This pamphlet provides comprehensive information on Memorials around Ballarat dating from May, 1917.Avenues of Honour are unique to Australia and found particularly Victoria. The Ballarat Avenue of Honour is of national importance as the longest and earliest known memorial tree planting of its type.This is an information pamphlet printed on both sides and folded into 3 sections. The headings are written in green and there is a black and white photograph of the Arch of Victory and the Avenue of Honour on the first fold. Over the page, there is a large diagram down the middle of the page, 2 black and white pictures of the righthand side and 2 sketches on the lefthand side of the page.None.john garner, doctor john garner, arch of victory, avenue of honour, heritage information guide, matilda l. thompson, tilly thompson, e.lucas &co pty.ltd, memorial wall project, memorial rotunda and roll of honour, memorial cairn and cross of remembrance, avenue trees and memorial plaques, ballarat city council., john garner collection, gardens, ballarat

The following research was undertaken for the Coat of Arms in the foyer of Ballarat Civic Hall, painted by Angus Henderson. The Ballarat arms were granted on 10 May 1956. The shield is supported by a farmer and a miner and topped by a trident (referring to Britannia and aquatic sports) with sprigs of wattle and begonias either side. The crossed oars against the Eureka flag refer to rowing events in the 1956 Olympic Games. The importance of farming and industry are shown by the sheep and cogwheel while the lyre reflects the City’s commitment to the arts and Royal South Street Society, which contributed to the design of the Civic Hall. The name Ballaarat came from two Aboriginal words: balla and arat, meaning ‘resting place’. At the time of Council amalgamations, May 1994, Ballarat became the name of the new Council. The Latin motto: Cultus: cultivation, care, worship Formar: form, shape, appearance Industria: diligence, activity, industry Zilles Printers was begun by Lewis Zilles in the early 1930s. It was in McKenzie Street Ballarat. His son Jeffrey also became a printer - letterpress, offset and screen printer. The business became Zilles Printers/Graphics and was in Armstrong Street and later Bell Street Ballarat.Small Ballarat coat of armscity of ballarat coat of arms, crest, zilles printers

Beige cover with blue spine. 1052 pages. It includes an index to townships, parishes and Railway stations. non-fictionvictorian municipalities, municipal, councils, water supply, advertisements, aboriginal protection board, agriculture, charities, county court, crown lands and survey, engine drivers board, licensing court, sludge abatement board, cities, towns, boroughs, ballarat, buninyong, gordon, grenville, talbot, traralgon, ballaarat, happy valley, bungaree, daylesford, glenlyon, glenlyon shire, hepburn springs

73.30 page booklet, unbound, held by paper clip. 'Geelong, Ballarat, and Bendigo Economic Audit, draft' July 1995.bendigo, council, city of greater bendigo

City of Bendigo Purchase Requisition, dated from 18/7/1988 to 1723/8/1989. Numbered from 64101 to 64200 Book has a blue and white crocodile skin pattern on the cover. The spine is bound with tan coloured tape. Pages are white with a blue carbon copy. A blue card attached to the back cover is used between each requisition. Purchases and repairs were authorised by J Richmond and J M Crimmins. Purchase Requisitions were used for repairs, stationary, purchase of small equipment and tools.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - purchase requisition book, alan richie, geoff williams, v/line goods, brb electrical, j m crimmins, fletcher & sons ballarat, hume & iser, bp bury, toledo scales, w c bury, mcilwraith, northern seed prymac, abbott supply, r w dixon, waterfall quarries, golden city, bond batteries, dalgety, golden triangle, boltons, primac northern seed, obrien glass, j richmond, toledo scales, agriculture mining services, boltons, abbotts supply, midland irrigation, r fletcher, mcilwraith, cvc cranes, bury, abbotts, all bull, allweld construction, country scales shep., robert plant, dick fletcher, r fletcher, dalgety, toledo, all bull pro forma, peter atkins, john howard, bolton bros stationary, bury b p, mcilwraith, charlton feed lot, j richmond

City of Bendigo Purchase Requisition, dated from 22/7/1988 to 17/7/1989. Numbered from 62301 to 62400. Book has a blue and white crocodile skin pattern on the cover and has Sale yards written in red pen at the top of the front cover The spine is bound with tan coloured tape. Pages are white with a blue carbon copy. A blue card attached to the back cover is used between each requisition. Purchases and repairs were authorised by J Richmond and J M Criminis. Purchase Requisitions were used for repairs, stationary, purchase of small equipment and tools.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - purchase requisition book, debbie smart, alan ritchie, city of bendigo, j richmond, brb electrics, n harris, hume & user, bolton's, fletcher & sons ballarat, w buries, bendigo mower service, bolts and fasteners, all ball?, cig, dalgety farmers, bendigo stainless steel, cattleguard, bp, robot plant, golden square small engines, sandhurst machinery power tools, cambridge press, sandhurst hire, all bull cattle colour, w d mason, data land, rover grip industries, charlie mason, northern seed supply, j m crimmins, beaurepaires, golden triangle, telecom, awm electrical, bendigo bearings, repco, tubemakers, mcilwraith, abbotts, holls electrical, midland irrigation, h j reece, moss electric, bruce's discount house, v comer, paul postema, andrew rosen, peter berens, golden triangle, bbc hardware, all bull, ocean action pty ltd, beth or gill wedmore, compare australia, data land, bendigo computer co, bendigo data processing, j redmond, dalgety, repco

Newspaper cut out from May 1974. Article titled: Council urged to invoke by-laws over gas works. Cr. A.E Mills has called on Ballarat City Council to invoke its by-laws on organisations or contractors excavating footpaths without council permission.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, gas and fuel

CEMA Art Collection Previously located in History HouseA large body of water with a shore line in the foreground on the left. Depicted in shades of grey, the calm water features a patch of white in the centre - reflection. In the background to the right, is a distant view of a small patch of land covered in trees. Behind the land is an out of focus view of mountains in the distance. The top half of the work features a grey cloudy sky. The work has a gilded ornate frame with cardboard and gold mounts and glass.Front: A.S. Murray Label attached to glass front: Presented to Council in 1984 by A.S. Murray Dunrobin Back: W. Hamer 189 Sturt Street Ballarat VICTORIA BUILDINGS, OPPOSITE CITY FIRE BRIGADElandscape

Art Collection Previously located in History HouseThe painting depicts a large body of water surrounded by hills. The body of water extends from the front right corner through to the centre of the work. Predominately depicted in shades of brown, the body of water has a white centre with three birds (swans) sitting on the surface. In the foreground to the left of the water is a riverbank with a large brown tree. The background consists of a large blue/grey hillside and brown cloudless sky. The work has a gilded ornate frame with a gold mount and exposed canvas.Front: A.S. Murray Back: W.HAMER, 189 Sturt Street, Ballarat, VICTORIA BUILDINGS, OPPOSITE CITY FIRE BRIGADElandscape, glenelg river

CEMA Art Collection Previously located in History HouseThe painting depicts a large body of water surrounded by hills and mountains. The work is predominantly grey with the calm grey water of the lake opposed by by the ominous cloudy grey sky. In the foreground is a grassy hill top with several large rocks. The background features a line of distant grey mountains. The work has a gilded ornate frame with no mount and exposed canvas.Front: A. S. Murray Plaque attached to frame: THE GREAT LAKE (TASMANIA) Back: W. HAMER 189 Sturt Street, Ballarat, VICTORIA BUILDINGS OPPOSITE CITY FIRE BRIGADE

Arthur Nicholson former member of the Ballarat School of Mines Council for many years, Councillor of the City of Ballarat (mayor several time), Master Builder, Chairman of the Ballarat Water Commission, and much else.Head and shoulders of a balding man with grey hair wearing a suit and tie. He is Arthur Nicholson. portrait, ballarat school of mines, arthur nicholson, city of ballarat, ballarat water commission

The Ballarat Municipality was established in 1856.Cream covered booklet covering a special meeting held to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the City of Ballarat Council. It includes a notice paper for a special meeting of Council, minutes of the Municipal Council of Ballaarat, first meeting, and images of the first survey of the Ballarat Township (1852), Ballarat in 1854, Central Ballarat in 1956, N. T. Callow and James Oddie. ballarat, council, ballarat east, ballaarat, munipality, ballarat townscape, sturt street, ballarat survey, yarrowee, paroompi, parmoompi, diggings

Ballarat became a city in 1870. The special centenary meeting was held on Wednesday 9 September 1970Large white soft covered booklet including the notice programme for the centenary meeting of the City of Ballarat. It includes a City of Ballarat Logo, meeting agenda, and images of Sturt Street, central portion of the City, and the first survey of the Ballarat Township (1852).ballarat, council, centenary, james oddie, ballarat east, ballarat town hall, muncipal, kenneth webb, town clerks, urquhart's survey

The City of Ballarat unanimously resolved to erect a Civic Hall in Mair Street in 1951. The architects, Gordon Murphy, of Melbourne, and H.L. and L.J. Coburn, of Ballarat, were commissioned in 1952. The Council constructed the foundations and footings for the building under the supervision of the former City engineer, Mr L.H. Finch, in 1953. These footings are of massed concrete. The design for the building took advantage of the cross fall of the land, providing for the Small Hall to be entered from the Doveton Street frontage through a foyer under the Main Stage, the structure is steel with brick panels, with accommodation for 1,592 persons in the Main Hall and 440 persons in the Lower Hall. The front facade faces Mair Street, set back from the building line to provide for the entrance drive-ways and kerbed gardens. Tenders were invited on a firm price basis. A young Ballarat master Builter, Walter Benbow Trahar was the successful tenderer, the contract price being 139,841 pounds. the work was commenced in 1953 and has proceeded in spite of material and labour difficulties until its completion. The following statistics are of interest:- * The foundations contained 200 cubic yards of concrete. * The constructional steel work weighs approximately 270 tons. * The reinforcing steel 47 tons. * Reinforced concrete in the structure, 1,100 cubic yards. * The approximate number of bricks in the building, 580,000. * The flooring is of selected kiln-dried hard wood and totals 40,000 lineal feet. * The dimensions of the Main Auditorium, 100ft by 86 ft, including the side promenades each 82ft by 13ft. *The Main stage, of reinforced concret with parquette finish measures 62 ft by 40ft. *The floor area of the Lower Hall is 74 ft by 38 ft, and has a stage dimensions of 40ft by 20 ft. * Each hall has independent heating and ventillating systems. Where possible the material in the building was furnished from local business houses. The public address installation, which provided for additional microphones, is on the main Stage. There is inter-communication throughout the building connecting the front office, with the bioscope box, the stages in both the large and lower halls, and the Hallkeeper's residence. Local craftsmen have completed the painting, plaster work, and the electrical installation; local produced materials being used in the construction of the buildings with the exception of the timber for the Main Floor, the roofing and the structural steel. The City of Ballarat Councillors in 1956 were Councillors N. T. Callow, F.J. Cutts, K.C. Webb, W.E. Roff, O.W. Curnow, F.T. Woodward, Allan C. Pittard, A.W. Nicholson, J.A. Chisholm, G.L. Scott, F.W. Oliver, A.D. Mason. The Town clerk was H.R. Maddern and the City Engineer was G. Murrowood. A City of Ballarat Council meeting of 25 September 2013 voted to demolish the Ballarat Civic Hall. The Council heard from nearly 50 members of the public during a marathon six-hour meeting. Councilors John Birt, Des Hudson, Amy Johnson, Josh Morris, Peter Innes, John Philips supported the motion to demolish Civic Hall. Councillors Samantha McIntosh, Vicki Coltman and Belinda Coates voted against the motion.Six page souvenir Program of citizens' entertainment on the occasion of the Opening of Ballarat Civic Hall on in August 1956. The front cover features the City of Ballarat Coat of Arms. The programme starts with a message from the Mayor, Cr Neil T. Carrow. It includes the Concert Programme directed by James H. Davey, an asrtist's impression of the Civic Hall from Mair Street, and information relative to the New Civic Hall. The programme features images of the City of Ballarat Coat of Arms, Cr N.T. Callow, , James H, Davey, and an artist's impression of the Ballarat Civic Hall. Mayor Neil Callow's Message: "To-day, our citizens witness the fulfilment of the most extensive Municipal undertaking in the City's period of recent prosperity and development. Their Hall now fills a requirement of which they have been deprived since the Coliseum building was destroyed by fire over 20 years ago. The building has been designed as an all purpose structure and I am hopeful the citizens will use it and enjoy it to its fullest extent. Your Council and its Architects have planned as broadly as possible for the benefit of all to-day and for years to come. We are proud of the work executed by a Ballaarat Master Builder whose work is a monument to the City's craftsmen. I feel I should also remind this assembly that the women of Ballaarat, back in 1951, provided funds which have been applied in the purchase of a Grand Piano and two Upright Pianos which are now installed in this building. The sincere hope of myself and your Councillors is that this Hall and its amenities will prove of immense value to the development of the cultural and artistic tastes of this community and that it will be freely used for these and many other purposes. From now on this magnificent building and its furnishings and equipment will be available to all. I strongly exhort you to use and protect it. My hope is that the citizens will, for many years to come, enjoy the amenities which it has to offer. ballarat civic hall, civic hall, architecture, finch, art deco, city of ballarat, coat of arms, city of ballarat coat of arms, callow, shugg, lemke, oates, gullan, tuuri, john, robertson, sorrell, antonio, gordon murphy, walter benbow trahar, trahar, coburn, h.l. coburn, l.j. coburn, n.t. callow

The City of Ballarat unanimously resolved to erect a Civic Hall in 1951. The architects, Gordon Murphy, of Melbourne, and H.L. and L.J. Colburn, of Ballarat, were commissioned in 1952. The Council constructed the foundations and footings for the building under the supervision of the former City engineer, Mr L.H. Finch, in 1953. These footings are of massed concrete. The design for the building took advantage of the cross fall of the land, providing for the Small Hall to be entered from the Doveton Street frontage through a foyer under the Main Stage, the structure is steel with brick panels, with accommodation for 1,592 persons in the Main Hall and 440 persons in the Lower Hall. Black and white photograph of a brick building known as Ballarat Civic Hall. It is located on the corner of Mair Street and Doveton Street North. The Shakespeare statue out the front of the building was unveiled on 17 November 1960. ballarat civic hall, civic hall, colburn, finch

The Eureka Stockade Memorial Park Committee was a voluntary group that worked towards commemorating the Eureka Stockade by caring for the Reserve and organising events there. Three page carbon copy of a letter from the Eureka Stockade Memorial Park Committee to the City of Ballarat Town Clerk. The carbon copy is not signed. The letter was written because the Committee were not satisfied with the action of the Council in relation to the Eureka Reserve in relation to parking.The letter starts as follows: "The Town Clerk City Hall Ballarat Dear Sir, After many years of harmonious cooperation between your Council and the above it is with regret and misgivings that we are forced to protest at any action of the City Council in regard to the Eureka Reserve. At out last meeting by an almost unanimous vote it was decided to protest at the erection of a line of posts north and south of the Kiosk excluding cares from the flat. For many years we have striven to popularise and improve the reserve by the voluntary effort and a lot of personal expense by members. Realising that we are living in a motor age, our plans have always included the provifing of adequate parking facilities for car Picnic Partites the providing of picnic tables etc in shady positions with easy access for cars. This privilege has been appreciated and enjoyed by the public for over 20 years, being perhaps the main attraction to the Eureka Stockade. It was with a feeling of frustration that we learned of teh Council's decision to exclude the cars from these facilities. The majority of my member are deeply hurt that your council should approve of such drastic change of policy without some consideration of the aims and future plans of this organisation. ... "eureka, eureka stockade, eureka stockade memorial park, city of ballarat, ballarat

The University's mace was carried in procession for the first time during the Graduation ceremonies in May 1996. The mace was presented to the University by former Chief Commissioner of the Ballarat City Council, Vern Robson, at a ceremony on 02 February, following a national competition for its design, sponsored by the Council. (The Flag, Issue 2, July 1996) Nineteen artists responded to the competition which called for a design that would embody a distinctive Australian image reflecting the heritage of the city and in relationship with gold, an Aboriginal element and the history of the University. The winning entry, dominated by a poppet head, was submitted by Central Victorian artist/sculptor Trefor Prest, a sessional lecturer in sculpture at the University.(The Flag, Issue 2, July 1996) The Herald Sun of 03 February 1996 reported 'the new mace shows importance elements of Ballarat's heritage as well as the university's focus on the future. The artist emphasises the egalitarian nature of Australia as embodied in Ballarat's famous slice of history - the Eureka uprising. ... The mace has a poppet head at the top of the shaft - an unusual element for a mace - but it represents Ballarat's mining history and the University's evolution from the Ballarat School of Mines. An opening egg at the top stands for the nurturing of development and learning. The mace's straight shaft is depicted as the tree of knowledge and, incorporating a bark canoe scar, Ballarat's Aboriginal heritage. At the end of the shaft is a surveying device, which represents precision and accuracy ads embodied in the university's academic pursuits.' Bob Morrell of the University organised the national competition to design the mace and said 'It is in keeping with the university's logo, 'proudly flying the flag', which incorporates the Southern Cross.' Trefor Prest lectured in Sculpture at the University of Ballarat from 1995-1996.Black and white photograph showing three men holding the new University of Ballarat (now Federation University) mace. From left to right they are Vern Robson (Chief Executive Officer City of Ballarat), Trefor Prest (Sculptor) and Professor David James (Vice Chancellor).university of ballarat, mace, trefor prest, vern robson

This photo was most probably taken when the Ballarat School of Mines was considering the former Ballarat East Library as a campus. In 1980 the Ballarat School of Mines Council presented a proposal to the Ballarat City Council regarding occupying and managing the Ballarat East Free Library as a School of Traditional Crafts. The proposal included maintaining the building in optimum condition.Three black and white photographs of the interior of the former Ballarat East Library. .1) Room in the former Ballarat East Library housing remnants of the Ballarat Historical Society (probably during transfer of the Ballarat Historical Society Collection to the Gold Museum) .2) Room in the former Ballarat East Library with built in show cases at one end, and modern classroom tables and chairs. Brian McLennan sits writing at a table. .3) Roofing detail in the former Ballarat East Libraryballarat east library, ballarat east free library, school of traditional crafts, brian mclennan, ballarat historical society, museum

Robert Ernest Williams was born in Ballarat in 1855 and died at Melbonre in 1943. He was Town Clerk of the city of Ballarat, a member of the Ballarat School of Mines Council from 14 April 1899 to 26 March 1920.r.e. williams, robert ernest williams, major-general williams, ballarat school of mines council

The Guidelines were commissioned by the City of Ballarat , Historical Buildings Preservation Council and the Australian Heritage Commission.Cream soft coloured book of 60 pages. Contents include - Contributary Commercial Buildings, New COmmercial Buildings, Contributary residential Buildings, New Residential Development, Public and In stitutiona Buildings, Railways, Cemeteries, Botanic Gardens, Lake Wendouree, Public Open Spaces, Street Works, Fences and Landscaping, Advertising Guidelines, Lydiard/Camp Street Precinct Case Studyballarat, conservation guidelines, lydiard/camp street precinct case study, railway, botanic gardens, guttes, footpaths, signs, signage, fences, robin nuttall, gerald jenzen, ray tonkin, conservation study, architectural styles, verandahs, shopfronts, cast iron, wndy jacobs, miles lewis, gary vines, heritage planning, heritage guidelines

This photograph is held in the Ballaarat Mechanics' Institute Audio Visual Collection. Please contact BMI for all print and image inquiries Talking Shop: Ballarat in Business and City Life was an exhibition and program of events held at Ballaarat Mechanics' Institute Between January and April 2019 the BMI hosted Talking Shop: a world of Peters Icecream cones, milk bars, vintage advertising, historic photographs and ephemera, and contemporary photographs and creative responses exploring Ballarat's shops and businesses. Community events invited the community to contribute their images and memories to the BMI collection, and engage in creative activities. This exhibition was curated by Amy Tsilemanis at the BMI who worked with artists Pauline O'Shannessy-Dowling and Margie Balazic, collector John Kerr and Ballarat businesses, council, and schools to create a 'generative' exhibition where material and collaborations could grow. ballarat, ballaarat mechanics' institute, talking shop, exhibition, event, artist in residence, reading room, 2019

Copy of a letter and associated documents written to the Town Clerk, City of Ballaarat, dated Aug 1, 1985 seeking the support of the Council in attaining the body of the tramcar in Ballarat East. (Tram was actually obtained in December). Signed by the Secretary, Richard Gilbert. Mentions Frank Hanrahan as President for further information. Enclosed within letter is a two page note on BTPS Letter head outlining the history of the tramcar, its restoration, current condition, possible operation and value of the restoration. Attached as well is a folded drawing out an Adelaide double deck horse tram (Reference Reg. Item No. 706.1 ) and a photocopy of the builders of the first horse tram at the depot in 1887 (Reference Reg. Item No. 765 ). See Reg item No. 821 re date of acquiring the tramcar.trams, tramways, horse trams, collection, horse tram no. 1, city of ballaarat

In 1994, Victoria underwent council amalgamations, which resulted in Brooklyn being split between the City of Brimbank, City of Hobsons Bay and the City of Maribyrnong. The suburb of Brooklyn continues to attract considerable attention from the residents of City of Brimbank, particularly its historical features, the old buildings and distinctive streetscapes that characterise the area. These photographs provide a visual chronicle of assorted buildings, street views, and notable locations throughout Brooklyn in 2026.This collection of photographs preserves a visual record of Brooklyn 2006.5606.01 - Geelong Rd 700 Brooklyn - Guiding Star Hotel Geelong Rd 2006 Photo 01.JPG 5606.02 - Geelong Rd Brooklyn - Victorian Wool 2006.JPG 5606.03 - Market Rd 55 Brooklyn - Tyre Lug Market Rd (Former Pig And Calf Market) 2006.JPGgeelong road, market road, brooklyn, guiding star hotel, victorian wool, tyre lug, pig and calf market

In 2014, The Sunshine and District Historical Society in conjunction with the Brimbank City Council and the Sunshine R.S.L. presented an exhibition "Remembering: 100 Years On" in commemoration of the outbreak of World War 1. The exhibition included elements from various collections and touches on both individual stories and artefacts which serve as points of broader reference to the overall conflict.The year 2014 marked a milestone in history as it was the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the Great War. In Sunshine and the surrounding districts, the war permeated all aspects of life. The exhibition featured some significate artefacts which emphasise the cultural, social and historical impact the Great War has.5696.01 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Flyer Back.jpg 5696.01 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Flyer Front.jpg 5696.02 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Victor Barnett Letter Home Hand Written Page 1.jpg 5696.02 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Victor Barnett Letter Home Hand Written Page 2.jpg 5696.03 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Victor Barnett Letter Home Transcript Label.jpg 5696.04 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Will Dyson A Voice From ANZAC Label.jpg 5696.05 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Overseas Club Melbourne 1915 - 1916 Label.jpg 5696.06 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Pte Albert Jackson To My Dear Jean From Her Loving Husband Albert Label.jpg 5696.07 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Royal Burial Of The Unknown Warrior.jpg 5696.08 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - H. M. Burton A Call From The Dardanelles Coo-ee Won't You Come Label.jpg 5696.09 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Homes For Soldiers Day Label.jpg 5696.10 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Loris Richard Clark If You Know Of A Better Badge Get It Label.jpg 5696.11 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Enlist In The Sportmen's Thousand Label.jpg 5696.12 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Join The A.I.F. This Is Serious Enlist Now Label.jpg 5696.13 - Sunshine And District Historical Society Remember 100 Years Old Exhibition 2014 - Various Information Labels.jpg world war 1914 - 1918, victor barnett, will dyson, albert jackson, h. m. burton, loris richard clark, albert jacka