Founded in 1891, the Ellams Duplicator Company produced drum and flat duplicators that copied a stenciled sheet and allowed multiple copies to be made. Considered desk top, this rather heavy machine was operated by turning the handle and could turn out 100 copies a minute. This would have been useful for donation request letters or large print newsletters.1 black case holding a black drum and metal platesEllams Rotary Duplicator Self Feeding Ellams Duplicator Co Ltd 12 King Street London E.C. Alfred Street, Brisbane, Australiaoffice equipment, ellams

A machine used to copy content of one master cassette onto another at up to 16 times normal playing speed. Machine is contained in a black vinyl-covered case with the power cord wrapped up into a recess on one side. Black plastic rectangular Telex cassette duplicator with power cord.Telex is embossed on the bottom right-hand corner of the case-lid and front of machine. 'Copyette 1 & 1' printed on top of machine.audio equipment, royal victorian institute for the blind

Report by the Victorian Parliamentary Public Works Committee on "The Plenty Road, Preston, Tramway Extension Inquiry" - 1967. The inquiry examined the MMTB's proposal to extend the East Preston line 0.7miles or 1.3km. The Committee took evidence from the MMTB, bus operators, the Victorian Railways, residents, La Trobe University, Preston City Council and others. The Committee recommended against the proposal. The report lists those members of Parliament involved. The line was subsequently extended by 1.2 kilometres from Tyler Street to Boldrewood Parade during 1983 and subsequently to Bundoora. Demonstrates the method of holding parliamentary inquiries into new tram lines.Document - report - 9 pages stapled in top left-hand corner, printed with a spirit duplicator.tramways, parliament, new lines, east preston, inquiries, bundoora, plenty road

This Gestetner Cyclostyle duplicating machine was invented and manufactured by David Gestetner. He claimed in 1922, once he had released several models, that if a Gestetner Durotype stencil was used together with his Cyclostyle machine, then 10,000 copies could be made from the one Durotype stencil, an amazing claim for office technology of that era. David Gestetner (1854-1939), was born in Csoma, Hungary. He has been called the “founder of the worldwide office copying and duplicator industry.). He moved to London and in 1879 filed his first copying patent. In 1881 he patented the Cyclostyle stylus (or pen), which was used in conjunction with his Cyclograph device for copying text and images, He established the Gestetner Cyclograph Company in England at this time (1881) to protect his inventions and to produce his products; stencils, stylos (stylus or pen) and ink rollers. HIs inventions included nail-clipper and the ball-point pen (although the latter is more commonly associated with Laszlo Biro). Gestetner’s patented Cyclograph duplicator was used with his Cyclostyle Stylus or pen to write or draw on special thin wax-coated stencil paper (originally used for kite making paper) in the following way; 1. The Cyclostyle stencil was placed on a lower, framed metal plate of the Cyclograph 2. An upper frame was clipped over the top 3. The Cyclostyle pen, with its tip being a small metal-spiked or toothed wheel, was used to write or draw on the stencil, punched small holes into the paper and removed the wax coating in those places 4. The upper frame and stencil was then removed and a piece of blank paper was placed onto the metal plate in the lower frame and the upper frame with stencil was replaced 5. A roller was given an even distribution of Cyclostyle ink and rolled by hand over the stencil in the frame. This forced the ink through the holes in the stencil to and made a copy of the stencil on the paper 6. The upper frame was raised, the printed paper removed and another blank sheet was put into place. The whole process was repeated until enough copies were made. Gestetner’s invention developed further in 1894, with a stencil that could be placed on a screen on a revolving drum. The drum was manually rotated, the stencil then wrapped around another drum and was fed between cloth-covered rollers on which ink was evenly spread. Each revolution of the drum forced ink through the holes in the stencil and transferred the ink onto paper that had been fed between rollers and pressed against the drum. The process was repeated for each page. The paper was still fed and removed manually in this earlier invention but became more automatic in later models. In 1902 Gestetner duplicator model 6 was put onto the market. This model included the improvement of an automatic paper feed that synchronised with the rotation of the stencil. The Gestetner machine was the first office printing machine. It was easily installed and it made exact copies of the sane document quickly, effectively and inexpensively. This changed the way offices operated, making information easily available to many more users. The machines were commonly used in small businesses, schools, churches, clubs and other organisations for the wide distribution of a wide variety of information in the form of worksheets, newsletters and more. In 1906 the Gestetner Works were opened in Tottenham Hale, North London, and thousands of people were employed there up until the 1970’s. Due to the fast growing success of the Gestetner Duplicator machines many international branches for sales and service centres were established. David Gestetner was succeeded by his son Sigmund, followed by his grandson’s David and Jonathan. Further advancement was made by using a manual typewriter with specifically designed stencils. The end product was a printed, typewritten copy similar to the print from newspapers and booklets. In the next few years there were further developments of this revolutionary invention. The Gestetner Cyclostyle duplicator in our Collection is dated c.1922 - 1929 and it uses Gestetner Durotype stencils The 1922 British Industries Fair’s catalogue contained advertising for the Gestetner Rotary Cyclostyle “The World’s Premier Duplicator”, demonstrated at Stand K 86.” A Notice at the foot of the advertisement’s page boasts "Important - D Gestetner's latest invention, the "Durotype" Stencil, enables you to obtain 10,000 copies from one original if desired. It contains no wax of any description, is indestructible, can be stored indefinitely and printed from as required” In 1929 the look of the Gestetner machines changed; American designer Raymond Loewy was invited by Gestetner to improve the look of his duplicators, resulting in a very streamlined appearance. Eventually, around 1960’s, offices replaced their Gestetner with small photocopying machines and printers. Gestetner took over ownership of other office machine companies over time, including Nashua, Rex Rotary, Hanimex and Savin and eventually all came under the holding company name of NRG (Nashuatech, Rex Rotary and Gestetner). In 1996 Ricoh acquired the Gestetner Company, and it was renamed the NRG Group. REFERENCES Cyclostyle, Stencil Duplicating Machines, antique Copying Machines, Early Office Museum, http://www.officemuseum.com/copy_machines.htm Duplicating machines, Wikipedia Duplicator, Collection online, Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation http://techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/collection-item.php?id=1989.0229.001 Gestetner duplicators, Totterham-Summerhillroad.com http://tottenham-summerhillroad.com/gestetner_duplicators_tottenham.htm Gestetner Duplicator, V&A Museum http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O322014/gestetner-duplicator-duplicator-loewy-raymond-fernand/ Gestetner, Grace’s Guide to British Industrial History, http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Gestetner Duplicating machines such as this one revolutionalised access to copies of printed material, changing the way that educational bodies, offices, small businesses and community clubs and charities operated.Duplicating machine, Gestetner Cyclostyle Durotype, a stencil-method duplicating machine with two rotating drums plus rollers. Hand operated, tabletop office machine. Front has folding Bakelite handle, oil filling hole, calibrating gauge with scale, and copy counting meter. Right side has printed manufacturer’s plate that slides out as a paper output tray. Left side has metal plate with protrusions and perforations, plus another similar plate that is detached. It also has a metal frame attached [that would have been used to hold a paper input board, adjusted for various sizes of paper]. Cover, metal, with folding wooden handle on top, attaches to base with metal clips. Inscriptions printed on machine, mostly in gold-coloured paint. Round metal manufacturing plate is stamped with Serial Number 95759. Made by D. Gestetner, London, c.1922-1929Maker’s plate “MANUFACTURED / BY / D. GESTETNER LTD, / No. 95759 / CYCLOSTYLE WORKS / TOTTENHAM HALE / LONDON, N” Copy counting meter shows “1 4 6 4 8 [space]“ copies. Calibrating gauge has divisions with numbers “0 1 2“, labelled “← [left arrow] “TO PRINT LOWER” and “→ [right arrow], TO PRINT HIGHER”. “The Gestetner”, “Cyclostyle”, “Gestetner” (Trade Mark), Right side print of manufacturing details includes “The / Gestetner / TRADE MARK” And “THE FOLLOWING TRAFE MARKS / - - - OF INK, STENCILS / - - - AND GUARANTEE OF PERFECT / - - - BOTH - - - AND MACHINE” and “CYCLOSTYLE / DUROTYPE / GESTETNER” and “D. Gestetner” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, office machine, copying machine, gestetner machine, duplicating machine, duplicator, stencil machine, gestetner cyclograph company, cyclograph, cyclostyle, d. gestetner ltd, gestetner durotype stencils, gestetner cyclostyle, printing machine, office technology, durotype stencils, david gestetner, raymond loewy, roneo, rotary duplicatorten, mimeo, mimeograph machine, roneograph copier

The dinner took place on Tuesday 25th November 1958 at The Naval and Military Club; there is no indication of what the occasion might have been. The two caricatures are clearly of the same person and are signed by Pat Hanna, in the same style as the drawings in 01293 and 01290, it is possible that 'Donno' might have been Donovan Joynt though his name isn't in the autographs. (Donovan Joynt was a prominent original Legatee and VC winner in France in 1918, and looks similar to the drawing). It may not have been an official Legacy occasion but simply a gathering of Legatees at the Naval and Military Club. The artist Pat Hanna was a founding member of Melbourne Legacy. Legacy kept some of his works in the archive.As well as demonstrating the conviviality of Legatees, it attests to the food usually offered at dinners in the 1950s. The 'Papa au Rum' listed for dessert might have been a misprint for 'Baba au Rhum' which was popular at the time. Printed and folded menu card, black on white, with the menu printed in purple by a spirit duplicator; two handrawn blue ballpoint caricatures, autographed in blue biro by participants.14 autographs: F.Meldrum, James G. Gillespie, Frank Doolan, Aaron Beattie, Pat Hanna, J Wallace, R. Mitchell, Brian Armstrong, and the rest illegible. In black ink: 'The One & Only DONO' underlined on back page,' DONNO THE ONE & ONLY' inside front cover.comradeship, donovan joynt, hanna

Yields information about the operation of the electric Battery tram in Ballarat in 1888, prepared from notes by H.P. James.A letter/archive note prepared by Mr. L. Denmead of the SEC to the TMSV - 2 pages in 1964, about the battery tram trials in Ballarat, noting work of H.P. James of 24/10/1938. Handwritten and copied with a spirit duplicator.trams, tramways, ballarat, battery trams, duncan fraser

Demonstrates making a document strongly associated with a tram tour to Geelong by the AETA and the level of detail made in producing a document that was printed by a duplication process.Part (cover - missing 1 sheet) of a duplicated brochure, titled AETA "Souvenir brochure, Geelong and Queenscliff" - 1955 issued for the AETA tour to Geelong and Queenscliff, 2/4/1955 - part of itinerary, map of Geelong trams and list of tramcars. Printed using a Gestetner Duplicator. geelong trams, aeta, map, geelong, list

Invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld. A Spirit duplicator' refers to the alcohols that were a major component of the solvents used in the machine.Limited number of copies one could make from an original along with the low cost and corresponding low quality of copying. Used to make multiple copies of a document eg. in office at a school for eg. a newsletterUsed at Bogong Primary SchoolFormerly UKV 048 Solid black, heavy, steel machine on 4 legs with flat tray at the front and roller at the back. The roller has a cover on the sides and front. From the top you can see the silver roller which is operated by a handle on the right side. There is a small lever and 2 knobs on the same side.In gold on the back "Fordigraph" and "The Nipper Fordigraph" with a blue circle made by 3 arcs with arrows. 2 labels on one side, screwed on. The labels have a silver background and black print. "Off" and "On"fordigraph machine, copying

Memorandum printed using a spirit duplicator ruled (red and blue horizontal and red vertical) foolscap sheet titled "Roster Dept. 18-9-57 - Memo 15 - Brunswick Depot", giving adjustments to the Brunswick depot, Saturday timetables and headway and shunt arrangements - Moreland Road instead of Cameron St.trams, tramways, mmtb, rosters, brunswick depot, moreland rd, cameron st

Images of the DAISY circulation process - from receiving DAISY books in the mail and stacking them on the trolleys for return with Tim Mitchell, retrieving DAISY books from the vertical carousel and packaging them into mail pouches for dispatch, listening to DAISY books for quality checking, and loading the duplicator that burns copies of each disk with Ted Johnson.9 digital images of staff handling Daisy booksvision australia, library, audio books, tim mitchell, ted johnson

Memorandum printed using a duplicator process onto a foolscap sheet titled "Accident Prevention" from the Traffic Manager to All Traffic Officers, dated 18/9/1957, providing a review of the accidents for 1956 and 1957 year ends for both trams and buses. List the various types of accidents, injuries, falls, collisions, employees and public. Signed B. H. Misson as Traffic Manager.trams, tramways, mmtb, accidents, reports, collision

Poster - foolscap size advertising book "Romance of Australian Railways", drawn by David Frost, glued onto green cardboard and stapled onto cut down SEC roof ad (ex Hot water). Poster has sketch of two trams (SEC Ballarat 38) and a Sydney tram smooching. Has been printed by a duplicator process. Image added 20-12-2016. See Publication date of Romance of Australian Trams, 1978.trams, tramways, tram books, sales, roof ads

Report contained within a light brown card folder, containing many loose sheets, titled "East Doncaster Progress Association - Public Transport Survey - Report". About 50 pages, printed with a spirit duplicator. Not dated, possibly mid to late 1960's. Report stapled centrally along top edge., secured by a piece of adhesive tape. Includes comparisons between MMTB bus services and possible rail services. Section 2 - copy of questions on questionnaire, includes many comments.AETA stamp on front and inside sheet and "4E8" in ink on front cover.trams, tramways, doncaster, railways, mmtb, aeta

Articles in annual report include: the retirement of Mrs Esme Dunell MBE - former matron (nurse) of the nursery worked since 1960, 1971 she was awarded Churchill fellowship to investigate work for blind child in other countries, supporting the Anti Rubella Crusade, Margaret Fialides staff member awarded Churchill Fellowship study tour of major libraries and production centres for talking books in Europe, UK and USA, occupational centre in Raleigh Street keeps 36 people employed, establishment of a Vocational Development department, purchase of high-speed duplicators for the library, and the RVIB stand at Royal Melbourne show won 1st prize in their section.1 volume of text and illustrationsroyal victorian institute for the blind, corporation records

Letter produced by stencil or Gestetner process, dated 13/9/1971, by the City of Ballaarat, inviting Mr. L. J. Denmead to a Civic function to mark the occasion of the closure of the Ballarat Tramways on 20/9/1971. Printed onto quarto duplicator paper, with the name of the invitee written in using black ink. Has the City Crest, address, telephone number. Letter gives the details of the function, the occasion and that the newly appointed Chairman of the SEC, Mr. N. R. White will be attending, along with the Mayor, Cr. J.A. Chisholm and the Mayor of Sebastopol, Cr. N. F. Donald. Members of both council were to attend."Mr. L. J. Denmead"trams, tramways, closure, civic functions, city of ballaarat, sec

1239.1 - Notice to BTPS members about a Social Meeting to be held at St. Cuthbert's Church Hall, Sturt St. West on 27 Jan. 1972. Notes an inspection of the proposed track to Wendouree Parade and work commenced on the depot foundations. Signed by Hal Cain, President. Printed on pink paper using Stencil process. 1239.2 - Appeal form or notice to members, seeking funds to cover the cost of acquisition of tram No. 33, ($750) and transport ($450) from Hamilton. Gives notes on history of 33 in Hamilton. Donations to be sent to the Treasurer, Mrs. Dean in Box Hill. Gives date of return of tram 33 to Ballarat as 28 April 1977. Printed on yellow paper with duplicator process.1239.2 has "Nancy's" in top right hand corner in blue ink.museums btps, appeals, hamilton, social meetings

List of tramcars used in the Australia Day Pageant, 1982. Prepared by the MMTB, titled "Salute to Australia Pageant - Australia Day 1st February 1982", "Background details of Vintage Trams in Service" for use on 1/2/1982. Printed on both sides of pink sheet of foolscap paper, using a wax stencil and duplicator. Gives details of MMTB 214 (V), Ballarat 27, MMTB 180 (T), Bendigo 19, MMTB 104 (L) and standby tram MMTB 164 (S). Details tram number, date built, for built for, points of interest and present operator. Also lists other vintage passenger vehicle displays in Wellington Parade, abbreviations and list of significant events concerning Melbourne tramways.trams, tramways, australia day, mmtb, melbourne, tramcars, pageant

12 issues of BTPS Newsletter, titled "Information for Members and Interested Parties" from Oct. 1971 to May 1973, with sales sheets and other sheets. All printed, unless noted otherwise, on stencil duplicator using white duplicator paper, foolscap sized sheets. Listed by Neville Gower 10/98 on cover sheet. Some signed by Paul Nicholson Publicity Officer, some noted as edited by N.Gower. Oct. 1971 -pp2 - plus appeal for financial assistance Dec. 1971 - pp2 Jan. 1971 - p2 Feb. 1972 - pp2 - plus list of "Tramcar allocations in Melbourne 1/1/1972" - pp2 ( 2 copies) (with heat sensitive paper copy of this list, stapled in top left hand corner - pp2) Mar. 1972 - pp2 - plus list of disposal of SECV Ballarat tramcars - pp2 April May 1972 - orange paper, plus supplementary foolscap sheet on green paper, for "Bring back 39 to Ballarat", "Sales Department list" and "Driving Training" expression of interest. (2 copies) June-July 1972 - pp2 (2 copies)(copy imaged) September 1972 - pp2 - plus appeal for BTPS funds, p1 on yellow quarto paper. November 1972 - pp2 - plus sales items, 2 sheets, one on blue quarto paper December 1972 - pp2 - plus sale items, pp2 February 1973 - pp2 plus sales items pp2 on light blue paper May 1973 - pp2 plus sales items pp2 on light green paper, with advertisement of Jack Chadwick, Manager of B.V. Menswear Store of 251 Chapel St. Prahran. various notes, dates received, "Noelene's copy" and other notes on some issues in pencil and ink.museums btps, btps newsletters, publicity, sales items

List of tramcars used in the Australia Day Pageant, 1982. Prepared by the MMTB, titled "Salute to Australia Pageant - Australia Day 1st February 1982", "Background details of Vintage Trams in Service" for use on 1/2/1982. Printed on both sides of pink sheet of foolscap paper, using a wax stencil and duplicator. Gives details of MMTB 214 (V), Ballarat 27, MMTB 180 (T), Bendigo 19, MMTB 104 (L) and standby tram MMTB 164 (S). Details tram number, date built, for built for, points of interest and present operator. Also lists other vintage passenger vehicle displays in Wellington Parade, abbreviations and list of significant events concerning Melbourne tramways. 2nd copy added 22/08/04 - has had bottom section of sheet torn off. Images of this item shown.australia day, mmtb, melbourne, tramcars, pageant

5. Pocketbook issued to Australian Troops during the Vietnam War. Contents include: The War in South Vietnam, The People, Government Services, Armed Services, Viet Cong, Vietnamese Language, Useful information. 14. Details of Australia V US. Hill climb with program of Events, 22nd February 1970. 15. Details of dog races with fields listed on a six race program - 20th February 1970. 18. Document details departure itinerary (ex SVN) for K.J. HERDMAN. 27. Notebook contains names and addresses of US service personnel. Papers related to "Kevin John Herdman's" visit to South Vietnam from 18th February to 4th March 1970. Part of the Kevin John Herdman, No. 397661 Collection. See Cat. No. 5942P for details of his service. 27. Collection of documents related to K.J. Herdman. 1. Two page TAA flight ticket. Text in blue coloured type. Two baggage tickets stapled to front. 2. Single diary page with torn edge. Handwritten flight itinerary in section dated 16th February. 3. Two page QANTAS flight ticket. Text in red and black type. Flight details printed in purple type. 4. Printed flier outlining Australian Customs and Quarantine regulations. Recipient's name handwritten in black ink. 5. Green coloured soft cover pocketbook. 74 pages with cut edges. Black and white diagrams. Text in black type. 6. Small pamphlet with black type. Written in Vietnamese. 7. Foolscap sized 5 page document stapled on top LHC. Text in black type. Title "VISITS BY CMF OFFICERS TO VIETNAM". 8. A4 sized one page document with text in black type on one side only. Two sided pamphlet on blue paper stapled to top LHC. Black type on pamphlet. Title "NINE RULES FOR AUSTRALIAN ARMY FORCES IN VIETNAM." 9. Two page A4 sized document with text in black type. Text on one side of each page. Title "AUSTRALIAN FORCE VIETNAM, RTA BRIEFING NOTES - QANTAS CHARTER, SAIGON/SYDNEY". 10. Foolscap signed proforma oriented in landscape. Title: AUSTRALIAN MILITARY FORCES, VISITS BY CMF OFFICERS TO SYN". Details of personnel in black type. 11. Quarto sized two page document with printing on one side. Text in black type. Staple in top LHC. Title: "CMF VISITOR - LT. K.J. HERDMAN, (ITINERARY FOR LT. K.J. HERDMAN)". 12. Quarto sized two page document with printing on one side. Text in black type. Staple in top LHC. Title: " CMF VISITOR - LT K.J. HERDMAN (ITINERARY FOR LT. K.J.HERDMAN)" 13. A4 sized document with text in black type. Text on one side only. Title: CMF VISITOR - LT. K.J. HERDMAN". 14. Foolscap sized document with text in black type. Printing on one side. Title: "LONG HI HILL CLIMB". 15. Quarto sized document with text in black type. Printing on one side. Title: "DAT DO DOGS". 16. Foolscap sized 9 page document with text on one side. Printing in black type. Pages stapled together in top LHC. Title: "1 ATF G INSTRUCTIONS 14/69, SUPPLIES, POL AND AMMUNITION HOLDINGS". 17. A4 sized document with text on one side. Printing in black type. TITLE; "AMENDMENT 1 TO Q INSTRUCTION 14/69, DATED 23 OCT 69". 18. A4 SIZED DOCUMENT WITH TEXT ON BOTH SIDES. PRINTING IN BLACK TYPE. 19. Foolscap sized 3 page document with staple in top LHC. Text on page 1 in black type. Text on pages 2 & 3 in purple type. Pages are entitled "TEMA FLYING PROGRAMME - CH 47". 20. Foolscap sized 7 page document with text in black type. Printing on one side. Title: " OPERATIONS BREF - DET 52 SUP PL RAASC, REPUBLIC SOUTH VIETNAM (1967-69)", Dated 20 Sept, 69. 21. Foolscap sized 2 page document with text in black type. Printing on one side. Pages stapled on top LHC. Title: " Q INSTRUCTION 15/69, RETURN OF PRODUCE, " Dated 16 Oct 69. 22. Foolscap sized single page document with text in black type. Printing on one side. Title: " Q INSTRUCTION 19/69, RETURN AND DISPOSAL OF UNSERVICEABLE AMMUNITION" Dated 5 Nov 69. 23. Foolscap sized single page proforma with text and lines in black. No handwritten details. Title: "26 TRANSPORT COY RAASC VEHICLE SERVICEABILITY/AVAILABILITY STATE". 24. Foolscap sized single page proforma with text and lines in black. No handwritten details. Title: "DAILY EMPLOYMENT STATE, 85 TPT PL RAASC". 25. Foolscap sized single page document. Text and lines in purple. Reproduced on a spirit duplicator. Title: "INDENTING PROGRAMME FRESH". 26. Foolscap sized single sheet proforma with text and lines in black. No handwritten details. Title: DAILY MAINT MOVEMENT PLANNING TABLE". Printing on both sides. 27. Red and white covered note book. Title on front and details on back in black type. Lined pages. Handwritten information on most pages. 28. Illustrated Christmas Card. Illustration features an angel and the three Magi. Printing on inside in black. Handwritten message in black ink. 1. Passenger details handwritten in blue, carbon copy. 2. Itinerary notes handwritten in blue ink. 3. Handwritten in black ink: "CAPT K.J. HERDMAN". Flight details printed in purple coloured text. 4. Handwritten in black ink : "KEVIN JOHN HERDMAN". 7. Handwritten in black ink on page 1: LT. K. HERDMAN, 6 Coy RAASC, 17 Feb 70." Handwritten in black ink on last page: "1. Ensure teeth are all O.K., 2. Have you still got your tags Identity? (Signature). 11. Handwritten on top RHC of page 1: "CAPT A". 12. Handwritten on top RHC of page 1: "LT HERDMAN". 27. Handwritten notes in black ink on various pages. 28. Handwritten in black ink on inside of card: "Hello Kevin, Perhaps you remember the 62nd Trans. Company at Long Bing? I completely enjoyed your brief stay. If you are ever in the U.S. do stop by. Have a Merry Christmas to you and yours. Margo and Jack Olsen." vietnam war, army, training notes, kevin john herdman