The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s.Pair of two tone beige and brown leather women’s court shoes designed by Pedro Garcia, EspanaPedro Garcia / ESPANA / Pedro Garcia / Made in Spainwomen's shoes, pedro garcia -- espana -- shoes, footwear

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. Pair of two-tone mid and dark brown leather court shoes with the designer name ‘JW Jane’ on the upper.Label upper: "JW JANE"women's shoes, jane jw -- shoes, footwear

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s.A pair of two-tone cream leather and beige suede women’s court shoes with beige leather insoles by Paragon Shoes.Paragon / 49274 / 7 1/2women's shoes, court shoes, paragon shoes, footwear, shoes

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. A pair of open-toed women’s sandals by 'Vince', styled in bands of red, white and blue.VINCEwomen's shoes, footwear, sandals, vince -- shoes

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s.Pair of leather women’s court shoes, manufactured by Mario Valentino of Italy. The yellow leather shoes have a cream leather insole and decorative white leather bows with black polka dots.Label: "MARIO VALENTINO / MADE IN ITALY"international fashion, women's shoes, court shoes, mario valentino

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s.A pair of slingback shoes by Jane, styled in red leather."JANE"women's shoes, jane -- shoes -- designer, footwear

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. Pair of lime yellow leather women’s court shoes. A label on the upper states that the shoes are part of the Magnini Elegance Collection or style.Magnini Elegance Leather Upper / Synthetic lining / Leather sole / Made in Malaysiawomen's shoes, magnini, elegance collection, footwear

Rodney FORBES (1951- ) Born Melbourne Rodney Forbes' work is figurative narrative painting and uses autobiographical and incident-as-metaphor methods to explore wider issues of knowing and belonging in oral traditions such as working class, children’s and artisan subcultures. His practice draws on pop, cartooning and joke narrative structures within contemporary culture. (http://www.australiangalleries.com.au/artists/rodney-forbes/, accessed 07 April 2017)A large painting showing aspects of a printery. Rodney Forbes and fellow student Linda Karklins worked on this painting as an undergraduate student at the Gippsland School of Art (Gippsland Institute of Advanced Education, now the Gippsland Centre for Art and Design, Federation University Gippsland Campus). The painting hung for many years in the campus printery. The Gippsland Gippsland Centre for Art and Design is now part of Federation University Gippsland Campus.rodney forbes, printery, gippsland campus, churchill, linda karklins, gippsland school of art, gippsland institute of advanced education, printing

Iron beds made from metal or wrought iron have been around since the late 18th century when they were hand made by craftsmen and artisans. The iron castings were always hand poured and originated from sand cast molds, more ornate beds are associated with the Victorian period. Later in the Edwardian era cast iron beds and cots had much less decoration and were quite plain .An relatively early domestic piece of furniture used as a babies cot giving a snapshot into domestic life around the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th. The item is not associated with a significant event, person or place and would have been common place in most homes of the time made by many different manufactures.Cot, metal, with chrome knobs and removable sides. Has wheelsNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, cot, metal cot, iron bed

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. These shoes were owned, worn and donated to the collection by Dione McIntyre.The McIntyre Collection of clothing and clothing accessories forms one of the largest single donations to our Fashion & Design collection. It includes clothing and clothing accessories worn by four women in the Cohen and McIntyre families across three generations. The items worn by Melbourne architect, and Kew resident, Dione McIntyre date from the 1960s and 1970s, and include evening wear, day wear, hats and shoes. As Dione McIntyre often accompanied her husband, fellow architect Peter McIntyre, to formal events, there are a number of pieces of evening wear among the items. The McIntyre Collection also includes items worn by women of an earlier generation: by Lilian Cohen, Dione McIntyre's mother, and by her mother-in-law, the wife of the architect Robert McIntyre. At the other end of the chronological spectrum are a number of outfits belonging to, worn and donated by Annie McIntyre. These include outfits created by notable late 20th century Australian and/or international fashion designers. The McIntyre Collection is significant historically and artistically as it includes examples of design that demonstrate changing tastes in fashion over an 80-year period. The collection is also significant in that it includes the work of a large number of Melbourne designers from the 1960s to the 1990s. Pair of black rubber overshoes, owned and worn by Dione McIntyre. The Flarta shoes protected vulnerable shoes from mud or rain. footwear, shoes, overshoes, flarta shoes, mcintyre collection

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. These shoes were owned, worn and donated to the collection by Annie McIntyre.The McIntyre Collection of clothing and clothing accessories forms one of the largest single donations to our Fashion & Design collection. It includes clothing and clothing accessories worn by four women in the Cohen and McIntyre families across three generations. The items worn by Melbourne architect, and Kew resident, Dione McIntyre date from the 1960s and 1970s, and include evening wear, day wear, hats and shoes. As Dione McIntyre often accompanied her husband, fellow architect Peter McIntyre, to formal events, there are a number of pieces of evening wear among the items. The McIntyre Collection also includes items worn by women of an earlier generation: by Lilian Cohen, Dione McIntyre's mother, and by her mother-in-law, the wife of the architect Robert McIntyre. At the other end of the chronological spectrum are a number of outfits belonging to, worn and donated by Annie McIntyre. These include outfits created by notable late 20th century Australian and/or international fashion designers. The McIntyre Collection is significant historically and artistically as it includes examples of design that demonstrate changing tastes in fashion over an 80-year period. The collection is also significant in that it includes the work of a large number of Melbourne designers from the 1960s to the 1990s. Black satin and velvet evening shoes, by Enrico Coveri. The shoes were purchased by Annie McIntyre and worn with her Martin Grant outfit in 1985 at her 21st birthday party. The shoes, donated by Annie McIntyre, form part of the McIntyre family collection.A note by Dione McIntyre, describing the outfit, of which this item is a part reads: "Martin Grant outfit, including black satin and velvet shoes. Martin Grant was originally from Melbourne, now internationally and renowned and designing and living in Paris. The outfit was worn by Annie McIntyre on her 21st birthday, 1985"mcintyre collection, enrico coveri, international fashion - footwear - 1980s, women's shoes

Balinese art is art of Hindu-Javanese origin that grew from the work of artisans of the Majapahit Kingdom, with their expansion to Bali in the late 14th century. From the sixteenth until the twentieth centuries, the village of Kamasan, Klungkung (East Bali), was the centre of classical Balinese art. During the first part of the twentieth century, new varieties of Balinese art developed. Since the late twentieth century, Ubud and its neighboring villages established a reputation as the center of Balinese art.This is likely a memento of the Dutch/Indonesia era.Carved and lacquered wooden image of male and female heads. Each is wearing a highly decorative headdress giving the impression of a special ceremony such as a wedding. The necks of the figures merge into further carving, this time of an abstract theme.

This hand groover is sometimes called a seamer, grooving iron, punch or fuller. It would have been used by a metal smith, such as a blacksmith, tinsmith or sheet metal worker. It is used to join two edges of metal. The smith overlaps the edges of the metal, then places the tool on top and beats it with a hammer on the top, forcing the metal into the tool's groove, which joins the metal. The device would be moved along the edges to complete the seam. The same tool could give a decorative finish to an artisan's work.This hand groover is sometimes called a seamer, grooving iron, punch or fuller. It would have been used by a metal smith, such as a blacksmith, tinsmith or sheet metal worker. It is used to join two edges of metal. The smith overlaps the edges of the metal, then places the tool on top and beats it with a hammer on the top, forcing the metal into the tool's groove, which joins the metal. The device would be moved along the edges to complete the seam. The same tool could give a decorative finish to an artisan's work.Tool: a fuller, used to form a groove in heated iron. It is also referred to as a groover, seamer or fuller punch. Hand tool with round handle, flat round top and indented rectangular base. Base has grooves on long edges. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, blacksmith tool, vintage tool, sheet metal fabrication, groover, seamer, hand tool, tinsmth, metalsmith, seaming tool, sheet metal worker, manual tool, smith's tool, fuller, grooving iron, punch

This hand groover is sometimes called a seamer, grooving iron, punch or fuller. It would have been used by a metal smith, such as a blacksmith, tinsmith or sheet metal worker. It is used to join two edges of metal. The smith overlaps the edges of the metal, then places the tool on top and beats it with a hammer on the top, forcing the metal into the tool's groove, which joins the metal. The device would be moved along the edges to complete the seam. The same tool could give a decorative finish to an artisan's work.This handmade tool was made for the particular purpose of joining sheets of metal together. The metal formed in this way could be used for water tanks, boilers and other similar items. It is an example of the equipment made and used in the trades of a metalsmith and blacksmith in the 19th and early 20th centuries.Tool: a fuller, used to form a groove in heated iron. It is also referred to as a groover, seamer or fuller punch. Hand tool with round handle, flat round top and indented rectangular base. Base has grooves on long edges. flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, blacksmith tool, vintage tool, sheet metal fabrication, groover, seamer, hand tool, tinsmth, metalsmith, seaming tool, sheet metal worker, manual tool, smith's tool, fuller, grooving iron, punch

The Sandhurst Industrial Exhibition was held in Sandhurst at the Market Building and Corn Exchange and was opened by the Marquis of Normandy on the 17th March 1879. Modelled on a similar event held in Ballarat the previous year which was largely aimed at displaying the work of juvenile artisans, the Sandhurst Exhibition was more general in its purpose and provided more space for the general exhibition of products, natural and manufactured from the broader surrounding district. The opening event included a procession of all the friendly societies, fire brigades and other local institutions. Obverse Description; Bendigo Coat of Arms Reverse Description; (Text only) Edge Description; PlainObverse Description: Progress Ernst A Altmann Reverse Description: Sandhurst Industrial Exhibition / 1879 / Awarded to / George R Bennett / South Yarra / Inlaid Marble / Chess Tablecity of greater bendigo medals, sandhurst industrial exhibition 1879

Henry J. Hall was an teacher Freehand Drawing and Model Drawing at the Ballarat School of Mines. In 1889 he reported to the Ballarat School of Mines Council that this class was never established for the cultivation of Art (as generally understood) or the making of pictures but with an idea of assisting artisans - of both sexes - and persons connected with mechanical industries, in acquiring lightness of hand, and facility in the use of a black-lead pencil so as to be able to place legibly and intelligibly upon a sheet. For many years Henry Hall advertised private tuition in Drawing, Painting and Perspective, at 'Ferndale', 25 Eyre Street. Handwritten letter on paper with the address 'Ferndale, 25 Eyre Street, Ballarat' printed at the top. The handwritten letter is from Henry J. Hall to Andrew Anderson, President of the Ballarat School of Mines. Handwritten in ink "March 19th 98 Andrew Anderson Esq President School of Mines Dear Sir I am informed by the registrar of the School of Miens that you are desirous of despensing [sic] with the services of Drawing Instructor at that Institution. The reason assigned being dis-satisfaction expressed by the inspector regarding "the quantity and quality of the freehand work done during the year. Before any definite action is taken, might I ask in justice to myself and the students whose work is thus maligned, that I be allowed a personal interview with Mr Monkhouse in order to ascertain the grounds of his complaint, and afford me an opportunity of vindicating my position. I have the honor to remain, respectfully yours Henry J. Hall." Written and circled in red ink "168" ballarat school of mines, henry j. hall, henry hall, andrew anderson, drawing, art

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. Footrest Shoes were manufactured in High Street Preston, on the west side not far up from Dundas Street, but well before Bell St. Preston is a suburb of Melbourne.Pair of dark green leather women’s court shoes with a green fabric bow at the front, manufactured by Footrest, Australia.Footrest, Australia. Made by Footrest /Leather Uppers Linings & Soleswomen's shoes, footrest shoes, footwear, ladies footwear

A courting chain was carved by a man and given to the girl he was courting. This was a common European practice in the past, with Welsh courting chains surviving from the 17th century, though the practice may have gone back even further than that. The chain indicated that man was a capable artisan and was occupying his hands in a healthy way, particularly when the lady was present. The many types of loops and chains carved all had symbolic meanings. The cage with the wooden balls inside was said to indicate the desire of the man for children and the number he would like. The symbolism of the arm and hand with the two digits touching is not known. This courting chain has no known local provenance but it is an interesting object as an example of the customs of the past. It will be useful for displays. This is a wooden carved courting chain. One end is in the shape of an arm and hand with the thumb and first finger touching at the tips. Then there are three chains linked to the arm with a peg inserted into another loop at the end. Next, joined to this, is another loop attached to a wooden cage which has two wooden balls inside. The chain is finished with a carved turret structure at the end. courting chains, history of warrnambool

One of the oldest houses in Eltham, the cottage was built around 1861 by pioneer builder George Stebbing whose family lived in it until the 1900s. It’s plain and simple style reflects the functional design of the house. George Stebbing was responsible for the construction of some of Eltham's principal township buildings, including the Uniting (former Methodist) church, St. Margaret's Anglican church (1861) and Shillinglaw Cottage (1879). The house is historically and aesthetically significant because it is a rare surviving example of the modest homes constructed for and by artisans within the early Eltham township and is a significant feature of the streetscape In the 1960s Albert Downing owned this propertyThe Margaret Ball (Pre 1960s Houses) Collection was a personal project initiated to mark the year 2000 and arose as a result of the disappearance of many pre-1960s parts of Eltham due to development. Approximately 200 pre-1960s style houses that were left in Eltham between Main Road and east to Bible Street, between Cecil Street to the north and south to Dalton Street were photographed in late 1999. Not all of the houses could be photographed; some because the garden or trees blocked the view of the house, others because of rubbish or cars were in the way, some because people were working on the house or in the gardens at the time.Colour photographic print eltham, houses, streets, margaret ball (pre 1960s houses) collection, pitt street, stebbing's cottage, downing

Used for stirring a multitude of kitchen produced food, especially jam, scones, cakes, and soup. Also used by the mother as a threat to naughty children. The word spoon derives from an ancient word meaning a chip of wood or horn carved from a larger piece.[1] Wooden spoons were easy to carve and thus inexpensive, making them common throughout history. Wooden spoons have been made in virtually every nation on earth and (compared to silver or pewter or gold spoons) represent the ordinary artisan and reflect the life of ordinary folk: this is their "folk art". Source: www.wikipedia.org An essential item found in the kitchen. One piece wooden spoon. Turned marble-shaped decoration at end of handle.kitchen, food, spoon, wooden, stirring, mixing, jam, cakes, batter

The Australian Heritage Festival is a yearly event organised by the National Trust. Organisations can register their events held during a month, with dates varying in each state.The Mission to Seafarers holds tours and other events every year during this Festival for the community to discover its history. In 2019, The Mission hosted "Practice Makes Perfect", a showcase of rare trades: stained glass windows, lace making, marine knots, wood carving etc.australian heritage festival, 2019, events, victorian program, national trust, friend of the festival, practice makes perfect, lost trades, artisans, rare trades, gordon byrne, artisan's guild of australia, bruce hutton, bruce walker, henry hakopian, keiran dunleavy, david stephenson, duncan mcharg, james charlwood, barry smith

March Excursion - Eltham Cemetery Artworks Newsletter No 236 October 2017 contained a report on the unveiling of a significant new art project at the Eltham Cemetery. Titled “Our Eltham – Artistic Recollections” it features 31 ceramic panels containing artwork with a local history theme. The work is the joint creation of artist Nerina Lascelles and ceramicist Linda Detoma, supported with stonework by Leigh Wykes and steelwork by Neil Carter, all skilled local Nillumbik artisans. The main purpose of our excursion on Saturday 3rd March 2018 at 2.00pm will be to view the panels and will include readings from the interpretive booklet published by the Cemetery Trust. There will also be the opportunity to inspect other artworks within the cemetery. - EDHS Newsletter No. 238 February 2018fay bridge collection, 2018-03-03, eltham cemetery, eltham district historical society, heritage excursion, our eltham artistic recollections, public art

March Excursion - Eltham Cemetery Artworks Newsletter No 236 October 2017 contained a report on the unveiling of a significant new art project at the Eltham Cemetery. Titled “Our Eltham – Artistic Recollections” it features 31 ceramic panels containing artwork with a local history theme. The work is the joint creation of artist Nerina Lascelles and ceramicist Linda Detoma, supported with stonework by Leigh Wykes and steelwork by Neil Carter, all skilled local Nillumbik artisans. The main purpose of our excursion on Saturday 3rd March 2018 at 2.00pm will be to view the panels and will include readings from the interpretive booklet published by the Cemetery Trust. There will also be the opportunity to inspect other artworks within the cemetery. - EDHS Newsletter No. 238 February 20182018-03-03, eltham cemetery, eltham district historical society, heritage excursion, our eltham artistic recollections, public art, peter & elizabeth pidgeon collection

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. Schumacher Shoes was a family owned and operated retail show store in Melbourne who sought out the best in comfort, design, and style features. Brands are sourced from around the world, including renowned German, French, Italian; Spanish seasons collections. Made from, including sustainable, quality natural; man made materials.Black leather shoes, with high stilettos heels sling backs with a narrow pointed toe, designed by Schumacher of Collins Street, Melbourne.Schumacher / 296 (sic) Collins Street / Melbourneschumacher, women's shoes, footwear

A Mechanics’ Institute hall was constructed in 1885 and opened as Orbost's first library. It was situated in Browning Street, Orbost. The hall is still in use today as a community venue. Mechanics' Institutes are the forerunners of public libraries and adult education in Australia. The origin of mechanics' institutes is attributed to Dr George Birkbeck, who in 1799 gave a series of free lectures for the working men of Glasgow. At the time, 'mechanic' meant artisan, tradesman or working man. The movement spread quickly throughout the British Empire. The first Victorian Mechanics' Institute was the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute established in 1839. From the 1850s, Mechanics' Institutes quickly spread throughout Victoria wherever a hall or library, or a school was needed. This ledger was used by the Orbost Mechanics' Institute from 1884 until 1926. The item was donated to Orbost & District Historical society from P.R.O.V. as a Place of Deposit (POD) item for safe keeping by a local history group or museum.The Mechanics' Institute was a very early feature of the Orbost community. The building became a community facility used for a variety of essential civic needs in particular a library. It also provided a suitable venue for community social requirements and functions.A heavy minute book with faded black covers and brown binding. The edges of the pages are marbled as are the end covers. Pages inside are blue with hand-written black ink records. It contains minutes from the Orbost Mechanics Institute.on spine on red leather in gold lettering: "MINUTE BOOK"minute-book orbost-mechanics'-institute

The Eltham Cemetery Trust, established in 1858, selected the existing burial site at Mount Pleasant Road on high ground overlooking the village of Eltham. The first recorded burial took place in 1861 in the Church of England section. Headstones depict the names of many early and well known local families. On Saturday 5th March 2016 Harry Gilham again lead members and visitors on a heritage excursion through parts of the cemetery, while providing background information on selected individuals buried there. Harry’s cemetery walks have always been popular, and members and visitors were encouraged to come along and experience the tranquil surroundings of this picturesque cemetery. We were also able to view the recently installed sculpture titled ‘A Currawong Takes Flight’ by Michael Wilson located at the highest point of the fence-lined border between Montsalvat and the cemetery. It is close to the last bronze sculpture by Matcham Skipper, titled ‘Young Man Awakening’, commissioned by the Eltham Cemetery Trust to celebrate the 150th Anniversary of the cemetery in 2008. As an addition, we also met the artists and stonemason and given a brief background into the Trust’s newest art project installation titled “Our Eltham – Artistic Recollections” which will feature ceramic panels containing artwork with a local history theme. The work is the joint creation of artist Nerina Lascelles and ceramicist Linda Detoma, supported with stonework by Leigh Wykes and steelwork by Neil Carter, all skilled local Nillumbik artisans.fay bridge collection, 2016-03-05, eltham cemetery, geoff watt, jim connor, leigh wykes, linda detoma, nerina lascelles, young man awakening, harry gilham

Michael and Wendy Wilson have been living in Eltham for fifty years. Recently Michael decided to write what is an engaging and entertaining journey through Michael and Wendy’s life. He recounts his love of Wendy, his family, friends, and his many acquaintances, as well as his love of Eltham and district. Kate Palmer AM, wrote the forward for this book saying, “…it is a window into the world of a true craftsman, an award winning master goldsmith - an artisan who can transform precious metals, wood and gold into exquisite sculptures, jewellery and works of art”. Kate also says “This book is a tribute to Michael Wilson. A man who is fascinated by the world around him and who is inspired by his experiences in that world. Every piece tells a story – about emotion, about a man and his dreams and his fascination for all things engineering.” Michael also recounts his extensive love affair with things with four wheels, from billy carts as a boy, to the various cars he has enjoyed, particularly his favourite Lotus 7, which he states is “a sophisticated billy cart”. He also shares many memorable experiences with others pursuing automotive escapades. It is well written, informative, and just an amazing life story, a very personal record of a life well explored and well lived. - EDHS Newsletter Feb 2024."For the Eltham District Historical Society, Best Wishes, Michael"autobiography, eltham, goldsmith, jeweller, michael wilson. biography, artists, memoir

This design of ink bottle or ink well was commonly referred to as a ‘penny ink well’ because it was very inexpensive to produce. It is also known as a dwarf bottle. Pen and ink has been in use for hand writing from about the seventh century up until the mid-20th century. Up until around the mid-19th century a quill pen made from a bird’s feather was used. In the 1850s the steel point pen was invented and could be manufactured on machines in large quantities. In the 1880s a successful portable fountain pen was designed, giving a smooth flowing ink and ease of use. Ink wells, used with steel nib dip pens, were commonly used up until the mid-20th century. The pens only held a small amount of ink so users had to frequently dip the nib of the pen into an ink well for more ink. Hand writing with pen and ink left wet writing on the paper, so blotting paper was carefully used to absorb the excess ink and prevent smudging. Ink could be purchased, ready to use, or in the powdered form, which needed to be mixed with water. After the invention of fountain pens, which had a reservoir of ink, and then ballpoint pens, which also had ink that flowed freely, the dip pen was slowly replaced. However, artisans continue to use nib pens to create beautiful calligraphy.This ink well is historically significant as it represents methods of hand written communication that were still common up until the mid-20th century, when fountain pens and ballpoint pens took over in popularity and convenience.Ink bottle or ink well, sometimes called a Penny Ink Well. Cylindrical body, salt-glazed, brown ceramic stoneware bottle, handmade. Stoneware bottle. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, writing equipment, writing accessory, office equipment, stationery, domestic, stoneware, clay, ceramic, pottery, ink well, inkwell, ink bottle, penny ink well, nib pen, dip pen, ink, hand writing, record keeping, household, business, vintage, blotting paper, dwarf bottle

Parry Collection In 2003, the Bendigo Town Hall was returned to its 19th-century splendour after an extensive restoration and renovation program including plasterworks, murals and gold leaf worked by artists and artisans. The original Bendigo Town Hall was designed in 1859 by Bendigo's town clerk, George Avery Fletcher. A council chamber was added in 1866 and a hall for the trading of grain, known as the Corn Exchange, was added in 1871-72. Although the architecture of the additional buildings adhered to that of the original building, the completed building was unpopular with both the citizens and council of the era. In a series of major works from 1878 to 1902 the Bendigo Town Hall was transformed by the architect William Vahland who was given the task of converting the hall into something worthy of Bendigo's leading position as the "City of Gold".[2] His work included extensive new offices, enlargement of the main hall and council chambers, the introduction of an interior decorative scheme, a clock tower and mansard roof. The exterior facades were also remodelled in the classical style. Vahland commissioned Otto Waschatz, who had just decorated the Royal Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark, to design the hall's interior which featured decorative plaster adorned with 22-carat gold leaf, reflecting the opulence of the "city built on gold". The end result, completed in 1885, was one of Vahland's most significant works and has been considered the finest "boom style" building of its kind in Victoria.Bendigo Town Hall Self Tour and conservation timeline brochure. 1. A yellow paper map with the history of the town hall on one side and a self guide tour and plans on the other side. 2. A glossy 4 page guide to the history of the town hall and timeline.history, bendigo, merle lummis collection, bendigo town hall