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The Nhill Aeradio Station was a part of a vital national network established in 1938 to provide critical communications and navigation support for an increasing amount of civil aircraft.
Situated at the half-way point of a direct air-route between Adelaide and Melbourne, Nhill was an ideal location for an aeradio station and was one of seventeen such facilities originally built across Australia and New Guinea by Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Ltd (AWA) under contract from the Commonwealth Government.
The Aeradio Station at Nhill operated until 1971, when a new VHF communication network at Mt William in the Grampians rendered it obsolete and the station was decommissioned.
The aeradio building survives today in remarkably original condition, and current work is being undertaken by the Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre group to restore the Aeradio Building and interpret its story as part of a local aviation museum.
Film - Halfway House Video, Malcolm McKinnon, Wimmera Regional Library Corporation
Courtesy of Malcolm McKinnon and Wimmera Regional Library Corporation
Film - Halfway House Video, Malcolm McKinnon, Wimmera Regional Library Corporation
[Station sends out zigzag beams]
[Roger Meyer]
In late 1938, the Commonwealth Department of Civil Aviation established the Air Radio Organisation a network of radiocommunication stations across the main air routes of Australia, so that pilots could talk to a ground organisation throughout their flight. One of the early stations of this type was at Nhill, which is halfway between Adelaide and Melbourne, and it was installed so that pilots flying between Adelaide and Melbourne could communicate with the Nhill air radio station.
[Tall radio mast]
[Roger Meyer]
Nhill is remarkably rich with archaeological material. You can kick the soil back and find the footings of the original radio masts, the rotating beacon and also the Lorenz Radio Range, which was a navigation beacon adjacent to the air radio building.
[Max Carland]
I can well remember the air radio station being here because when I was very young, we used to build model aeroplanes, and the best place to launch our model aeroplanes was from the top of the big Lorenz beacon that was here. So we used to climb up there and launch our model aeroplanes out over the old aerodrome.
[Aeroplane soars through sky]
[Mervyn Schneider]
Aircrafts were just coming into their own in the early '30s, and when the aircraft started to come and go on the route from Adelaide to Melbourne, they'd call in here for fuel. When I finished school in 1940, I went to work at the Williams' garage. They had a contract to refuel the aircraft that landed here. So, I'd be called out at all hours to come out and fuel the aircraft when they landed here. They used to taxi right up to the air radio building where we are now, and you could tell they were operating even from outside.
[Interior of station, radio equipment]
[Mervyn Schneider]
You could hear the conversations going on and you could hear the background noise and the static. Far from the touch screens of today, it was very much key switches and faders and knobs and controls to operate the equipment.
[Air radio operator]
[Mervyn Schneider]
There would've been five air radio operators at Nhill working on shifts around the clock. It was a point of first contact with incoming and outgoing flights. People transferring perishable goods, of course, would want to know when an aircraft was arriving or departing, and the air radio men seemed to have knowledge of an awful lot of things about the comings and goings in a rural town. It was a very important part of the rural community.
[Headphones and radio equipment]
[Mervyn Schneider]
I was always interested to hear where the aeroplanes were, and what time they'd be coming in and what height they were flying at, and what weather conditions they were striking, asking whether Essendon - 'cause that was the main airport then - whether it was open. Sometimes you'd hear that they were returning to Nhill because of bad weather.
[Aeroplane flies through fog]
[Mervyn Schneider]
The aircraft, especially during the war, they were heavily laden, and with just enough fuel to get to their destination, so they would have to return to Nhill if the weather was bad in Essendon or at Parafield.
[Air radio operator]
[Rob Lynch]
It was a totally overlooked part of aviation, because the emphasis has always been on the pilots. But behind that was a massive network of radiocommunications, and navigation that... that... How many people's lives have been saved over the years because of facilities like this?
[Beeping and radio static]
[Nhill Air Radio Station]
[Roger Meyer]
The Nhill air radio station was a standard design used at 12 sites around Australia, and it is, as far as we know, the most original and best preserved of all of these air radio buildings still surviving, which makes it a very important building in the culture of the air radio and flight service organisation.
[Radio static]
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Courtesy of Malcolm McKinnon and Wimmera Regional Library Corporation
In this video, Nhill locals Max Carland and Merv Schneider recollect their experience of visiting the aeradio base during the early years of its operation.
As well, civil aviation historian Roger Meyer explains the significance of the Australia – New Guinea aeradio network and the special value of the Nhill aeradio building as a largely intact relic from this particular era in Australian aviation history.
Photograph - 'Nhill Aeradio Station', 1939, Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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The Nhill Aeradio Station was a part of a vital national network established in 1938 to provide critical communications and navigation support for an increasing amount of civil aircraft.
Situated at the half-way point of a direct air-route between Adelaide and Melbourne, Nhill was an ideal location for an aeradio station and was one of seventeen such facilities originally built across Australia and New Guinea by Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Ltd (AWA) under contract from the Commonwealth Government.
Photograph - Black and white photograph, Local photograph. Original of this scan held by Nhill Historical Society, 'Public opening of the Nhill Aeradio Station', 1938, Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre
Courtesy of Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre Collection
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Development of the Nhill Aeradio Station generated considerable ongoing interest in the local community. Here members of the public inspect equipment at the public opening.
After the station became operational in 1938, planes flying between Adelaide and Melbourne were frequently diverted to land at Nhill in the event of bad weather at one of the capital city airports, and grounded aircraft also stopped for refueling immediately adjacent to the Aeradio Station.
Radio operators and associated radio technicians were assigned to work at Nhill for extended periods, and these people and their families were a valued part of the local community.
Photograph - 'Lorenz Beacon at the Nhill Aeradio Station', 1938, Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre
Courtesy of Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre Collection
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Courtesy of Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre Collection
The Lorenz Beacon was the centre-piece of the navigation system at the Nhill Aeradio Station.
Originally, the beacon was mounted on top of a steel tower, but this created problems with electric static and the steel tower was soon replaced with a wooden structure.
Photograph - 'Radio operator(possibly Max Crockett) at work, Nhill Aeradio Station', 1950, Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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On the right of the radio operater (possibly Max Crockett)is the Lorenz Radio Range monitor unit. The Lorenz beam was short-wave landing radio beacon that had the advantage of not being subject to atmospheric interference.
A permanent roster of Aeradio operators at Nhill worked around the clock to provide full-time communications and navigation support to aircraft flying between Melbourne and Adelaide. The radio operators and associated radio technicians and their families were a valued part of the local community.
Photograph - 'Radio operator’s room at Nhill Aeradio Station', 1939, Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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When it commenced operating in 1938, the Nhill Aeradio Station was equipped with state-of-the-art communications equipment, much of which was designed and built in Australia by AWA.
Transmitters and receivers worked on the high-frequency (HF) range, and operators communicated with airline pilots via microphone or, when atmospheric conditions created high levels of interference, via morse-key.
Photograph - 'Standard Aeradio interior', Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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The physical Aeradio buildings were more-or-less identical, as was all of the equipment provided to operate the stations. This is a standard Aeradio interior, consistent with environment and equipment at the Nhill Aeradio Station.
The original network of Aeradio Stations established in seventeen strategic locations across the main air-routes across Australia were designed and built to a standard specification.
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A standard Aeradio operator’s desk console, consistent with environment and equipment at the Nhill Aeradio Station.
The stations were designed and built to a standard specification. Nhill’s identification was 'NH Nhill'.
Photograph - 'Standard transmitter equipment', Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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Standard transmitter equipment, consistent with the environment and equipment at Nhill.
The physical Aeradio buildings were more-or-less identical, as was all of the equipment provided to operate the stations.
Photograph - 'Standard back-up generator sets and power plant', Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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The Nhill station had a separate Power House for its generators.
Designed and built to a standard specification, the physical Aeradio buildings were more-or-less identical, as was all of the equipment provided to operate the stations.
Photograph - 'Aerial view from the Radio Range Tower at Nhill Aeradio Station', c. 1950, Civil Aviation Historical Society
Courtesy of Civil Aviation Historical Society
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In the largely flat, expansive landscape surrounding the town of Nhill in the Victorian Wimmera, the Aeradio beacon tower was a prominent landmark.
The Lorenz Beacon was the centre-piece of the navigation system at the Nhill Aeradio Station. Beyond the Radio Range building is the Power House building and the neon light beacon mast (identification light tower).
The Lorenz Radio Range aural beacon was replaced in 1952 with a VAR Visual Aural Range beacon.
Photograph - 'Nhill Aeradio Station building', 1979, Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre
Courtesy of Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre
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Nhill’s Aeradio Station is today probably known by most local people as the Apex Clubrooms on the western boundary of the Aerodrome. In fact, the adoption of the building by the Nhill Apex Club was critical in preventing its likely demolition after the closure of the Aeradio facility in 1971.
When a new VHF communication network at Mt William in the Grampians rendered it obsolete and the station was decommissioned.
The building survives today in remarkably original condition, and current work is being undertaken by the Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre group to restore the Aeradio Building and interpret its story as part of a local aviation museum.