Showing 118 items matching "remote areas"
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Moorabbin Air MuseumDrawing (item) - Acrylic paintings of Convair 340 Ansett Silhouette comparisons of 767 and Fokker universal Fokker universal Lockheed Electra Boeing 767 727 DC3 Posters of De Havilland drover 727 1987 Moorabbin air show S E 5A instrument panel Ansett 50th anniversary album 31 Beaufighter squadron signed poster FA 18 hornet Sopwith camel Gloster meteor RAAF roundels and insignia F111 Orion P3C Iroquois helicopter FA18 Caribou Ansett 1936 to 1957 Hawker Typhoon Hawker Sea fury Signed poster of various RAAF typhoon squadrons Nieuport biplane RAAF Flying units and Squadrons Australian defence force medals History of RAAF 1921 to 1971 Marshalling signals Battle of Britain survivors article and Poster Lufthansa 747 CRJ200 Kendell airlines Mustang plane and car together m 1988 round Australia race Ansett West Australian airline Damaged Hurricane in workshop Japanese aircraft identification The Last of the Few Qantas recalls 1920 - 1970 MAF serving churches in remote areas Royal flying doctor 1920 - 1978 Douglas C 47 England to Australia 1934 - 1935 Around Australia 1988 CF-650 jet engine airflow Canadair DC-4M north star UIVER KLM memorial flight 1984 also 1934 flight poster Australian Gazette 1710 to 1970 Beaufighters attacking tanker Europe Qantas Air Niugini 4 posters TAA flight deck club Ansett posters Military Helicopters HMAS Albatross 1948 - 1988 RAAF gasoline posters CAC factory photos of Sabre jet manufacture DE Havilland Comet 1934 RAAF military aircraft Wait for help when loading practice bombs RAAF flags Wamira Douglas DC 3 50th anniversary Australian forces badges of rank Emergency access pints for Dakota Wirraway Bristol freighter Wackett Warrigul Boeing Vertol Boomerang Desoutter Koolhoven Gestapo hunters Mosquitos Aarhus, Miscellaneous Aircraft Drawings
... Acrylic paintings of Convair 340 Ansett Silhouette comparisons of 767 and Fokker universal Fokker universal Lockheed Electra Boeing 767 727 DC3 Posters of De Havilland drover 727 1987 Moorabbin air show S E 5A instrument panel Ansett 50th anniversary album 31 Beaufighter squadron signed poster FA 18 hornet Sopwith camel Gloster meteor RAAF roundels and insignia F111 Orion P3C Iroquois helicopter FA18 Caribou Ansett 1936 to 1957 Hawker Typhoon Hawker Sea fury Signed poster of various RAAF typhoon squadrons Nieuport biplane RAAF Flying units and Squadrons Australian defence force medals History of RAAF 1921 to 1971 Marshalling signals Battle of Britain survivors article and Poster Lufthansa 747 CRJ200 Kendell airlines Mustang plane and car together m 1988 round Australia race Ansett West Australian airline Damaged Hurricane in workshop Japanese aircraft identification The Last of the Few Qantas recalls 1920 - 1970 MAF serving churches in remote areas Royal flying doctor 1920 - 1978 Douglas C 47 England to Australia 1934 - 1935 Around Australia 1988 CF-650 jet engine airflow Canadair DC-4M north star UIVER KLM memorial flight 1984 also 1934 flight poster Australian Gazette 1710 to 1970 Beaufighters attacking tanker Europe Qantas Air Niugini 4 posters TAA flight deck club Ansett posters Military Helicopters HMAS Albatross 1948 - 1988 RAAF gasoline posters CAC factory photos of Sabre jet manufacture DE Havilland Comet 1934 RAAF military aircraft Wait for help when loading practice bombs RAAF flags Wamira Douglas DC 3 50th anniversary Australian forces badges of rank Emergency access pints for Dakota Wirraway Bristol freighter Wackett Warrigul Boeing Vertol Boomerang Desoutter Koolhoven Gestapo hunters Mosquitos Aarhus ...Moorabbin Air Museum Moorabbin Airport 12 First Street Moorabbin melbourne Miscellaneous Aircraft Drawings Drawing Acrylic paintings of Convair 340 Ansett Silhouette comparisons of 767 and Fokker universal Fokker universal Lockheed Electra Boeing 767 727 DC3 Posters of De Havilland drover 727 1987 Moorabbin air show S E 5A instrument panel Ansett 50th anniversary album 31 Beaufighter squadron signed poster FA 18 hornet Sopwith camel Gloster meteor RAAF roundels and insignia F111 Orion P3C Iroquois helicopter FA18 Caribou Ansett 1936 to 1957 Hawker Typhoon Hawker Sea fury Signed poster of various RAAF typhoon squadrons Nieuport biplane RAAF Flying units and Squadrons Australian defence force medals History of RAAF 1921 to 1971 Marshalling signals Battle of Britain survivors article and Poster Lufthansa 747 CRJ200 Kendell airlines Mustang plane and car together m 1988 round Australia race Ansett West Australian airline Damaged Hurricane in workshop Japanese aircraft identification The Last of the Few Qantas recalls 1920 - 1970 MAF serving churches in remote areas Royal flying doctor 1920 - 1978 Douglas C 47 England to Australia 1934 - 1935 Around Australia 1988 CF-650 jet engine airflow Canadair DC-4M north star UIVER KLM memorial flight 1984 also 1934 flight poster Australian Gazette 1710 to 1970 Beaufighters attacking tanker Europe Qantas Air Niugini 4 posters TAA flight deck club Ansett posters Military Helicopters HMAS Albatross 1948 - 1988 RAAF gasoline posters CAC factory photos of Sabre jet manufacture DE Havilland Comet 1934 RAAF military aircraft Wait for help when loading practice bombs RAAF flags Wamira Douglas DC 3 50th anniversary Australian forces badges of rank Emergency access pints for Dakota Wirraway Bristol freighter Wackett Warrigul Boeing Vertol Boomerang Desoutter Koolhoven Gestapo hunters Mosquitos Aarhus ... -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyFirst Aid Case
... ...remote areas...Living, working, recreational activities in remote areas require precautions including a First Aid Kit....Kiewa Valley Historical Society Mount Beauty Information Centre 31 Bogong High Plains Rd Mt Beauty high-country Living, working, recreational activities in remote areas require precautions including a First Aid Kit. first aid kit first aid case sanax remote areas Outside on the lid: "Sanax" / First Aid / Case Brown rectangular case with a brown curved handle at one end and 2 clip fasteners at the front with a sliding lock fastener in the middle of them. ...Living, working, recreational activities in remote areas require precautions including a First Aid Kit.Brown rectangular case with a brown curved handle at one end and 2 clip fasteners at the front with a sliding lock fastener in the middle of them. All corners are reinforced. The inside has a lift out box, bandages, medication, tourniquet, snake/spider bite medication. There is a First Aid / Emergency / Instructions booklet inside the top of the case's lid.Outside on the lid: "Sanax" / First Aid / Casefirst aid kit, first aid case, sanax, remote areas -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Rogers L C, My Journey from the Snowy River, 1982
... Reminiscences of life in remote areas of Victoria at the turn of the Century by a son of a pioneering family of the Black Mountain in East Gippsland....Lakes Entrance Historical Society 4 Marine Parade Lakes Entrance gippsland Settlers Reminiscences of life in remote areas of Victoria at the turn of the Century by a son of a pioneering family of the Black Mountain in East Gippsland. ...Reminiscences of life in remote areas of Victoria at the turn of the Century by a son of a pioneering family of the Black Mountain in East Gippsland.settlers -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Mortimer Wallace Malcolm, History of Wonnangatta Station, 1985
... The story of Wonnangatta Station in Victoria High Country, and the hardy people who settled and carved a living in the remote area....Lakes Entrance Historical Society 4 Marine Parade Lakes Entrance gippsland Settlement Agriculture The story of Wonnangatta Station in Victoria High Country, and the hardy people who settled and carved a living in the remote area. History of Wonnangatta Station Book Mortimer Wallace Malcolm ...The story of Wonnangatta Station in Victoria High Country, and the hardy people who settled and carved a living in the remote area.settlement, agriculture -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Timber Workers, 2001
... Contains short references to the workers, schools, and the hardships of life in this remote area especially for the women....Contains short references to the workers, schools, and the hardships of life in this remote area especially for the women. Timber Workers Book ...A souvenir booklet of the Rubicon Timber Workers reunion at Alexandra, Victoria. Contains short references to the workers, schools, and the hardships of life in this remote area especially for the women.timber industry, schools, natural disasters -
Nhill Aviation Heritage CentreMemorabilia - Fuel drum
... Commonly used during WWII as fuel supply particularly in remote areas...Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre 1 Aerodrome Road Nhill grampians Commonly used during WWII as fuel supply particularly in remote areas D of D 44 Gallon Drum Dept of Defence Memorabilia Fuel drum ...Commonly used during WWII as fuel supply particularly in remote areas44 Gallon Drum Dept of DefenceD of D -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyBooks x3 - Walking on the Bogong High Plains, 1. The Alpine Track Walhalla to Mt Bogong. 2. Bogong High Plains and Adjacent Peaks both by John Siseman 3. Alpine Safety Manual
... Books were published to guide walkers travelling long distances in remote areas increasing their safety and giving them independence....Kiewa Valley Historical Society Mount Beauty Information Centre 31 Bogong High Plains Rd Mt Beauty high-country Books were published to guide walkers travelling long distances in remote areas increasing their safety and giving them independence. ...Books were published to guide walkers travelling long distances in remote areas increasing their safety and giving them independence.Bogong High Plains and Mt Bogong are at the upper end of the Kiewa Valley where local people and visitors spend their leisure time, walking.1. and 2. both written by John Siseman, small (pocket size), includes maps and black & white photos. The covers are colored photos with the title at the top. 1. has 78 pages and 2. has 63 pages.The Alpine Safety Manual (in yellow) is twice the size of the others and published by the Department of State Development, Decentralization and Tourism.It has 40 pages, coloured and black & white photos and is held by 2 staples.bush walking, bogong high plais, walhalla to mt bogong, alpine track -
Orbost & District Historical SocietyPhotograph - Cann river photos, Vogt, Stanley, 1910 - 1930s
... This was a very remote area, connected by poor roads to Orbost. ...This was a very remote area, connected by poor roads to Orbost. ...These three photos show the early development of Cann River as a small township in the early 20th Century. This was a very remote area, connected by poor roads to Orbost. These three photos are significant early photos of the Cann River district. 2711.1 B/w. photo/postcard showing a road passing through a small collection of buildings. On the right foreground is a building with the sign Tea Rooms. To the middle of the photo is a dark coloured building which looks like a church. Tall trees in the background, along with some cleared land. 2711.2 B/w photo/postcard of two buildings, one with the sign-board 'Cann River Hotel'. Four people standing in front of this building, along with a cat, dog, and sheep. There is also fences and a gate. 2711.3 B/w photo/postcard showing a group of people in the centre, with large trees, a simple roofed building, and cleared land in the front. Many of the people are wearing hats, and some umbrellas. Women with long dresses. 2711.1 on the front: Scene at Cann River. On back: St James Church, CRB board houses, butcher's shop, Massey Herbert's Store (Hunts), Cape Everard Road. 2711.2 on the sign-board of a building: Cann River Hotel. On back: C H Tuckey, Sale 2711.3 on the front of the card: At the Cann River Show. Stanley Vogt, Bairnsdale cann river, cann river show, cann river hotel -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyMagazines - Health, 1951, 1952, 1973, 1974, 1962
... Magazines with written Information was subscribed to by families at the time as transport and technology was not readily available in remote areas. ...Magazines with written Information was subscribed to by families at the time as transport and technology was not readily available in remote areas. The Upper Kiewa Valley situated in a remote part of Victoria didn't have easy access to health information. ...These magazines published articles on health for the family giving up to date information with diagrams on common health problems. Magazines with written Information was subscribed to by families at the time as transport and technology was not readily available in remote areas. The Upper Kiewa Valley situated in a remote part of Victoria didn't have easy access to health information. These magazines were available to farmers in the Kiewa Valley and to the workers and their families during the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme from the 1940s. With the introduction of improved transport and technology magazines eventually became less popular as a source of information. They are of interest in that they indicate the medical knowledge of the time and can thus be compared to current day knowledge.11 magazines with colorful covers and the occassional colored picture inside. Each has 32 pages. Periodicals - March, may, July, Sept, Nov. 1951 & jan. 1952. Also - Jan-Feb., Sept-Oct. 1973 and Mar, July-aug. 1974 Also Australian Women's Weekly supplement magazine 'Family Medical Guide' March 1962 with 47 pages. Inserted is a 16 page supplement (also Women's Weekly) dated Aug. 1976 titled 'Poison & First Aidhealth, magazines, medical guide, kiewa hydro electric scheme, kiewa valley -
Vision Australia
Audio (item) - Sound recording, Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind, Around the Institute: March 20, 2001
... March 20: Job Track program – Karen McKenzie, Early childhood services in rural and remote areas – Rob Last. ...March 20: Job Track program – Karen McKenzie, Early childhood services in rural and remote areas – Rob Last. Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind Radio shows 1 digital sound file in WAV format Around the Institute: March 20, 2001 Audio Sound recording Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind ...Around the Institute was a weekly program designed to keep clients and staff informed of events, activities and thoughts relating to low vision and blindness. It consisted of interviews undertaken by Jo Matthews, with sound engineer Ed Gamble, designed to inform, educate and explore on a variety of topics. March 20: Job Track program – Karen McKenzie, Early childhood services in rural and remote areas – Rob Last. royal victorian institute for the blind, radio shows -
Bendigo Military MuseumPhotograph - Royal Australian Survey Corps Surveyors in the Field – PNG, 1962
... From 1957 helicopter transport of survey parties revolutionised transport in remote areas....From 1957 helicopter transport of survey parties revolutionised transport in remote areas. Royal Australian Survey Corps RASvy Army Survey Regiment ASR Army Svy Regt Fortuna surveying .1P to .4P annotated on back – personnel names, the year and the location. ...This is a set of four photographs of surveyors and support staff in the field undertaking duties in Dogera, Milne Bay Province and Kerema, Gulf Province of PNG in 1962. The surveyors were employed in the establishment of mapping and geodetic control. In this era surveyors used theodolites to observe horizontal and vertical angles and tellurometers to measure base line distances between survey stations. From 1957 helicopter transport of survey parties revolutionised transport in remote areas.This is a set of four photographs of surveyors and support staff in the field undertaking duties in PNG in 1962. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1962. Unloading survey operation stores from a Landing Ship Medium (LSM) at Dogera, Milne Bay Province, PNG. .2) & .3) - Photo, colour, 1962. Hired civilian helicopter Bell 47G-2 helicopters operating at at Dogera, Milne Bay Province, PNG. .4) - Photo, colour, 1962. Survey party at survey station located near Kerema, Gulf Province southern PNG. L to R: Dave Owens, Keith Broadbent, with local villagers in background..1P to .4P annotated on back – personnel names, the year and the location. royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, asr, army svy regt, fortuna, surveying -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Projector - 'Pictoral' Bogong State School, 1925 - 1935
... As Bogong State School was located in a remote area especially in winter when the weather and therefore the road isolated the school for an indefinite time, the school was provided with up to date equipment with a comprehensive library and educational films that wouldn't disadvantage the students. ...Kiewa Valley Historical Society Mount Beauty Information Centre 31 Bogong High Plains Rd Mt Beauty high-country As Bogong State School was located in a remote area especially in winter when the weather and therefore the road isolated the school for an indefinite time, the school was provided with up to date equipment with a comprehensive library and educational films that wouldn't disadvantage the students. ...As Bogong State School was located in a remote area especially in winter when the weather and therefore the road isolated the school for an indefinite time, the school was provided with up to date equipment with a comprehensive library and educational films that wouldn't disadvantage the students. Educational films covered all subjects and areas of the curriculum. The projector was very modern at the time. The Society for Visual Education Inc was founded in 1919 as a for-profit educational publisher dedicated to the use of new technologies in teaching.This projector was used at the Bogong State School which opened in 1941 for the children of the employees of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria who were working on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. The school was outstanding as reported by the school inspectors regarding the education of the pupils which was also supported by new and modern equipment. The nearest school was 14 km away over a dirt road that wound around the Victorian mountains and often closed due to bad weather. Bakelite box holding a globe and a small black tin projector on brown rectangular bakelite base with 4 round rubber stands at each corner. It is able to be moved upwards from the front to adjust the height within a cm. The back is a tall irregular box shape with ventilation on 2 sides of the bottom and at the top. There is a brass plaque attached above 1 vent and an electric cord, with switch, below it. Attached at each side of the front of this box is a cylinder fitted horizontally facing the front where the lense is fitted. At right angles above there is another cylinder, hollow, with a rod for the film to be placed. Globe also in Bakelite boxPlaque: Pictorial Projector / Model Q / 120 Volts. 100 Watts / No. 23736 / Manufactured / Society of Visual Education Inc. / Chicago U.S.Aprojector, bogong primary school, education, educational films, visual education, kiewa hydro electric scheme -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyLamp Small Kerosene, circa early 1900s
... The period when kerosene was extensively used for indoor lighting was before electrical reticulation was installed in rural areas. In remote areas this was up to the mid 1900's. The kerosene lantern however was still in use, for camping and outdoor activities, well beyond this period and was eventually replaced by LPG and battery powered lighting. ...Kiewa Valley Historical Society Mount Beauty Information Centre 31 Bogong High Plains Rd Mt Beauty high-country The period when kerosene was extensively used for indoor lighting was before electrical reticulation was installed in rural areas. In remote areas this was up to the mid 1900's. The kerosene lantern however was still in use, for camping and outdoor activities, well beyond this period and was eventually replaced by LPG and battery powered lighting. ...The period when kerosene was extensively used for indoor lighting was before electrical reticulation was installed in rural areas. In remote areas this was up to the mid 1900's. The kerosene lantern however was still in use, for camping and outdoor activities, well beyond this period and was eventually replaced by LPG and battery powered lighting. The transition phase to "modern" outdoor and domestic lighting lingered on the rural areas where the electrical reticulation suffered from reliable constant supply.In the Kiewa Valley, being a rural region, had reliable electrical domestic and farm supply only after the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme had been fully operational. The supply was relative to how close the homestead was to the major electricity substation. This kerosene lamp was in use during the period when it was the only reliable source of domestic night time lighting. The strength of refractive light produced by this lantern/lamp hinged upon the size of the lamp(wick and glass bowl). The small size of this lamp suggests that it was for use in a small room(children's bedroom) or as providing a light for a safe walk to the outside ablutions (toilet) area. This small kerosene lamp has an enclosed "cup" body which would have contained the kerosene fuel. The top wick holder, made from brass, has an extended enclosed spout which raises the wick approximately 20mm from the bottom of the holder. The wick holder screws into the the top of the kerosene reservoir bowl and has a wick adjustment screw (light control) at one side. The small white glass light reflector bulb nestles securely onto the wick holder and is kept snug by snap designed extending "fingers". The section between the bottom of the refractive glass "light" bowl and the top of the kerosene bowl has perforations to allow air passage to feed directly to the wick.The light refracting bulb is open at the top to allow heat and smoke from the burning wick to escape upwards.On the wick control screw "CWB BRITISH MADE"kerosene reading lamp, domestic lighting, bedside light -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyAnaesthetic Mask
... During the 1940s and 1950s, some nurses may have played an active role in the delivery of anaesthetics, particularly in remote areas and during wartime or doctor shortages. ...During the 1940s and 1950s, some nurses may have played an active role in the delivery of anaesthetics, particularly in remote areas and during wartime or doctor shortages. ...This Anaesthetic Mask 'Schimmelbusch' mask was used to deliver chloroform or ether as an anaesthetic. When this mask was in use most doctors would have delivered the anaesthetic themselves. During the 1940s and 1950s, some nurses may have played an active role in the delivery of anaesthetics, particularly in remote areas and during wartime or doctor shortages. This medical / hospital equipment was the latest available in the 1950s when the Tawonga District General Hospital was built specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Metal egg shaped frame with metal pieces crossing longitudinally and across with attached moveable metal piece that holds cloth in when closed and fits into open hollow egg shaped frame. At one end is a flat metal piece that would rest on the forehead. Usually used for children. To add cloth (gauze or muslin) with anaesthetic (chloroform or ether) open the mask and place the cloth onto the frame. It clipped on and the fluid then dripped onto the cloth. CHIRON GERMANY between handle and oval.hospital; tawonga; mt beauty; medical; nurse; medical instrument; face; anaesthetic. -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyBox Sewing Kit, pre 1952
... This was at the period where self sufficiency in rural and especially remote areas was a requirement and not just a hobby. ...This was at the period where self sufficiency in rural and especially remote areas was a requirement and not just a hobby. ...This "sewing and darning" box was purchased before 1952 (the date that the Clark Brothers merged with J&P Coats). It was in an era where the production and alteration/modification to any household or personal clothing was carried out by a family member/s. This was at the period where self sufficiency in rural and especially remote areas was a requirement and not just a hobby. Clothing modifications and "hand me downs" was a way of life. The long and tiresome journey from home to millinery shops was a great force to ensure that home sewing was carried out in the majority of residential and farm areas.This sewing box was donated by a pioneer family in the Kiewa Valley. Its significance points to an era before the establishment of the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme and the establishment of the Mount Beauty Township. It was a time when the rural industries of the Kiewa Valley was rich in production of beef, dairy products, tobacco leaf and before the mass of alpine adventurers that tourism sparked. It was a time rural enterprises out shone tourism.This wooden sewing box is covered with decorative paper. The lid is fastened to the bottom section with two small hinges each having four screws. Each side is fixed to the other by a mortise groove. At the front of the box is a small clasp for complete closure. The box contains needles, darrning thread, thimble, a glass vial with metal screwtop and a red plastic cylindrical container with a thimble screw on top(contains a small reel with three different cotton thread compartments).On outside lid "FROM A FRIEND. I DO NOT WISH THEE GRANDEUR, NOR YET A STORE OF WEALTH, I WISH THEE RICHER TREASURE, CONTENTMENT, PEACE & HEALTH", On inside lid "USE CLARK & CO ANCHOR COTTONS FOR HAND & MACHINE SEWING ANCHOR MILLS, PAISLEY" Each of the different sewing boxes from the Clark Bros. has a label with different "friend" passages.sewing box, hand stitching, domestic clothes alterations, haberdashery -
Orbost & District Historical Societybuggy lamps, 1880's -1910
... Even after the advent of the railway, remote areas still relied on the horse for local transport.Until Australian coachbuilders began making buggies from the 1860s, most were made in America Buggies with four wheels were light but comfortable. ...Even after the advent of the railway, remote areas still relied on the horse for local transport.Until Australian coachbuilders began making buggies from the 1860s, most were made in America Buggies with four wheels were light but comfortable. ...In the beginning of the19th century, the main mode of transportation was the horse and carriage. Even after the advent of the railway, remote areas still relied on the horse for local transport.Until Australian coachbuilders began making buggies from the 1860s, most were made in America Buggies with four wheels were light but comfortable. Many had hoods to keep the sun and rain off passengers. They were generally owned by doctors, ‘squatters’ and business people. Some had small turn-out seats at the back for children. Lamps are placed at different places on the carriage sides: 1 lamp on each side placed close to box seatThese lanterns are examples of lighting devices used in the time of horse and carriage transport.Two kerosene lanterns - buggy lamps.They are rectangular in shape and have a chimney on top. Both have carrying handles.There are 3 glass windows having two clear white lights and one small red round light on the back. The ceramic burner is made by Barton's.On ceramic wick holder - B in the middle of BARTONS B Underneath is TRADE MARK lighting kerosene-lights buggy-lamps transport lanterns -
Bendigo Military MuseumPhotograph - Royal Australian Survey Corps Surveyors in the Field – North Queensland and Torres Strait, 1961
... From 1957 helicopter transport of survey parties revolutionised transport in remote areas. The civilian helicopter was hired from TAA. ...From 1957 helicopter transport of survey parties revolutionised transport in remote areas. The civilian helicopter was hired from TAA. ...This is a set of five photographs of surveyors and support staff in the field undertaking duties in North Queensland and Torres Strait in 1961. The surveyors were employed in the establishment of mapping and geodetic control. In this era surveyors used theodolites to observe horizontal and vertical angles and tellurometers to measure base line distances between survey stations. In photo .2P Joe Farrington is seen taking survey observations using a Tavistock V500 Series Tavistock theodolite at a survey station between the Edward River and Aurukun in the Cape York Peninsula. The Gulf of Carpentaria appears in the background. From 1957 helicopter transport of survey parties revolutionised transport in remote areas. The civilian helicopter was hired from TAA. This is a set of five photographs of surveyors and support staff in the field undertaking duties in North Queensland and Torres Strait in 1961. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1961. Andy Millar occupying a survey station on a hill in the Cape York Peninsula, QLD. .2) - Photo, colour, 1961. Joe Farrington taking observations with a V500 Series Tavistock geodetic theodolite at a survey station in the Cape York Peninsula, QLD. .3) - Photo, colour, 1961. Daryl Parker taking a break from survey observations on a hill located on Duaun Island QLD, in the Torres Strait, a few miles south of the PNG coastline. Hill height was 975 ft. .4) - Photo, colour, 1961. Three Torres Strait divers L to R: unidentified, Darku and Ray Mau Daryl standing behind a Tavistock geodetic theodolite on a hill located on Duaun Island QLD, in the Torres Strait, a few miles south of the PNG coastline. .5) - Photo, colour, 1961. Andy Millar holding meat from a small turtle on Duaun Island QLD, in the Torres Strait, a few miles south of the PNG coastline. An unidentified Duaun Island local appears in the background..1P to .5P annotated on back – personnel names, the year and the location. royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, asr, army svy regt, fortuna, surveying -
Bendigo Military MuseumInstrument - Heliograph Mk V Training Aid - circa 1912, 1912
... This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. ...This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. ...The Heliograph MkV is a fascinating piece of historical surveying and communications equipment. It was primarily used for visual signaling by reflecting sunlight with a mirror to send coded messages over long distances. This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. The MkV model, specifically, was widely used by the British Army and other military forces from around 1906 until the mid 1960s. It remained in use with the Australian Army Survey Corps until the mid 1980s. The device typically included a 5 - inch mirror and was often mounted on a tripod for stability. Initially the instrument was used to communicate between survey stations using Morse code to coordinate their activities. Later when better forms of communication were available they were used for precise angle alignment where the sunlight reflection from the mirror was targeted between the survey stations to give very accurate results. The MkV was relatively light weight and portable, making it ideal for use in the field. It could be setup and adjusted quickly. The heliograph had an adjustable mirror that could be tilted to reflect sunlight towards a distant receiver. Surveyors could align the mirror using a sighting device. Whilst it was primarily used by the Military it was also used in civil surveying particularly in the remote areas of Australia. This instrument was used as a training aid to help teach surveyors at the Royal Australian Survey Corps School of Military Survey. Catalog item No 2009 is a tripod that was used to mount the Heliograph whilst being used for surveying.A Heliograph containing two mirrors with brass surrounds mounted on a wooden board as a Training Aid. Item has additional parts attached to the base board."Heliograph Mk V Training Aid"royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr -
Wangaratta RSL Sub BranchMemorabilia - Framed Dedication, The Nackeroos
... The unit established positions in remote areas and carried out patrols on foot and horseback, reporting back by wireless.The unit was barely 550 strong, and with their headquarters in Katherine, in the Northern Territory, they were given the task of patrolling northern Australia to look for signs of enemy activity. ...The unit established positions in remote areas and carried out patrols on foot and horseback, reporting back by wireless.The unit was barely 550 strong, and with their headquarters in Katherine, in the Northern Territory, they were given the task of patrolling northern Australia to look for signs of enemy activity. ...2/1st North Australia Observer Unit 1942-1945 The Nackeroos - During the second World War the 2/1st North Australia Observer Unit guarded Northern Australia against Japanese incursions. The unit established positions in remote areas and carried out patrols on foot and horseback, reporting back by wireless.The unit was barely 550 strong, and with their headquarters in Katherine, in the Northern Territory, they were given the task of patrolling northern Australia to look for signs of enemy activity. The men made use of the knowledge of local Aboriginals and maintained coast watching outposts. As the threat of invasion passed, the unit was reduced in strength and disbanded in March 1945. A similar role is now carried out by the North West Mobile Force (NORFORCE) Black plastic frame containing a dedication on black background with red and green joined square symbol 2/1st North Australia Observer Unit 1942-1945 The Nackeroos In memory of those who served Dedicated on 27 August 20082/1st north australia observer unit, the nackeroos -
Melton City LibrariesArtwork, other, Edna Barrie: Collo Character, 2001
... The figures were nominated and decorated by individuals, groups of individuals and organisations from across Australia with every state, territory and region represented with approx. half from regional and the remote areas of Australia. The sculpture was installed in alphabtical order, each with a plaque at its base outlining the individual's achivement. ...The figures were nominated and decorated by individuals, groups of individuals and organisations from across Australia with every state, territory and region represented with approx. half from regional and the remote areas of Australia. The sculpture was installed in alphabtical order, each with a plaque at its base outlining the individual's achivement. ...Part of the PeopleScape Federation Celebration An initiative of the National Council for the Centenary of Federation, celebrating the contribution of Australians to their community and country. The final event of the year long celebrations, held in Canberra, the city that Federation created. The public art installation told the individual stories of Australians from all walks of life, from those living and those who had died. The massive sculpture depicted the life of the nation. The figures were nominated and decorated by individuals, groups of individuals and organisations from across Australia with every state, territory and region represented with approx. half from regional and the remote areas of Australia. The sculpture was installed in alphabtical order, each with a plaque at its base outlining the individual's achivement. The yellow colour of the figures against the green grass represented the colours of Australia.Close ups of Edna's Collo Characterlocal identities -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyPhotograph of Snow Covered Catchment Area Vic, Snow Covered Catchment Area Victorian Alps - 1950s, Circa 1950
... This photograph details (early to mid1950s), the Victorian Alpine region when this remote area was part of a "lay back" rural landscape,occasionally visited by recreational adventurers and some wayward tourists. ...Kiewa Valley Historical Society Mount Beauty Information Centre 31 Bogong High Plains Rd Mt Beauty high-country This photograph details (early to mid1950s), the Victorian Alpine region when this remote area was part of a "lay back" rural landscape,occasionally visited by recreational adventurers and some wayward tourists. ...This photograph details (early to mid1950s), the Victorian Alpine region when this remote area was part of a "lay back" rural landscape,occasionally visited by recreational adventurers and some wayward tourists. The mountain ranges had provided an adequate barrier against the way-would traveller, but with the opening up of this region by the provision of improved roadways and accommodation facilities, courtesy of the Kiewa Valley Hydro Electricity Scheme, changes such as tourism and its impact upon the "natural" state started to show its side effects (clearing of the land). The expansion of the European immigration numbers (1950s) coming into Australia was increasing after World War II which not only provided increased construction workers to the region but also immigrants who appreciated alpine regions. Some of these immigrants contributed to the expansion of the region and provided for a greater degree of diverse professions and rural related work force.This photograph depicts the borderline in time between an exclusively rural based population and respective activities(early 1900s)to the present (2000 on wards) integrated village, tourist and retiree/holiday area. The time when land was exclusively used in agriculture and Alpine grazing lands is over. The Kiewa Valley is loosing its hiding place and is becoming more and more a source of untapped residential land and winter time recreational adventure lands. The changes brought about by modern technologies involving recreational activities such as hang gliding, gliding (local airstrip), mountain bikes, car rallies and their associated clubs is providing for an increased short term population boost. These together with the attractions for retirees is changing not only the physical nature of the Kiewa valley but also its "soul".This item is a black and white photograph of a section of snow covered catchment area in the Victorian Alps in the mid 1900. It is on 200 gms paper but not on photographic paper and has a white boarder (3 mm).kiewa valley tourism, victorian alps, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth -
Bendigo Military MuseumAdministrative record - Geodetic Survey and Topographical Mapping in Australia - Report by BP Lambert 1968, 1968
... Over the intervening period there has been an urgent and increasing demand for topographic maps varying from large scale contoured maps in support of specific engineering projects to rapid reconnaissance maps required for mineral prospecting in remote areas. Superimposed on this has been a defence requirement, specifically for military training areas, and generally for maps of the whole country. ...Over the intervening period there has been an urgent and increasing demand for topographic maps varying from large scale contoured maps in support of specific engineering projects to rapid reconnaissance maps required for mineral prospecting in remote areas. Superimposed on this has been a defence requirement, specifically for military training areas, and generally for maps of the whole country. ...Australia is governed by a Federal Government and by six State Governments. National coordination of their respective geodetic survey and topographic mapping activities is effected on the advice of a National Mapping Council. Twenty years ago, at least 95% of Australia was poorly mapped and what maps existed were in need of revision. only a small area of the continent was covered by horizontal geodetic control and there was no scheme for a national levelling survey. Over the intervening period there has been an urgent and increasing demand for topographic maps varying from large scale contoured maps in support of specific engineering projects to rapid reconnaissance maps required for mineral prospecting in remote areas. Superimposed on this has been a defence requirement, specifically for military training areas, and generally for maps of the whole country. During the period much progress has been made. This paper reports on the progress from early colonial days through to the present time and finally hazards a prediction of future trends.Photocopy of 18-page typed report including diagrams, stapled top left-hand corner. Geodetic Survey and Topographic Mapping a Report by BP Lambert Director of National Mapping, Department of National Development, Canberra, Australia, 1968.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr, national mapping -
Bendigo Military MuseumInstrument - Duplex Heliograph Mk V - 1940 with Tripod, LUCO Art Metal Coy Ltd, London, 1940
... This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. ...This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. ...The Heliograph MkV is a fascinating piece of historical surveying and communications equipment. It was primarily used for visual signaling by reflecting sunlight with a mirror to send coded messages over long distances. This method was primarily useful in remote areas where other forms of communication were not available. The MkV model, specifically, was widely used by the British Army and other military forces from around 1906 until the mid 1960s. It remained in use with the Australian Army Survey Corps until the mid 1980s. The device typically included a 5 - inch mirror and was often mounted on a tripod for stability. Initially the instrument was used to communicate between survey stations using Morse code to coordinate their activities. Later when better forms of communication were available, they were used for precise angle alignment where the sunlight reflection from the mirror was targeted between the survey stations to give very accurate results. The MkV was relatively light weight and portable, making it ideal for use in the field. It could be setup and adjusted quickly. The heliograph had an adjustable mirror that could be tilted to reflect sunlight towards a distant receiver. Surveyors could align the mirror using a sighting device. Whilst it was primarily used by the Military it was also used in civil surveying particularly in the remote areas of Australia. The British Army Mark V version uses a flat round mirror with a small unsilvered spot in the centre. The sender aligned the heliograph to the target by looking at the reflected target in the mirror and moving their head until the target was hidden by the unsilvered spot. Keeping their head still, they then adjusted the aiming rod so its cross wires bisected the target, they then turned up the sighting vane, which covered the cross wires with a diagram of a cross, and aligned the mirror with the tangent and elevation screws, so the small shadow that was a reflection of the unsilvered spot hole was on the cross target. This indicated that the sunbeam was pointing at the target. If the sun was in front of the sender, its rays were reflected directly from this mirror to the receiving station. If the sun was behind the sender, the sighting rod was replaced by a second mirror, to capture the sunlight and direct it onto the main mirror to reflect it to the receiving station.. 1 Brish Army "Mance" Mk V A253 Heliograph has two 125mm diameter mirrors on a brass arm with targeting attachments. The Instrument is mounted on a three-legged tripod of brass and mahogany with spiked feet, approximately 1.2 metres high. The instrument was made by LUCO Art Metal Co Ltd, London in 1940. .2 A military green metal carrying safety storage case with khaki shoulder strap.A253 stamped on instrumentroyal australian survey corps, rasvy, fortuna, army survey regiment, army svy regt, asr -
Orbost & District Historical Societyblack and white photograph, 1916
... The Snowy floodplain bridges were initially built in the context of an early twentieth-century interest in American-style 'Developmental Railways', designed to open remote areas to closer settlement, even if that meant running at a loss. ...The Snowy floodplain bridges were initially built in the context of an early twentieth-century interest in American-style 'Developmental Railways', designed to open remote areas to closer settlement, even if that meant running at a loss. ...This photograph shows the pile drivers at work in the construction of the viaduct across the Snowy River flats. The Snowy River Floodplain Railway Bridges, two sequential and exceptionally long and low timber railway bridges on the Snowy River floodplain just west of Orbost, were built in 1916, and provided the original terminus point for the Bairnsdale-Orbost railway. The bridges are 770 metres and 183 metres long respectively. The shorter bridge is of uniformly 4.57 metre timber-beam construction, and has a sweeping curve in its deck. The longer bridge has a combination of 4.57 metre and 6.1 metrespans, and two 3.66 metre spans. The bridges are constructed from 'Southern Mahogany', Eucalyptus Botryoides, which grew along the coast east of Bairnsdale. The Snowy floodplain bridges were initially built in the context of an early twentieth-century interest in American-style 'Developmental Railways', designed to open remote areas to closer settlement, even if that meant running at a loss. The line was closed in August 1987. (information from Victorian Heritage Database)This item is associated with the history of the Orbost-Bairnsdale railway line and therefore reflects the role that the rail line played in the social and economic history of Orbost.A black / white photograph of the farming flats at Orbost during the construction of the East Gippsland railway.orbost-railway east-gippsland-railway viaduct-orbost transport railway -
Mont De LanceyFunctional object - Nut Loaf Tin, Willow, c early 1900's
... areas as there were no local shops. The utensils available for this home cooking had to be strong and reliable and low maintenance. This was a period of self sufficiency especially in semi remote rural areas. ...areas as there were no local shops. The utensils available for this home cooking had to be strong and reliable and low maintenance. This was a period of self sufficiency especially in semi remote rural areas. ...This nut roll tin was used in a period before 1959(when plastic containers started being used). It was a period when "home" cooking(desserts and cakes) was the only method of having cakes and other pastry dishes in rural areas as there were no local shops. The utensils available for this home cooking had to be strong and reliable and low maintenance. This was a period of self sufficiency especially in semi remote rural areas. Sadly, the Willow Company no longer has a nut loaf tin among their many cooking tins. A cylindrical nut loaf tin with removable lids at each end. The metal body of the tin has tiny patterned indented squares with only two of the three clips to ensure the tin stays closed. The lids at each end add to this tightening. On the lids there is rusty difficult to read stamping for the Willow brand. The cooked cake can be easily removed when the two lids are taken off. This is a rare tin.Around the edges of each lid is stamped 'NUT LOAF TIN'. In the middle of each lid is a circular shape with 'Made in Australia' around the edge. Inside this is a diamond shape with 'WILLOW'. There is a tiny square shaped pattern indented all over the body of the tin.baking tins, kitchenware, baking, cooking -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languagesarticle, Gary Johns, Aboriginal education : remote schools and the real economy, 2006
... These initiatives have been blind to the need to deal with the absence of an economy in remote areas, and the absence of a work ethic among Aborigines who are welfare dependent. ...These initiatives have been blind to the need to deal with the absence of an economy in remote areas, and the absence of a work ethic among Aborigines who are welfare dependent. ...Aboriginal children in remote communities have the lowest rates of success in school. The reasons for the lack of success are well known, and mainly lie outside of the schools and their programs. Education authorities have made some poor choices in the past. They have not enforced the necessary discipline on children to attend school, and they have placed cultural sensitivity above the needs of the child to cope in the modern economy. More recently they have begun to concentrate on programs in literacy and numeracy, but success is limited because of the perverse incentives of other government initiatives. These initiatives have been blind to the need to deal with the absence of an economy in remote areas, and the absence of a work ethic among Aborigines who are welfare dependent. The absence of the work ethic and the absence of work have severely constrained the returns on the investment in Aboriginal education. The correct policy response to failure at school will be determined not simply by additional programs at school, but by how various issues of transition to the real economy - work, individual obligation, mobility - are managed. The transition will be better managed if educators and governments understand that education is essentially an instrument in economic integration, and that many remote communities are not viable, and where they are not schools should not be used as pawns to keep them afloat. Moreover, educators and governments should understand that western education cannot and should not preserve Aboriginal culture. Most importantly, parents' behaviour needs to change and where incentives to send children to school fail, compulsion must be used.school programs, education policy, literacy and numeracy, employment outcomes -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)Photograph, Black & White Horse drawn scoops earthwork in Moorabbin Shire c1900, c1900
... This skill was known as "tank sinking", and tank sinkers were active in many rural and remote areas in the 1800's and early 1900's, establishing sizeable dams for important water reserves for community and farm and railway use. ...This skill was known as "tank sinking", and tank sinkers were active in many rural and remote areas in the 1800's and early 1900's, establishing sizeable dams for important water reserves for community and farm and railway use. ...The, horse drawn metal scoop ,guided by a man, was used to clear earth for road making. Well before the introduction of motorised, mechanical graders and trucks the painstaking, labour-intensive work was undertaken by large teams of sturdy men using strong horses such as the draught horse. Roads were needed by the market gardeners to transport their produce to market. Later as the heavy wagon loads continually caused ruts and general degradation of the roadways a Plateway system was installed so that the wagon wheels could roll along the rails thus protecting the roadways. August 31st 2021 Ron Nash, from WA, informs us "The men and horses pulling earth scoops in the photo are not moving earth for road making - they are excavating an "earth tank", or dam, as described in common nomenclature today. This skill was known as "tank sinking", and tank sinkers were active in many rural and remote areas in the 1800's and early 1900's, establishing sizeable dams for important water reserves for community and farm and railway use. With the advent of mechanised equipment such as bulldozers, the trade of tank sinking was still carried out, but on a faster basis. I am a former tank sinker and earth moving contractor, now long retired." Early settlers in Moorabbin Shire had to build the roads, plateways, drains, as the settlement of the land, in Dendy's Special Survey 1841 Brighton, spread and market gardeners need to transport their produce to market. Their most valuable possession was the draught horse that was used for ploughing, drawing carts and these scoops.Black & White photograph showing many horses pulling metal scoops guided by men to move earth for road making in Moorabbin Shire c 1900Back Handwritten Informationplateway, roadworks moorabbin shire, draught horses, metal scoops, paviers, box alonzo, smith j l; chaff cutter, horse drawn carts, toll gates brighton, motor cars 1900, steam engines, early settlers, bentleigh, mckinnon, parish of moorabbin, city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman stephen, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, market gardeners, vineyards, orchards -
Dandenong/Cranbourne RSL Sub BranchMemorabilia - Pack Saddle
... During the Second World War pack animals were routinely used by patrols, and larger units such as Norforce, in remote areas of northern Australia. The saddle shown here has two separate girths, which crossed under the animal's belly. ...During the Second World War pack animals were routinely used by patrols, and larger units such as Norforce, in remote areas of northern Australia. The saddle shown here has two separate girths, which crossed under the animal's belly. ...Believed to have been made 1939/43. In 1904 the British Army adopted a new General Service (GS) pack saddle with an adjustable tree, known as the Mark V pack saddle. The main innovation was the adjustable tree created by having the front and back steel arches jointed to the wooden sidebars, which allowed them to turn to adjust to the size of the back of whatever animal carried the saddle, from the largest horse to the smallest donkey, and eliminated the need to manufacture saddles in different sizes. The saddle could be adapted, by the addition of hanging bars, or universal slats, to carry a wide variety of stores, tools and equipment, and also wounded men. The GS pack saddle was used in both world wars by both the British and Australian armies. The use of pack saddles was especially important in the campaign in Palestine during the First World War where wheeled transport was often not an option. Each machine gun carried by light horse units was transported on a pack saddle, and was accompanied by a second pack animal carrying spare ammunition. During the Second World War pack animals were routinely used by patrols, and larger units such as Norforce, in remote areas of northern Australia. The saddle shown here has two separate girths, which crossed under the animal's belly. Most later versions of the saddle used a shorter single girth buckled to a 'V' attachment, which was in turn buckled to the sidebars. Use of the 'V' attachment gave greater strength and stability to the saddle, and decreased 'rocking' of the load. -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTongs Blacksmith, circa mid to late 1900's
... The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas....The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas. This long handled shaped nipper tongs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because it represents one of the essential mores relating to isolated rural regions as was the Kiewa Valley at this period in time (1800's to mid 1900's). ...These long handled "Blacksmith" tongs were used in the late 1800's to mid 1900's by a blacksmith(or others) within the Kiewa Valley. During these times blacksmiths would regularly visit "remote" rural properties and work on any "hard to manufacture" items. A few properties had either stockmen,farm hands, or owners able to do "minor" blacksmith work. The ability to undertake blacksmith functions was sometimes "by necessity" handled by a local "jack of all trades" person. During this period however demand for rural based blacksmiths was very high. The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas.This long handled shaped nipper tongs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because it represents one of the essential mores relating to isolated rural regions as was the Kiewa Valley at this period in time (1800's to mid 1900's). This "ingrained " more was the ability to achieve anything that was required to maintain a living standard or survival in a remote grazing, mining and farming region. The remoteness was due to the small population, poor transport routes and flood prone roads winding through the lower lying flat plains of the Kiewa Valley. Any blacksmith work whilst grazing Cattle on the Bogong High Plains or any part of the Kiewa Valley, had to be done in situ. The part of the "culture" of this regions was that of "self help" either from within the family or from a friendly neighbour.Long handled blacksmith's tongs. The handles are rusted and painted orange. The nippers have one central fixing and are flat edged.tools, blacksmith, horses, trades -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTongs Blacksmith, circa early 1900s
... The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas....The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas. This long handled "V" shaped nipper tongs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because it represents one of the essential mores relating to isolated rural regions as was the Kiewa Valley at this period in time. ...These long handled "V" shaped tongs were used late 1800's to mid 1900's by a blacksmith within the Kiewa Valley. During these times blacksmiths would regularly visit "remote" rural properties and work on any "hard to manufacture" items. A few properties had either stockmen,farm hands, or owners able to do "minor" blacksmith work. The ability to undertake blacksmith functions was sometimes "by necessity" handled by a local "jack of all trades" person. During this period however demand for rural based blacksmiths was very high. The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas.This long handled "V" shaped nipper tongs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because it represents one of the essential mores relating to isolated rural regions as was the Kiewa Valley at this period in time. This "ingrained " more was the ability to achieve anything that was required to maintain a living standard or survival in a remote grazing, mining and farming region. The remoteness was due to the small population, poor transport routes and flood prone roads and lower flat plains of the Kiewa Valley. Any blacksmith work whilst grazing Cattle on the Bogong Plains had to be done in situ.Long handled tongs with "V" shaped ends on the nippers (used by blacksmiths)I.T.O.C.tools, blacksmith, horses, wrought iron tools
