An Austox "Dental and Midwifery" (D-M) Machine on a stand with castors. The machine has attached black corrugated tubing with masks to go over the nose and mouth. There are two white, circular chambers on either side of the machine into which oxygen and nitrous oxide respectively were piped.anaesthesia, midwifery, dentistry, nitrous oxide, oxygen gas, oxygen

When Hewitt introduced his regulating stopcock in 1887, attempts were made to dilute the nitrous oxide with air and so obviate the element of asphyxiation. The method was to be seen in London, mainly in dentistry and minor surgery, so late as 1930. It was not very successful. To give even 10% of oxygen (which is not enough) the gas-mixture must contain 55% of air and 45% of nitrous oxide. The latter is thus so diluted by atmospheric nitrogen as to be incapable of producing anaesthesia except by asphyxiation. "Gas-air" was confined to analgesia, for example in midwifery. (Source: Penn catalogue)Brown leather facemask attached to metal inhaler and stopcock device that has been sectioned to reveal its inner workings. The various exposed channels have been painted either green, red, blue or purple.Engraved into side of stopcock: HEWITT'S / N20-02 / 1895 / G. Kaye sect. 1952. •Stamped into other side of stopcock: [indecipherable] BARTH & CO. / SOLE MAKERS / 54. POLAND STREET LONDON.W.frederic hewitt, stopcock, nitrous oxide, oxygen, gas-air

The Clark apparatus is sectioned across the top on one side only, and the inside of the sectioned area is painted with red and blue. Part of the outside of the main body of the apparatus is painted red. The apparatus has four identical arms coming out of opposite sides of the body that end in spoon-shaped loops, each with screws connected to black knobs coming through them. There is a red handle that runs parallel to the body and arms of the apparatus, jutting out from the middle of the top of it. The apparatus is on a black cast iron stand on castors, with gold decoration throughout.ether, nitrous oxide, oxygen, gas, anaesthesia

The Austox "Dental and Midwifery" (D-M) machine has been sectioned for teaching purposes. Namely, one of the two white, circular chambers on either side of the machine has been sectioned to show the tambour inside, as has the central valve and one of a connection point below the chamber on the left. The two chambers are connected to the central pole by thin metal tubes and are attached with metal framing.anaesthesia, dentistry, midwifery, nitrous oxide, oxygen, oxygen gas, sectioned, sectioning

The oxygen cylinder is a small, round-based cylinder painted in black that has been sectioned in the shoulder, neck, and valve area for teaching purposes. The sectioned valve area is wooden and has been colour-coded with red and blue paint for teaching purposes. There is a metal screw embedded into the wooden valve. The manufacturer's name, "G. BARTH & CO.", has been stamped into the back of the valve.Inscription on back of valve. "G. BARTH & CO."anaesthesia, oxygen, gas, sectioned

The Orsat was returned to the Historical Collection by Len Taylor, former staff member of SMB. For a period of time it was with Gary Price who rebuilt the Orsat to working order. Gary used a similar apparatus at Sidchrome and Ballarat Heat Treatment Pty. The Orsat apparatus is used to measure volumes of Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Carbon Monoxide within a fixed volume of a sample of gas.Timber box with lift up front revealing a number of valves, pressure measure and glass container of red liquid attached to hose. Gas analysis apparatusorsat, len taylor, gary price, carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, gas, measure, apparatus

This Boyle’s machine was made by the British Oxygen Company (BOC) in the 1950’s. The original Boyle's machine was invented by the British anaesthetist, Henry Boyle in 1917. His machine was a modification of the American Gwathmey apparatus of 1912, and became the best known early continuous flow anaesthetic machine. The Boyle’s machine was first made by Coxeter and Sons, under the direction of Lord George Wellesly, which was later acquired by the British Oxygen Company (BOC). Though a lot of changes have been made to the original design of the Boyle’s machine, the basic structure remains the same today.Green trolley on casters with flowmeter and vaporiser bottles attached to a stainless cross bar. There is a glass shelf at top of the trolley and a second glass shelf at base of trolley, above a pull out drawer. The pull out drawer contains 4 x black rubber masks, 3 x black rubber tubing connectors, 4 x seals, 1 a black corrugated rubber hose with red rebreather bag, red tube and masonite support board.Tin plate attached to upper portion of trolley: THE / BOYLE / apparatus / BY THE BRITISH OXYGEN CO. LTD.henry boyle, anaesthetic machine, gas, oxygen, flowmeter, nitrous oxide, british oxygen company, boc, coxeter and sons

Medium sized diamond shaped label made for use on cyclopropane cylinders. White with a dark orange background and black and white lettering.Information printed on label: AUSTOX [logo] / INFLAMMABLE / CYCLOPROPANE / FOR ANAESTHESIA / KEEP COOL / (PRODUCT OF THE OHIO CHEMICAL & MFG. CO.) / CONTENTS: OZ. GALLONS (IMP.) / GROSS WT. CYLINDER LBS. OZS. / TARE WT. CYLINDER LBS. OZS. / AUSTRALIAN OXYGEN & INDUSTRIAL GASES / PTY. LTD. / 550 LATROBE STREET / MELBOURNE / C1label, cylinder, cig, cyclopropane, austox, ohio chemical and mfg company, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd, commonwealth industrial gases ltd

The Renton circle valve absorber has been sectioned to show the valve connection points. The inside is a creamy brown colour, encased in black on the outside. A larger silver metal valve runs through the centre, and to it attaches a flat, reflective silver metal disc as a dial indicating "EXH", "ABS", and "REB", with a black needle. The system includes tubes and valves for oxygen entry, gas expiration, connection to soda lime cannister, rotary valve, and rebreather bag, with a broken, deteriorated segment of the bag still attached.valve, anaesthesia, soda lime, rebreathing

Large unused diamond shaped Austox label made for use on ethylene cylinders. Red with beige lettering.Information printed on label: AUSTOX [logo] / INFLAMMABLE / ETHYLENE / KEEP COOL / Product of the British Oxygen Co. Ltd. / Contents...............c.ft. ...............gallons (Imp.) / Weight of Full Cylinder ..........lbs. ..........ozs. / 31 OUNCES ETHYLENE = 166 1/2 GALLONS (IMPERIAL) / Use only moderate force when closing valve / Always test with water for leakage after using / Australian Oxygen & Industrial Gases / Pty. Ltd. / MELBOURNElabel, cylinder, cig, ethylene, austox, british oxygen company, boc, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd, commonwealth industrial gases ltd

Large unused diamond shaped Austox label made for use on carbogen cylinders. Beige with a black border, and green and red lettering.Information printed on label: SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR MEDICAL USES. / AUSTOX [logo] / COMPRESSED / CARBOGEN / CO2..........% OXYGEN.......... / (The percentages stated above are subject to tolerance) / KEEP COOL [in red] / CONTENTS: Imperial Gallons / WARNING - Great caution must be exercised to prevent any oil entering the cylinder, or being applied to the valve or fittings. The use of oil may lead to a dangerous explosion. [in red] / Australian Oxygen & Industrial Gases / Pty. Ltd. / MELBOURNElabel, cylinder, austox, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd, carbogen, compressed carbogen

Large unused diamond shaped Austox label made for use on ethylene cylinders. Beige with red lettering.Information printed on label: SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR MEDICAL USE / AUSTOX [logo] / INFLAMMABLE / ETHYLENE / KEEP COOL / Product of the OHIO CHEMICAL & MFG. CO., CLEVELAND. / Contents...............c.ft. ............... gallons (Imp.) / Weight of Full Cylinder ..........lbs. ..........ozs. / 31 OUNCES ETHYLENE = 166 1/2 GALLONS (IMPERIAL) / Use only moderate force when closing valve / Always test with water for leakage after using / Australian Oxygen & Industrial Gases / Pty. Ltd. / MELBOURNElabel, cylinder, cig, ethylene, austox, ohio chemical and mfg company, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd, commonwealth industrial gases ltd

Large unused diamond shaped Austox label made for use on carbon dioxide cylinders. Black and beige background, with beige and red lettering.Information printed on label: SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR MEDICAL USES. / AUSTOX [logo] / COMPRESSED / CARBON DIOXIDE / KEEP COOL [in red] / WEIGHTS: / GROSS..........LBS. ........OZS. / TARE..........LBS. ........OZS. / NET..........LBS. .......OZS. / Contents Imp. Gallons / USE NO OIL OR GREASE ON VALVE [in red] / AUSTRALIAN OXYGEN / AND / INDUSTRIAL GASES / PTY. LTD. / MELBOURNElabel, cylinder, carbon dioxide, cig, commonwealth industrial gases ltd, compressed carbon dioxide, austox, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd

Large unused diamond shaped Austox label made for use on nitrous oxide cylinders. Dark purple, violet and white background, with white, violet and red lettering.Information printed on label: SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR MEDICAL USES. / AUSTOX [logo] / NITROUS OXIDE / KEEP COOL / WEIGHTS: / GROSS..........LBS. ........OZS. / TARE.......... LBS. ........OZS. / NET..........LBS. ........OZS. / Contents Imp. Gallons / WARNING. - Great caution must be exercised to prevent any oil entering the cylinder, or being applied to the valve or fittings. The use of oil may lead to a dangerous explosion. / AUSTRALIAN OXYGEN / AND / INDUSTRIAL GASES / PTY. LTD. / MELBOURNElabel, cylinder, austox, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd, nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide has been used for anaesthesia in dentistry since December 1844, where Horace Wells made the first 12–15 dental operations with the gas in Hartford. Its debut as a generally accepted method, however, came in 1863, when Gardner Quincy Colton introduced it more broadly at all the Colton Dental Association clinics, that he founded in New Haven and New York City. Hospitals administer nitrous oxide as one of the anaesthetic drugs delivered by anaesthetic machines. Nitrous oxide is a weak general anaesthetic, and so is generally not used alone in general anaesthesia. In general anaesthesia it is used as a carrier gas with oxygen for more powerful general anaesthetic drugs.Medium size empty blue coloured cylinder with rounded base and painted white neck once containing Nitrous Oxide. A large blue on white diamond shaped label is adhered onto the main cylinder body.Printed on manufacturer's label: 'CIG [logo] / [blank weights table] / DRY / NITROUS OXIDE / C.I.G. (Victoria) PTY. LTD. / 50 LA TROBE STREET, MELBOURNE C3 / Telephones: FJ 6681 / FJ 4164 / USE NO OIL / OR GREASE'nitrous oxide, dental anaesthesia, dental anesthesia, gardner quincy colton, colton dental association

In 1903 the oxyacetylene welding process was developed. Around the same time, new cryogenic air separation processes, based on work undertaken by Carl von Linde and others, replaced the barium oxide process. This paved the way for larger scale and more efficient production. British Oxygen Company, [1905 to 1969] was formally BRIN'S Oxygen Company Ltd from 1886 to 1905. In 1969 it became BOC. These Blowpipes were used at the Ballarat School of Mine c1916 Interesting article = 1917. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1629321Boxed Universal Blow Pipe, presented under a perspex top. Pipes mounted by metal bar and hooks to polished wooden board. Display case is 69.0cm x 12.0cm x 25.0cmBoth pipes have metal plates indicating information of maker.blowpipes, ocyacetylene, ballarat school of mines, welding, cutting, commonwealth industrial gases, boc, brin's oxygen company, british oxygen company

These items were removed from the Mt Helen Campus S-Building before refurbishment in September 2015They are made of grey metal and have orange rubber tubes attached, connecting them to gas when necessary. They have a ring of metal around the base to control the oxygen. .3) is manufactured by Analite Pty Ltd .4) is an image only.bunsen burner, laboratory, science, scientific equipment

Red hardcover book, 690 pages, including index and illustrations.non-fictionintermediate, inorganic chemistry, j w mellor, andrew a orrock, properties of gases, the chemical nature of air, ice water and steam, mixtures and compounds, three gases hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen, the atomic hypothesis, the composition of water

A candle snuffer is an instrument used to extinguish burning candles. This is accomplished by smothering the flame with a small metal cup that is suspended from a long handle, and thus depriving it of oxygen. The use of a candle snuffer helps to avoid problems associated with blowing hot wax. Candle snuffers are still commonly used Churches. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity, candles and kerosene lamps were used for lighting in households after sunsetEvery Early settlers depended on candlelight after sunset and candle snuffs were a safe, clean and efficient way to extinguish the candle flameThis candle snuff has a brass handle with a turned polished wood tip. The brass cup, that is placed over the flame to extinguish it, is decorated with an engraved brass moth.early settlers, pioneers, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, market gardeners, lights, lamps, candles

This gas anaesthesia machine comprises a four yolk manifold, two circular metal components for nitrous oxide and two for oxygen. It is mounted atop a four pointed stand on casters for portability. In addition to reducing valves and regulators, the main stand also supports a cream-coloured, cylindrical Austox fractional rebreather and an ether vaporiser with variable bypass control within a circular glass container. portable, anaesthesia, midwifery, dentistry, obstetrics, oxygen, nitrous oxide, commonwealth industrial gases ltd, cig, austox fractional rebreather, ether vaporiser, variable bypass control, 1950

Sir Frederick William Hewitt was a great advocate of nitrous oxide anaesthesia, mainly for short procedures. In 1885, he reviewed the methods of administration and concluded that accurately fitting valves were essential at the commencement of the inhalation, in order to ensure the rapid washout of air from the lungs; and there was a distinct advantage in allowing some rebreathing of nitrous oxide towards the end of inhalation. He thus devised the stopcock. The stopcock consists of a cylinder with two rotating sleeves and two rubber flap valves. The arrangement allows air to be breathed either through the valves or rebreathed to and from the bag; nitrous oxide to be breathed either through the valves from the bag and out to the atmosphere or rebreathed to and from the bag. Soon after the introduction of this stopcock, there was an increased interest in administering oxygen in combination with nitrous oxide.Amber coloured ether inhaler, with leather mask, celluloid shield and inflatable cushion with attached Hewitt's stopcock.hewitt, stopcock, celluloid, ether, inhaler, mask, rebreathing

Early cylinders were coloured as their maker saw fit, usually black, perhaps with a white top for oxygen. The Americans first achieved standardisation, but other countries do not follow American Standards. Australia follows the colour-scheme of the British Oxygen Corporation. The body is coloured individually for each gas, viz: compressed air, grey; carbon dioxide, brown; oxygen, black; nitrous oxygen, blue’ cyclopropane, primrose-yellow’ ethylene, mauve. Panels of other colours may appear on the body, but indicate technical points of cylinder-design and do not concern the anaesthetist. (Penn catalogue entry)Empty small pale green painted cylinder with rounded base and attached outflow valve with circular 'On-Off' knob.Handwritten in red paint across the main body of the cylinder: ST. VINCENTS 32510 Printed on manufacturer's label: 'KEEP CYLINDER COOL / CIG [logo] / MADE IN AUSTRALIA / MEDICAL AIR COMPRESSED / DO NOT ALLOW OIL OR GREASE ON VALVE / OPEN VALVE SLOWLY CLOSE AFTER USEcompressed air, cylinder, colour standardisation

A funnel, held above the patient's face, was almost the standard of giving oxygen until c.1930. It was quite useless, enriching the inhaled atmosphere by only about 3% of oxygen.Clear dimpled glass in the shape of a funnel, with red strong running through the centre, and tied to one side.oxygen, oxygen therapy, funnel, cig, commonwealth industrial gases

The Dräeger Pulmotor was developed in 1907. It addressed previous concerns about lung injury, by limiting both the inspiratory and expiratory pressures. Although still controversial, the Pulmotor was widely distributed and commercially successful. Oxygen from cylinders provided both the inspiratory gas flow and the driving mechanism. Expiration was an active process and gases were sucked from the lungs by negative pressure created by a Venturi effect. This device came with a facemask and harness, with a caution that the operator should take care to prevent air entering the stomach.Draeger resuscitation kit, inside wooden case with handle. Case contains small heavy gas cylinder with large beige handwritten 'S. M E' inscription on one side. Due to water damage case missing pieces of plywood in corner and floor of case bubbled and swollen.|Rubber decomposed rigidinspiratory, expiratory, pulmotor, negative pressure

With the introduction of nitrous oxide for patients undergoing dental treatment, 100% nitrous oxide was usually administered as an anaesthetic. This caused the patient to lose consciousness quickly and could also cause severe hypoxia. In the late 1890s, dentist Samuel Stockton White introduced this two cylinder apparatus, which could administer oxygen with N2O.Early model apparatus with cast iron stand, and two gas bottles. Comes with two canvas gas bags and a detached metal mask and fabric connecting tube.samuel stockton white, nitrous oxide, oxygen, hypoxia

Humidicribs are used to transport sick babies from small hospitals to major hospitals for specialist care. They work by maintaining normal body temperature and provide oxygen if needed during ambulance transit. Known by a variety of commercial names, earlier humidicribs were ones heated with water bottles. Not part of an ambulances standard equipment, humidicribs are kept in ambulance stations and carried if babies needed to be transported. In the early days before humidicribs came into use and when air ambulances did not exist, many more babies died during emergency transits than do today Manufactured by the Commonwealth Industrial Gases Limited (better known as CIG), Australian-made Port-O-Cot brand humidicribs came replaced timber home-made humidicribs. They had electrical heating and easy to control oxygen flow and humidity control equipment. CIG also noted that noted that: Once the baby has been placed inside, the cot need not be opened, all nursing operations being carried out through the iris armholes. Even though the baby is in complete isolation nursing is a straight forward matter… The iris armholes allow nurses to feed, weigh, take temperatures, change napkins or, in fact, carry out any procedures without changing or disturbing the atmosphere within the cot. Happily for ambulance officers and nurses, the new Port-O-Cots were also much lighter and easy to carry than their old timber ones! metal box with carry handles and Perspex opening top. Carry handles at each end.PORT-O-COTinfant

hard red leather case with oxy valvesMA38 oxy-viva operating instructions

For medical emergencies at Gabo Island. Unsure if ever used. The portable, manual resuscitator kit is contained in its original green vinyl, hinged case that has corner protectors and two metal front fasteners. Information on the case indicates that it is an ‘Air CIG Viva Resuscitator’. It was used for manual force feeding oxygen into a person’s lungs with the use of a breathing bag, and there are instructions for using the resuscitating bag. The kit was produced by the Commonwealth Industrial Gases Limited, Alexandria, NSW, a company active between 1935 and 1994. An identical kit, which has been accurately dated to 1951, remains at the Cape Otway Lightstation . Another identical kit is held by the Ambulance Historical Society Victoria.Both kits have first level contributory significance for their historic values and provenance.Resuscitator box, green vinyl, hinged handle at top. Two metal fasteners on front, metal plated corners on lid. White thread stitching around edges. Case contains a resuscitator kit.On case "Air CIG Viva Resuscitator. "On sticker "C. of A. D.O.T. 141545"