A wheelbarrow is a small hand-propelled load-bearing vehicle, usually with one wheel designed to be pushed and guided by a single person using 2 handles at the rear. It distributes the weight of its load between the wheel and the operator. Used by residents of the Kiewa Valley for construction and gardening.Formerly KV 067. A steel wheel made by a blacksmith.wheel, wheelbarrow, steel work

The watering can was handmade by the donor's grandfather Arthur Edwards when they moved into their new home in Forest Hill.Watering Can. Galvanised. Three Gallon with attached oblong spray. Top handle with mould for easy watering; all joints soldered.commerce, containers, domestic, domestic items, gardening, metalcraft, steel work, trades, tinsmithing

The women of the pioneer families were very skilled at dressmaking , needlework and lace making. The early settlers had to be self reliant and made and repaired their own clothes, haberdashery and furnishings These tools were used to make crochet work doilies, antimacassars, and add decorative work to lingerie, collars, cuffs, baby clothes, bonnets and bibs.5 assorted steel crochet work hookscraftwork, crochetwork, needlework, early settlers, pioneers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, steel manufacture

Mass produced. Owned and used by Wandin Sebire. Iron framed "4 poster" bed with polished steel decorative work. Steel - mesh and wooden frame, includes mattress and bolster.bed, bedroom suites

Watsons Creek Showing steel work 26/1/1956Record of various Shire of Eltham infrastructure works undertaken during the period of 1952-1962 involving bridge and road reconstruction projects, sometimes with Eltham Shire Council Project Reference numbers quoted. It was during this period that a number of significant improvements were made to roads and new bridges constructed within the shire that remain in place as of present day (2022). In many situations, the photos provide a tangible visible record of infrastructure that existed throughout the early days of the Shire. The album was put together by or under the direction of the Shire Engineer, J.A. McDonald.infrastructure, road construction, shire of eltham, bridge construction, eltham-yarra glen road, w.e. wolf, watsons creek, 1956-01-26

The slides show the steel work for the extensions to the depot erected with the purlins in position, and the earthworks for the track fan in place. Tram 28 is on the depot fan waiting to run out.Yields information about the timing of the depot extensions in 1979.Set of 3 Kodak colour slides in cardboard mounts.Have photographer's reference number written on the slide.btps, depot, depot extensions, tram 28

Negative (120) and contact print of VR tram No. 7 at the Elwood depot. See also Reg Item 3624 for other photos showing the tram. Side on photo, showing the strengthening steel work applied to this four wheel tram. Has two Robur Tea advertisements. Tram possibly preparing for a tour given the number of men standing on the side. Hi Res image filed in the dbtext/hawthtramcoll/Large Images/htd3623Large.jpgEnvelope containing negative and photo typed "Tram VR Elwood Spread the load." On the rear of the print "VR Tram - Elwood Depot 5'3" gauge".trams, tramways, victorian railways, vr, elwood depot, tram 7

Set of two photographs taken while on an AETA tour 16-8-1947 - see reference .1 - View of the tram and the depot building. .2 - End on photograph of the tram showing the white bumpers and steps, taken at St Kilda Station Side on photo, showing the strengthening steel work applied to this four wheel tram. Has two Robur Tea advertisements. Tram possibly preparing for a tour given the number of men standing on the side. Yields information about VR tram No. 7 at St Kilda station and Elwood depot.Negative (120) and contact print of VR tram No. 7 at the Elwood depot. See also Reg Item 3623 for another photo showing the tram.Envelope containing negative and photo typed "Tram VR Elwood Spread the load." .1 - On the rear of the print "VR Tram - Elwood Depot 5'3" gauge". .2 - 'VR Tram St Kilda Station Extension 5'3" gauge".trams, tramways, victorian railways, vr, elwood depot, aeta, st kilda railway station, tram 7

Iron sculpture by Cliff Burtt welcomes visitors to the Gateway of Eltham. It was constructed of Corten Steel in 1994 and won the Eltham Public Art Award in 1996. “Award winning sculptor, Cliff Burtt, often references the geometry of architectural forms in his bold, minimalist public sculptures. In this corten steel work the repeated arches of the temples of antiquity are in dialogue with the nearby spans of the railway trestle bridge that cuts through the Eltham parkland. The formality of the architecture is offset by the organic sweeps of the top profile of the work, which playfully acknowledges the hilly topography of the region” – Highlights from the Nillumbik Art Collection Two colour photographs of iron sculptureclassical landscape, sculptures, art, parks, alistair knox park, eltham, cliff burtt, public art

Pittock saddler's bos: six varios tools steel spanner - 200 mm x 55 mm x5mm thick wooden tool handle, with steel straps, used - 115mm x 30mm diam steel rasp - 250mm x25mm metal punch, ussed - 165mm x17mm x 10mm thick, 12mm pinch wooden and steel leather work tool - 135mm x 14mm x 10mm thick lead solder, triangular - 170mm x10mmnil

Report of Works Committee Meeting 10th March 1981 Pennell Reserve Pavilion brick work completed Municipal Offices work on the linkway has been delayed following a New South Wales plumbers ban affecting the contractor Ralph Street Reserve Pavilion it is anticipated that the steel work will be erected this week Cranwell Park Toilets progress delayed following a flood resulted from a burst M.M.B.W. water main Cherry Crescent Child Care Centre the slab required to be re-laid in parts as a result of the kerb and channel not being constructed at the levels indicated the drawings Kerb & Channel Lily Street Braybrook completed including crossings. Pavement work will commence when a gang is available Kerb & Channel Andrew Street Sunshine near completion Wallace Street reconstruction work has been discontinued as per Forward Planning Committee Meeting 3rd March 1981 King Edward Avenue Albion the footpath between Sydney Street and Adelaide Street is 50% complete Braybrook Area two gangs continue to work in this area Churchill Avenue / Mitchell Street Maidstone the access lane presently under construction it to provide residents in the Omar Street area with access to Ballarat Roadpennell reserve, burke street, braybrook, ralph street reserve, ralph street, sunshine west, cranwell park, cranwell street, cherry crescent child care centre, cherry crescent, lily street, andrew street, sunshine, king edward avenue, sydney street, adelaide street, churchill avenue, mitchell street, omar street, maidstone

Pittock collection: two steel hand operated punches for leather work * steel hand punch, 190 mm L x 85 mm W, manufacturer's mark not clear Moorrville Pty Ltd * steel tool with guide, 190 mm L x 85 mm W, no manufacturer's marks Items stored in Pitchfork coach builder's box, reference 13000.1.

Rabbits are recognised as a pest in Australia. They were often trapped and eaten especially during the depression years of the 1890s and 1930s but also the 1950s and 1960s. Steel-jaw traps work by snapping shut on the leg of an animal, holding it until a trapper arrives, or until the animal dies or wrings its paw off. They became illegal in Australia during the 1980s on animal cruelty grounds. Some old rabbit traps are valuable.Used by residents in the Kiewa ValleyA steel jaw trap has jaws that are designed to spring together. It is illegal to use them in Australia. 2 of the rabbit traps are 'S. Griffiths 3 stars IXL Ref. "one of the pioneers, well known among long-experienced trappers' Page 21 Farmyard Relics by Ken Arnold. The other trap ha a picture of a bird engrave on it.rabbit traps, steel-jaw traps

Hinged food mixer with egg beater blades of chrome plated steel. Brass handle, chromed. Base worked steel painted with hammertone paint. White plastic base to hold missing lemon squeezer. Bowl to mix in missing. Has five small rubber legs.Has a planetary action and is hand driven. Beats eggs, cream and potatoes. The juice can run down into the basin when lemon is squeezed.domestic items, food preparation

A new bridge over the Snowy River at Orbost was opened for traffic on June 20th 1922. It was designed for future joint use by road and railway traffic, but it was only used for road traffic. During the last few years the condition of an old suspension bridge [the 1893 bridge] which was the only vehicular crossing between the town of Orbost and the railway station, caused much concern. The structure was of timber, except for the wire suspension cables of its central span of about 100 feet. A design was prepared in 1914 for a permanent bridge with five spans of 85 feet composed of plate girders on concrete piers. With great increase in the price of steel work during the war, the cost of this design became prohibitive, and the need for a new structure becoming urgent, alternative proposals were investigated. As a result the present design was adopted as providing a sem-permanent bridge at moderate cost. The new bridge spans the river about 160 feet upstream from the old bridge on a slight skew, the piers being at an angle of 80 degrees with the centre line of the bridge. It has a camber of about 2 feet 5 inches in its total length of 527 feet. ( information from Newsletter March 2014 - Lois Crisp) The photograph shows Mrs James Cameron cutting the ribbon at the opening of the Orbost Pile Bridge in 1922. This second bridge, was built by the Victorian Railways and the Country Roads Board. Constructed at a cost of 35,000 pounds and used second-hand girders from the Flinders Street- Spencer Street viaduct. On July 4 1922 it was officially opened by Mrs James Cameron. Unfortunately, her husband, who had long championed the building of the bridge so that it would be ready for the railway to continue to the border, was too ill to attend the ceremony. In fact, James Cameron died on July 13 after a long and severe illness (ref. S.R.M. 20.7.1922). There is a section of this ribbon in the collection - Registration No. 366. This is a pictorial record of a significant event in Orbost's history.A black / white photograph of a pile bridge with a suspension bridge behind it. There are many people standing on the bridge.on back - "Opening of Pile Bridge - 1922"snowy-river-bridge ceremonies cameron-mrs

Pittock collection: nine steel files for metal work * three flat files, 310-390 mm L * one rounded file, 255 mm L * one square file, 265 mm L * four triangular files, 140, 185, 200, 205 mm L Items stored in Pittock coach builder's box, reference 13000.1.

Report of Committee Meetings 8th December 1980 Works Committee Meeting Burnewang Street / Adelaide Street Albion drain completed with exception of pits and some kerb & channel Cranwell Street Braybrook 30% complete. Rock still being encountered Robinsons Road Deer Park wearing surface remains Duke Street Sunshine wearing surface remains Lily Street Braybrook Kerb & channel north side 50% complete Braybrook Area due to urgency, gang moved to reinstate footpaths surrounding Diamond Avenue Primary School Albanvale Western Avenue Sunshine sub-grade prepared McKechnie Street St. Albans realignment of kerb & channel for taxis and bookmobile in progress Gangs working in general maintenance, fire hazards and potting of trees for 191 planting Synthetic surfaces for practice wickets I.C.I. Oval and Dempster Park Municipal Offices progressing satisfactorily Ralph Street Reserve Building concrete pads poured, slab expected to be poured prior to Christmas Cherry Crescent Child Care Centre Building site excavated. Anticipated slab to be pour prior to Christmas Pennell Reserve Pavilion steel work in the process of fabrication. Expected to be erected within a week Cranwell Street Toilets concrete roof to be poured this week Finance Committee Meeting Report of the Town Clerk Log of Claims Professional Engineers Department of youth, Sport & Recreation Future Financial Policy Offensive Industrial Odours Joint Council Approach with City of Altona, City of Footscray & City of Williamstown Rates, Sanitary & Interest Statements as at 17th November 1980 Report of the Co-Ordinator of Welfare Services Family Day Care Report of the City Engineer & Planner Neale Road / Station Road Intersectionburnewang street, adelaide street, albion, cranwell street, braybrook, robinsons road, deer park, duke street, sunshine, lily street, diamond avenue, albanvale, albanvale primary school, dover street, western avenue, mckechnie street, st. albans, i.c.i. oval, ballarat road, ralph street reserve, ralph street, sunshine west, cherry crescent child care centre, cherry crescent, pennell reserve, burke street, cranwell park, neale road, station road

Report of Committee Meetings 25th November 1980 Report of the Works Committee Meeting Burnewang Street / Adelaide Street Albion drain 50% complete Lynch Street Sunshine Drain completed. Kerb & channel commence Cranwell Street Braybrook road work progressing slow due to rock. Approximately 50% complete Robinsons Road Deer Park wearing surface only remains Duke Street Sunshine wearing surface only remains Lily Street Braybrook kerb & channel reconstruction in progress Mayland Street footpath reconstruction in progress Braybrook Area gang working in Castley crescent and surrounding areas Kinde Smith Reserve has been top dressed and re-sown Various reserves minor repairs being carried out Newstead Street Trees branches have been lifted, however clearance have not been given to power lines Fire Hazards work has commenced Dobson Reserve playground equipment damaged by fire General Maintenance major emphasis on maintenance Sassella Park City Engineer again expressed concern about the condition of this reserve Depot Workshop internal fixing has commenced Pennell Reserve Pavilion steel work being fabricated. Anticipated to be completed by Marc or April 1981 Municipal Offices brickwork in progress Ralph Street Pavilion construction has commenced Cranwell Street Toilets brickwork completed Cherry Crescent Child Care Centre construction commenced on 24th November I.C.I. Oval underground drains completed, perimeter kerb & channel completed, underground irrigation 80% complete. Agricultural pipe laying and backfilling to be completed today. Top dressing to commence next week Finance Committee Meeting Report Report of the Town Clerk Charges for Abandonment Debtor Accounts Award Matters Work Value Study Municipal Employees (City of Sunshine) Award Award Matters Municipal Officers' (City of Sunshine) Award Award Matters Variation and Consolidation Municipal Employees' (City of Sunshine) Award General Rate, Sanitary & Interest Adustments / Abandonments Report of the Co-Ordinator of Welfare Services Y.M.C.A. Outreach Project Sunshine Report of the City Engineer & Planner Outdoor Staff Union and Award Matters Neale Road Construction Child Care Centre 24 Northumberland Road Sunshine Northdeer park, neale road, northumberland road, sunshine north, northumberland child care centre

Report of Committee Meetings 15th September 1980 Report of Works Committee Meeting Kerb & Channel Smith Street 90% complete Kerb & Channel Duke Street Sunshine between Ballarat Road and Hertford Road commenced Footpath Ballarat Road Omar Street to Rosamond Road 75% complete Footpath Ballarat Road Braybrook Area in progress Footpath Neil Street completed Drainage Sunshine Road Tottenham completed Drainage Cranwell Street Braybrook commencement delays as machine is out of order Drainage Sun Crescent Sunshine tapping for drain completed Drainage Holmwood Road Tottenham completed Road Works Duke Street Sunshine ready for kerb & channel Road Works Fisher Street Maidstone asphalting this week Road Works Billingham Road Deer Park ready for crush road Old Buildings at Sunshine Tip Site Demolished Tree planting 250 trees are to be planted to complete whole street areas. 162 trees to be planted to satisfy single requests received Tree Pruning all scheduled pruning completed. S.E.C. list has been commenced Beachley Reserve / Costello Reserve / Robert Barrett Reserve cricket wickets are being prepared Ralph Street Reserve / Ainsworth Reserve top dressing in progress Soil delivered for goal squares and ready for leveling and sowing. Goal Posts removed but not transported for storage During petrol stoppage, gangs will not be moved between jobs as frequently Selwyn Park Pavilion building now completed Aycliffe Drive Infant Welfare & Pre-School Centre building completed. Some minor works remain to be carried during maintenance period. Landscaping and off-street car parking yet to commence Depot Workshop slab poured. All steel work fabricated and ready for erection Pennell Reserve Pavilion tender will be required to called for some of the items Municipality offices approximately one week behind Ralph Street Reserve advertising completed. Commencement will depend on number of objections received and consideration of these Cranwell Reserve Toilets anticipated to commence next week Cherry Crescent tenders close on 22nd September 1980 Report of Finance Committee Meeting Report of the Town Clerk Sanitary & Interest Adjustments / Abandonments Rates, Sanitary & Interest Statements as at 25th August 1980 Report of Registration Fees Dog Act 1970selwyn park, selwyn street, albion, smith street, duke street, ballarat road, hertford road, sunshine, omar street, rosamond road, maidstone, braybrook, neil street, sunshine road, tottenham, cranwell street, sun crescent, holmwood road, fisher street, billingham road, deer park, sunshine tip, beachley reserve, phoenix street, sunshine north, costello reserve, halstead street, robert barrett reserve, maribyrnong, ralph street reserve, ralph street, ainsworth reserve, vernon crescent, aycliffe drive infant welfare & pre-school centre, aycliffe drive, pennell reserve, burke street, cranwell reserve, cherry crescent

The City of Ballarat unanimously resolved to erect a Civic Hall in Mair Street in 1951. The architects, Gordon Murphy, of Melbourne, and H.L. and L.J. Coburn, of Ballarat, were commissioned in 1952. The Council constructed the foundations and footings for the building under the supervision of the former City engineer, Mr L.H. Finch, in 1953. These footings are of massed concrete. The design for the building took advantage of the cross fall of the land, providing for the Small Hall to be entered from the Doveton Street frontage through a foyer under the Main Stage, the structure is steel with brick panels, with accommodation for 1,592 persons in the Main Hall and 440 persons in the Lower Hall. The front facade faces Mair Street, set back from the building line to provide for the entrance drive-ways and kerbed gardens. Tenders were invited on a firm price basis. A young Ballarat master Builter, Walter Benbow Trahar was the successful tenderer, the contract price being 139,841 pounds. the work was commenced in 1953 and has proceeded in spite of material and labour difficulties until its completion. The following statistics are of interest:- * The foundations contained 200 cubic yards of concrete. * The constructional steel work weighs approximately 270 tons. * The reinforcing steel 47 tons. * Reinforced concrete in the structure, 1,100 cubic yards. * The approximate number of bricks in the building, 580,000. * The flooring is of selected kiln-dried hard wood and totals 40,000 lineal feet. * The dimensions of the Main Auditorium, 100ft by 86 ft, including the side promenades each 82ft by 13ft. *The Main stage, of reinforced concret with parquette finish measures 62 ft by 40ft. *The floor area of the Lower Hall is 74 ft by 38 ft, and has a stage dimensions of 40ft by 20 ft. * Each hall has independent heating and ventillating systems. Where possible the material in the building was furnished from local business houses. The public address installation, which provided for additional microphones, is on the main Stage. There is inter-communication throughout the building connecting the front office, with the bioscope box, the stages in both the large and lower halls, and the Hallkeeper's residence. Local craftsmen have completed the painting, plaster work, and the electrical installation; local produced materials being used in the construction of the buildings with the exception of the timber for the Main Floor, the roofing and the structural steel. The City of Ballarat Councillors in 1956 were Councillors N. T. Callow, F.J. Cutts, K.C. Webb, W.E. Roff, O.W. Curnow, F.T. Woodward, Allan C. Pittard, A.W. Nicholson, J.A. Chisholm, G.L. Scott, F.W. Oliver, A.D. Mason. The Town clerk was H.R. Maddern and the City Engineer was G. Murrowood. A City of Ballarat Council meeting of 25 September 2013 voted to demolish the Ballarat Civic Hall. The Council heard from nearly 50 members of the public during a marathon six-hour meeting. Councilors John Birt, Des Hudson, Amy Johnson, Josh Morris, Peter Innes, John Philips supported the motion to demolish Civic Hall. Councillors Samantha McIntosh, Vicki Coltman and Belinda Coates voted against the motion.Six page souvenir Program of citizens' entertainment on the occasion of the Opening of Ballarat Civic Hall on in August 1956. The front cover features the City of Ballarat Coat of Arms. The programme starts with a message from the Mayor, Cr Neil T. Carrow. It includes the Concert Programme directed by James H. Davey, an asrtist's impression of the Civic Hall from Mair Street, and information relative to the New Civic Hall. The programme features images of the City of Ballarat Coat of Arms, Cr N.T. Callow, , James H, Davey, and an artist's impression of the Ballarat Civic Hall. Mayor Neil Callow's Message: "To-day, our citizens witness the fulfilment of the most extensive Municipal undertaking in the City's period of recent prosperity and development. Their Hall now fills a requirement of which they have been deprived since the Coliseum building was destroyed by fire over 20 years ago. The building has been designed as an all purpose structure and I am hopeful the citizens will use it and enjoy it to its fullest extent. Your Council and its Architects have planned as broadly as possible for the benefit of all to-day and for years to come. We are proud of the work executed by a Ballaarat Master Builder whose work is a monument to the City's craftsmen. I feel I should also remind this assembly that the women of Ballaarat, back in 1951, provided funds which have been applied in the purchase of a Grand Piano and two Upright Pianos which are now installed in this building. The sincere hope of myself and your Councillors is that this Hall and its amenities will prove of immense value to the development of the cultural and artistic tastes of this community and that it will be freely used for these and many other purposes. From now on this magnificent building and its furnishings and equipment will be available to all. I strongly exhort you to use and protect it. My hope is that the citizens will, for many years to come, enjoy the amenities which it has to offer. ballarat civic hall, civic hall, architecture, finch, art deco, city of ballarat, coat of arms, city of ballarat coat of arms, callow, shugg, lemke, oates, gullan, tuuri, john, robertson, sorrell, antonio, gordon murphy, walter benbow trahar, trahar, coburn, h.l. coburn, l.j. coburn, n.t. callow

Sandhurst is the early name for the Victorian goldfield town of Bendigo. The original was published by Melbourne's Sands and Kenny Melbourne in 1857, and the plate from "Victoria Illustrated" by S.T. Gill. Balck and white steel engraving of a work by Samuel Thomas Gill showing a scene in early Bendigo. In the foreground a woman sits on a fallen tree holding a baby and talking to a small girl, while two men stand nearby discussing words on a paper. A sign on the fence declares 'Gov Sale Land'. In the mid ground a fledgling townscape is evident whole a man rides a horse along a thoroughfare, along with a small bullock team, and a man pushing a wheelbarrow. The scenefeatures a large number of flagpoles, and tents are visible along the horizon line. The image is engraved "S.T.Gill, del." in the lower left; "J. Tingle sc" in the lower right, and the title is engraved below image. bendigo, sandhurst, samuel thomas gill, s.t. gill, j. tingle, goldfield, bullock team, horse and rider

Report of Committee Meetings 29th September 1980 Report of the Works Committee Meeting Kerb & Channel Fisher Street Maidstone completed Kerb & Channel Robinsons Road Deer Park to commence Kerb & Channel Duke Street Sunshine 70% complete on western side Footpath Ballarat Road Maidstone Omar Street to Rosamond Road completed Footpath Phoenix Street Sunshine North commenced Footpath Ashley Street Maidstone completed Footpath Ballarat Road Maidstone Area in progress Drainage Cranwell Street Braybrook commenced Road Work Duke Street Sunshine excavated between Lily Street and Devonshire Road. Section between Hertford Road and Ballarat Road has commenced Road Work Fisher Street Maidstone and Billingham Road Deer Park ready for asphalting Tree Planting bulk planting completed. Single planting approximately two weeks to complete Tree Pruning gang working on S.E.C. list. Travel crane will then be hired for remaining work Cricket Pitches all turf wickets have been top dressed Robert Barrett Reserve concrete being poured Errington Reserve old concrete pitches to be removed and re-laid this week Practice Wickets for I.C.I. Oval expected to be delivered this week Football Grounds goal areas have now been top dressed and reseeded Weed Spraying Programme delayed as the result of continual strong winds Scovell Reserve and Maribyrnong Reserve quotations being obtained for repairs to practice nets Sassella Park excavated to be ready for the 1981 hockey season Albion Tennis Club Pavilion building completed. Drainage and car parking are subject to Finance Committee Aycliffe Drive Infant Welfare & Pre-School Centre building completed and ready for occupation Depot Workshop steel worked expected to be erected later this week Pennell Reserve Pavilion anticipated that work will commence next week Municipal Offices progressing satisfactorily Ralph Street Reserve Pavilion no objections have been received against our application Cranwell Park Toilets slab to be poured next week Cherry Crescent Child Care Centre Building tenders received Tallintyre Reserve Building concern was expressed at the desirability of erecting a new building when Council is having continual problems with the vandalization of the toilet block Bitumen Surfacing this contract is now completed Ashley Street nature strips only require attention Westerngate Drain problems with rock and clay Bon Thomas Reserve drainage and water reticulation to be laid St. Albans Road kerb & channel completed Report of the Finance Committee Meeting Report of the Town Clerk Payment for Driver's Licence Fee Officers and Employees Report of the City Engineer & Planner Albion Tennis Club Pavilion Sewerage Facilities Ralph Street Reserve Bon Thomas Reserve Pre-School Centre Sewerage Treatment Plant and Effluent Disposal Unit Orama Street Child Care Centre Sewerage Treatment Plant and Effluent Disposal Unit Aycliffe Avenue Pre-School and Infant Welfare Centre landscaping and car parking Report of the Forward Planning Committee Meeting Sunshine Tip Hours of Operation St. Albans Cricket Club requesting attention to the practice netsalbion tennis club, selwyn park, selwyn street, sunshine, ralph street reserve, sunshine west, quinn street, deer park, aycliffe avenue, orama street, cherry crescent, braybrook, tallintyre reserve, kermeen street, fisher street, maidstone, robinsons road, duke street, ballarat road, omar street, rosamond road, phoenix street, sunshine north, ashley street, cranwell street, lily street, devonshire road, hertford road, billingham road, robert barrett reserve, maribyrnong, i.c.i. oval, scovell reserve, scovell crescent, maribyrnong reserve, hortense street, sassella park, aycliffe drive infant welfare & pre-school centre, aycliffe drive, pennell reserve, burke street, ralph street, cranwell park, cherry crescent child care centre, tallintyre road, bon thomas reserve, st. albans road, st. albans, bon thomas reserve pre-school centre, orama street child care centre, sunshine tip, st. albans cricket club

Published: The Age 4 April 1934 p11 Published title: "DEMOLITION AND BUILDING ACTIVITIES IN THE CITY." Published caption: "Interesting studies in the building activities in the city are afforded by the above three photographs taken yesterday when work ceased owing to the rain. That on the left is a striking picture of the remains of the Palace Hotel buildings, running back from Bourke street to Little Collins street, better known as the Bijou Theatre. This is the largest demolition contract ever undertaken in Melbourne. The view is towards Bourke street, from a vantage point in Little Collins street. In the right centre of the ruins may be seen a large portion of the light frame and lattice work which extended over the once well known arcade. In the background three stories of Melbourne Coffee Palace, on the opposite side of Bourke street rise above the front of the theatre in the photograph, and the Melbourne General Hospital is just discernible through the mist at the top. The steel frame work in the centre picture is readily identifiable as that erected for the extension of the State Savings Bank at the south-west corner of Bourke and Elizabeth streets. The steel skeleton to the right, suggestive of immense strength, is that nearing completion in Collins street for the Bank of New South Wales." Trove article identifier: http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article203828669 Description: Partial demolition of three-storied and five-storied buildings. One building has a large atrium. View of buildings taken from rear. Building at 225 Bourke Street (between Swanston and Russell, south side) contains Bijou Theatre. Also Victoria Arcade, built 1876, architect Joseph Reed. On other side of Arcade is Gaiety Theatre (formerly known as Oxford Theatre). Cityscape in background. Opposite is Melbourne Coffee Palace, built 1882, demolished c.1970. Featured in "Newsworthy: Melbourne in photographs 1933-1936" exhibition at East Melbourne Library, October to December 2023. Exhibition caption by project volunteer Louise McKenzie: "The largest demolition contract ever undertaken in Melbourne… The building on the left is a striking picture of the remains of the Palace Hotel buildings, running back from Bourke Street to Little Collins Street, better known as the Bijou Theatre. This is the largest demolition contract ever undertaken in Melbourne.” – The Age The Bijou Theatre was erected in 1877 and originally built as part of Victoria Arcade, which was entered through the Bourke Street frontage. The Theatre was “de rigueur with the gallants and belles of the period. Dainty ladies and white gloved, stiff collared dandies thronged the ‘promenade’ which runs under the theatre.” (Herald 5 Feb 1934) However by 1885, after a fire, the building had been rebuilt to include the three level Bijou Theatre. In November 1890, Arthur Streeton worked there briefly as a scenery painter. By 1909 it was the first “legitimate” theatre in Melbourne to screen films on a semi-permanent basis, while also covering vaudeville, pantomime and its wildly popular final program, “Mickey the Mouse” Revue. In this photo, it is being demolished by Whelan the Wrecker. The tiny iron spiral staircases that led to the dressing rooms (and down which more than one unwary actor sometimes fell) were salvaged and built into the fabric of Monsalvat at Eltham. References: https://theatreheritage.org.au/on-stage-magazine/stage-by-stage/item/52-bijou-theatrePhotographer notations on slide: "B20".demolished buildings, 1930-1939, joseph reed, theatres

During prestige, long distance train journeys some carriages had air-conditioning, and the majority of passengers had to brave unheated carriages. To offer some comfort during the winter months, the non-air-conditioned carriages were provided with footwarmers. These were metal containers roughly 100 mm thick and 300 mm wide, and about 750 mm long, which were filled with salt crystals (concentrated crystalline hydrated sodium acetate). The footwarmers were covered by sleeves of thick canvas, and two footwarmers were usually placed in each compartment of non-air-conditioned carriages. To activate the chemicals, the footwarmers were heated almost to boiling point. This was done by removing the canvas sleeves and placing the footwarmers in a large bath of very hot water. After they had been heated, they were removed from the bath and the sleeves refitted. They were then ready to be placed in the carriages. The McLaren patent foot warmer was used on railways in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia as well as South Africa and New Zealand. It was during the 1901 royal visit by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall that these foot warmers were first used in New Zealand in the royal carriage. Before railway carriage heating was introduced, McLaren patent foot warmers were placed on the floor of New South Wales government railway carriages from 1891 to provide a little passenger comfort. The rectangular steel container worked a bit like a hot water bottle but instead of water contained six and a half kilograms of loosely-packed salt crystals, (concentrated crystalline hydrated sodium acetate). This was permanently sealed inside the container with a soldered cap. After the foot warmer was heated in vat of boiling water for about one and a quarter hours the crystals became a hot liquid. (The melting point for sodium acetate is 58 degrees). There was a whole infrastructure of special furnaces set up at stations for the daily heating of foot warmers. By 1914 the Victorian railways had 4,000 foot warmers in service and by 1935 there were 33 furnaces at principal stations to heat them. After about 10 hours the container was picked up by the handle and given a good vertical shake which helped the cooled liquid reform into a solid mass of hot crystals. Staff or sometimes passengers shook them en route when the foot warmers began to get cold. However, as they were heavy this was only possible by fit and agile passengers. At the end of the journey the containers were boiled again for reuse on the next trip. Sodium acetate railway foot warmers were introduced in Victoria in 1889, Adelaide to Melbourne express in 1899. "Shaking up" on this service took place at Murray Bridge and Stawell on the tip to Melbourne and at Ballarat and Serviceton on the trip to Adelaide. The use of foot warmers began to decline in New South Wales from the 1930s with the first trial of carriage air-conditioning in 1936, steam heating from 1948 ad LP gas heating from 1961. By the early 1960s the main services using foot warmers were the overnight mail trains. info from : http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=67564#ixzz4UBNzVf6t Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial There was a whole infrastructure set up at stations for the daily heating of foot warmers in special furnaces. In Victoria alone in 1935 there were 33 heating works.Historic - Victorian Railways - Carriage Heater - Foot warmerA rectangular-shaped stainless steel casing with a welded seam down the back and welded ends. There is a handle at one end for carrying and shaking. Inside the foot warmer are two baffle plates and three trays to contain the sodium acetate. There was a cast-iron ball in each internal compartment. puffing billy, victorian railways, carriage haeter, foot warmer, passenger comfort, station furnace, railway ephemera, early heating methods

King Camp Gillette observed in 1902 that as existing, relatively expensive, razor blades dulled quickly and needed continuous sharpening, a razor whose blade could be thrown away when it dulled would meet a real need and likely be profitable. Safety razors had been developed in the mid-19th century, but still used a forged blade that dulled and rusted. In the 1870s, the Kampfe Brothers ( Germany) introduced a type of safety razor Gillette improved these earlier safety-razor designs, and introduced the high-profit-margin stamped razor blade steel blade. Gillette's innovation was the thin, inexpensive, disposable blade of stamped steel. Gillette's safety razor retailed for a substantial $5 half the average working man's weekly pay — yet sold by the millions. The most difficult part of development was engineering the blades, as thin, cheap steel was difficult to work and sharpen. This accounts for the delay between the initial idea and the product's introduction. To sell the product, Gillette founded the American Safety Razor Company on September 28, 1901 (changing the company's name to Gillette Safety Razor Company in July 1902). Gillette obtained a trademark registration (0056921) for his portrait and signature on the packaging. Production began in 1903, when he sold a total of 51 razors and 168 blades. The following year, he sold 90,884 razors and 123,648 blades, thanks in part to Gillette's low prices, automated manufacturing techniques and good advertising. By 1908, the corporation had established manufacturing facilities in the United States, Canada, England, France and Germany. Razor sales reached 450,000 units and blade sales exceeded 70 million units in 1915. In 1918, when the U.S. entered World War I, the company provided all American soldiers with a field razor set, paid for by the government, and as they were allowed to take them at discharge they continued their use of this product thus ensuring future sales. The company continues in the present day as the Gillette brand of Procter & Gamble, USA. Throughout the 20thC most men used this type of safety razor with disposable stainless steel razor blades to shave their beards prior to the introduction of affordable electric razors in 1960'sA blue packet of unused 'King Gillette' safety razor blades.on top of packet; Press with thumb / and snap end open / GILLETTE QUALITY THE / SAME THE WORLD OVER / FACTORIES IN / USA / CANADA , GREAT BRITAIN / MEXICO , FRANCE / COLUMBIA, GERMANY / BRAZIL, SPAIN / ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA / GILLETTE TRADE MARK / KING C GILLETTE / RED. TRADE MARKS / GILLETTE (AUST.) PTY. LIMITED / MELBOURNE / DE 2023 / MADE IN AUSTRALIA / shaving equipment, safety razors, gillette king, proctor & gamble, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham,

This list of factories in the City of Sunshine is an extract from a report by K.G. Wilson, L.R. Dryer & R.A. Scaramella, prepared for the Melbourne Western Region Commission (WRC). The Melbourne Western Region Commission was a major inter‑municipal planning and advocacy body operating across Melbourne’s western suburbs in the late 1970s and 1980s. It coordinated planning, heritage studies, and regional development across multiple councils. The Commission brought together a broad sweep of western-region councils City of Altona, City of Essendon, City of Footscray, City of Keilor, City of Sunshine, City of Williamstown, Shire of Bacchus Marsh, Shire of Melton & Shire of Werribee. The Melbourne Western Region Commission was one of the most important institutional predecessors to the region’s later heritage, planning, and community‑development frameworks.This report records the business name, type of industry and address of businesses operating in the City of Sunshine in 1984.Factory Name or Occupier A. Korinfsky & Connolly A.J. & J.N. Cook A.R.C. Engineering Pty Ltd Air Refiners Aust Pty Ltd Ajax Pumps Pty Ltd Albion Explosive Factory (Department of Defence) Alliance Printing Co. Pty Ltd Aqua Heat Australia Pty Ltd Aranem Furniture Pty Ltd Arrar Pty Ltd Australain Tube Mills Pty Ltd Australian Quality Closures (Volanda Nominees Pty Ltd) Aztec Sheet Metal Industries Pty Ltd B.G. & J.M. Douglas Nominees Pty Ltd Berkeley Appatel Pty Ltd Berkshire Kitchen Cabinets Pty Ltd Blade Engineering Pty Ltd Boka Engineering Pty Ltd Boneham Engineering Pty Ltd Brand Engineering Toolmaking (Vic) Pty Ltd C.G. Carlton Pty Ltd C.J.T. Niven Pty Ltd C.M.A. Foam Group (Cablemakers Aust Pty Ltd) Campbell & Paterson Engineering Pty Ltd Cargo Newpack Industries City Insulations Pty Ltd Classic Garage Construction Cliff Poole Industries Pty Ltd Collie Cooke Consolidated Conlo Constructions Pty Ltd Connor Shea & Co. Pty Ltd Consolidated Partition Industries Holding Pty Ltd Cosmoplitan Clothing Manfacturers Crea Fashions Pty Ltd Currie Furniture Manufacturing Pty Ltd D. Richardson & Son Ltd Dalco Hardware (Dalco Pty Ltd) Daveyduke Industries (Mimvic Nominees Pty Ltd) Debora Downs Pty Ltd Deer Park Engineering Pty Ltd Deer Park Flyscreens (Azzopardi & Associates Pty Ltd) Dieselflex Pty Ltd Donald Minahan Pty Ltd Drava Continental Butchers & Smallgoods Manufacturer Drilling Equipment (Van Dyke Pty Ltd) Dunham Welding Engineering Pty Ltd E. & F. Industries Pty Ltd E.P. Morrisey & Co. Pty Ltd Elite-Built Holdings Ltd Englehold Engineering Pty Ltd Everlast Steel Products Explosive Factory (Department of Defence Support) Extruded Metals Pty Ltd Exy-Fit Screens F. & D.M. Costa Pty Ltd F. & I. Pfeffer Holdings Pty Ltd F.J. Humphrey Pty Ltd Fallshaw Holdings Pty Ltd Ferrous Forgings Pty Ltd Fleet Engineering Pty Ltd Fletcher Chemical Co. Ltd Franklin Printing & Lithographic Co. Pty Ltd Fraser Cabinets Pty Ltd G. & L. Stone Pty Ltd G.A.M. Engineering Industries Pty Ltd G.P.I. Automotive Products Pty Ltd G.U.D. Manufacturing Co. Pty Ltd G.W. Gregory Engineering (Aust) Pty Ltd General Printing Ink (Aust) Pty Ltd George Press Pty Ltd Griffiths & Beeren Pty Ltd Gubbata Nominess Pty Ltd Harkrome Electroplaters Pty Ltd Hills & Mason Pty Ltd Hydraulic Equipment & Cylinder Service Pty Ltd Hy-Du-Ex I.C.I. Australia Operations Pty Ltd I.H. Mono & Co. Idea General Engineering Industrial Engineering Invicta Group Industries Pty Ltd K. & B. Windows Pty Ltd K.C. Furniture & Cabinets K.D.S. Manufacturing K.M. Tubular Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd K.P.T. Clothing Manufacturers (K.T.P. Fashions Pty Ltd) Kanga Engineering Pty Ltd Keilor Footwear Pty Ltd Kelgrif Patterns Pty Ltd Klipspringer Pty Ltd Krueger Transports Equipment Pty Ltd Langmar Pty Ltd Layton Granite Industries Pty Ltd Lesvos General Products (Gabbia Pty Ltd) Lewis Foundry Lysaght Durham Chemical Company (Austram Corporation Ltd) M.C.I. (Aust) Pty Ltd M.J. Billings M.S.M. Cabinets Pty Ltd Maidstone Cabinet Works Marble Art Company Marib Cutter Sharpening Service Massey-Ferguson (Aust) Ltd McIntyre Steel Industries (Vic) Pty Ltd Midway Press Business Forms Mirna Cabinets Manufacturers Pty Ltd Monsanto Aust Ltd Morgan Cabinets Morris Structural & Engineering Newroll Industries Pty Ltd North Sunshine Cases Novio Insulation (Vic) Pty Ltd Olex Cables (Dunlop Olympic Ltd) Ordnance Factory (Department of Defence Support) P. & S. Siegel Pty Ltd P.S. Fenech Pty Ltd Pacific Carpets Internations Pty Ltd Pattern Productions Pauls Woodworking Pty Ltd Penthouse Furniture Co. Pty Ltd Peter Bouris General Steel Work Pomona Printers Pty Ltd Presstool Manufacturing & Grinding R.E.M. Constructions Pty Ltd R.J. Thompson Nominees Pty Ltd R.M.D. Press Co. Pty Ltd Ralph McMay Ltd Reeco Industries Pty Ltd Regina Terrazzo Tile Robcliff Printing Rockwell Standard of Australia Ltd Saturn Quality Trailers Pty Ltd Sedco Pty Ltd & Sunshine Extrusion Die Co. Pty Ltd Sign City Pty Ltd Smithweld Pty Ltd Smorgan Consolidated Industries Solo Signs Spafco Pty Ltd Stafford Engineering Pty Ltd Star of Paris Pty Ltd Steel Improvement Pty Ltd Sunset Joinery Pty Ltd Sunshine Engineering Pty Ltd Sunshine Group Industries Pty Ltd Sunshine Joinery Pty Ltd Sunshine Metal Polishing Pty Ltd Sunshine Trailers Sunshine Vitreous Enamellers Pty Ltd Sunshine Wrought Iron Super Cartridge Superstyle Tubular Manufacturers Pty Ltd Talkprint Pty Ltd Tenderfoot Shoes Treble Printing Co. Trifoleum Pty Ltd Ultra Scales Pty Ltd United Scales Pty Ltd V.P. Hawthorne Nominees Pty Ltd Vinidex Tubemakers Pty Ltd Vitas Engineering W. & H. General Engineering Pty Ltd W. Pridham (Aust) (Peerless Processing Co Pty Ltd) W.G. Engels Pty Ltd W.L. Allen Foundry Co. Pty Ltd Wakefield Repetition & General Engineers Warren & Brown Co. (Repco Ltd) Westbury Joinery Co. Holdings Pty Ltd Western Containers Pty Ltd & Chanel Press Pty Ltd Westgate Engineering Westside Joinery Pty Ltd (The Bulman Family Trust) Westwork Industries Wiltshire Tools Pty Ltd Worsted Finishers (Aust) Pty Ltd melbourne western region commission

A marlinspike is a tool used in marine rope work it is shaped in the form of a polished metal cone tapered to a rounded or flattened point, it is used in such tasks as unlaying rope for splicing or untying knots. For drawing a marline tight and using a marlinspike hitch as well as for joining toggle ropes under tension in a belaying pin splice. Most marlin spikes are 15–30 cm long, but may reach 61 cm and more for working heavy cables and ropes. They are usually made from iron or steel, whereas fids, similar in shape and function, are formed from wood or bone. The marlinspike may be a separate tool or as an item on a pocket knife. Sailors who become proficient at knot tying, splicing, and sewing using the marlinspike are said to have mastered marlinespike seamanship, earning them the right to be known as marlin spikes or marlinspike seamen.A tool still very much in use today wherever a rope or cable requires joining, splicing etc the marlin spike tool design has not changed since first invented centuries ago as a sailors tool to splice and make repairs to ropes and cables on board a ship. This item gives a snapshot into the life sailors have on board sailing vessels past and present. Marlin Spike made of solid steel. Handle is bulbous and spike end is rounded.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, marlin spike

This splicing tool is handmade on a forge. It is used for splicing in fibre and wire rope work to form a semi-permanent joint between two ropes, or parts of the same rope or steel cable. The rope is partly untwisted and then the strands are interwoven. Splices can be used to form a stopper at the end of a line, to form a loop or an eye in a rope, or to join two ropes together. Splices are preferred to knotted rope; a knot typically can reduce the strength by 20–40%, but a splice is capable of attaining a rope's full strength. This homemade, handmade splicer is an example of a tool used to splice a cable or rope, a craft that was in much need onboard a sailing ship. Splicing tool; a spike on one end and a flat blade on the other, with goose-neck centre for leverage. Handmade.warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, splicing tool, rope work, rope strands, knot making, netting, net making, sailmaker's tool