ship Constructors’ and Shipwrights’ Association, Registered Shipwright, Victorian branch of the Federated Shipwrights, Ship constructors, Naval Architects, Ships’ Draughtsmen and Boat Builders’ Association of Australia, Victoria branch, Shipwrights' Provident Union, H.B. Thomas, Architects Registration Board of Victoria, Naval Architect, Daphne, Norman and Daphne McKenzie, Indenture of Apprenticeship SIGNIFICANCE Norman McKenzie's Rules Book, Union Cards, Indenture of Apprenticeship, and other documents tell the story of a young Irish lad's work and qualifications to become a shipwright and his migration to Australia. The young man found a job and a wife who had also migrated, and they raised a family in Melbourne. He and his wife then retired to Warrnambool to enjoy their later years. The collection of documents relating to Norman McKenzie is significant for its connection with the shipping industry of the early 1900s, the migration of qualified tradesmen to Victoria, and their contribution to the development of Victoria. The collection also shows the role of the Union in the shipping industry. The documents link shipwright Norman McKenzie to the Shipwright's Union in London and in Australia, and to shipbuilder H B Thomas in Melbourne, most likely his employer.Norman McKenzie's Rules Book, Union Cards, Indenture of Apprenticeship, and other documents tell the story of a young Irish lad's work and qualifications to become a shipwright and his migration to Australia. The young man found a job and a wife who had also migrated, and they raised a family in Melbourne. He and his wife then retired to Warrnambool to enjoy their later years. The collection of documents relating to Norman McKenzie is significant for its connection with the shipping industry of the early 1900s, the migration of qualified tradesmen to Victoria, and their contribution to the development of Victoria. The collection also shows the role of the Union in the shipping industry. The documents link shipwright Norman McKenzie to the Shipwright's Union in London and in Australia, and to shipbuilder H B Thomas in Melbourne, most likely his employer. Book, small handbook. Rules of the Shipwrights' Provident Union of the Port of London. Rules were Registered with the Shipwrights' Provident Union of the Port of London, Register No. 527, September 28th 1895. A small book with dark blue textured fabric covers. Pages, 56, are bound with staples. The book has handwritten inscriptions dated 1902.Handwritten in black pen: Inside cover, "H.B. Thomas, 1902" Page 45 "H B Thomas, 29 Brickwood Street, Gardenvale" Page 49, handwritten in blue ink "H B Thomas, 1902"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, norman mckenzie, norman desmond mckenzie, belfast shipwright, shipwright's apprenticeship, harland & wolff limited, shipbuilding & engineering works, the ship constructors’ and shipwrights’ association, registered shipwright, victorian branch of the federated shipwrights, ship constructors, naval architects, ships’ draughtsmen and boat builders’ association of australia, victoria branch, shipwrights' provident union, h.b. thomas, architects registration board of victoria, naval architect, daphne, norman and daphne mckenzie

Dwight James Baum is an American architect. He was born in 1886 in Newville, New York. As a young man, Baum moved to Syracuse. In 1909, he graduated from Syracuse University with an architecture degree. He worked for Boring and Tilton and Sanford White which are well known Architecture firms in America. Around 1912, he started his own residential design firm. During the 1920s, Baum designed a significant buildings and several houses in Sarasota, Tampa, Terrace, Temple and Florida all in the Mediterranean Revival Style such as the Ringlings dubbed Cà d'Zan, which is now known as the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art. In 1923-1924, he also designed Sunset Hill for Mrs. Eugene D. Stocker at Warren, New York which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. During the Depression Baum became involved with Good Housekeeping Magazine as consulting architect, and as designer of their building exhibit at the 1933 Chicago World's Fair. His later work includes Hendricks Memorial Chapel at Syracuse University, with John Russell Pope in 1929–1930 and the pedestal for V. Renzo Baldi's statue of Columbus in the city's Columbus Circle. Dwight James Baum died in 1939. Book with large blue hard cover. Title is written on the front cover and the spine in gold. Manufacturer's logo is written on front cover in gold. The book includes index, preface and an introduction. black and white illustrations, plates and floor planes of the architect's work such as Ca d Zan, the fantastical Venetian Gothic waterfront palace of John and Mable Ringling in Sarasota, Florida and the stately Italianate house of Anthony Campagna in Riverdale, New York and more.architecture, architectural designs, art moderne, domestic designs, ca d zan

Photographer notations on slide: Seventh Day Adventists Camp at Hampton W.J. Westerman, G.G. Stewart & C.H. Watson Published: 28 December 1933 Published title: SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. Published caption: “I. — The Annual Camp of the Seventh Day Adventists in Highett-road, Hampton, comprising more than 250 tents and accommodating over a thousand persons. II. —W. J. Westerman (vice-president of Australasian) and Pastor G. G. Stewart (president of Victoria), conversing with Pastor C. H. Watson (world president of the Seventh Day Adventists).- III.— Evangelist E. R. Gane and family.” SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. (1933, December 28). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 9. Retrieved August 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203356427 Research by project volunteer, Fiona Collyer: In December 1933, the annual Seventh Day Adventists Conference of Victoria was held, with over a 1000 participants camping for ten days at Highett Road Hampton. Pastor Charles H. Watson, world president of the Seventh Day Adventists, Walter J. Westerman, vice-president of Australasian and Pastor George G. Stewart, president of Victoria attended. Interestingly, The Age newspaper modified the original photo in their publication, placing the three men close to each other. Description: Three middle aged men dressed in suits converse in front of tents. In December 1933, delegates from all over Victoria and beyond travelled to Melbourne for the annual Seventh Day Adventists Conference of Victoria, held over ten days on a vacant allotment at Highett Road Hampton. A canvas town of 250 tents for over 1000 campers was created along with large marquees for lectures, devotional services and kitchens. Many daily visitors also attended the lectures and services. The principal speaker was Victorian born world president of the Seventh Day Adventists, Pastor Charles H. Watson (1877-1962), who travelled from Washington DC for the event. The Highett Street campers attended a busy schedule of bible readings, devotional services and health lectures during the ten days of the camp. Lecture subjects included- “Among the Head Hunters of the Solomon Islands”, “ Looking Through the Prophetic Telescope into 1934”, “Soul Surgery”, “Viewing the Celestial Land Through the Prophetic Telescope”and “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse”. The Seventh Day Adventist religion was established in the USA in 1863. One of its co-founders was American Ellen G. White whose writings are regarded as divinely inspired and are still adhered to today. Ellen preached on the “Eight Laws of Health”- Nutrition, exercise, water, sunshine, temperance, air, rest and trust in God. Adventists regard their bodies as holy temples and avoid food deemed by the Bible as unclean. They eat a mainly plant based diet with no caffeinated beverages and abstain from alcohol and tobacco. They believe in the observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and Hebrew calendars as the sabbath and the literal and imminent second coming of Jesus Christ. New converts are baptised by immersion in water. The Adventists opened the Warburton Sanitarium in 1910 as a health retreat, integrating their holistic health philosophy of physical, mental and spiritual well being. It was a resort in the hills “among picturesque mountain scenery…surrounded by tall forests and deep fern gullies…” where highly strung Melburians could alleviate their digestive maladies, stress and jaded nerves as “…worn down nervous systems mend quickly in this peaceful environment…invigorating air and an abundance of home-grown fruit, vegetables, fresh eggs, milk, and cream help to build healthy bodies”. The resort also offered hydrotherapy, massage and electrical treatments. An advertisement in The Argus- 1 December 1947 assured readers- “EVERYTHING SUNNY AGAIN." “That's how you'll feel when you say farewell to Warburton Sanitarium and Hospital after spending a holiday here. Victoria's Hydro is famous far and wide for wonders worked with sufferers from nervous and digestive disorders. Wholesome food, perfectly cooked; splendid air, regulated exercise, sweet natural sleep; these quickly correct faulty digestion, restore vitality, bring back that sunny optimism natural to healthy people. Massage and curative baths under medical supervision…” Later, after further building work, it became the Warburton Hospital with medical, casualty and obstetrics wards as well as offering strategies to stop smoking, lose weight and for stress management. The hospital ceased operation in 2001. Ellen G. White wrote “God sent me to Australia” and in 1891, accompanied by her son William C. White she arrived in Australia to start a Bible school, spread her health philosophy and for missionary work. At first health food products were imported from America, but it soon became apparent that due to the expense and the food becoming stale over the long journey, that local manufacturing was necessary. In 1898 William secured the services of American Adventist baker Edward C. Halsey, who had worked at Dr Kellogg’s Battle Creek (“Cereal City”), Sanitarium, Michigan, USA. They rented the St George’s bakery in Northcote, Melbourne, producing the first ready to eat breakfast cereal Granola, Caramel Cereal, and peanut butter. The fledgling company relocated to larger premises in Cooranbong, NSW soon after. The Sanitarium Health Food Company opened a factory in Warburton in 1925, manufacturing Granose Biscuits, Cerix Puffed Wheat, San-Bran, Bixies malted wheat flakes, Betta peanut butter, Marmite, “Kwic-Bru - A delicious health “coffee” made from choicest cereals and free from drugs that affect the heart and nerves” In 1928, Sanitarium bought out Grain Products Limited who were manufacturing a sweet cereal biscuit called Weet-Bix which soon became Australia’s favourite breakfast cereal. The Warburton factory closed in 1997, with manufacturing shifting interstate. Sanitarium breakfast cereal boxes offered free collectable cards inside and children could buy albums from grocers for sixpence and mount the cards. Subjects of the albums included- “Aboriginal Tribes, Legends, Customs”, “Australia- Yesterday and Today”, “Marvels of the Great Barrier Reef”, “Advance Australia- a Pageant of the Years”. In 1902 the Adventist’s opened the “Pure Food Vegetarian Cafe” in Sydney (In 1907 the name was changed to “Sanitarium Health Food Cafe”), Eating vegetarian food was definitely a curiosity. “Cristina” reviewed the cafe for The Australasian-27 October 1906. Topics For The Block. “Feeling somewhat like a criminal, and hoping to escape detection, I stealthily made my way into a vegetarian restaurant the other day... If my friends happened to catch me walking in there, I should henceforth be considered a crank, a faddist, and little short of a lunatic! Whom did I find within, seated with the air of habitués at the small tables, but heaps of my friends. They had all this while been pursuing their vegetarian way, layin' low and sayin' nuffin'. Flesh-eaters, now that the Sydney summer has set in apparently in good earnest, are beginning to wonder if the vegetarians are not wiser in their day and generation. Roast beef, hot cornea beef, ragouts, and meat curries, the very thought of them makes one feel hot. Frosted lemon pudding, stewed fruits, wheatmeal rolls, and tomatoes sound nice when you look at their names on the vegetarian menu. Such weird messes are served, square, unintelligible blocks of some brown substance, a few bites of which form a full and satisfying meal. Cold nut foods, granose, nuttose, and jam protose, bromose, with jelly and various "ose" sandwiches, impossible for the unbeliever to diagnose, are put before you. You drink malted nut broth, you eat gluten sticks, stewed beans, lentil patties, with vegetable sauce, any or all of which are distinctly nourishing and filling at the price. A mock (decidedly mock) veal cutlet or a red lentil roast is sufficient lunch, it appears, for anyone. Thus, "you obtain the best working results from your machinery with the least possible expenditure..." In December 1906 the Adventists branched out to Melbourne, opening the Sanitarium Health Food Cafe at 289 Collins Street next to the Royal Bank building. (corner Collins and Elizabeth Streets, demolished in 1939). Their motto was “Quality and Purity”. “Cynthia” of The Leader “Social Circle” column reviewed the cafe in 9 March 1907- “Hundreds of people have a feeling of positive affection for a diet that will be satisfying, appetising and nourishing, without having meat for its backbone. It will come as news that we have in Melbourne a cafe where you can really enjoy yourself without eating anything in the way of meat. Cream, custard, cheese and the like are not cold shouldered out of the menu, and the housewife in search of new dishes will find here ever so much in the way of suggestions. Nuts figure conspicuously in the menu, and lentil and walnut cutlets may be instanced among the delicacies. Beans are cooked in quite alluring fashion, while creamed parsnips are excellent. For sandwiches you could hardly desire anything more appetising than granosi biscuits, and nut cheese. The combination is suggestive of school lunches, and nut meat might well be employed as a variant. A visit to the cafe itself — it is next the Royal Bank in Collins-street — will surprise anyone used to the average vegetarian restaurant. Every thing is fresh, fragrant, and thoroughly modern… It is run, in connection with that curious people the Seventh Day Adventists.” However, “Adele” writing for the Evelyn Observer and Bourke East Record -13 December 1907 had a different experience- CITY RESTAURANTS. “There is no glamour from the outside. We enter the dining room at six and secure a seat at a small table, for this night we are going to dine on vegetables. Some people pride themselves on being vegetarians, and devote a great deal of their spare cash and energy to disseminating vegetarian principles. I shall not in a hurry forget the dinner we tried to get through at this vegetarian restaurant. There was put before us plate after plate of vegetables not soaked, but sodden with water, not an atom of flavouring or dressing; no attempt was made to give the slightest piquancy to potato, cabbage, turnip or carrot. I beg pardon, I am unjust, there were two caterpillars in the cabbage. It is astonishing how persistently ordinary cooks spoil vegetables in the process of cooking and how little they understand the value of vegetables on a menu.” From the extensive menu of 1924, you could order cream of green pea soup, followed by nut meat with Yorkshire pudding, egg timbales, stewed brown lentils, savoury rissoles with piquant sauce. Among the dessert offerings were creamed sago, steamed figs and walnut drops. Washed down with fermented wine and to finish, “Frucerea”, a coffee substitute essence made from fruit and cereal. A four course meal of soup, entree, vegetables and sweets cost 1/6 in 1924. Proving that plant-based food was not just a novelty, 67,000 meals were served at the cafe in 1918, rising to 73,000 in 1921. Later the Sanitarium Cafe moved to 293 Little Collins Street, (opposite Royal Arcade) sharing the building with The Lilliput Golf Course, a miniature golf course of 18 holes. The course was a replica of the fashionable Lido Course in France and was open daily from 10am to midnight with a green fee of one shilling. It featured goldfish, waterfalls and dance music. Lilliput boasted that they were “Melbourne’s coolest indoor course” Miniature golf (mini, minnie, midget, miget, Tom Thumb, Wee golf, putt-putt, pigmy, peewee, crazy golf, obstacle golf) swept the globe in the 1930s, starting in the USA, then Europe. The courses provided affordable recreation during uncertainty at the start of the Great Depression. The craze arrived in Sydney September 1930 with the first mini golf course opening in the basement of the State Theatre. It featured a replica Sydney Harbour Bridge and attracted over 1000 players a day at one shilling per game. The miniature golf bug hit Melbourne hard in 1930-31 with nearly 200 courses springing up in the CBD and suburbs within a few months. The first miniature golf course to open in Melbourne was on 4 October 1930 in the basement of recently built art deco style Wentworth House at 203 Collins Street, designed by architect Cedric Heise Ballantyne, (also designed Regent Theatre, Plaza Ballroom, Athenaeum Club, National Theatre, St Kilda, built in 1930, demolished in 1974 for the City Square) It was managed by J. C. Williamson who advertised for a “Girl Spruiker” who “Must be Young, Attractive Personality, and Able to Talk to the Public” to work at the course. The Age 26 September 1930 reported - “The Wentworth House management have spared no expense in preparing the links. Water hazards, sand bunkers, running streams, ancestral castles, moats and a cunning drawbridge have each been devised to test the skill of players, while the walls and ceiling have been "atmospherically" treated to convey an exterior effect”. Even Melbourne City Council jumped on the bandwagon, leasing the lower hall of Melbourne Town Hall to colourful car dealer and racehorse owner Mr A. G. Barlow for £43 per week for the “Kit Kat Tiny Golf Course”, opening on 11 December 1930. (Turf identity, Mr Alexander George Barlow, (1880-1937) who raced under the nom de course “A. G. Vauxhall”, owned filly Frances Tressady, who in 1923 won the Victoria Derby and Oaks Stakes double and came fifth in the Melbourne Cup. The “Frances Tressady Stakes” is held each March at Flemington Racecourse in honour of the horse, the last filly to win the Derby. Barlow was the proprietor of Barlow Brothers Pty Ltd car dealership at 442 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. He played 14 games for Carlton Football Club (VFL) on the half-forward line from 1901-1903). Patrons could vie for The Herald Miniature Golf Championship Cup, a gold cup worth £7/7, in an eight week long competition. Sports newspaper The Sporting Globe also offered a Cup and prize money. Many courses offered prizes of theatre tickets, cash and cigarettes. Myer’s department store, hoping to cash in on the fad, advertised in Melbourne’s newspapers that their Sports Department could design and equip complete miniature golf courses using “Fairway” imitation turf at 4/6 a yard. Newspaper cartoonists loved to lampoon the fad. Both Percy Leason, cartoonist for society magazine Table Talk and Syd Miller of Smith’s Weekly depicted “real” golfers causing havoc on a mini golf course, showing that being a “real” golf player was no advantage to playing miniature golf. But bust often follows boom. With such rapid market saturation, expensive novel hazards, waning interest, long opening hours, often to midnight, and price cutting of game fees from one shilling to sixpence and then to threepence amongst some courses, the bubble was bound to burst. The Sporting Globe columnist J.M.Dillon on 20 May 1931 lamented- £100,000 LOST Failure of ‘Minnie’ Golf. “Miniature golf might have provided fun and jokes for thousands of people in Australia, but there were many for whom it panned out a tragedy. It is likely that the dead losses of those who attempted to make money out of the game in Australia were in the vicinity of £100,000. …For a while there was hardly a spare block of land, or a possible “site” in the shape of a hall, or a showroom, in Sydney and Melbourne, that some one was not after to set upon it a “minnie links.” Big amusement firms and private individuals anxious to make money began to run courses. Practically every individual who touched the game had his finger’s financially burnt. …From the approximately £60,000 invested in Melbourne alone, there must have been £25,000 lost. …There are now dozens of courses going to ruin, and many more that the owners would be happy to give away if the takers would remove from them obligations of leases, &c…” The lease on the “Kit Kat Tiny Golf Club” at the Melbourne Town Hall expired on 30 April 1931, with Mr Barlow losing £798 on the venture. The hazards and fittings, which cost £400 and included a large replica of the Town Hall, now worthless. Due to declining patronage, the Little Collins Street cafe closed in 1938, although the adjacent shop continued to sell Sanitarium products. In New Zealand, the first Sanitarium factory opened in Christchurch in 1900, with the company later opening factories in Palmerston North and Auckland. The Adventists opened vegetarian cafes, firstly at 37 Taranaki Street Wellington in 1906, followed by cafes in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin. Weet-Bix is also New Zealand’s favourite cereal- there the jingle is “Kiwi kids are Weet-Bix kids.” In 1955, the Australian Women’s Weekly ran an illustrated, full colour advertisement featuring New Zealand born Edmund Hillary (later Sir) 1919-2008, who, along with Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was the first climber to reach the summit of Mount Everest on 29 March 1953. The Australian Women’s Weekly, 30 March, 1955- “WEET-BIX carried by Hillary on Himalayan adventure! c/- N.Z. Alpine Club Inc., Dunedin, New Zealand. The Manager, Sanitarium Health Food Company, Christchurch, N.Z. Dear Sir. …Weet-Bix was chosen at my special request as I had always felt that some easily prepared form of breakfast was essential to the primitive conditions of high camps. Weet-Bix fulfilled its task very well indeed. We usually had them with hot milk (powdered) and sugar, and even when we were unable to eat anything else, we usually managed to have a little Weet-Bix . . . I regard them as a great success and expect they will be more widely used in the Himalayas in future. Yours faithfully, (Signed) E.P. Hillary. Sanitarium Marmite - motto- “Too much spoils the flavour”- is as beloved with Kiwis as Vegemite is with Australians. In 1966, a fire gutted the Christchurch Marmite factory causing a nation wide shortage. Once the factory was rebuilt, Sanitarium relaunched the yeasty extract in reusable glass tumblers with printed designs such as yachts, New Zealand birds and vintage cars. These popular collectibles can still be found in the kitchen cupboards of many New Zealand baches (holiday homes). After the devastating 2011 earthquake in Christchurch damaged the Marmite factory causing shortages and panic buying, a “Marmageddon” was declared with jars of the “black gold” advertised online for up to NZ$800. Consumers were advised to spread their Marmite sparingly until production resumed. (The Christchurch plant reportedly produces around 640,000kg of Marmite per year). Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company is exempt from paying company income tax on their profits due to their ownership by a religious organisation. Although not a compulsory rule for salvation, Adventists are encouraged to pay a tithe of 10% of their income to the church to support the ministry in God’s work. Nowadays, there are over 25 million members of the Seventh Day Adventists Church in 200 countries. ITEMS OF INTEREST (1933, December 22). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 8. Retrieved July 21, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11723188 SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. (1933, December 28). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 9. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203356427 EVANGELISTS' CAMP (1933, December 20). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 30. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article243213209 Master Butchers Have A Time Pilots FOR School Air Race Charity Golf At Riversdale (1931, May 1). The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), p. 14-15. Retrieved September 4, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article276159136 2000 ADVENTISTS UNDER CANVAS (1933, December 27). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 17. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article243223698 TOPICS FOR THE BLOCK. (1906, October 27). The Australasian (Melbourne, Vic. : 1864 - 1946), p. 45. Retrieved August 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139178204 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church https://www.sanitarium.com/au/about/sanitarium-story/profits-for- ENTERTAINMENT AT MENZIES'. (1906, December 6). Punch (Melbourne, Vic. : 1900 - 1918; 1925), p. 26. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article175380296 https://encyclopedia.adventist.org/article?id=9HN0&highlight=Conference SOCIAL CIRCLE (1907, March 9). Leader (Melbourne, Vic. : 1862 - 1918, 1935), p. 41. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article196649677 CITY RESTAURANTS. (1907, December 13). Evelyn Observer and Bourke East Record (Vic. : 1902 - 1917), p. 1 (MORNING.). Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61133109 Advertising (1924, May 6). The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), p. 9. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article274271406 1930, December 5). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 5, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page26374135 Thousands Are Still Playing Miniature Golf (1931, January 2). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 11. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242880087 MINIATURE GOLF. (1930, October 16). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 10. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4209280 THE REAL GOLFER WHO FORGOT HIMSELF ON THE MINIATURE GOLF COURSE (1930, November 13). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 13. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146706596 Advertising (1930, December 5). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242761991 Advertising (1931, January 9). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 12. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242887972 1955, March 30). The Australian Women's Weekly (1933 - 1982), p. 38. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page4812489 £100,000 LOST (1931, May 20). Sporting Globe (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954), p. 1 (Edition1). Retrieved August 14, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183023946 1930, December 5). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 15, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page26374135 Advertising (1931, January 23). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 15, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242887795 MINIATURE GOLF. (1931, February 5). The Dandenong Journal (Vic. : 1927 - 1954), p. 6. Retrieved August 16, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article201082526 Still Time To Enter Midge (1931, January 16). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 12. Retrieved August 16, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242888830 WIT OF THE WEEK (1930, October 23). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 23. Retrieved August 29, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146455050 Advertising (1930, October 2). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 16. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146454620 MIDGET GOLF LINKS. (1930, September 26). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 6. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202235074 https://www.smh.com.au/national/fairfax-archive-mini-golf-20131125-2y608.html TURF NOTES (1923, November 6). The Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924), p. 6. Retrieved September 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article213855201 Advertising (1930, October 4). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved October 14, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242937272 LAUGHTER AND TEARS. (1930, November 15). Smith's Weekly (Sydney, NSW : 1919 - 1950), p. 21. Retrieved September 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article234426874 Advertising (1947, December 1). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 5. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22523355Photographer notations on slide: "Seventh Day Adventists Camp at Hampton W.J. Westerman, G.G. Stewart & C.H. Watson".religion, health food, mini golf, 1930-1939, tents, churches, camps

Photographer notations on slide: Seventh Day Adventists Camp. E Gane + family Published: 28 December 1933 Published title: SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. Published caption: “I. — The Annual Camp of the Seventh Day Adventists in Highett-road, Hampton, comprising more than 250 tents and accommodating over a thousand persons. II. —W. J. Westerman (vice-president of Australasian) and Pastor G. G. Stewart (president of Victoria), conversing with Pastor C. H. Watson (world president of the Seventh Day Adventists).- III.— Evangelist E. R. Gane and family.” SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. (1933, December 28). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 9. Retrieved August 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203356427 Research by project volunteer, Fiona Collyer: In December 1933, evangelist Mr E.R. Gane and his family gather outside their tent during the ten day Seventh Day Adventist Conference held in Highett Road, Hampton. Description: A woman, man and four small children sit and stand in front of a tent. One child plays with a toy train. In December 1933, delegates from all over Victoria and beyond travelled to Melbourne for the annual Seventh Day Adventists Conference of Victoria, held over ten days on a vacant allotment at Highett Road Hampton. A canvas town of 250 tents for over 1000 campers was created along with large marquees for lectures, devotional services and kitchens. Many daily visitors also attended the lectures and services. The principal speaker was Victorian born world president of the Seventh Day Adventists, Pastor Charles H. Watson (1877-1962), who travelled from Washington DC for the event. The Highett Street campers attended a busy schedule of bible readings, devotional services and health lectures during the ten days of the camp. Lecture subjects included- “Among the Head Hunters of the Solomon Islands”, “ Looking Through the Prophetic Telescope into 1934”, “Soul Surgery”, “Viewing the Celestial Land Through the Prophetic Telescope”and “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse”. The Seventh Day Adventist religion was established in the USA in 1863. One of its co-founders was American Ellen G. White whose writings are regarded as divinely inspired and are still adhered to today. Ellen preached on the “Eight Laws of Health”- Nutrition, exercise, water, sunshine, temperance, air, rest and trust in God. Adventists regard their bodies as holy temples and avoid food deemed by the Bible as unclean. They eat a mainly plant based diet with no caffeinated beverages and abstain from alcohol and tobacco. They believe in the observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and Hebrew calendars as the sabbath and the literal and imminent second coming of Jesus Christ. New converts are baptised by immersion in water. The Adventists opened the Warburton Sanitarium in 1910 as a health retreat, integrating their holistic health philosophy of physical, mental and spiritual well being. It was a resort in the hills “among picturesque mountain scenery…surrounded by tall forests and deep fern gullies…” where highly strung Melburians could alleviate their digestive maladies, stress and jaded nerves as “…worn down nervous systems mend quickly in this peaceful environment…invigorating air and an abundance of home-grown fruit, vegetables, fresh eggs, milk, and cream help to build healthy bodies”. The resort also offered hydrotherapy, massage and electrical treatments. An advertisement in The Argus- 1 December 1947 assured readers- “EVERYTHING SUNNY AGAIN." “That's how you'll feel when you say farewell to Warburton Sanitarium and Hospital after spending a holiday here. Victoria's Hydro is famous far and wide for wonders worked with sufferers from nervous and digestive disorders. Wholesome food, perfectly cooked; splendid air, regulated exercise, sweet natural sleep; these quickly correct faulty digestion, restore vitality, bring back that sunny optimism natural to healthy people. Massage and curative baths under medical supervision…” Later, after further building work, it became the Warburton Hospital with medical, casualty and obstetrics wards as well as offering strategies to stop smoking, lose weight and for stress management. The hospital ceased operation in 2001. Ellen G. White wrote “God sent me to Australia” and in 1891, accompanied by her son William C. White she arrived in Australia to start a Bible school, spread her health philosophy and for missionary work. At first health food products were imported from America, but it soon became apparent that due to the expense and the food becoming stale over the long journey, that local manufacturing was necessary. In 1898 William secured the services of American Adventist baker Edward C. Halsey, who had worked at Dr Kellogg’s Battle Creek (“Cereal City”), Sanitarium, Michigan, USA. They rented the St George’s bakery in Northcote, Melbourne, producing the first ready to eat breakfast cereal Granola, Caramel Cereal, and peanut butter. The fledgling company relocated to larger premises in Cooranbong, NSW soon after. The Sanitarium Health Food Company opened a factory in Warburton in 1925, manufacturing Granose Biscuits, Cerix Puffed Wheat, San-Bran, Bixies malted wheat flakes, Betta peanut butter, Marmite, “Kwic-Bru - A delicious health “coffee” made from choicest cereals and free from drugs that affect the heart and nerves” In 1928, Sanitarium bought out Grain Products Limited who were manufacturing a sweet cereal biscuit called Weet-Bix which soon became Australia’s favourite breakfast cereal. The Warburton factory closed in 1997, with manufacturing shifting interstate. Sanitarium breakfast cereal boxes offered free collectable cards inside and children could buy albums from grocers for sixpence and mount the cards. Subjects of the albums included- “Aboriginal Tribes, Legends, Customs”, “Australia- Yesterday and Today”, “Marvels of the Great Barrier Reef”, “Advance Australia- a Pageant of the Years”. In 1902 the Adventist’s opened the “Pure Food Vegetarian Cafe” in Sydney (In 1907 the name was changed to “Sanitarium Health Food Cafe”), Eating vegetarian food was definitely a curiosity. “Cristina” reviewed the cafe for The Australasian-27 October 1906. Topics For The Block. “Feeling somewhat like a criminal, and hoping to escape detection, I stealthily made my way into a vegetarian restaurant the other day... If my friends happened to catch me walking in there, I should henceforth be considered a crank, a faddist, and little short of a lunatic! Whom did I find within, seated with the air of habitués at the small tables, but heaps of my friends. They had all this while been pursuing their vegetarian way, layin' low and sayin' nuffin'. Flesh-eaters, now that the Sydney summer has set in apparently in good earnest, are beginning to wonder if the vegetarians are not wiser in their day and generation. Roast beef, hot cornea beef, ragouts, and meat curries, the very thought of them makes one feel hot. Frosted lemon pudding, stewed fruits, wheatmeal rolls, and tomatoes sound nice when you look at their names on the vegetarian menu. Such weird messes are served, square, unintelligible blocks of some brown substance, a few bites of which form a full and satisfying meal. Cold nut foods, granose, nuttose, and jam protose, bromose, with jelly and various "ose" sandwiches, impossible for the unbeliever to diagnose, are put before you. You drink malted nut broth, you eat gluten sticks, stewed beans, lentil patties, with vegetable sauce, any or all of which are distinctly nourishing and filling at the price. A mock (decidedly mock) veal cutlet or a red lentil roast is sufficient lunch, it appears, for anyone. Thus, "you obtain the best working results from your machinery with the least possible expenditure..." In December 1906 the Adventists branched out to Melbourne, opening the Sanitarium Health Food Cafe at 289 Collins Street next to the Royal Bank building. (corner Collins and Elizabeth Streets, demolished in 1939). Their motto was “Quality and Purity”. “Cynthia” of The Leader “Social Circle” column reviewed the cafe in 9 March 1907- “Hundreds of people have a feeling of positive affection for a diet that will be satisfying, appetising and nourishing, without having meat for its backbone. It will come as news that we have in Melbourne a cafe where you can really enjoy yourself without eating anything in the way of meat. Cream, custard, cheese and the like are not cold shouldered out of the menu, and the housewife in search of new dishes will find here ever so much in the way of suggestions. Nuts figure conspicuously in the menu, and lentil and walnut cutlets may be instanced among the delicacies. Beans are cooked in quite alluring fashion, while creamed parsnips are excellent. For sandwiches you could hardly desire anything more appetising than granosi biscuits, and nut cheese. The combination is suggestive of school lunches, and nut meat might well be employed as a variant. A visit to the cafe itself — it is next the Royal Bank in Collins-street — will surprise anyone used to the average vegetarian restaurant. Every thing is fresh, fragrant, and thoroughly modern… It is run, in connection with that curious people the Seventh Day Adventists.” However, “Adele” writing for the Evelyn Observer and Bourke East Record -13 December 1907 had a different experience- CITY RESTAURANTS. “There is no glamour from the outside. We enter the dining room at six and secure a seat at a small table, for this night we are going to dine on vegetables. Some people pride themselves on being vegetarians, and devote a great deal of their spare cash and energy to disseminating vegetarian principles. I shall not in a hurry forget the dinner we tried to get through at this vegetarian restaurant. There was put before us plate after plate of vegetables not soaked, but sodden with water, not an atom of flavouring or dressing; no attempt was made to give the slightest piquancy to potato, cabbage, turnip or carrot. I beg pardon, I am unjust, there were two caterpillars in the cabbage. It is astonishing how persistently ordinary cooks spoil vegetables in the process of cooking and how little they understand the value of vegetables on a menu.” From the extensive menu of 1924, you could order cream of green pea soup, followed by nut meat with Yorkshire pudding, egg timbales, stewed brown lentils, savoury rissoles with piquant sauce. Among the dessert offerings were creamed sago, steamed figs and walnut drops. Washed down with fermented wine and to finish, “Frucerea”, a coffee substitute essence made from fruit and cereal. A four course meal of soup, entree, vegetables and sweets cost 1/6 in 1924. Proving that plant-based food was not just a novelty, 67,000 meals were served at the cafe in 1918, rising to 73,000 in 1921. Later the Sanitarium Cafe moved to 293 Little Collins Street, (opposite Royal Arcade) sharing the building with The Lilliput Golf Course, a miniature golf course of 18 holes. The course was a replica of the fashionable Lido Course in France and was open daily from 10am to midnight with a green fee of one shilling. It featured goldfish, waterfalls and dance music. Lilliput boasted that they were “Melbourne’s coolest indoor course” Miniature golf (mini, minnie, midget, miget, Tom Thumb, Wee golf, putt-putt, pigmy, peewee, crazy golf, obstacle golf) swept the globe in the 1930s, starting in the USA, then Europe. The courses provided affordable recreation during uncertainty at the start of the Great Depression. The craze arrived in Sydney September 1930 with the first mini golf course opening in the basement of the State Theatre. It featured a replica Sydney Harbour Bridge and attracted over 1000 players a day at one shilling per game. The miniature golf bug hit Melbourne hard in 1930-31 with nearly 200 courses springing up in the CBD and suburbs within a few months. The first miniature golf course to open in Melbourne was on 4 October 1930 in the basement of recently built art deco style Wentworth House at 203 Collins Street, designed by architect Cedric Heise Ballantyne, (also designed Regent Theatre, Plaza Ballroom, Athenaeum Club, National Theatre, St Kilda, built in 1930, demolished in 1974 for the City Square) It was managed by J. C. Williamson who advertised for a “Girl Spruiker” who “Must be Young, Attractive Personality, and Able to Talk to the Public” to work at the course. The Age 26 September 1930 reported - “The Wentworth House management have spared no expense in preparing the links. Water hazards, sand bunkers, running streams, ancestral castles, moats and a cunning drawbridge have each been devised to test the skill of players, while the walls and ceiling have been "atmospherically" treated to convey an exterior effect”. Even Melbourne City Council jumped on the bandwagon, leasing the lower hall of Melbourne Town Hall to colourful car dealer and racehorse owner Mr A. G. Barlow for £43 per week for the “Kit Kat Tiny Golf Course”, opening on 11 December 1930. (Turf identity, Mr Alexander George Barlow, (1880-1937) who raced under the nom de course “A. G. Vauxhall”, owned filly Frances Tressady, who in 1923 won the Victoria Derby and Oaks Stakes double and came fifth in the Melbourne Cup. The “Frances Tressady Stakes” is held each March at Flemington Racecourse in honour of the horse, the last filly to win the Derby. Barlow was the proprietor of Barlow Brothers Pty Ltd car dealership at 442 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. He played 14 games for Carlton Football Club (VFL) on the half-forward line from 1901-1903). Patrons could vie for The Herald Miniature Golf Championship Cup, a gold cup worth £7/7, in an eight week long competition. Sports newspaper The Sporting Globe also offered a Cup and prize money. Many courses offered prizes of theatre tickets, cash and cigarettes. Myer’s department store, hoping to cash in on the fad, advertised in Melbourne’s newspapers that their Sports Department could design and equip complete miniature golf courses using “Fairway” imitation turf at 4/6 a yard. Newspaper cartoonists loved to lampoon the fad. Both Percy Leason, cartoonist for society magazine Table Talk and Syd Miller of Smith’s Weekly depicted “real” golfers causing havoc on a mini golf course, showing that being a “real” golf player was no advantage to playing miniature golf. But bust often follows boom. With such rapid market saturation, expensive novel hazards, waning interest, long opening hours, often to midnight, and price cutting of game fees from one shilling to sixpence and then to threepence amongst some courses, the bubble was bound to burst. The Sporting Globe columnist J.M.Dillon on 20 May 1931 lamented- £100,000 LOST Failure of ‘Minnie’ Golf. “Miniature golf might have provided fun and jokes for thousands of people in Australia, but there were many for whom it panned out a tragedy. It is likely that the dead losses of those who attempted to make money out of the game in Australia were in the vicinity of £100,000. …For a while there was hardly a spare block of land, or a possible “site” in the shape of a hall, or a showroom, in Sydney and Melbourne, that some one was not after to set upon it a “minnie links.” Big amusement firms and private individuals anxious to make money began to run courses. Practically every individual who touched the game had his finger’s financially burnt. …From the approximately £60,000 invested in Melbourne alone, there must have been £25,000 lost. …There are now dozens of courses going to ruin, and many more that the owners would be happy to give away if the takers would remove from them obligations of leases, &c…” The lease on the “Kit Kat Tiny Golf Club” at the Melbourne Town Hall expired on 30 April 1931, with Mr Barlow losing £798 on the venture. The hazards and fittings, which cost £400 and included a large replica of the Town Hall, now worthless. Due to declining patronage, the Little Collins Street cafe closed in 1938, although the adjacent shop continued to sell Sanitarium products. In New Zealand, the first Sanitarium factory opened in Christchurch in 1900, with the company later opening factories in Palmerston North and Auckland. The Adventists opened vegetarian cafes, firstly at 37 Taranaki Street Wellington in 1906, followed by cafes in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin. Weet-Bix is also New Zealand’s favourite cereal- there the jingle is “Kiwi kids are Weet-Bix kids.” In 1955, the Australian Women’s Weekly ran an illustrated, full colour advertisement featuring New Zealand born Edmund Hillary (later Sir) 1919-2008, who, along with Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was the first climber to reach the summit of Mount Everest on 29 March 1953. The Australian Women’s Weekly, 30 March, 1955- “WEET-BIX carried by Hillary on Himalayan adventure! c/- N.Z. Alpine Club Inc., Dunedin, New Zealand. The Manager, Sanitarium Health Food Company, Christchurch, N.Z. Dear Sir. …Weet-Bix was chosen at my special request as I had always felt that some easily prepared form of breakfast was essential to the primitive conditions of high camps. Weet-Bix fulfilled its task very well indeed. We usually had them with hot milk (powdered) and sugar, and even when we were unable to eat anything else, we usually managed to have a little Weet-Bix . . . I regard them as a great success and expect they will be more widely used in the Himalayas in future. Yours faithfully, (Signed) E.P. Hillary. Sanitarium Marmite - motto- “Too much spoils the flavour”- is as beloved with Kiwis as Vegemite is with Australians. In 1966, a fire gutted the Christchurch Marmite factory causing a nation wide shortage. Once the factory was rebuilt, Sanitarium relaunched the yeasty extract in reusable glass tumblers with printed designs such as yachts, New Zealand birds and vintage cars. These popular collectibles can still be found in the kitchen cupboards of many New Zealand baches (holiday homes). After the devastating 2011 earthquake in Christchurch damaged the Marmite factory causing shortages and panic buying, a “Marmageddon” was declared with jars of the “black gold” advertised online for up to NZ$800. Consumers were advised to spread their Marmite sparingly until production resumed. (The Christchurch plant reportedly produces around 640,000kg of Marmite per year). Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company is exempt from paying company income tax on their profits due to their ownership by a religious organisation. Although not a compulsory rule for salvation, Adventists are encouraged to pay a tithe of 10% of their income to the church to support the ministry in God’s work. Nowadays, there are over 25 million members of the Seventh Day Adventists Church in 200 countries. ITEMS OF INTEREST (1933, December 22). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 8. Retrieved July 21, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11723188 SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS. (1933, December 28). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 9. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203356427 EVANGELISTS' CAMP (1933, December 20). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 30. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article243213209 Master Butchers Have A Time Pilots FOR School Air Race Charity Golf At Riversdale (1931, May 1). The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), p. 14-15. Retrieved September 4, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article276159136 2000 ADVENTISTS UNDER CANVAS (1933, December 27). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 17. Retrieved July 1, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article243223698 TOPICS FOR THE BLOCK. (1906, October 27). The Australasian (Melbourne, Vic. : 1864 - 1946), p. 45. Retrieved August 30, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139178204 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church https://www.sanitarium.com/au/about/sanitarium-story/profits-for- ENTERTAINMENT AT MENZIES'. (1906, December 6). Punch (Melbourne, Vic. : 1900 - 1918; 1925), p. 26. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article175380296 https://encyclopedia.adventist.org/article?id=9HN0&highlight=Conference SOCIAL CIRCLE (1907, March 9). Leader (Melbourne, Vic. : 1862 - 1918, 1935), p. 41. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article196649677 CITY RESTAURANTS. (1907, December 13). Evelyn Observer and Bourke East Record (Vic. : 1902 - 1917), p. 1 (MORNING.). Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article61133109 Advertising (1924, May 6). The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), p. 9. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article274271406 1930, December 5). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 5, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page26374135 Thousands Are Still Playing Miniature Golf (1931, January 2). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 11. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242880087 MINIATURE GOLF. (1930, October 16). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 10. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4209280 THE REAL GOLFER WHO FORGOT HIMSELF ON THE MINIATURE GOLF COURSE (1930, November 13). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 13. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146706596 Advertising (1930, December 5). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242761991 Advertising (1931, January 9). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 12. Retrieved August 8, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242887972 1955, March 30). The Australian Women's Weekly (1933 - 1982), p. 38. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page4812489 £100,000 LOST (1931, May 20). Sporting Globe (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954), p. 1 (Edition1). Retrieved August 14, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article183023946 1930, December 5). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 15, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page26374135 Advertising (1931, January 23). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved August 15, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242887795 MINIATURE GOLF. (1931, February 5). The Dandenong Journal (Vic. : 1927 - 1954), p. 6. Retrieved August 16, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article201082526 Still Time To Enter Midge (1931, January 16). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 12. Retrieved August 16, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242888830 WIT OF THE WEEK (1930, October 23). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 23. Retrieved August 29, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146455050 Advertising (1930, October 2). Table Talk (Melbourne, Vic. : 1885 - 1939), p. 16. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146454620 MIDGET GOLF LINKS. (1930, September 26). The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954), p. 6. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article202235074 https://www.smh.com.au/national/fairfax-archive-mini-golf-20131125-2y608.html TURF NOTES (1923, November 6). The Ballarat Star (Vic. : 1865 - 1924), p. 6. Retrieved September 3, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article213855201 Advertising (1930, October 4). The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 - 1954), p. 10. Retrieved October 14, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article242937272 LAUGHTER AND TEARS. (1930, November 15). Smith's Weekly (Sydney, NSW : 1919 - 1950), p. 21. Retrieved September 9, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article234426874 Advertising (1947, December 1). The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957), p. 5. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22523355Photographer notations on slide: "Seventh Day Adventists Camp. E Gane + family".religion, health food, mini golf, 1930-1939, tents, churches, camps

Boyd advocates that Canberra's proposed permanent Parliament House needs to be a vital symbol and suggests an open national competition should be used to select the architect.Original manuscript of an article published as 'Young Australia in Steel and Concrete', published in 'The Australian'.Typewritten (c copy), quarto, 5 pagescanberra, parliament house, national competition, robin boyd, manuscript, national capital

Discusses and approves of the initiative of Australian architecture students shown by their holding their own architectural convention. The convention tackled the issues of the 'House of Tomorrow' and the types of technology that that can be manipulated and used for better design. Students also invited international guests to comment and judge the exhibition.Original manuscript published as ‘Young architects show their nerve’ in 'The Australian' on 19.06.1965. Typewritten (c copy), quarto, 4 pageseric lyons, tom marshall, john blanshard, patwant singh, robin boyd, manuscript

Colour slide in a mount. Jacobs House, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia, 1963. (Architects: Allen, Jack+Cottier.)Made in Australia / 25 / OCT 64M / ALLEN, JACK & COTTIER ARCHTECTS. / TEL. 27-7981 / 10 YOUNG STREET, SYDNEYaustralia, slide, robin boyd

Colour slide in a mount. Jacobs House, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia, 1963. (Architects: Allen, Jack+Cottier.)Made in Australia / 31 / OCT 65M / Encircled 67 (Handwritten) / ALLEN, JACK & COTTIER ARCHITECTS / 10 YOUNG STREET, SYDNEY / 8 (Handwritten)australia, slide, robin boyd

Colour slide in a mount. Jacobs House, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia, 1963. (Architects: Allen, Jack+Cottier.)Made in Australia / 20 / OCT 65M / 9 (Handwritten) / ALLEN, JACK & COTTIER ARCHITECTS / 10 YOUNG STREET, SYDNEY / 6 (Handwritten) / 9 (Handwritten)australia, slide, robin boyd

Colour slide in a mount. Jacobs House, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia, 1963. (Architects: Allen, Jack+Cottier.)Made in Australia / 22 / OCT 65M / 7 (Handwritten) / ALLEN, JACK & COTTIER ARCHITECTS / 10 YOUNG STREET, SYDNEY / 7 (Handwritten)australia, slide, robin boyd

The Wesleyan Church, Denham Street in Lower Hawthorn, as the area was then called, was opened on 2 May 1886. The building was designed by Geelong architect William Henry Cleverdon and was built of brick in the Gothic style. Its dimensions were 55 x 33 ft and the façade incorporated a rose window and spire 50 ft high. A wooden vestry was placed to the rear. The building and the organ were seriously damaged by fire on 1 April 1970, started by a painter's blowtorch. The church was not rebuilt.B & W photograph of a group of young men standing and sitting with the minister outside the Methodist Church in Denham St. Hawthorn.denham street methodist church, organ, hall

To encourage the development of audio books, a series of awards were established by the National Library of Australia in 1988, and sponsored by TDK from 1991 until their demise in 2000. Open to both commercial and non-commercial publishers, it aimed to recognise the quality achievements by individuals and publishing houses and to promote the inclusion of audio books into the mainstream market. After the conclusion, Vision Australia Foundation decided to continue the awards in-house.1 digital imageVision Australia Library Awards 2001 2001 Braille Book of the Year: The Shark Net by Robert Drewe 2001 Sanderson Young Adult Narrator of the Year: David Tredinnick for Max 2001 Sanderson Young Adult Audio Book of the Year: Whistle Man by Brian Ridden 2001 Adult Narrator of the Year: Deidre Rubenstein and James Wright for The Architect 2001 Adult Audio Book of the Year: Conditions of Faith by Alex Millervision australia foundation

In 1949 an architect produced this plan to detail the addition of a bedroom for the nursing staff, who looked after children in the Blind Babies nursery. The plan shows a layout of the RVIB site, including the 'Myers Home' (the name of the nursery) where young children were cared for. The south and eastern elevations are detailed, as well as a plan of the nursery, which had 4 bedrooms, a living room, a dinning room , bathroom, 2 kitchen areas and the proposed additional nurses bedroom next to Bedroom 4.1 architectural plan of Myer House and proposed extensionPercy E Everett, Chief Architectroyal victorian institute for the blind, rvib nursery, plans, myer house

Norma Tullo began her dressmaking business in 1956. At the age of 20, she rented a small shop in the Metropole Arcade, initiating a career that included manufacturing, designing and retailing. In 1965, she became the first Australian to be selected by Butterick Company Inclusive to join their pattern making company. The stylish Tullo ‘look’ in the first half of the 1960s was young, colourful, feminine and most importantly had a strong American appeal. The patterns were distributed worldwide except to Russia and Germany. At this time, she had a collection of 300 garments. This dress is one of a number of items donated to the Fashion Collection by Dione McIntyre.The McIntyre Collection of clothing and clothing accessories forms one of the largest single donations to our Fashion & Design collection. It includes clothing and clothing accessories worn by four women in the Cohen and McIntyre families across three generations. The items worn by Melbourne architect, and Kew resident, Dione McIntyre date from the 1960s and 1970s, and include evening wear, day wear, hats and shoes. As Dione McIntyre often accompanied her husband, fellow architect Peter McIntyre, to formal events, there are a number of pieces of evening wear among the items. The McIntyre Collection also includes items worn by women of an earlier generation: by Lilian Cohen, Dione McIntyre's mother, and by her mother-in-law, the wife of the architect Robert McIntyre. At the other end of the chronological spectrum are a number of outfits belonging to, worn and donated by Annie McIntyre. These include outfits created by notable late 20th century Australian and/or international fashion designers. The McIntyre Collection is significant historically and artistically as it includes examples of design that demonstrate changing tastes in fashion over an 80-year period. The collection is also significant in that it includes the work of a large number of Melbourne designers from the 1960s to the 1990s. Long sleeved, pale pink cotton mini dress designed by Norma Tullo with ruffled trims on the bodice and the hem of the skirtLabel: TULLOnorma tullo, australian fashion - 1960s, mcintyre collection, mini-dresses, day dresses

The Chinese School was attached/run by the Town Mission. "THE CHINESE SUNDAY SCHOOL . The opening services of the newly erected Chinese Sunday school building in connection with the Town Mission, were brought to a close on Monday night by a tea and public meeting, held in the Mission Hall. The now building, which presents a very nice appearance, and is an improvement to that part of the Main road, was erected at a cost of £95 ; Mr H. R. Caselli acting as honorary architect, kindly prepared plans, etc. A new front fence was erected at a cost of £l6, which, with all other expenses, amounted to £126 3s 6d. Previously to the present effort collections and subscriptions were obtained as follow; —Mr Burnett's service, £l8 11s 5d; Chinese Sunday school anniversary, £9 16s 10d; concert on Easter Monday, £8 15s; Phoenix Foundry, per Mr Pethard, £7; sub scriptions, £23 8s 6d, leaving a debtor balance of £57 7s 9d. The. collections on Sunday were good. Mr Lee Young, of the Chinese store, Main road, kindly gave the tea, whioh was a valuable donation. The proceeds of the tea meeting will be about £l0. The building was prettily decorated by Mr Chessell, Mrs King Hook, and the gir!s.connected with the sohool. Mr Moorshead, the caterer, gave all the school children tea gratis- Mrs Lee Young, Miss Emma Lee Young. Miss G. Kay, Miss J. Hong Gong, Mrs King Hook, Mrs Stoneman, and Mrs Pethard waited at tables. Mr M. D. Morgan presided at the public meeting in the Mission Hall, and was supported platform by the Mayor of Ballarat East, the Revs. J. White, J. J. Perrin, and E. Turner, who delivered excellent and suitable speeches; but previously, however, offers of donations - to clear off the debt were made by Mr D. Ham, £10; the chairman, £5; Mr and Mrs Whitrick, £2 17s; a number of donors of £1 each, and less sums, which, with the collec tions, amounted to £58 16s 7d. This sum, with the sale of the cottage.on the ground, clears the debt, and leaves the com mittee a few pounds in hand towards lining and seating the building. A pleas ing feature in the meeting was the hearty giving of several Chinese Christians, including Mr Le Young; also singing by the Chinese chil dren, led by Mr Pethard. When the result was made known tbe whole, meeting stood and sang —“ Praise God from whom all blessings flow," for the success in having the place opened free of debt. Votes of thanks were passed to Mr Caselli, and all who took part in the effort: and one of the happiest meetings ever hold by the mission was brought to a close by again singing the doxology and the benediction." Ballarat Star, 27 February 1885)Black and white image of a weather board school known as the Chinese School, Ballarat.chinese school, ballarat, ballarat town and city mission, chinese, education, school, chinese sunday school

The Boroondara General Cemetery is registerd by Heritage VictoriaFrom Heritage Victoria Statement of Significance Last updated on - December 15, 2005 What is significant? Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society. Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Street was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known. The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end. The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior. By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia. The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect. The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum. Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii') Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria. The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery. How is it significant? Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria. Why is it significant? The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery. The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment. The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907. The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement. The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea') is the only known example in Victoria. The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.Digital image of the Springthorpe Memorial in the Boroondara General Cemeterycemetery, boroondara, kew, gatehouse, clock, tower, clocktower, heritage, memorial, springthorpe memorial

The Boroondara General Cemetery is registerd by Heritage VictoriaFrom Heritage Victoria Statement of Significance Last updated on - December 15, 2005 What is significant? Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society. Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Street was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known. The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end. The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior. By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia. The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect. The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum. Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii') Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria. The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery. How is it significant? Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria. Why is it significant? The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery. The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment. The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907. The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement. The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea') is the only known example in Victoria. The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.Digital imagescemetery, boroondara, kew, gatehouse, clock, tower, clocktower, heritage, memorial, cussen

The Boroondara General Cemetery is registered by Heritage Victoria. The Henty's were some of the earliest settlers in Victoria.From Heritage Victoria Statement of Significance Last updated on - December 15, 2005 What is significant? Boroondara Cemetery, established in 1858, is within an unusual triangular reserve bounded by High Street, Park Hill Road and Victoria Park, Kew. The caretaker's lodge and administrative office (1860 designed by Charles Vickers, additions, 1866-1899 by Albert Purchas) form a picturesque two-storey brick structure with a slate roof and clock tower. A rotunda or shelter (1890, Albert Purchas) is located in the centre of the cemetery: this has an octagonal hipped roof with fish scale slates and a decorative brick base with a tessellated floor and timber seating. The cemetery is surrounded by a 2.7 metre high ornamental red brick wall (1895-96, Albert Purchas) with some sections of vertical iron palisades between brick pillars. Albert Purchas was a prominent Melbourne architect who was the Secretary of the Melbourne General Cemetery from 1852 to 1907 and Chairman of the Boroondara Cemetery Board of Trustees from 1867 to 1909. He made a significant contribution to the design of the Boroondara Cemetery Boroondara Cemetery is an outstanding example of the Victorian Garden Cemetery movement in Victoria, retaining key elements of the style, despite overdevelopment which has obscured some of the paths and driveways. Elements of the style represented at Boroondara include an ornamental boundary fence, a system of curving paths which are kerbed and follow the site's natural contours, defined views, recreational facilities such as the rotunda, a landscaped park like setting, sectarian divisions for burials, impressive monuments, wrought and cast iron grave surrounds and exotic symbolic plantings. In the 1850s cemeteries were located on the periphery of populated areas because of concerns about diseases like cholera. They were designed to be attractive places for mourners and visitors to walk and contemplate. Typically cemeteries were arranged to keep religions separated and this tended to maintain links to places of origin, reflecting a migrant society. Other developments included cast iron entrance gates, built in 1889 to a design by Albert Purchas; a cemetery shelter or rotunda, built in 1890, which is a replica of one constructed in the Melbourne General Cemetery in the same year; an ornamental brick fence erected in 1896-99(?); the construction and operation of a terminus for a horse tram at the cemetery gates during 1887-1915; and the Springthorpe Memorial built between 1897 and 1907. A brick cremation wall and a memorial rose garden were constructed near the entrance in the mid- twentieth century(c.1955-57) and a mausoleum completed in 2001.The maintenance shed/depot close to High Street was constructed in 1987. The original entrance was altered in 2000 and the original cast iron gates moved to the eastern entrance of the Mausoleum. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522) set at the entrance to the burial ground commemorates Annie Springthorpe, and was erected between 1897 and 1907 by her husband Dr John Springthorpe. It was the work of the sculptor Bertram Mackennal, architect Harold Desbrowe Annear, landscape designer and Director of the Melbourne Bortanic Gardens, W.R. Guilfoyle, with considerable input from Dr Springthorpe The memorial is in the form of a small temple in a primitive Doric style. It was designed by Harold Desbrowe Annear and includes Bertram Mackennal sculptures in Carrara marble. Twelve columns of deep green granite from Scotland support a Harcourt granite superstructure. The roof by Brooks Robinson is a coloured glass dome, which sits within the rectangular form and behind the pediments. The sculptural group raised on a dais, consists of the deceased woman lying on a sarcophagus with an attending angel and mourner. The figure of Grief crouches at the foot of the bier and an angel places a wreath over Annie's head, symbolising the triumph of immortal life over death. The body of the deceased was placed in a vault below. The bronze work is by Marriots of Melbourne. Professor Tucker of the University of Melbourne composed appropriate inscriptions in English and archaic Greek lettering.. The floor is a geometric mosaic and the glass dome roof is of Tiffany style lead lighting in hues of reds and pinks in a radiating pattern. The memorial originally stood in a landscape triangular garden of about one acre near the entrance to the cemetery. However, after Dr Springthorpe's death in 1933 it was found that transactions for the land had not been fully completed so most of it was regained by the cemetery. A sundial and seat remain. The building is almost completely intact. The only alteration has been the removal of a glass canopy over the statuary and missing chains between posts. The Argus (26 March 1933) considered the memorial to be the most beautiful work of its kind in Australia. No comparable buildings are known. The Syme Memorial (1908) is a memorial to David Syme, political economist and publisher of the Melbourne Age newspaper. The Egyptian memorial designed by architect Arthur Peck is one of the most finely designed and executed pieces of monumental design in Melbourne. It has a temple like form with each column having a different capital detail. These support a cornice that curves both inwards and outwards. The tomb also has balustradings set between granite piers which create porch spaces leading to the entrance ways. Two variegated Port Jackson Figs are planted at either end. The Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036) was constructed in 1912-13 by Sir Leo Cussen in memory of his young son Hubert. Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933), judge and member of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1906. was buried here. The family memorial is one of the larger and more impressive memorials in the cemetery and is an interesting example of the 1930s Gothic Revival style architecture. It takes the form of a small chapel with carvings, diamond shaped roof tiles and decorated ridge embellishing the exterior. By the 1890s, the Boroondara Cemetery was a popular destination for visitors and locals admiring the beauty of the grounds and the splendid monuments. The edge of suburban settlement had reached the cemetery in the previous decade. Its Victorian garden design with sweeping curved drives, hill top views and high maintenance made it attractive. In its Victorian Garden Cemetery design, Boroondara was following an international trend. The picturesque Romanticism of the Pere la Chaise garden cemetery established in Paris in 1804 provided a prototype for great metropolitan cemeteries such as Kensal Green (1883) and Highgate (1839) in London and the Glasgow Necropolis (1831). Boroondara Cemetery was important in establishing this trend in Australia. The cemetery's beauty peaked with the progressive completion of the spectacular Springthorpe Memorial between 1899 and 1907. From about the turn of the century, the trustees encroached on the original design, having repeatedly failed in attempts to gain more land. The wide plantations around road boundaries, grassy verges around clusters of graves in each denomination, and most of the landscaped surround to the Springthorpe memorial are now gone. Some of the original road and path space were resumed for burial purposes. The post war period saw an increased use of the Cemetery by newer migrant groups. The mid- to late- twentieth century monuments were often placed on the grassed edges of the various sections and encroached on the roadways as the cemetery had reached the potential foreseen by its design. These were well tended in comparison with Victorian monuments which have generally been left to fall into a state of neglect. The Boroondara Cemetery features many plants, mostly conifers and shrubs of funerary symbolism, which line the boundaries, road and pathways, and frame the cemetery monuments or are planted on graves. The major plantings include an impressive row of Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus torulosa), interplanted with Sweet Pittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), and a few Pittosporum crassifolium, along the High Street and Parkhill Street, where the planting is dominated by Sweet Pittosporum. Planting within the cemetery includes rows and specimen trees of Bhutan Cypress and Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), including a row with alternate plantings of both species. The planting includes an unusual "squat" form of an Italian Cypress. More of these trees probably lined the cemetery roads and paths. Also dominating the cemetery landscape near the Rotunda is a stand of 3 Canary Island Pines (Pinus canariensis), a Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii) and a Weeping Elm (Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii') Amongst the planting are the following notable conifers: a towering Bunya Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a rare Golden Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea'), two large Funeral Cypress (Chamaecyparis funebris), and the only known Queensland Kauri (Agathis robusta) in a cemetery in Victoria. The Cemetery records, including historical plans of the cemetery from 1859, are held by the administration and their retention enhances the historical significance of the Cemetery. How is it significant? Boroondara Cemetery is of aesthetic, architectural, scientific (botanical) and historical significance to the State of Victoria. Why is it significant? The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical and aesthetic significance as an outstanding example of a Victorian garden cemetery. The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance as a record of Victorian life from the 1850s, and the early settlement of Kew. It is also significant for its ability to demonstrate, through the design and location of the cemetery, attitudes towards burial, health concerns and the importance placed on religion, at the time of its establishment. The Boroondara Cemetery is of architectural significance for the design of the gatehouse or sexton's lodge and cemetery office (built in stages from 1860 to 1899), the ornamental brick perimeter fence and elegant cemetery shelter to the design of prominent Melbourne architects, Charles Vickers (for the original 1860 cottage) and Albert Purchas, cemetery architect and secretary from 1864 to his death in 1907. The Boroondara Cemetery has considerable aesthetic significance which is principally derived from its tranquil, picturesque setting; its impressive memorials and monuments; its landmark features such as the prominent clocktower of the sexton's lodge and office, the mature exotic plantings, the decorative brick fence and the entrance gates; its defined views; and its curving paths. The Springthorpe Memorial (VHR 522), the Syme Memorial and the Cussen Memorial (VHR 2036), all contained within the Boroondara Cemetery, are of aesthetic and architectural significance for their creative and artistic achievement. The Boroondara Cemetery is of scientific (botanical) significance for its collection of rare mature exotic plantings. The Golden Funeral Cypress, (Chamaecyparis funebris 'Aurea') is the only known example in Victoria. The Boroondara Cemetery is of historical significance for the graves, monuments and epitaphs of a number of individuals whose activities have played a major part in Australia's history. They include the Henty family, artists Louis Buvelot and Charles Nuttall, businessmen John Halfey and publisher David Syme, artist and diarist Georgiana McCrae, actress Nellie Stewart and architect and designer of the Boroondara and Melbourne General Cemeteries, Albert Purchas.Digital imagescemetery, boroondara, kew, gatehouse, clock, tower, clocktower, heritage, memorial, henty, james henty