Kew achieved independence from the Boroondara Roads Board in 1860. As a new municipality, its first three leaders were designated as chairmen. On becoming a borough in 1863, its leaders were identified as mayors. The earliest photographs date from ca.1906, when the Town of Kew commissioned the noted local photographer Josiah E Barnes to produce standardised portraits of former mayors to be displayed in the Mayoral Chamber of the Town Hall. The collection also includes photographs by other well-known photographic studios such as Burlington Studios, Melba – Melbourne, Stuart Tompkins, Spencer Shier and Talma & Co. The majority of mounts identify the photographer. Eighty photographs are housed in their original frames.This portrait is one of a series of mounted and framed photographic portraits of mayors and town clerks of the former Borough, Town and City of Kew. The portraits were transferred by the City of Kew to the Kew Historical Society in March 1989. A Significance Assessment in 2018, funded by the National Library of Australia confirmed the historic, and often artistic significance of the series.Framed portrait of Cr. W.R. Rucker, Mayor of Kew 1913-14. The mounting and framing of the photograph follows a typical layout or style in that each is framed in dark wood, glazed, and laid down on an inscribed board. The inscription identifies the name of the mayor and the year/s that he/she served.W.R. Rucker / Mayor 1913-14mayors of kew (vic), cr. w.r. rucker, australian photographers - josiah earl barnes, kew (vic.) — municipal collection

From Front cover - "Men ... of the 2/14 Battalion" "The human face of a fighting unit in the Second World War". Item in the collection re Jack Adams FINLAY, Chaplain, VX133078. Refer Cat No.11004.2 for his service details.Hardcover book with dustcover. Hardcover - cardboard, brown coloured buckram with white coloured print on front and spine. Front illustration - colour patch of 2/14 Battalion. Rectangular shape, yellow over dark blue on grey diamond shaped patch. Dustcover - paper, white and black print, front, spine and back. Dark brown background with black silhouette of marching servicemen. Illustrated with 2/14 Battalion colour patch. 525 pages, cut, plain white coloured paper. Illustrated, black and white photographs and cartoon sketches. publications, books, military history, 2/14 battalion, ww2

Lifeboat crew football team 19131913 Football TeamPhoto of 1913 Queenscliffe football team B&W photo.Reverse " FOOTBALL TEAM - 1913 "lifeboat 'queenscliffe', lifeboat crew, football team

PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT CLUNES SHOW NOV 1913. THE GROWN TOGETHER CHILDREN WERE THE EXTRAORDINARY ATTRACTION. ALIVE ALIVE..1 BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT CLUNES SHOW NOVEMBER 28 1913. STRIPED TENT HOUSING EXTRA ORDINARY ATTRACTIONS. .2 second photo same as above , laminated. Clunes Show Nov 28 1913photographs, clunes show, clunes show 1913

Running Creek had a cricket team in 1913-14.The donor Genieve was the granddaughter of Ella Sullivan. Ella was one of 5 daughters of Denis and Margaret (nee Tolmie) Sullivan who lived at Tawonga (Coral Bank). 'Sullivan's Lane'. Ella married John (Jack) Fahey and they lived for some time at Fahey's Lane, Running Creek. J. Fahey is listed as Captain in the photo. The child's name is not known but it is possible it's Jack's son by the sitting position.Sepia coloured large photo of 13 Cricketers and 2 men, one at each end. Underneath the photo is the name of the event and the names of the cricketers and umpire. The photo is mounted on grey cardboard with 'Vine's Studios' and 'Wangaratta' inscribed. running creek, cricket team in 1913-14 in the kiewa valley, genieve meyer

SEPIA PHOTOGRAPH OF CLUNES SHOW NOV. 28 1913 - SECTION OF CROWD WATCHING PARADE OF HORSES.CLUNES SHOW NOV. 28 1913local history, photographs, events and celebrations, clunes show, 1913

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Blackburn for the purpose of advertising 14 Jaques GVE., Forest Hill, This property is listed as having sold for $157,000 in 1993. The house depicted in this artwork is no longer standing. Having been demolished and a new house built in its place between the time of this artworks creation in 1993 and 2024. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 14 Jaques Grv., Forest Hill, depicting a single story brick house set back from a low fence and front yard, with a driveway on the right. There are two hole punch holes centre near the upper edge.14 Jaques Grv., Forest Hill Margaret Picken- 93 Woodards - B/Burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by the real estate agency Woodards Blackburn for the purpose of advertising 14 Calypso Crt., Forest Hill This property is listed as having sold for $220,000 in 1994. Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 14 Calypso Crt., Forest Hill of a two story house with a double garage in the background. A flat roofed two story house with garage. On the left is the driveway, and on the right a front lawn with garden beds and trees. There are two hole punch holes along the top edge.14 Calypso Crt., Forest Hill Margaret Picken -94 Woodards - B/Burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, forest hill

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 14 Manorwood Plc. Mitcham. This property is listed as having sold for $240,000 in 1997 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of 14 Manorwood Plc. Mitcham depicting a black and white line drawing of a multi level brick house with weatherboard feature at the windows. There is a driveway curving from the righthand side of the foreground up to a built in garage, with garden either side of the driveway. There are two holepunch holes centred just under the upper edge14 Manorwood Plc. Mitcham Margaret Picken -97 Woodards - b/burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, mitcham

Digital copy of photograph of the Whittlesea Agricultural Society's Show Committee 1913Inscription on back of photograph: Mr J Thomas Whittlesea Show Committee 1913

CLUNES SHOW HELD ANNUALY IN CLUNES SHOWGROUNDS FOR OVER A CENTUARY.SEPIA PHOTOGRAPHS OF PEOPLE ATTENDING CLUNES SHOW. NOV. 28th. 1913 DAYSON AND HEWITT, LONDON TENT IN CENTRE OF PICTURE - HORSE DRAWN BUGGIES AND GIGS ON DISPLAY.CLUNES SHOW. NOV. 28th. 1913photographs, events and celebrations, clunes show 1913

G W Simpson C/- Carshalton House Stoneham Street Golden Square 3555Blue buckram hard cover with loose paper (illustrated) & plastic cover over black & white photos. 336 pages.books, military history

Brown buckram with loose paper & plastic illustrated cover, black & white photos & illustrations, 525 pages.books, military history

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 14 Worrell St., Nunawading This property is listed as having sold for $130,000 in 1992 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black white line drawing line drawing of a single story weatherboard house with large verandah and porch. On the right is a driveway leading to a connected carport in the background. In the foreground on the right hand side is a front yards with shrubs. There are two hole punch holes just below centre of the upper edge14 Worrell St Nunawading Margaret Picken -92 Woodards - Boxhillwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

Token presented to the postmistress Miss Marianne Thomson from the citizens of Ringwood, 1st August 1913.Presentation to postmistress Miss Mariannie Thomson, signed by the citizens of Ringwood on 1st August 1913. (Also known as Marianne)This token of Our esteem is presented to You by the Undermentioned Citizens of Ringwood on Your retirement from the position of Postmistress after thirty Years Honourable Service. We take this Opportunity of thanking You for Your very many Acts of Kindness and Courtesy. And in conclusion trusting that You will be long spared to enjoy the Rest You have so faithfully earned. We have the privilege of Subscribing Ourselves. Yours very Sincerely, 1st August 1913. A.J.B.Aird, J.G.Aird, W.Aitken, J.C.Allan, H.E.B.Armstrong, L.F.Armstrong, A.D.Anderson, G.Anderson, M.Anderson, O.Anderson, T.Anderson, F.Baker, Bamford Bros, J.W.Barrett, E.Baxter, J.Bienvenu, A.Blood, G.Blood, H.Blood, I.Blood, S.Blood, W.J.Blood, L.Brakewell, G.Bray, G.T.Bruce, Mrs.Bruce, T.Burrows, W.H.Chamberlain, A.Chivers, R.E.Clarke, F.Clayton, J.Cooper, J.Cornelt, W.J.Craig, M.A.Crusswell, W.Cutts, Mrs W.Cutts, A.Daniel, F.Daniel, G.G.Davey, E.Davis, O.Delaney, M.Dickson, E.J.Evans, H.L.Falconer, N.Falconer, T.Falconer, T.S.Falconer, J.C.Fitzpatrick, P.Fitzpatrick, Mr.Geraghty, Mrs.Geraghty, H.Gerlach, A.Gowty, M.A.Grant, T.Grant J.P, M.R.Grant, A.E.Grant, T.W.Grant, A.D.Guthrie, H.Hamilton, C.Hams, A.Hann, E.Hann, Mrs.E.Hann, E.L.Hann, J.Hann, Harding, K.Henriques, J.Higginson, J.Hill, W.Hill, W.Hone, G.B.Howship, P.Howship, H.C.Howship, S.J.Kennedy, E.Keogh, J.P.Kiernan, A.King, Mrs.A.King, A.Kleinert, J.Knox Jr., T.Knox, H.C.Jones, J.Jones, T.H.Justice, W.N.Lamont, A.T.Langley, Mrs.Langley, F.D.Laurie, R.C.Layton, L.Leadbeater, A.Lindsay, J.Lothian, A.Loughnan, B.Mackinlay, E.Mackinlay, H.Mackinlay, W.Mackinlay, W.R.Mackinlay, C.L.Madden, N.Madden, J.J.Maggs, Miss.D.Maggs, A.Matthews, A.H.Miles, A.T.Miles, L.C.Miles, C.E.Miles, R.F.Miles, S.D.Miles, W.E.Miles, C.Mills, E.A.Milne, E.Molloy, J.Muldowney, M.Murphy, B.B.McAlpin, J.B.McAlpin, E.M.McDermott, W.McEwan, J.McGillivray, M.McGillivray, I.McLean, M.McGillivray, Miss McNamara, B.McSweeney, E.Parker, J.Parker, J.T.Pickett, E.Pollard, F.R.Pollard, H.Pollard, D.Porteus, OJ.Pratt, Mrs.OJ.Pratt, V.Rooney, V.T.Rooney, E.Russell, S.Scales, W.Smith, W.G.Smith, H.Stephenson, A.Stowell, R.Sutherland, Mrs.R.Sutherland, T.D.Thorne, J.Trainor, S.Unsworth, Miss.Unsworth, C.E.Walden, A.E.Walker, C.Wedge, G.T.Wiggin, E.White, J.M.White, F.Wilkins, J.Wilkins, R.G.Wilkins, E.Williams, C.R.Williams, L.Williams, P.G.Williams, T.V.Williams, W.G.Williams, W.S.Williams, Mrs.W.S.Williams, W.S.Williams Jr., D.Wright, M.Wright, A.D.Young, M.M.Young, P.T.Young, P.T.Young Jr., E.M.Davis, M.McAlpin, R.Sutton, E.W.Taylor. Also Miss Marianne Thomson

1913 scene looking up to Mountjoy Guest House at the Kalorama Gap (FiveWays). Post Office and tea rooms with white picket fence. Jeeves Coach on the road. This photograph has a detailed inscription on the back handwritten by John Lundy-Clarke in 1974. The Gap Kalorama 1913. ‘Mountjoy’ guest house. Mount Dandenong North Post Office. Jeeves coach.fiveways, mountjoy, post office, mt dandenong north, the gap, jeeves, coach

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 3 Lynne St., Nunawading. This property is listed as having sold for $510,000 in 2003 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a two story rendered house. On the left is a driveway leading toa garage in the background. In the right hand foreground is a front garden.14 Milton St., Nunawading Picken © 2002 Fletcherswhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 3 Lynne St., Nunawading. This property is listed as having sold for $118,000 in 1991 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story weatherboard house, with a driveway on the right leading to a separate garage in the background. In the foreground is a front garden, with garden beds and central tree. There are two holepunch holes on just under the upper edge.14 Mardion Dve., Nunawading Margaret Picken - 91 Woodards - Boxhillwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

Lavers Hill Cheese Factory operated from 1906 until about August 1913. It consisted of a factory and a residence, with the managers B. Philbrick, D. McRae and D. McDonald. The ledger, covering the period 1910 until 1913 when the factory closed, deals with cheese sales, local sales, milk purchases and journal entries for this period, as well as wages, cartage and other operating expenditure. The Lavers Hill Cheese Factory closed when it became more advantageous to send their cream into Colac. Ledger. Lavers Hill Cheese Factory, 1910-1913.Loose leaf: Lavers Hill Cheese Factory; Purchases Butterfat, 1910-11; contents; Manufacturing A/c.lavers hill; cheese; factory; butter;

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 5/16 Florence St., Nunawading This property is listed as having sold for $125,000 in 1996 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story brick house with a driveway on right leading to a picket gate. On the left is a low brick fence enclosing a front garden with a central gumtree. There are two holepunch holes centred just under the upper edge.14 Gerald St., Nunawading Margaret Picken - 96 Woodards - B/Burnwhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

A property illustration by Margaret Picken Commissioned by a real estate agency for the purpose of advertising 10 Holberry St., Nunawading. This property is listed as having sold for $139,000 in 1992 Made by using Rotring ‘Rapidigraph’ drafting pens with Rotring ink on Rapidigraph polyester drafting film, double matte. Trained as a cartographic draftsman within the mining industry, Margaret Picken is an artist who worked producing property illustrations for real estate agencies in eastern suburbs of Victoria from 1983-2005. Retiring from the industry as technological changes favored coloured photography over illustrations, and commissioning companies over sole contractors.This artwork is of Historical Significance as a record of local domestic architecture.A black ink line drawing on drafters film by Margaret Picken, of a black and white line drawing of a single story weatherboard house house with corrugated roof, and facia board. On the right is a driveway is a leading to a gate. In the foreground is a picket fence, enclosing a front yard. There are two holepunch holes on just under the upper edge.14 Holberry St., Nunawading Margaret Picken © 2002 Fletchers Real Estatewhitehorse historical society, schwerkolt cottage, housing, architecture, margaret picken, house, garden, real estate, nunawading

This microfilm produced in 1988 is a duplicate of the original Microfilmspooled roll of 35mm film in a cardboard boxrates, public records, 1909-1910 to 1928-1929, missing 1910-11 1913-14 to 1916-17

Victorian Municipal Directory and Gazetter; also Commonwealth Guide and the Water Supply Record for 1914. Green cloth-covered hardback with black leather spine and corners edged with gilt. Title page loose, spine separating from body. Leather has separated from spine at the front.Front cover, 'Cr. Henry Rooks' in gilt printing. Front flyleaf, 'MR. W.' hand printed.victorian directory

Murray Comrie Collection. A monochrome photograph depicting children assembled for a class photo at Tarnagulla School. Mounted onto heavy dark brown card. Handwritten on reverse: '1913?'tarnagulla, schools, children

Set of Books commonly called 'As You Were' from WW1 and WW2. Green cloth. .1) Australia in Palestine (WWI) Book, hard cover, cardboard in centre of cover is silhouette of a Light Horseman & horse. Print is black ink, 153 pages. Illustrated with photos, drawings & maps. .2) These Eagles. Story of the RAAF at War. Book, green hard buckram cover, 200 pages. Front cover has black print with outline drawing of an eagle. Illustrated with photos, drawings. .3) RAAF Log - The RAAF at War. Book, green buckram hard cover. Front has profile of a pilot, black print, 200 pages, illustrated with photos, maps. paintings & drawings. .4) RAAF SAAG - The RAAF at War. Front cover has drawing of 2 Fighter Pilots in black ink, black print. 200 pages, illustrated with photos, drawings & paintings. Book, green buckram hard cover. Front cover has drawing of 2 Fighter pilots, black print, 200 pages, photos, drawings & paintings. .5) Victory Roll - The RAAF at War. Book, green buckram, black print, 200 pages, photos, drawings & charts. .6) HMAS Green buckram hard cloth cover, cloth cover with black text. 200 pages, black & white print, black text on white paper. .7) HMAS Mk II. Book, green buckram hard cover, black & white text on white paper. 200 pages, illustrated colour prints. .8) HMAS Mk III Book , green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper. 200 pages, illustrated colour prints. .9) HMAS Mk IV Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper. Illustrated colour prints. .10) Active Service with Australia in the Middle East. Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 129 pages. .11) Soldering on the Australian Army at Home & Overseas. Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 200 pages. Rising Sun badge at bottom right hand corner. Illustrated with black & white photos, paintings, maps & drawings. .12) Khaki & Green with the Australian Army at Home & Overseas. Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 204 pages. Front cover has a layout of words khaki & green, 2nd tone in light yellow. Illustrated with black & white photos, paintings, & drawings. .13) Jungle Warfare with the Australian Army in the South West Pacific. Book, brown buckram hard cover, light brown ink. Image at bottom of Australian soldier in jungle, 208 pages. Illustrated with photos, paintings, maps & drawings. .14) Stand Easy. After the Defeat of Japan, 1945. Book, light green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 208 pages. Image of soldier, both arms outstretched, smiling. Illustrated with photos, maps, paintings, & drawings. .15 On Guard with the Volunteer Defence Corps. Book, green & black buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 172 pages. Illustrated with colour prints, & black & white photos. .16) As You Were. A Cavalcade of Events with The Australian Services from 1788 to 1946. Book, green buckram hard cover, tan & black text on white paper, 202 pages. Illustrated with black & white photos & colour prints. .17) As You Were. A Cavalcade of Events with The Australian Services from 1788 to 1947. Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 202 pages. Illustrated with black & white photos & colour prints. .18) As You Were. A Cavalcade of Events with The Australian Services from 1788 to 1948. Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 202 pages. Illustrated with black & white photos & colour prints. .19) As You Were. A Cavalcade of Events with The Australian Services from 1788 to 1949. Book, green buckram hard cover, green text on white paper, red & green diagram, 194 pages. Illustrated with black & white photos & colour prints. .20) Signals. Story of the Australian Corps of Signals. Book, green buckram hard cover, black text on white paper, 196 pages. In the corner of the front cover is the badge with motif of the Australian Corps of Signals. Illustrated with photos & drawings..1) 4214 TPR J E Neilson Year 1919 F E Addlem 1962 .books-military, museums, history

Mr Alfred Morton with his sisters, brothers and friends camping at Carrum in the 1890's. This area was later called Chelsea. Alfred Louis Morton (known as Louis) was born in Geelong in 1866, the fifth of eleven children of Mark Morton and Eliza nee Heard (married 1898). Alfred began work for the Post Office at South Yarra in the 1890s. In the late 1800s it was common for people from Melbourne and north of the city to travel to Chelsea area beaches for their holidays and many liked the area so much that, like the Mortons, they moved here permanently. In the 1890s Alfred’s sister, Mrs William Ashmore, built a weekend house at the foot of what is now Foy Avenue in Chelsea. The Morton family, including Alfred, visited the area often, camping on the foreshore during the 1890s. In 1911 Alfred moved his family permanently to a house on the corner of Morton Grove and Main Road Chelsea (now known as the Nepean Highway) on property that extended from the main road to the beach. This house was destroyed in the fire of 22 December 1913 which raged amongst the ti-tree on the foreshore between Aspendale and Chelsea. Many buildings were destroyed in this fire. The Argus newspaper reported on Wednesday 24 December that 94 houses were burnt with glowing embers blown a mile and half inland. According to the Argus but for the wide break provided by the Point Nepean Road (now the Nepean Highway) and the railway line, the scrub on the other side might have caught. The Morton children, Elsa and Ivan, attended Chelsea State School (now Chelsea Primary School) and Mrs Morton was active in the establishment of St Chad’s Church of England in Chelsea. At the age of 80 in 1945 Mr Morton was concerned about reports that English children had lost their toys due to the war and so he made (as part of a wider effort in Australia) 100 toy engines that were sent to England. He died in 1946 in Chelsea.Sepia photo of members of the Morton family sitting on their land after the fires in Chelsea, 1913.morton, chelsea, carrum, verandah, fires