Set of six pamphlets about the Edison storage battery system and associated rail or tramway related vehicles. Was promoted by various people, but internal combustion engines were found to be superior overall at the time.Yields detailed information about the use of the Edison battery storage system in railways.Set of five pamphlets regarding the Edison Battery Car. Was a proposal put forward to the operators of the Beaumaris Tramway Co. 1 - four page - "Edison Battery Car" - operating exhibit at American Railway Association Convention - 1920 2 - four page - ""Operations, Maintenance and performance of storage battery cars on the long island railroad" 3 - two page - "Storage battery cars for Mexican Railroad" 4 - four page - "Storage Battery cars on the Canadian National" 5 - four page - "Edison - Goodman Electric Storage Battery locomotives in New Zealand" - Christchurch 6 - one page - letter - from W Dobson of the Cambria & Indiana Railroad Co. re the use of such cars and their results.Have the stamp of the "The Southern Electric Power Co. of Gilbert Place Adelaide" and "E F Ablitt Mechanical Engineer, Melbourne"battery tramcars, edison, battery systems, new zealand, railways

Typed copies of correspondence dated 21/7/1910, from the Federal Storage Battery Company to the Mr H Milner, Managing Director of the Beaumaris Tramway Co. at the Equitable Building Melbourne. Gives extensive details and comparisons of the battery storage system compared to the electric tramcars. Known as "Beach Cars" - see reference. Notes the work of Edison, batteries. Signed by R. H Beach, the Company Secretary. Has notes on car (streetcar or tramcar) performance, report from the Atlantic City and Shore Railroad Company, comparison report from the Board of Railroad Commissioners for the State of Massachusetts, and cost comparisons. Yields information about the "Beach Cars" battery powered trams of 1910.Set of six typed blue foolscap sheets titled - "Beach Cars" - Edison Storage Batteries 1910tramways, trams, battery tramcars, battery systems, beach cars, beaumaris tramway co. ltd, edison

Use to identify a tramway employee, involved in battery maintenance on cable trams and available for all lines on the Tramway Board and MMTB systems. This job continued until 1940 when the cable system closed.Demonstrates the method of identifying MMTB employees involved in battery maintenance.Round pressed brass badge with the words "Battery Man" pressed into the centre of the badge, and around the top part "4 - All lines" and the Tramway Board logo on the bottom. badges, mmtb, cable trams, tramway board, batterymen, battery systems

Photograph of the Julien Battery battery-electric tramcar on trials in Toorak Road, Melbourne Trails undertaken September 1888. For details of the Adelaide trials - see https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julien%27s_Patent_battery_tram,_Henley_Beach,_9_January_1889_(SLSA_B-5468).jpg (accessed 22/8/2020). And the Oct. 1977 issue of Trolley Wire for the construction, testing and disappearance of the tram. See also Reg Item 5223.2 for another photo and details.Yields information about the Julien Battery system trials in Melbourne in 1888.Copy negative of a photograph and a print. On rear of print in ink "Photo taken when operating on the Toorak line. Operated by Storage battery system. At corner of Chapel st and Toorak Road, Prahran, 1883. Car designed & built by Duncan and Fraser Adelaide" Has a newspaper stamp as well.trams, tramways, duncan fraser, battery trams, julien system, melbourne

Photocopy of an article from The Commonwealth Engineer, dated 1/8/1917, titled "Electric Lighting of Melbourne Cable Cars". Describes the battery system, the number of cars, the use of a motor generator at each depot, the lamps and the system on each car. Also has a start of a short item on the Kalgoorlie Electric Tramways Annual report. Short report in the same journal, 1/11/1917 titled Electric Lighting for Melbourne Trams", about a contract issued by the Tramway Board to the General Electric company for approximately 40,000 pounds. Also has an item about King River hydro electric power and the standardisation of the electrical industry.trams, tramways, cable trams, tramcars, lights, depots, general electric

Light brown top with dark brown base telephone keyboard. Made of plastic with sockets for the handpiece of a phone, a QWERTY keyboard and small (5cmW) printer, possibly with a screen. Used to take and send telphone calls. Uses batteries and has a handle for carrying. On top: "PRINTACALL/SSI-220" On back: "SSI / INNOVATIONS IN COMMUNICATIONS" On bottom: in middle of metal plaque "SSI-220 / Power: DC 6V/ Type "C" x 4 / (RECHARGEABLE BATTERY) / SPECIALIZED SYSTEMS, INC. / SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA / MADE IN JAPAN / SERIAL NO. 02478" On sticker on back: "MODEL. SSI-220 / SERIAL NO. 84840001 / Printacall Pty. Ltd. (02) 2648104 / P.O BOX A623 Sydney South 2000 N.S.W. Australia." Inscribed on R side: "HEIDELBERG HIGH SCHOOL / HEARING IMPAIRED UNIT NO 3" Label on L side: "TELECOM AUSTRALIA / Permit No 08216 103/2"

An interim report by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) concerning the replacement of cable tramways in Melbourne, whose capacity was predicted to be incapable of coping with future demand. In light of some opposition to electrification via overhead wires, several schemes were outlined, including a conduit system, surface contact system, battery cars, petrol cars, petrol-electric cards, motor buses, and trolleybuses. In the conclusion, the MMTB asserted that all schemes other than overhead electrification are not optimal to serving the city, and remained committed to use overhead wires.A document that clearly shows the commitment of the now-superceded public transport agency (MMTB) to electrify the Melbourne tram network.Interim Report - MMTB - Upon the General Scheme for the future development of Tramways in Melbourne and Suburbspublic transport, mmtb, tramways, electrification, electricity

Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This drawing shows the small battery-powered (four) tramcar system in Gisborne NZ. Shows the NZ rail line, rivers and the length of each route, and the dates of operation. Based on the handwriting, prepared by Wal Jack himself. Yields information about Wal Jack's extensive recording and research work.Drawing - black, red and blue ink or colour pencil on quarto size paper of the Gisborne NZ tramway system.tramways, wal jack, drawings, maps, tramcars, gisborne nz

Manuscript titled "The Tramways of Bendigo", prepared by Keith Kings during 1965 based on the text in the last paragraph. Provides a short history of Bendigo, the construction and operation of the battery and steam tram system, the take over and construction of the electric tramways by the Electric Supply Co. of Victoria. Includes the takeover by the SEC, replacement tramcars, the North Bendigo extension, exchange of cars with Ballarat, Geelong, attempts to close the system and operations during the mid 1960s.Yields information about the history of Bendigo Tramways written in 1965. Has a strong association with the author who prepared a larger work when the tram system closed in 1971.Manuscript titled - The Tramways of Bendigo - four foolscap typed pages, carbon copy.Has a number of corrections to the text.trams, tramways, manuscript, history, esco, sec, tramcars, steam trams, bendigo tramways

Manuscript titled "A brief history of the Tramways of Bendigo", prepared by Keith Kings during 1965 based on the text in the last paragraph. Was to be a joint effort with Wal Jack, notes Wal's death in 1964. Provides a short history of Bendigo, the construction and operation of the battery and steam tram system, the take over and construction of the electric tramways by the Electric Supply Co. of Victoria. Includes the takeover by the SEC, replacement tramcars, the North Bendigo extension, exchange of cars with Ballarat, Geelong, attempts to close the system and operations during the mid 1960s. The material in this manuscript would have formed by the basis of a booklet published by the ARHS/TMSV at the time of the closure of the SEC operated tramways in 1971.Yields information about the history of Bendigo Tramways written in 1965. Has a strong association with the author who prepared a larger work when the tram system closed in 1971.Manuscript titled - The Tramways of Bendigo - 31 quarto typed pages, carbon copy.Has a number of corrections to the text.trams, tramways, manuscript, history, esco, sec, tramcars, steam trams, bendigo tramways

Report - approx. 55 A4 photocopied sheets - bound with white comb binding, with embossed leather imitation grey card covers, titled "Symposium 'Electric Traction Systems' ", presented by the Institution of Engineers Australia, Vic Div, Tues 6/5/1975. Contains three papers: 1 - "Electricity of Transportation" - R. G. Chapman, SEC 2 - "Electric vehicles for Street Transport:" - F. D. Snell - MMTB 3 - "Electric Railways" - A. Firth - VR Paper 2 looks at the history of the MMTB system, the W class tram, control systems, lack of new trams in the 1960's, ordering of the Z class tram, its specification and manufacture, 980, 1041 and other forms of public transport on roads - trolley buses, gadgetbahns, and lots of possibilities of new systems including battery vehicles.On rear in ink in top right hand corner "D. W. Lees"trams, tramways, reports, mmtb, tramcars, pcc class, z class, melbourne, history, trolley buses, electrical engineering, controllers

The Lister Auto-Truck was a small monowheel tractor built for moving light loads around factories, railway yards and similar sites. They were built by R A Lister and Company of Dursley, Gloucestershire, well known for their range of small stationary engines The Auto-Truck was one of several monowheel tractors to appear in the 1920s and '30s, with the availability of small, reliable petrol engines, as developed for motorcycles and the stationary engines for which Lister were already known. These were tricycle vehicles, with the single leading wheel used for both drive and steering. Their simple construction carried most of the mechanism on this wheel as a single unit, the chassis with the trailing wheels being little more than a trailer for balance. Simplicity was a key feature. The engines were single-cylinder and air-cooled. Ignition was by magneto, rather than requiring a battery and electrical system. One of these designs was produced in the 1920s by George Grist of the Auto Mower Co., Norton St Philip, Somerset. The engine was a JAP 600 cc four-stroke air-cooled sidevalve, a typical small engine of the time. The Auto Mower Co. were Lister agents and when Lister heard of this 'Auto-Truck' they bought one for use in their own factory. It was used to carry heavy engine castings from the foundry to the machine shop. Lister customers saw them and there was such interest in wanting to buy them that Lister negotiated with Auto Mower to build them under licence. Although Lister were already well known for their small petrol stationary engines, these were heavy cast-iron engines with water hopper cooling and unsuitable for vehicle use. Lister remained with the JAP engine for the Auto-Truck. The Auto-Truck was designed for use in factories or other places with smooth surfaces of concrete or tarmac. This allowed the use of small solid-tyred wheels with only simple suspension, making the vehicle simple, cheap and lightweight. They had little ability on soft surfaces though and could even topple over if driven carelessly across slopes. Their design was a compromise between the top-heavy nature of the tall engine grouping above its wheel and a well thought-out chassis for stability. The bearing between them was a large diameter ring roller bearing, mounted at the lowest part of the chassis. This gave rigidity and stability, even after long wear. A ring of rolled channel girder was attached to the engine group and rollers on the chassis carried the load upon this. On early Auto-Trucks this bearing is set very low, in line with the chassis members, and is covered by thin steel plates. The front panel of the engine cover is distinctive with large ventilation holes and a Lister signature cut through it. Strangely this panel is made of thick cast iron, providing substantial weight high on the engine and only adding to its top heaviness. To improve visibility of moving vehicles in noisy factories, this panel was often painted white, the rest of the vehicle being Lister's usual brunswick green. The driver was seated on a Brooks bicycle saddle, which in recognition of the lack of vehicle suspension, was carried on the end of a cantilevered bar that acted as a leaf spring. A wide handlebar on the engine group was used for steering. A squeeze bar the width of this handlebar engaged the clutch. Controls included a hand throttle, a gear lever with two forward and one reverse gears, and a large handbrake lever. The engine unit rotated freely for a full 360° rotation. When used in reverse, the Auto-Truck could either be driven from the saddle, looking backwards over the driver's shoulder; or they could dismount, swivel the engine unit around and control it as a pedestrian-controlled truck from behind. Under the engine cover were two equal diameter tanks, a fuel tank for petrol and a shorter oil tank. Engine and chain-drive lubrication used a total-loss oil system, controlled by a small pump and needle valve. Info Ref: Lister Auto-Truck - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lister_Auto-TruckHistoric - Industrial monowheel tractor for moving light loads around factories, railway yards and similar sites.The Lister Auto-Truck - small monowheel tractor Made of steel with three wheels. Powered by a J.A.P single cylinder petrol motor which is Hand Cranked to start.Lister puffing billy, lister, lister auto truck, monowheel tractor

This photograph shows part of the railway constructed and used for the removal of soil and rocks from the tunnels bored out of the mountains for the pipeline servicing the Hydro Electricity power stations in the Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme. This photo details an era when there were 4,000 construction workers located in two main accommodation camps, Mount Beauty (the larger one) and Bogong village. These accommodation sites were constructed and maintained as a secured or gated residential area with access only available by a special pass authorised by the Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme. All the power used by the rail system was from electric motors connected to batteries. Overhead power poles seen on either side of the embankment details that electricity from the Scheme was in use. This use was cleaner and more environmentally friendly than the coal still used by large locomotives from city to country railways. The worker shown is not however wearing protective head and hand coverings. This is also an era where there was a lack of health and safety legislation covering workers in dangerous working conditions.Scanned photo of original black and white photo on Kodak XtraLife II paper. Picture is of a section of railway track servicing the tunnels of the Hydroelectric scheme during the 1940s - 1950sOn back of photo "Kodak XtraLife II paper"railway in kiewa electric scheme, tunneling

Items were brought at the ASCO Services Canteen or the US PX System. Purchases were made with MPC (Military Payment Currency). This was money especially printed for use by allied soldiers in base installations. Bought by Wesley BERTUCH while serving in South Vietnam, refer Cat No 1664.2 for details.Toshiba Solid State Stereo Radio Phonograph powered by 6 x 1.5V D Cell batteries. 2 x Detachable speakers operated on leads with individual volume controls. Unit can also operate on 24 V. Speakers, black plastic. Radio & turntable woodgrain sides with metallic front.On side of both speakers: “Toshiba Stereophonic”personal effects, communications, radio, bertuch

This Timing Relay is quite a large (industrial type) apparatus. The Timer is started by having a voltage of 250 volts direct current (as supplied by batteries). A DC motor then rotates driving into a clockwork mechanism, the output of which is an arm rotating at the same speed as a minute hand on a clock. Attached to this arm is a mercury switch which tips and makes an electrical circuit operate in a sequence control system. The sequences that use these timers are when starting and stopping Hydro Generators. They check that the machine has connected to the power system grid before 20 minutes duration. Brakes must go on for a set time when shutting down a generator slowing at the right speed as measured by this apparatus. These generators are powered by the hydro force of "stored" water at a higher altitude. The establishment of both the NSW and Victorian Hydro schemes was achieved from the mid 1900's to the 1960's. At this point in time the need for additional power sources to quench both an industrial and domestic demand for electricity was purely an economic and not and environmental (carbon reduction) factor. This Timing Relay apparatus is very significant to the Kiewa Valley as its use was introduced during the Kiewa Hydro Scheme. Although only a relay apparatus, it was however part of the explosion of human resources into the valley. This influx of population transformed the region from that of a basically quiet rural region to one which evolved into both an industrial and a larger residential community. This evolution in the valley created a change, not only in the "physical" landscape but also the socio-economic expansion which permitted other "tourist" based industries into the valley. This Hydro Scheme was instigated by "the Government of the day" as a bold move and was the major force behind the acceptance of World War II refugee and "technical" workforce. Inclusion of skilled and unskilled migration into the Australian environment was of a higher priority than a selective quota system of later years.. Although this mass "invasion" of workers with families was thought of in some circles as intrusive, the expansion of population post war years and its integration into the Australian rural sector, produced the multi- lingual, multi-cultural diversity of later years.sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth

This general purpose Multi-meter was manufactured after 1950 and used by the SEC Vic (Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme) from that date until late 1900's. It was used to measure very small voltages associated with the operation of the various Hydro Generators. The readings were able to be shown by the resistor in use in the current circuit. During this time period, high quality testing instruments were either sourced from Europe or England. This particular meter was manufactured in the Netherlands. This type of "old" analogue meter was replaced by digital meters whose electronic components are a fraction of the size of the older analogue ones.This analog General Purpose multi-meter is quite a large (for handheld mobile) apparatus which permits the easy monitoring of electrical variations within the large SEC Victoria Hydro Scheme's electrical generators. These generators are powered by the hydro force of "stored" water at a higher altitude. The establishment of both the NSW and Victorian Hydro schemes was achieved from the mid 1900's to the 1960's. At this point in time the need for additional power sources to quench both an industrial and domestic demand for electricity was purely an economic and not and environmental (carbon reduction) factor. This hydro scheme was instigated by "the Government of the day" as a bold move and was the major force of the World War II refugee and "technical" workforce inclusion of skilled and unskilled migration into the Australian environment. Although this mass "invasion" of workers with families was thought of in some circles as intrusive, the expansion of population post war years and its integration into the Australian rural sector, produced the multi- lingual multi-cultural diversity of later years.This General Purpose Multimeter is an analogue meter i.e. it has a needle arm that moves across a scale of divisions. This is a large(hand held) device due to the mechanical movement system within and the large size of its electronic components of its circuitry.There are two black bake-lite push buttons operating the wire inserts Positive/negative leads at the top. The meter (protected with a glass window) has clearly marked graduations (top - volts, bottom amperes). Below this are two bake-lite dials (left "potentiometer the right one measuring range selector). Below this is a "dial" switch to input the desired resistance measuring range "V" Front "H&B ELIMA" and to the right Elavi 15n. 0n the front side is a label "STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA TRANSMISSION DEPT E.C.No." On the bottom of the base is a stenciled layout of the battery "layout" including the fuse . The information notice is presented in five languages starting with German, English,French, Italian, Spanish and Dutchsec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth

MicroBee was a series of networkable home computers by Applied Technology, which became publicly listed company MicroBee Systems Limited soon after its release. The original Microbee computer was designed in Australia by a team including Owen Hill and Matthew Starr. The MicroBee's most distinctive features are its user configurable video display and its battery backed non-volatile RAM and small size allowing it to be powered off, transported, and powered back on and resume activities on the currently loaded program or document. It was originally packaged as a two board unit with the lower "baseboard" containing all components except the system memory which was mounted on the upper "core board". (Wikipedia).1) Ballarat College of Advanced Education Applied Science students demonstrate the use of the Applied Physics MicroBee Computer. .2) Jenny Simkin and Graeme Clark demonstrate the Microbee in Applied Physics at the Ballarat College of Advanced Education in August 1983. The MicroBee interfaced to radio, and assisted in finding messages via Amateur Radio (note the transceiver and RTTY interface VK3NV) An audio cassette for program and data storage is located to the right behind the keyboard. .1) verso Ballarat CAE Applied Science students test 'Microbee' computers which are used by students staking studies in Applied Physics. Frances, would be grateful if this could be returned. Thank you Mike .2 verso Jenny Simpkin Graeme Clark Microcomputer/Radioteletype demo App Physics Aug '83ballarat college of advanced education, jenny simpkin, graeme clark, microbee computer, physics, applied scinece, computer science, computers

Kids of all ages enjoy the Miniature Railway. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p163 On Sundays in Eltham thousands of children, mums, dads and grandparents can be seen travelling around Lower Eltham Park in tiny trains. They are among the two and half million passengers who have travelled on the Diamond Valley Railway since it officially began in 1961. The miniature railway originally operated from the 1940s at Chelsworth Park, Ivanhoe, until flooding caused it to be moved to the Eltham Lower Park in 1959. The railway is modelled on the 1920s era – the heyday of passenger rail travel – and the trains are built on a scale of two inches to the foot (1/6). Although not exact replicas, trains include models of the Spirit of Progress, Puffing Billy, The Overland, Dog Boxes, Vic Rail S class, G class and a NSW 81 Class. The three and a half kilometres of track is set amongst native plants and picnic areas. A friendly hoot or the clang of a bell occasionally punctuates the tranquillity as a train emerges from a treed bend with passengers excitedly waving to onlookers. For $3 the train takes you on a 13-minute two-kilometre ride. Passengers sit in single file in the narrow train, which clatters along tracks built to the scale of the Australian narrow gauge of three feet six inches (1.1m). These are used in Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia. Safety standards are stringently kept. Even before you buy a ticket notices tell you that you must wear closed shoes. You can even borrow these, and you are given a pair of socks for the ride! Blue-overalled volunteers check tickets, see you aboard, and drive the train. They are mainly retired men who can at last devote their time to what little boys dream of – playing with trains. Passengers are instructed in safe behaviour, then the station master waves a white flag and off we go. The guard sits at the back with his whistle and green flag at the ready. The winding track, fringed by native trees and bushes planted by volunteers, stands on crown land managed by Nillumbik Council. The train clatters along the track and crosses a bridge over a drain elevated by name to The Blow Fly Creek. We pass by Meadmore Junction at a speed of three kilometres an hour. Then on through a tunnel, accompanied by squeals of delight, and after a few moments of blackness, light glimmers at the end. On we go, past the original platform, along another route past busy Main Road through Pine Creek Station, over a bridge and through another tunnel with more screams of delight.Then a signal stops us before the ‘all clear’ to return to our original point of departure. The railway services its passengers – the largest number of any miniature railway in Australia – with a fleet including: six diesel locomotives, three steam locomotives, eight sets of passenger cars and one battery electric Dog Box set. Members also privately own 20 locomotives and powered carriage sets as well as four carriage sets.1 All the trains are stored on-site in workshops, sheds and a tunnel. The railway is entirely run by volunteers, so that all ticket money is used for maintenance and extensions, and some goes to local charities. Since 1991, the entire railway has been rebuilt, including an upgraded signalling system. About half of the 120 volunteer members are active with about 35 working each Sunday, and a dozen or so working every Wednesday. Members are trained to positions of station assistant, booking officer, train guard, train driver or signalman. Members construct new carriages and locomotives as well as maintaining track, signalling and rolling stock.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, diamond valley railway, eltham lower park

Information on trams. Includes small photo of Trams 24 & 26, Map of Bendigo Tram routes 1972and 1996, Ballarat No 26 tram, S 164 tram, and No 38 tram. Mentioned is the individual history and where they can be found, operating and non operating trams, different classes of trams. Geelong's Birney Cars, two of which came to Bendigo and the Type G (Birney Safety Cars). Other information includes Nos, First introduced, Last withdrawn, Electrics (motors), Size and Seating/Crush Load. (8 pages).bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - bendigo's tram system, battery trams, steam trams, electricity supply company of victoria, toastrack trams, david bromage, bendigo tramways, state electricity commission of victoria, the bendigo trust, chris brownbill, bendigo talking tram, david hoadley, prahran and malvern tramways trust, hawthorn tramways trust, fitzroy northcote and preston tramways trust, melbourne brunswick and coburg tramways trust, north melbourne electric tramway and lighting co, sydney tramway museum, tramway museum of victoria, railpage australia, ballarat vintage tramway, andrew cox, russell jones, australian electric transport museum, birney cars, j g brill & co, bob hawke, adelaide municipal tramways trust, tim blythman, bill winn, john radcliffe

3 Pages titled Victoria Hill. On one side is a sketch of W Rae's Home built in the early 1870's and Rae's Open Cut. Mentioned is a short history of Victoria Hill and the mine of Christopher Ballerstadt and his son Theodore. The remains of a 20 head crushing battery, which was originally the ten head crusher of the Little 180 Mine remains. It later became the twenty head New Chum Syncline Battery. Water became a problem and the New Chum Drainage Scheme was introduced and the cost of pumping and bailing was shared between the mines.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - victoria hill, gold mines hotel, christopher ballerstedt, theodore ballerstadt, ballerstadt's open cut, lansell's 180 mine, little 180 mine, new chum syncline battery, victoria reef quartz mining co, victoria quartz, new chum drainage system, w rae's home, rae's open cut

This specimen was recovered from Broken Hill, NSW. It was given the name Mangan Hedenbergite in 1819 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in honor of Mr. Anders Ludvig of Hedenberg who was the first to define hedenbergite as a mineral. Hedenbergite, belongs in the pyroxene group having a monoclinic crystal system. The mineral is extremely rarely found as a pure substance. Mangan Hedenbergite is a manganese bearing variety of Hedenbergite. Manganese is the world’s fourth most used mineral after iron, aluminium, and copper primarily because it has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications. Globally, the steel industry is the primary user of manganese metal, utilizing it as an alloy to enhance the strength and workability of steel and in the manufacture of tin cans. Manganese is a key component of certain widely used aluminium alloys and, in oxide form, dry cell batteries used in electric vehicles. These batteries are in high demand. Another potential use for manganese may as an additive to help coat and protect a car’s engine. Manganese is also used for non-metallurgical purposes such as plant fertilizers, animal feed, and colorants for bricks. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized mineral specimen in shades of silver and blackmanganese, open cut mine, manganese ore processing, bell bay, tasmania, northern territory, steel industry, zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline batteries, tin cans

Named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger cerussite takes its name from the Latin cerussa, meaning 'white lead'. When viewed under certain lighting conditions cerussite gives of fire and rainbow-like colours (due to its high dispersion) and it is quite sought after by geological collectors for this very reason. Cerussite is usually found in the oxidised zone of lead ore deposits. It is a very common weathering product of galena and other lead ore minerals. It is a secondary mineral, meaning it forms as a result of the alteration of pre-existing minerals in the Earth’s crust. The presence of lead in cerussite makes it potentially toxic. Historically, it has been an important source of lead, which has numerous industrial applications, including in batteries, construction materials, and radiation shielding. Cerussite has a crystal structure that belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system. Its crystal structure is characterized by a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a repeating pattern. The crystal lattice of cerussite consists of interconnected lead (Pb) and carbonate (CO3) ions. This crystal structure is visible in the specimen. This specimen was found in Dundas (formerly Mount Dundas), a historical mining locality, mineral field and railway located on the western foothills of the West Coast Range in Western Tasmania. During the 1890s Dundas swelled in numbers however it is now lost in a temperate rainforest and its population is now 2. The present Dundas Extended mine, about 1.5 km east of Dundas is presently worked for specimen material.Faceted cerussite gems are considered rare and valuable, given the softness of the mineral. This item is not a faceted gem however its historical and scientific research potential give it significance; mined in an Australian township, this cerussite could shed light on the now lost history of Dundas and the mining that occurred there. Additionally, the uses of this mineral in historical industrial processes give it scientific significance. Such knowledge can add to understandings of the geographical and geological nature of Western Tasmania and allow for further study of Australian geological specimens. A small lead carbonite mineral with shades of cream, white and brown throughout, flaky shards of white at base. CERUSSITE / (lead carbonite) / Locality: Dundas, W. Tasmaniadundas, tasmania, cerussite, lead, orthorhombic, geology, minerals, mining

During the 1950’s, the growing threat from Submarines, led the Royal Australian Navy to consider a quick reaction, long range ASW torpedo delivery system as an alternative to the USN’s ASROC and the RN’s Match. Full scale research and development began in 1960 using the Turana target drone as the basis for the delivery platform. Shipboard tests began in 1963 and the Government Aircraft Factory (GAF) began production of three variants M3, M4 and M5 in 1965. The M4 variant had a guidance system designed to interface to a full tactical data handling system while the M3 and M5 variants used a simpler system with a dedicated fire control system. The IKARA is an unmanned miniature aircraft with clip on upper and lower stabilizers and wings. The upper stabilizer (SVU) housed and electronic package that transmitted flight data back to the launch platform and received updated target acquisition data during flight. Flight maneuverability was provided by elevons fitted into the trailing edge of each wing, these were operated by an actuator system that received flight correction data transmitted to the autopilot from the fire control system. The payload, either the Mk44 or Mk46 lightweight torpedo was suspended to the underside of the airframe and faired into the body to provide and aerodynamic shape. The forward section of the body housed the autopilot and the thermal battery unit. Propulsion was provided by the MURAWA steel cased, solid propellant rocket motor with a combined boost and sustainer stage. IKARA was capable of engaging a target to the maximum range of the ships sonar, regardless of weather conditions. Target information is fed into the fire control system, which calculated to drop zone for the torpedo taking into account speed and direction of launch platform and target, win speed etc, then tracking the missile to the drop zone where command signals initiate torpedo release. The IKARA is an unmanned miniature aircraft with clip on upper and lower stabilizers and wings. navy, torpedo, rocket, submarine, missile

An emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) is a type of emergency locator beacon, a portable, battery-powered radio transmitter used in emergencies to locate airplanes, vessels, and persons in distress and in need of immediate rescue.Since the inception of Cospas-Sarsat in 1982, distress radio beacons have assisted in the rescue of over 28,000 people in more than 7,000 distress situations. In 2010 alone, the system provided information used to rescue 2,388 persons in 641 distress situations. Two battery operated emergency distress beacons EPIRB [Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon] in orange containers with attached line in yellow canvas bags.I'm going sailing, I'm coming back; B900; radio distress transmitter operating instructions; made by Don Osborne & associates, box 69 052 Aukland 8 New Zealand.iepirb, rescue, emergency beacon

Found in garden shed of Mr Harry Barratt [WWI Gallipoli] and donated by his grandson. In 1877 Swan island was designed to defend shipping in Port Phillip and Hobson's Bays. The scheme, involving massive expenditure, comprised a forward defence system of forts at Port Phillip heads dominated by Fort Queenscliff and South Channel Fort (artificial island), and a network of coastal batteries. Some development of fortification had occurred in the 1850s, but it was the impetus of the Jervois-Scratchley reports which led to major work being undertaken in the 1880s. The overall defence plan involved a combination of guns, mines (known as electric torpedo) and ships to defend the entrance to Port Phillip Bay. Swan Island Fort would be used to protect the minefields in the harbour, Naval observation countermine charge 500lbs wet G.C Standard mine from 1877 to 1905 when charge was removed and mines used as buoys. In 1914 mines were recharged and used for defensive mining until Armistice.Brass plaque inscribed with information on naval countermineNaval observation or countermine charge 500lbs wet G.C. Standard mine from 1877 to 1905 when charge was removed and mines used as buoys. In 1914 mines were recharged and used for defensive mining until the Armistice.sea mine, plaque, pre wwi, naval countermine, swan island

''The Bendigo Tramways - A History'' (author, not named, but last page indicates that writer was 17 years of age). Eight handwritten pages; 4 pages of photo reproductions; loose sheet - broad description of 'Bendigo''; loose sheet showing ''S.E.C. Bendigo Tramways Track Diagram as at closure of system, April 1972''. Early moves to have tramway system in 1880s; battery trams operation; steam tram motors; Bendigo Tramway Company; Electric Supply Company; Route maps (''in the appendices at the end of this report'' ???); State Electricity Commission of Victoria; list of the major purchases made by the SEC from the MMB to add to the Bendigo fleet (1930 -1960) closure of tramways; Bendigo 'talking' tourist tram (Dec. 1972); Writer's notes - acknowledgementtramways, history, bendigotramway history., bendigo tramways, electric supply company, talking tourist tram. tramsways track diagram. battery trams, ellsen and co., the sandhurst and eaglehawke tramways company. mollison street. arnold street.

The Ellenborough mine was located on Snob's Hill in Eaglehawk, near Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. It was a notable mine operating on the New Chum line of reef in the Eaglehawk District. The Ellenborough Mine was the first mine in the world to use electricity to light above and underground. On 12th October 1882, the installation of the lighting system was completed by the Australian Electric Light Company. 'The whole of the levels and back have been lighted so that candles have been dispensed with ....the engine house, blacksmith''s shop and brace are also lighted at night' (Bendigo Advertiser, 13th October, 1882). 'The electricity is generated in an ordinary electric battery placed in the engine-house, and driven by a three horse power " Soho" engine. This engine is supplied with steam by a pipe leading from the steam pipe used to supply the air-compressor. It can be driven at full power with a pressure of 351bs of steam, with the engine wheel moving at the rate of 220 revolutions per minute; the battery wheel makes 850 revolutions. The plant occupies very little space. The battery is a to-light machine; that is, it can supply sufficient electricity for 35 lights. Whether there is only one light burning or 35, there is no necessity to alter the machine or the speed, and there is no danger of one light becoming too powerful because all the rest are put out. There is no danger, as many people suppose, in taking hold of the wires, even if uncovered, for the engineer last evening plainly demonstrated that where the shock was greatest it was very mild, and could hardly be felt'.Handwritten copy of a report in the Bendigo Advertiser 24/5/1907. ''Serious break in Water Main which is situated about 100 yards south of the mine. Main service pipe which supplies Harvey town has been leaking for some time past. Water soaking through old surface workings into the Belmont and Saxby shaft where it rose 60 feet and filled two x-cuts, one out west 208 ft, and the other out east about 45 ft. Ellenborough began baling on Sunday 26th May, and it will take many days before work can be resumed. The mine was only working one shift and no men were underground at time of in rush''. Document from Albert Richardson Collection of mining history.document, gold, drainage problems, ellenborough flooded, bendigo advertiser, 27/5/1907, harveytown, belmont & saxby, ellenborough, albert richardson, electricity

The history of the Thunderchild gun is not known. It was presumably manufactured in Torquay in the second half of the 19th century. Such guns were often attached to a ship’s rail through the holes in the swivel base, as in the base of this gun. The guns fired grapeshot and were originally used on ships to repel boarders. They were also used to launch whaling harpoons and were sometimes employed for signalling. The relatively late date makes the latter application most likely. This Thunderchild gun is complete with ramrod and wad remover. It is in good working order and easily assembled. It is used locally for special ceremonies and for Whaleboat Races as a starting gun. (Guns and Cannon, South Wester Victoria, May 2008, ref W/F/03) The small bore cannon is part of a collection of nineteenth century Flagstaff Hill Guns and Cannon, which is classified as being a high level of significance, on State, National and World The nineteenth century artillery pieces are a very rare and representative collection of artillery of this era. The artillery pieces, individually and as a collection, are highly significant for historical, scientific and aesthetic reasons at the state, national and world levels. The artillery pieces are excellent examples of nineteenth century artillery designed for the shore defence of western Victoria in the mid to late 1800s. The collection demonstrates the system of nineteenth century Imperial Defence implemented by Britain and of the recycling of obsolete technology to the colonies by Britain. The collection represents the methods of artillery technology, its advancement and its modifications in order to remain active. It also illustrates the transference of defence technology from Britain to Australia and demonstrates the level of reliance Australia had on British defence equipment. The artillery pieces form prominent elements in their landscapes and, together with the batteries and sites in which they are located, create a strong visual link to the region’s defence history. Importantly the artillery pieces, individually and as a collection, represent a very rare and intact group of nineteenth century artillery. Very few examples of nineteenth century artillery have survived worldwide, the largest collections being sited in Canada. The collection is a rare collection of artillery which demonstrates the advancements made in artillery technology during the nineteenth century, and is one of the largest collections of nineteenth century artillery in Australia. Further, the collection is extremely intact, with most pieces retaining original carriages and many located within their original emplacement. This collection of artillery, with their carriages and in their locations, are of exceptional national significance as they represent the largest intact collection of artillery within a single defensive network, outside of major colonial ports. The collection of nineteenth century carriages and slides are in themselves an extremely rare and important collection, however their significance is enhanced by their placements within batteries and with guns. (Conservation Management Plan for Victorian Guns and Cannon, South Western Victoria, May 2008) Cannon; small 1pdr cast iron, smooth bore muzzle loading swivel gun, painted glass black. 19th century cannon has polished wood handle, two detachable metal stirrups and metal swivel base with cuff, attached to block of wood by four bolts. Accessories are a wood tamper and wood ramrod. Name on gun is Thunder-Child, Torquay, Vic. There are Maker’s Marks on the gun and base, and a number on the cannon.. Marks; Barrel "Thunder/ Child". Base cuff " THUNDER / -CHILD / TORQUAY / VIC ", Trunnion "2825/H"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, cannon, torquay, thunder child cannon, thunderchild cannon, signal cannon, muzzle loading cannon, ordinance, munitions

Two yellow, cloth, hardcovered books. One is a first edition, and the other is a second edition. Contents include the Stamp mill, battery frame, mortar block, stem, finger jack, water supply, power, amalgamation, retorting, milling systems, millmen and mill crews, mill management, handling pulp and tailing.