These essays have been written by Walter Murdoch, a distinguished Australian academic and essayist. Murdoch (1874-1970) gained an Arts Degree at the University of Melbourne, with first class honours in philosophy and logic. In 1901 he came to Warrnambool, going into partnership with James Scott as proprietors of a private school, Warrnambool College. They bought out Warrnambool Grammar School, previously run by John Stanley. When Scott retired Murdoch became the sole proprietor and headmaster. While in Warrnambool Murdoch continued to write for Melbourne newspapers and published a book, ‘The Struggle for Freedom’ which covers English and Australian constitutional history. This book sold 10,000 copies in its first year. In 1904 Murdoch left Warrnambool to take up a lecturing position in English at the University of Melbourne. He went on to become the foundation Professor of English at the University of Western Australia and later its Chancellor. Murdoch University in Western Australia is named after him. Murdoch became a household name in Australia through his radio broadcasts and syndicated articles and literary columns in several Australian newspapers. During his lifetime Murdoch published over 40 works and he was knighted in 1964. This book is of interest as one written by Walter Murdoch who not only is important in Australian literature and academic circles but also has his place in Warrnambool’s history. This is a hard cover book of 209 pages. The cover is green with black printing and has an image of a quill outlined in black. The spine is much faded. The book contains a Preface and 28 short essays. The inside cover and the edges of the pages are stained. walter murdoch, warrnambool college (early 20th century), history of warrnambool

Warrnambool has been an attraction for tourists for over 100 years. It has been popular as a coastal resort and today the winter whale season brings more tourists. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries Warrnambool was promoted as a spa and health resort, partly because of its hot and cold sea water baths and partly because of its bracing climate and attractive coastline. Thunder Point, depicted on this item, has been a popular visiting spot for tourists for many years. Buying a high quality ornament such as this one was a popular activity of tourists in the mid 20th century. Tourists today buy souvenir items but the choice and range vary from what was available 80 years ago. This item is retained as an example of a local souvenir bought by tourists in the mid 20th century. This is a small white china mug with a gilt edging or strip around the top opening rim, the base and the handle. There is a colour image of a seascape in blue, yellow and black on the side of the mug and the maker’s name on the base.‘Victoria Fine China’tourism in warrnambool, souvenir china items 20th century, history of warrnambool

This book contains essays written by Walter Murdoch in 1935. Walter Logie Forbes Murdoch (1874-1970) had a distinguished academic career and became Australia’s best-known essayist. He was a household name to two generations of Australians through his radio broadcasts and syndicated literary columns in several Australian newspapers. In 1901 Walter Murdoch came to Warrnambool, going into partnership with James Scott, the Headmaster of Warrnambool College. They bought out Stanley’s Warrnambool Grammar School. When Scott retired Murdoch became the sole owner and Headmaster of the school. While in Warrnambool Murdoch wrote a textbook, ‘The Struggle for Freedom’, a book which covers English constitutional history and has chapters on Australian government at all levels including the new Federal Government. In 1904 Murdoch left Warrnambool to take up a position lecturing in English at Melbourne University. He went on to become the foundation Professor of English at the University of Western Australia and later its Chancellor. Murdoch University in Western Australia is named after him. Murdoch published over 40 books, one of which is the collection of essays called’ Moreover’. He was knighted in 1964. This book is of interest as an example of the writings of Walter Murdoch, an important Australian literary figure who was a resident of warrnamboo and proprietor of a private school in the town in the early 1900s. This is a hard cover book of 252 pages. The cover is green with an image of a quill pen on the front cover. The book has a preface, a contents page, 33 essays by Walter Murdoch and an index. There are no photographs or illustrations to accompany the text.Inside front page: A bookplate with the name ‘Dot’, a sketch of a Father Christmas and ‘25/12/35, Merry Xmas! Collin’. walter murdoch, australian literature, warrnambool college (early 20th century), history of warrnambool

This a school text book edited by Walter Logie Forbes Murdoch (1874-1970). He had a distinguished academic career and is regarded as one of Australia’s best essayists. He was a household name to two generations of Australians through his radio broadcasts and syndicated literary columns in several Australian newspapers. He was in Warrnambool early in the 20th century as the proprietor of a private school. In 1904 he left Warrnambool to take up a lecturing position at Melbourne University. He went on to become the foundation Professor of English at the University of Western Australia and later its Chancellor. Murdoch University in Western Australia is named after him. He was knighted in 1964. He published over 40 books. This book is of interest because it was edited by Walter Murdoch, an important figure in Australian literature and a man who played a part in Warrnambool’s history. In 1901 Murdoch came to Warrnambool, going into partnership with James Scott, the proprietor of Warrnambool College. They bought out Stanley’s Warrnambool Grammar School. When Scott retired Murdoch became the sole proprietor of the school. While in Warrnambool Murdoch wrote a school history textbook, ‘The Struggle for Freedom’. He left Warrnambool in 1904This is a hard cover book of 448 pages. It has a dark red cover with gold printed letters on the spine and the printing on the front cover is etched into the cover. It has a Prefatory Note, a Contents page, Sections Three and Four containing extracts from English Literature (the book is the Part Two volume) and advertisements at the back for other books published by Thomas Lothian. The book is bound with glue.On the first page: ‘Ada Sheen, State School Fryerstown’.walter murdoch, warrnambool college (early 20th century), history of warrnambool

Index, notes, ill, p.368.non-fictionMany books have been written, and continue to be written, about the Second World War: military histories, histories of the Holocaust, the war in Asia, or collaboration and resistance in Europe. Few books have taken a close look at the immediate aftermath of the worldwide catastrophe.world war 1939-1945 - peace, 20th century - history

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.888.non-fictionThe 20th century is the century of communism and fascism, of debt and prosperity, of the United Nations and nationalistic fervour, of mass demonstrations and individual defiance; and also of the aircraft and the submarine, of the conveyor belt and the computer, of miracle cures and new diseases, and of radio and television. history - modern - 20th century, history - modern - 21st century

Book - Title in large Blue Text and photograph of four amputees. non-fictionwar and literature australia, heroes in literature, australian literature, the 20th. century history and criticism

This is a school literature text book for senior students in Victorian schools in the early to mid 20th century. The editors are Isabella Marshall and John Lyall. Text books such as this one were mass produced and focus on the poems to be studied with a cheap and unattractive format. No information is available on the owner of the book, Ben Knapsey.This book is a good example of the texts used by senior students in Victorian schools in the early to mid 20th century and is retained to be included in our library collection of vintage school text books.This is a soft cover book of 132 pages. It is a school text book for senior classes. It has a blue cover, now faded, with dark blue printing. The pages contain a preface, an introduction, selections of Robert Browning’s poetry, and notes and questions. There are some advertisements for other school text books.Ben Knapsey Form 1Vschool texts in the mid 20th century, history of warrnambool

These measuring glasses would have been used by chemists and doctors for measuring ingredients for medicines and medical preparations. They could also have been used in households. One of the measurements is the drachm which was a unit of weight and a unit of volume (fluid dram) which was an apothecary measurement equivalent to 60 grains or one-eighth of an ounce. Glass measuring containers such as these could still be in use today but plastic containers are also used. These two glasses are of interest as examples of medicine measuring containers used in the 19th and 20th centuries. They will be useful for display. These are two identical clear glass containers used for measuring medicines. The measurements for tablespoons, teaspoons, ounces and drachms are marked on the side of the glass. One glass has a small chip on the upper rim. ‘Table, Tea, Ounces, Drachms’ 19th and 20th century medicine, history of warrnambool, measuring glass, medicine glass

This ink well could have been used in a household or a business office. It would have been an attractive addition to a desk or office and served in a practical way to enclose the ink needed for writing purposes. Today the ink well has been replaced by firstly the use of fountain pens and later, after 1950, the widespread use of ballpoint pens. Although it has no known local provenance this item is retained as an interesting example of an ornamental ink well from100 years ago. This is a brown rectangular-shaped metal stand elevated from the floor by four jutting side pieces. There are two upright semi-circular side metal pieces acting as protective shields. The base of the metal stand has an open fretwork pattern with a circular hole in the middle. This contains a china ink well. It is enclosed by a hinged metal lid. The protective uprights and the metal stand also have ornamental fretwork with patterns of fronds and flowers. The ink well is a little chipped.‘Rd. No. 44197’writing aids 20th century, warrnambool, history of warrnambool

In the early 20th century there were many small machines and instruments developed to use as home cures. These included massage and vibratory instruments and those taking advantage of the growing use of electric currents in the treatment of nervous and mental health issues. This machine was used to produce a electric current to use on the human body to alleviate ailments that included nervous conditions, neuralgia, lumbago, back ache, muscle soreness and even toothache. Developments in allied health treatment saw the waning of the popularity of these kinds of medical aids by the mid 20th century.This machine is of great interest as an example of the items used by people in the late 19th and early 20th century as home cures for all sorts of ailments that afflicted people at the time.This is rectangular wooden box with a lid connected with metal hinges. The inside of the lid has a paper insert with printed material on it. The box has a metal mechanism inside and this includes a metal magnet, a pulley with a rubber belt and two round metal drums covered in dark blue felt. On the outside of the box is a metal handle that is connected to the mechanism inside. There is a metal closing catch on the outside of the box. There are also two wires on the outside of the box with one of these connected to the inside mechanism. The wires have hollow brass cylinders attached to the ends. The box is heavily stained and scuffed.‘Magneto Electric Machine for Nervous & Other Diseases’allied health in early 20th century, warrnambool, history of warrnambool

This envelope has been used at the Warrnambool chemist shop of Harry Shilton to protect the films (snapshots) developed for a customer. Harry Shilton’s shop was at 119 Liebig Street. He took over the pharmacy business of Ralph Barnes in 1937 and Alan Anderson became his business partner in 1953. Mr Shilton retired from the business in 1960. No information is available on the recipient of the photographs (‘Mrs. Leah’)This envelope is retained as a memento of the pharmacy business of Harry Shilton, a mid 20th century chemist in This is a buff-coloured paper envelope with an overlapping flap with adhesive on it for sealing the envelope. The front of the envelope contains black printing (slightly askew) and one pencil mark. ‘Shilton’s Snapshot Service’ ‘Mrs. Leah, 116 film’ warrnambool pharmacies, 20th century photography, history of warrnambool

This camera, made by the American firm of Eastman Kodak, was the best-selling folding camera during the first half of the 20th century. This is the ‘autographic’ model as there is provision at the back of the camera for note-taking. This model was made between 1915 and 1926 and it is called the soldier’s camera because of its compact size. Over 1,000,000 cameras of this type were sold during World War One. This camera belonged to C.C. McNeil of Caramut, a town 55 kilometres north of Warrnambool. This camera is of interest as it belonged to a person from the Warrnambool district and it is a good example of a pocket camera with note-writing facilities. This is a black metal camera in a rectangular shape with rounded edges. It has three glass apertures and a metal winder. It also has an opening shutter at the back of the camera where notes can be written on to the paper backing of the film. The front of the camera opens and a concertina-like metal attachment affixed to the back of the camera can be pulled out to reveal the lens. This is covered in black leather. Printed information etched into the surface can be found in various locations around this camera. Vest Pocket Autographic Kodak U.S. Patents – Mar 4 1902, May 6 1913 Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester N.Y. U.S.A. Celia C. McNeil Caramut 20th century photography, history of warrnambool

This is a book of essays selected by the author, Walter Murdoch, as the ones he most enjoyed writing. Walter Logie Forbes Murdoch (1874-1970) had a distinguished literary and academic career and is regarded as Australia’s best essayist. He was a household name to two generations of Australians through his radio broadcasts and syndicated literary columns in several Australian newspapers. He lived in Warrnambool from 1901 to 1904 as the Headmaster of a private school. He became a lecturer in English at the University of Melbourne and went on to be the foundation Professor of English at the University of Western Australia and later its Chancellor. Murdoch University in Western Australia is named after him and he was knighted in 1964. He published over 40 books. This book is of interest as it was written by Walter Murdoch who was not only important in Australia literature but also has a place in Warrnambool’s history. He came to Warrnambool in 1901, going into partnership with James Scott , the proprietor of a private school, Warrnambool College. They bought out Stanley’s Warrnambool Grammar School and when Scott retired, Murdoch became the sole proprietor and headmaster of Warrnambool College. While he was in Warrnambool Murdoch wrote the highly successful Australia history school text book, ‘The Struggle For Freedom’. He left Warrnambool in 1904. This is a soft cover book of 220 pages. It has a blue cover with a buff-coloured band around the front cover edge with a map of Australia outlined in black at the bottom edge. The book has a preface, 33 essays by Walter Murdoch and an index. The back page is partly torn away and the pages and cover are slightly faded and rubbed. australian literature, walter murdoch, warrnambool college (early 20th century), warrnambool history

Index, ill, p.319.non-fictionA comprehensive encyclopaedia of the worlds navies and their warshipsnavies - history - 20th century, warships - history - 20th century

Index, bib, ill, p.453.non-fictionThis book unravels the complex workings of these deadly secret armies hidden from public scrutinyspecial forces - operations - 20th century, military history - 20th century

Gripping story of guerrilla warfare the men, the tactics and the weapons Guerrillas versus elite military forcesmilitary history, modern - 20th century, guerrillas - history - 20th century

Guerilla tactics are as old as warfare itself, and have always been the last resort of the weak against the strong.guerrilla warfare - history - 20th century, military history, modern - 20th century

From 1845, separate and competing volunteer fire brigades were established in Melbourne and grew in number. Following the passage of the Fire Brigades Act 1890 and the creation of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (MFB) on 1 May 1891, the 56 volunteer brigades that then existed were disbanded and the firefighters were invited to join the MFB. The MFB was abolished in 2020 and the firefighters absorbed into the newly established Fire Rescue Victoria.White coloured rectangular shaped card printed in black on both sides. Hole in top left hand corner.Front Metropolitan Fire Brigade. The Ninth Annual Ball. Orderly Room (Corner of Albert and Gisborne Streets) EAST MELBOURNE, Friday, 11th October, 1901. MFB QUADRILLE. 1st Fig. 1st Set; 3rd Fig, 1st Set; 3rd Fig. Lancers; Spanish Waltz; Circassian Figure. JARRETT'S BAND. J. C. PRICE, M. C. Stewards: MESSRS. H. HARRISON 7 R. GLENNON W. CAVE, Hon. Sec. Back: List of dances, against which some names and initials have been written by handmetropolitan fire brigade, orderly room - east melbourne, jarrett's band, 20th century, melbourne - history

Book - 240 pages + end papers + hard covers + dust jacket titled "Life after Gold - Twenthieth-Century Ballarat" Dust jacket printed in colour, sewn sections, end papers glued to cover. Has table contents, list of illustrations, list of maps, acknowledgements, table of conversions, an index, appendices, abbreviations, notes, bibliography. non-fictionDetails the history of Ballarat following the 19th century gold discoveries and how Ballarat changed its industry and social life in particular after the 1st and 2nd world wars and the change of Government policies in respect of trade and social welfare.ballarat, local history, 20th century social history, social history

These two ledgers contain details on mortgages in the Warrnambool district but the business person or persons associated with the ledgers is unknown. One ledger dates from 1913 to 1925 and the other from 1910 to 1926. The financial dealings of the mortgagees and mortgage brokers are listed in detail and many of the names in the ledgers are well-known historically and include Crisp, Coulstock, Coleston, Flett and Goldstraw. There are also some unfamiliar names worthy of research. These ledgers are of historical interest and have potential value to researchers of local history.These two ledgers have brown covers made of wood with a cloth covering. The pages are attached to the cover by metal inserts with screws and have alphabetical tabs. The pages have red and blue printed lines and handwritten entries in ink. mortgage ledgers warrnambool early 20th century, warrnambool history

A card encouraging customers to give a gift at Christmas to the boy who delivers or sells them their daily newspapers. Undated but perhaps early 20th century.Pink coloured card with greeting, verse and image of Santa Claus printed in blue. Stamped on the back.Printed on front: 'A Merry Xmas and a Happy New Year to You. Once a Year this Christmas comes - But I come round each day; I bring you all the news there is, in a most respectful way. A Christmas Gift just once a Year Would make me mighty glad; Although I'm only young you know - But an Honest Paper Lad. Stamped on rear: 'Cards, Books and Stationery. You will get satisfaction from McArthur's Agency St Kilda. Latest books & periodicals by every mail.'st kilda businesses, 20th century, st kilda - history, mcarthur's agency

Green coloured card printed in black on one side onlyThe Zelda Social Club will hold a Social Gathering on Wednesday ... 1906. At the Prince of Wales Hall, Duke Street, Balaclava, Op. Tram Terminus. Under the strict supervision of Mr. C TROY, Hon Secretary. Visitors only admitted by invitation of Club Members. Recommended by Mr. .....zenda social club, prince of wales hall, balaclava, 20th century, st kilda - history

Clara Jane Matthews was born in 1870 as the eldest daughter of Robert Matthews. She married William Frederick Busse on the 5th of December, 1894 at St Columb’s church, Hawthorn. Clara and her husband lived on Main Street in Chiltern, and her husband was a Clerk of Courts in Chiltern and Wodonga throughout his life. Clara and William also owned a 640 acre farm called Clairedale Park, four miles (6.5km) outside of Barnawartha. They had both crops and sheep on the property, and adopted innovative farming practices. It appears that Clara was heavily involved in the farm business, as she is listed as a purchaser of sheep in multiple stock reports between 1914 and 1918. This is very unusual for the era, as women were not generally involved in stock markets, especially if her husband was still alive. Clara’s husband’s work at the court likely meant that he wasn’t able to travel to the markets in order to purchase stock. Clara’s taking the reigns in this manner was highly unusual, and signals just how strong of a woman she must have been. Clara Busse died in Chiltern in 1968, when she was 98 years old. She is also the mother of Wilfred C Busse, who was an author and a member of the Chiltern Athenaeum. This photograph is of a woman who lived most of her life in Chiltern, and undoubtedly contributed to the community of the town within her 98 years. She will most likely be remembered as the wife of William Frederic Busse, Clerk of Petty Sessions, or as the mother or Wilfred Clarence Busse, author and barrister. Although the records of her time almost entirely connect her with the men of her life, her father, husband and then her son, some digging can reveal that she was an entire person of her own, who broke norms of her time and is worthy of being remembered for her own sake.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on board in a textured metallic frameObverse: Clara Jane Busse / (nee Mathews) / Mother of W. C. Busse / clara jane busse, clara busse, c j busse, busse, women in agriculture, remarkable women, 20th century women, women's history, working women, wilfred busse, wilfred clarence busse

This book was written with the aim of assisting students attending the Fitting and Turning classes at New South Wales Technical Schools early in the 20th century. The book is inscribed with the name ‘N.F.Heazlewood’. This surname is a common one in the 20th century history of Warrnambool, in particular South Warrnambool. But no specific details have been found on N. Heazlewood. This book is mainly of interest because it is a good example of a technical school text book in the first half of the 20th century. It is also of interest as belonging to a member of a family whose name is known in Warrnambool’s history This is a hard cover book of 128 pages. The cover is dark green with a lighter green binding on the outside of the cover. There is black lettering on the front cover. There are blank pages for notes at the back of the book and some trade advertisements at the front of the book. The book has a dedication and a preface. On the first page are a stamp from a publisher and an inscription hand-printed in red ink.‘N.F.Heazlewood’ heazlewood (warrnambool), history of warrnambool

.1 This is a hard cover book of 372 pages with a blue cover and silver printing on the spine. The dust cover has a white and blue background with a photograph of a 19th century policeman, six colour photographs and one black and white photograph. The printing on the dust cover is in white, blue and black. The book contains six chapters and many sketches, illustrations, photographs and graphs. .2 This is a 1986 newspaper cutting from the Warrnambool Standard featuring an article on the book, The People’s Force. A history of the Victorian Police Force up to the late 20th century.victorian police force, warrnambool

In Australia, precious opal is found in Cretaceous age sandstones and mudstones. These sedimentary rocks were deeply weathered and this weathering released silica into the groundwater.Australia is the only part of the world where opalised animal and plant fossils have been found. Opal artefacts several thousands of years old have been discovered in East Africa. As early as 250 BC the Romans prized opals, thought to have come from mines in Eastern Europe, the ancient world's main source of opals. There are many aboriginal dreamtime stories that feature opal. Australian opals discovered during the late 1800's found little favour with European markets but their commercial value increased in the 1900's and in 1932 Australia took over as the major producer of opals in the world and remains the largest producer to this day. Opal is found around the world (Brazil, Mexico, Honduras and the western US) however Australia produces 95% of the world's precious opal and it is our official national gemstone. Opal was first mined commercially at Listowel Downs in Queensland in 1875 and later at White Cliffs in NSW. Today, Coober Pedy (SA) is the main producer of white opal, though in recent years this field has expanded and all types of opals are found. Other centres in SA include Andamooka and Mintabe. Lightning Ridge (NSW) is renowned for black opal and formerly White Cliffs was a large producer of high quality opal. Boulder opals (opals in concretionary ironstone) are mined in Queensland from numerous localities in a zone extending from the Eulo and Cunnamulla district in the south and northwest for a distance of over 700 km to Kynuna in the north. The towns of Quilpie, Yowah and Winton are the main opal mining and wholesale centres. Opals are considered gemstones and have been used in jewellery for thousands of years.Throughout much of history, opals were actually believed to be good luck. The Romans thought that opals were one of the luckiest gemstones and a symbol of hope. In the Middle Ages, opals were believed to be bestowed with all the positive properties of coloured gemstones due to its rainbow-like play of colour. Finally, there is a superstition that you should not wear an opal unless it is your birthstone otherwise misfortune will befall you. This, of course, is far-fetched, but the notion could have been promoted in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries by diamond traders who were trying to increase sales of diamonds and deter people from buying opals. Possibly related to this is the thought that you should set opal jewellery with diamonds as their powers of good fortune will override any negativity held by the opal. The great majority of opal does not show play of colour and is called common opal or potch however this is not the case with a precious opal. Opal is a precious gemstone, like rubies, emeralds or diamonds. Opal is rare, and it is expensive to prospect and mine for.Silica is one of the most common minerals on the planet, but precious opal is very rare – far more rare than diamonds. Precious opal is rare because the natural processes that create it rarely occur.Most (at least 95%) of the opal found by miners is common opal without gem colour. In Australia we call it potch. It can be white, grey, black or amber coloured. Even when a miner finds gem-coloured opal, most of it can’t be cut into gemstones because it’s too thin, or sandy. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.It is not known where this opal originated, except that it is probably from Victoria, as it has been recorded from many localities in the State. Common Opal is formed from silica-rich water circulating through rocks near the Earth’s surface. It consists of minute spheres of silica arranged in different ways. In common opal, the spheres are of different sizes and randomly arranged, unlike in precious opal where the spheres are of similar size and uniformly arranged in three dimensions. These differences account for common opal generally being translucent to opaque and without the play of colours, or opalescence, displayed by precious opal. Common opal is found in many localities and different geological environments throughout Australia and the world. Precious opal requires special conditions to form and is much less common. Australia produces most to the world’s precious opal. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, precious opal, opal, brazil, mexico, honduras, queensland, coober pedy, gemstones, jewellery, play-of-colour, light blue