Showing 752 items
matching open fire
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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Fire screen
... This decorative fire screen is placed in front of an open... causing damage. Open fires were common in Australia in the 19th ...This decorative fire screen is placed in front of an open fireplace to prevent hot sparks and ash from causing damage. Open fires were common in Australia in the 19th and early 20th century, for both cooking and heating.Fire screen, crescent shaped, brass pressed sheet, with a ship motif within a rectangular area. Ship is a 3 masted sailing vessel, a Spanish galleon. Made in England, c. 1930.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fire screen, fire guard, domestic item, heating, cooking -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Domestic object - Hand made toasting fork, Mid 20th Century
... of Wodonga. It was used for making toast over an open fire well... of Wodonga. It was used for making toast over an open fire well ...This fork was made by a member of the Conway family of Wodonga. It was used for making toast over an open fire well before modern toasters become widely available. It demonstrates the ingenuity of early settlers and pioneers before the advent of modern appliances and services. This item demonstrates the ingenuity of earlier pioneers and settlers to adapt to their living conditions and improvise from their available resources and environment.A hand-made wire toasting fork. It has three prongs and the handle is twisted with a loop at the top for hanging. It is made from fencing wire.hand made utensils, kitchen ware, pioneer skills -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pot Boiler, circa early 1900s
... . This boiler would have been used over an open fire or placed on top... been used over an open fire or placed on top of "coals ...This cast iron "boiler" was produced by one of the largest foundries in England during the late 1700's and onwards. These products were "shipped to the far realms of the "British Empire". This source was one of the only ones available to the early settlers in Australia until the mid 1900's. The catch cry of those "early " times was "the best of British" which was ingrained into the early (Australian) settler's iron and cast iron purchasing mind set. It was not until after World War II did that mindset change, when both American and Asian based manufacturers' products were accepted by the Australian consumer. The city based consumer embraced the swing a lot earlier than the more "traditional" rural consumer. This cast iron 8 gallon "boiler" is very significant to the Kiewa Valley not only that large "boilers" were used to "boil" clothes clean, over an open flame source, but also because it demonstrates one of the most important "rural" mores founded by the "early" settlers in this region. That more was the very "close" tie to "Mother England" and the "establishment". The social and "family" values from the "English" way of life was ingrained until well past the day of the "Australian Federation". It was not until the friendly "American soldier" invasion during World War II that the "Empire" bondage was being eroded away. The transition from the good "rural war cry" of "Australia prospers off the sheep's back" was slipping away and the industrial monolith started its challenge. This change was the slowest in semi remote rural centres such as the Kiewa Valley. The "old English" values lingered on until the mid 1900's.This large (8 gallons) cast iron boiler is oval in shape and has a cast iron (swivel) carrying handle. The handle has a "bend" in the centre position to allow hook and straight type rods to facilitate the positioning of a "hot" boiler. This boiler would have been used over an open fire or placed on top of "coals". On the top rim and evenly spaced between the fixed handle joins is a slightly semi curved balancing/control lip.At the bottom (underneath) "CLARK & Co. PATENT", Below this a six star triangle with the letter "C" in the middle.. On the opposite end "BEST QUALITY" and underneath "8 Gall s"camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking and boiling appliance, drovers kitchen -
Orbost & District Historical Society
flat irons, C 1890's - 1910
... ) were heated on trivets in front of open fires, or on the tops... referred to as sad irons) were heated on trivets in front of open ...Sad irons, also called flat irons or smoothing irons, are shaped pieces of metal that are flat and polished on one side and have a handle attached to the other, created for the purpose of de-wrinkling fabric. “Sad” is an Old English word for “solid,” and the term “sad iron” is often used to distinguish the largest and heaviest of flat irons. They often had a trivet on which to rest the hot iron.Two triangular flat irons. They are made of solid cast iron with hollow iron handles. Flat irons (often referred to as sad irons) were heated on trivets in front of open fires, or on the tops of closed ranges, or on specially-designed iron stoves in larger laundries. They were made in numbered series which related to their size, although there was no standardisation in the series between manufacturers. these two are Salter brands. 1872.1 is a No 7 and 1872.2 is a No 8 and slightly heavier.Salter 7 Salter 6flat-iron sad-iron domestic-appliance laundry -
Greensborough Historical Society
Brick, Wooden road block, 1880s
... wood yards to be sold as fuel for open fires and combustion... to be sold as fuel for open fires and combustion heaters. As most ...Accompanied by article by Kevin Patterson (Nillumbik Historical Society) which explains the use of these blocks as a road surface in the City of Melbourne from the 1880s. The final wood blocks were dismantled in the 1950s and blocks sent to suburban wood yards to be sold as fuel for open fires and combustion heaters.As most of these blocks were sold for fuel, it is unusual to find one surviving. Block of timber cut to size and dipped in tar for use a a road block. wood blocks, paving, melbourne, road surfaces, tar -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Domestic object - Colonial Oven, c. 19th century
... used open fire cooking. In this example the oven has been... The colonial oven was an advancement from the previously used open fire ...The colonial oven was an advancement from the previously used open fire cooking. In this example the oven has been inserted into a fireplace and a wood fire would be built underneath the oven to enable the oven to heat up enough to bake items. Large pots could be placed on top of the oven to enable cooking or to heat water.Sheet steel colonial oven in kitchen of Amess House churchill island, oven, kitchen -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Painting - Print - Framed
... around open fire. Print is set in brown wooden frame. Copy... print of children and pixies playing around open fire. Print ...Displayed in original toy cabinet of museum for unknown length of time. Copy of an original lithographBiography of Outhwaite, Ida Sherbourne 188 - 1960 in Supplementary FileBlack and white etched print of children and pixies playing around open fire. Print is set in brown wooden frame. Copy of an original lithograph. The etching is by Ida Rentoul Outhwaite identified by her signature in the top right hand corner covered by the mounting.|On the back of this copy of the etching (the page appears to be cut from a book) is an etching of a koala and a camp fire on which he has brewed billy tea. A sweet four verse poem describing the picture accompanies the etching.|The initials I.S.R.O. are at base of the etchingillustrations, reproductions -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - camp oven
... to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire or placed... affixed to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire ...Also known as Dutch Oven, a camp oven is traditionally made from cured cast iron. Hung by a length of wire affixed to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire or placed directly into the coals. The latter was more popular in Australia, and camp ovens were extensively used due to its versatility and ability to easily cook most types of food.3 legged round camp oven with lid and 2 side handles. Pitted with rust.camp oven, churchill island heritage farm, bush cooking -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - camp oven, c1900
... to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire or placed..., they are suspended over an open fire or placed directly into the coals ...Also known as Dutch Oven, a camp oven is traditionally made from cured cast iron. Hung by a length of wire affixed to the side handles, they are suspended over an open fire or placed directly into the coals. The latter was more popular in Australia, and camp ovens were extensively used due to its versatility and ability to easily cook most types of food.oval shaped camp oven with swinging handle on body. Lid with D handle on top. Lip handle on one side of rim. Surface rust. Corrosion on edge of lid.CLARKE AND CO. With name there is a diamond cartouche with a tower and drawbridge and flag on top, "I" and "J" either side of tower. 4G under (four gallons) -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Photograph: Opening of the new fire station, Tarnagulla, 1987
... open the new fire station corner Gladstone and Wood Streets... the event to officially open the new fire station corner Gladstone ...A small colour photograph depicting the event to officially open the new fire station corner Gladstone and Wood Streets, Tarnagulla in December 1987. -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Photograph - Ted Jenkins on tractor
... dumped in big dam. - Collecting wood for stove and open fires... dam. - Collecting wood for stove and open fires - Piles ...Churchill Island Heritage Farm has a large photograph collection dating from the nineteenth century to the present.Black and white photograph of Ted Jenkins on a tractor pulling a cart with timber. Printed on card with a white border.Catalogue number written in pencil on the reverse. Handwritten on reverse in pencil 'c.1942 - 1943 Ted driving tactor. Two cars bought - one used parts (chassey) for trailer - one dumped in big dam. - Collecting wood for stove and open fires - Piles of 'Mountain Tea Trees' (now called Moonah) - Used fallen wood only 'Fire and stove used to 'go all day' and 'eat wood' (A. Evans)churchill island, ted jenkins -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pot Large with Tap, Circa 1950
... , mainly rural in the early 1900's upon open fires (log... by pioneer families, mainly rural in the early 1900's upon open fires ...This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families, mainly rural in the early 1900's upon open fires (log). It covered rural activities that needed a constant readily available source of boiling water, in or mainly outside the kitchen of homesteads. This kettle was used in the early to late 1900's for the refreshment of stock men and farmers that had irregular "tea" breaks under sometimes hard and gruelling conditions.This kettle belonged to and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This kettle was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. The Bogong High Plains area provided Kiewa Valley cattlemen a good supply of fodder to supplement their Kiewa Valley grazing areas. This "camp draft" activity , in the high plains, could take up to six weeks.This large cast iron modified camp pot (cauldron) has a long tap connection located at the bottom end. The "tap" is made from brass and has a simple elongated "bar" control swivel at the end to control the water flow. The tap suggests that only water was heated (to a constant boil) for the replenishment of cattlemen's, or other horse rider's, tea or coffee mugs. Refreshments at a "temporary" location on the Bogong High Plains. There was a "log" hut built by the Roper family as temporary accommodation for cattlemen and other family members.Ot the flat bottom "FIRST QUALITY 2 GALLONS"camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliance, drovers kitchen -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Electrical, fittings 3 bakelite 1 brass c1930, c1931
... ironed clothes with flat irons heated on the hearth of open fires... ironed clothes with flat irons heated on the hearth of open fires ...As supply of electricity became available in the Moorabbin Shire c 1920 homes gradually changed from Gas lighting to Electrical lighting and bakelite was used for fittings. Bakelite was a safe non-conductor of the electric current. Housewives, who had ironed clothes with flat irons heated on the hearth of open fires, were delighted to be able to stand on a chair and remove the light globe and plug in their new clean and efficient electric iron. The supply of electricity to homes in the City of Moorabbin in the early 20th Century brought many welcome changes to domestic and commercial life 3 Electrical, fittings c 1931 a) a bakelite plug and socket Made in Australia b) a bakelite bayonet fitting Made in England ;c) Bakelite screw type with no markings d) A large brass and porcelain screw type with no markings L8 a) Australian Made / PIMI b) British Made in England c) No marks d) no marks electricity, electric lights, electric irons, bakelite, market gardeners, early settlers, moorabbin shire, mechanics institute cheltenham, postworld war 11 settlers, housing estates moorabbin 1950, bentleigh, ormond, moorabbin, cheltenham, clark judy, reed gladys, reed george -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Plate Hot - Camp Fire, circa early 1900s
... This open fire hot plate is made from caste iron. It has... - Camp Fire This open fire hot plate is made from caste iron ...This "camp fire" hot plate has been used from the early 1900's on camp drafts /droving cattle onto and from the Victorian high plains. The size of "camp" kitchens would depend on the amount of "cattle" men required to collect and move the "herd" to and from the "lush" high plains.This "camp fire" hot plate is significant because it was donated by a member of the Roper family (the Roper's of the Kiewa Valley) a "pioneer" family. This particular camp fire hot plate originated in Tasmania however the Victorian Alps are very similar to the Tasmanian mountain regions and this type of cooking utensil was, and still is, used in isolated regions e.g. large cattle properties in the Northern Territory. This Camp Fire hot plate was used on the High Plains at the Roper Hut for approximately 35 years.This open fire hot plate is made from caste iron. It has a circular flat (cooking) base, ideal for a few thick pieces of prime steak, a high semi circular handle with a large circular carry ring, to apply a thick stick or rod through it as an insulated handle (to position the hot plate where required over a fire). The "handle" can be folded down to save space when packing it in the saddle bags. The handle has a strong metal rivet on each end (is loose enough to allow it to be moved to either side e.g. flattened). One end, of the handle, has a movable sleeve to fasten the the handle in an upright positioncamp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliance, drovers kitchen, cattlemen -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Fork
... relied on heavy duty wood and coal fired cookers, or simply open... fired cookers, or simply open fireplaces. Such stoves required ...A toasting fork is a three pronged fork designed to be used to toast things over an open fireplace. Classically, a toasting fork could be stuck into a piece of bread and used to hold the bread in the fire, with a periodic rotation for even browning. For advanced players, it's possible to use a toasting fork to make toasted cheese sandwiches and other hot sandwiches. A typical toasting fork is made of wire, and many modern ones are telescopic, allowing people to fold the fork up or slide the handle in when not in use. This makes toasting forks easier to store and transport, while allowing people to keep their hands well clear of the fire when the fork is in use. The three slender prongs can be of varying length, depending on the design; prongs which are too long will mangle the bread, while short prongs will allow the bread to slide off, so most designers try to strike a happy medium. Before the arrival of gas and electric cook stoves, households relied on heavy duty wood and coal fired cookers, or simply open fireplaces. Such stoves required a great deal of energy and maintenance to run, so when someone wanted a quick snack, toasting something over an open fire could be much more appealing than wrestling with the cooker. Some people also undoubtedly found the experience of toasting something over an open fire to be enjoyable. https://www.delightedcooking.com/what-is-a-toasting-fork.htmIn the old days, there were no electric toasters, so the toasting fork used near an open flame proved extremely effective.Fork with three prongs with hook design on the two outside prongs. Neck features decorative twisted design and there is more decorative work in the metal near the bone handle.None. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pot Coffee, Circa 1950
... and not the open fire. The enamel coating was used as a thermal barrier... and not the open fire. The enamel coating was used as a thermal barrier ...This coffee pot was made for flat heating surfaces and not the open fire. The enamel coating was used as a thermal barrier to keep the contents hot. This could have been used as an all day coffee source for busy farm workers or breakfast and lunch times. When this pot was used at dinner time, it was a time period when dinner was more formal, with the whole family sitting at the dinner table. The white enamel would have been sufficient for the majority of households. When this pot was in use the dinner period was when the whole family was together and communication within the family was considered very important as a cohesive force. This was a time before television intruded into the atmosphere of relaying the day's activities to the whole family.In small rural communities within the Kiewa Valley a good cup of tea or coffee was a time for relaxation from the hard work of the day. This relaxation period was beneficial for not only the mind but also the body. This was particularly for the house bound mother with domestic chores that had, at this time in history not many "time saving" pieces of domestic equipment. A good pot of tea or coffee at "smoko" was a god sent. Although regarded by well groomed city folk that a coffee pot was for coffee only the less social etiquette standards of country folk permitted its use for tea. Versatility even within the household was of great benefit to the folk in the Kiewa Valley. This was even so for the immigrants that joined in and were warmly welcomed within this rural sector of Australia.This coffee pot is in the French style with a goose neck. It is fully coated in white enamel and has a concave bottom. It has a hinged lid and the main body has been rolled fastened to the bottom plate. The sandwiched steel body is approximately 1mm thick. The two piece neck has been welded together similarly the hinged lid and handle. Rivets are installed to the both bases of the handle. country kitchens, well heated coffee, coffee break in rural regions -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Kitchen Equipment, 'the edmay' Pot mender, c1930
... , pans and kettles, that were suspended over the open fire... and kettles, that were suspended over the open fire in the kitchen ...Early settlers in Moorabbin Shire used large cast iron pots, pans and kettles, that were suspended over the open fire in the kitchen, for cooking meals. They had to be frugal and self-sufficient and so repaired the equipment to prolong its useful lifetime. Blacksmiths also made and repaired household equipment. James McEwan & Co 1852 - 1993 once dominated the the hardware retailing scene in Victoria. Established in 1852 to service the booming gold rush in Victoria the company went on to become one of the longest established retailers in Australia. Over it’s 140 year history the company went through many booms and busts. The McEwans name finally left the Australian retail scene with little fanfare when the last store was re-badged Bunnings in 1993Early settlers were frugal and self sufficient so they repaired their kitchen equipment when possible . McEwans Pty Ltd. was an established hardware company in Melbourne 1852-1993. Bunnings Pty Ltd is currently a successful hardware retailer for trade and public customers.Two metal discs with screw and nut for mending holes in cast iron pots, pans and kettles c1930 packing strip; THE edmay POTMENDER / Price tag ; McEWANS 77 - 11early settlers, market gardeners, cooking utensils, kitchenware, castiron cooking pots, blacksmiths, slow cooking, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,mcewan james pty ltd, melbourne, bunnings pty ltd, -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pie Iron Camping, circa mid to late 1900s
... . Providing meals for stockmen over open fires, even in log cabins.... Providing meals for stockmen over open fires, even in log cabins ...This Pie Iron was used in the mid to late 1900's when stock, both cattle and sheep, were grazed on the Bogong High Plains. Providing meals for stockmen over open fires, even in log cabins in the Victorian Alpine region, was usually by a "camp cook" or a stockman designated "cook" from the Valley station/property. The use of "camping cooking utensils were a necessity and not a "weekend" affair. Stockmen could spend up to six weeks on the plains and all their cooking needs required had to "pack horsed" from the valley below. A scientific study started in 1947, to study the impact of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This item is highly significant to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates the kind of cooking utensils that were required for camp drafts in the Bogong High Plains environment. As the control of cattle and sheep in the High Plains was very demanding upon horse and rider, good "tucker" was a pre- requisite for a successful operation. As the time spent in this remote location was governed by the climatic condition maximum utilisation of the very good pastures in the High Plains was crucial to a successful and profitable season.This pie iron has two pie forms in horizontal configuration and both top and base rounded forms are connected at one end (Top) with pop rivet application. This application allows for the "opening" up of the two halves. The bodies are made from cast iron in a "cup" form and a metal rod and wooden handle extend to permit the opening of the two sides. The inner side of the "cups" are smooth which relates to pie requirements and not the jaffle/sandwich irons. A clasp metal "D" ring is installed at the end of one wooden handle (to keep the iron in the close/cooking position).camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliances, pie irons, jaffle irons, drovers kitchen -
Otway Districts Historical Society
Photograph, Narrow gauge construction camp near Colac, c.1900
... , and all cooking was done in camp ovens or at open fires.... was done in camp ovens or at open fires. construction camp ...Construction of the Colac-Beech Forest railway line commenced in 1900 and the first activities were the work gangs and their camps. About 100 men were engaged in laying and ballasting the track while others formed the earthworks and the building of culverts and bridges. The first camp was established eight kilometres from Colac, the second 12 km south, and the remainder spaced at similar distances as the work progressed. The camps were served by butchers and bakers from Colac that visited them as many times each week to satisfy the mens' requirements. Many of the men had their families with them. They all lived in tents that consisted of a wooden floor around which the canvas cover was built. A calico partition divided the eating and sleeping quarters, and all cooking was done in camp ovens or at open fires.B/W. 158mm x 203mm. Near Colac, a narrow gauge construction camp comprising 21 workmen, a horse, and two tipping trays.construction camp; railways; colac; -
Ballarat Heritage Services
Photograph - Image, General Birdwood's Headquarters, ANZAC Gully, Gallipoli, Turkey, 1915
... was completely open to the fire of the Turkish batteries at Olive Grove..., Gallipoli, Turkey. ANZAC Gully was completely open to the fire ...Black and white photographic image of General Birdwood's Headquarters, ANZAC Gully, Gallipoli, Turkey. ANZAC Gully was completely open to the fire of the Turkish batteries at Olive Grove. he "dugout" was afterwards given some slight comouflage by hay trusses. world war one, gallipoli, landing, beachhead, colonel maclaurin, 4th battalion aif, 1st infantry brigade aif -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Functional object - Old Kerosene and Methylated spirits Bottles
... / OPEN FIRE/ Net Contents 20 Fl. Ozs./ Bottle by J. B. & R... AWAY FROM/ OPEN FIRE/ Net Contents 20 Fl. Ozs./ Bottle by J. B ...These products were delivered in bulk to Wodonga and then re-bottled by the local distributors. J. Mann and Sons was first established as a farm produce store in 1921. The range of products was extended in the 1930s and included groceries and hardware, as well as the first petrol bowser in Wodonga outside the store. After WWII, the premises were extended and the range of products continued to increase. In the 1960s the Mann Family opened a new supermarket in Wodonga, in addition to the hardware business, providing steel, plumbing and industrial supplies, and they employed over 100 people at one stage. With changes in the retail industry, the Mann Family sold the main hardware business to Bunnings and the produce business to the Kelly brothers in 2006.These items have local significance as they were supplied by prominent businesses in Wodonga.2 brown glass bottles with triangular base. They were used to sell kerosene and methylated spirits in the middle of the 20th centuries. They were generally bottled by the local distributor from a bulk container. Bottle 1 contained Mobil Kerosene although Petrol has been written on the label and underlined. It was sold by J. Mann & Son in Wodonga. Bottle 2 contained Methylated spirits and was bottled by J.B. and R Harvey of WodongaLABEL 1: " MOBIL/Home Kerosene/ for/ HEATING , LIGHTING, CLEANING/ INCUBATORS, REFRIGERATORS/ Coloured BLUE for safety/ PACKED NET FL. OZS / J. MANN & SON / HIgh Street, Wodonga/ Phone 19 or 61 LABEL 2: "CAUTION/Dangerous if Swallowed/Keep out of Reach of Children/if Swallowed Seek Medical Advice/ HIghly Inflammable/ REFINED/ METHYLATED SPIRITS / KEEP AWAY FROM/ OPEN FIRE/ Net Contents 20 Fl. Ozs./ Bottle by J. B. & R. HARVEY / GROCER/ WODONGA Embossed in Bottle 2: THIS BOTTLE REMAINS THE PROPERTY/ OF HUNTER PRODUCTS PTY. LTD./ FOOTSCRAY/ THIS BOTTLE/ MUST NOT BE / USED AS A/ FOOD CONTAINER.mann wodonga, fuel for domestic use, household fuel -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Pot Set, mid-to-late-20th century
... used on an open range wood fired stove. The pots are heavy... or saucepan used on an open range wood fired stove. The pots are heavy ...This set of pots represents the type of pot or saucepan used on an open range wood fired stove. The pots are heavy and thick, and have a solid lid suitable for slow cooking.This pot set is currently not associated with a historical event, person or place at this time and is being used to augment Flagstaff's village display.Pots; two cast iron pots with lids. Wooden handles on pots have ring on end for hanging. Pots have inscriptions. The large post has the capacity of 3 quart (3 quarts or 2.84 litres) and the small pot holds a capacity of 2qt (2 quart or 1.89 litres). Stamped on large pot "Made in Taiwan" "3qt" Stamped on small pot "Taiwan" and "Sauce Pan 2qt"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, pot, saucepan, sauce pan, cooking pots, cook ware, food, slow cooking -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Painting, Betty Kingston, Painting by Betty Kingston of Stawell Fire Station 1990, 1990
... 1883 Sept. Fire Station opened Byrne Street. Tower built...1883 Sept. Fire Station opened Byrne Street. Tower built ...1883 Sept. Fire Station opened Byrne Street. Tower built previously. Bell cast in England early 1880.Framed oil painting of Stawell Fire Station buildingStawell Fire Station Oil Betty Kingston 1990 -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Equipment - Bush Kettle
... Made of soldered tin plate. It has a central open column... a central open column for fire of twigs and leaves, surrounded ...Such items used by troops in field exercises. Known as "Choofers"Made of soldered tin plate. It has a central open column for fire of twigs and leaves, surrounded by a water jacket. Fitted with folding double wire handle. On top is a small fitted funnel to facilitate filling and a small vent hole. Traces of label adhesive on body suggest that it was made from a food can.Nilfield equipment, cooking -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Stove, 1850-1890
... In the industrialized world, as stoves replaced open fires... replaced open fires and braziers as a source of more efficient ...In the industrialized world, as stoves replaced open fires and braziers as a source of more efficient and reliable heating, models were developed that could also be used for cooking, and these came to be known as kitchen stoves. The first manufactured cast-iron stove was produced at Lynn, Mass., in 1642. This stove had no grates and was little more than a cast-iron box. About 1740 Benjamin Franklin invented the “Pennsylvania fireplace,” which incorporated the basic principles of the heating stove. The Franklin stove burned wood on a grate and had sliding doors that could be used to control the draft (flow of air) through it. Because the stove was relatively small, it could be installed in a large fireplace or used free-standing in the middle of a room by connecting it to a flue. The Franklin stove warmed farmhouses, city dwellings, and frontier cabins throughout North America. Its design influenced the development of the pot-bellied stove, which was a familiar feature in some homes well into the 20th century. The first round cast-iron stoves with grates for cooking food on them were manufactured by Isaac Orr at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1800. The base-burning stove for burning anthracite coal was invented in 1833 by Jordan A. Mott. The subject item is a mid to late 19th century settlers stove probably of Canadian manufacture imported into Australia around this time. The stove gives us a social snapshot into what life must have been like for our early colonialists using this device for heating and cooking in their meagre homes. Cast iron stove with four-legs, 2 plates on top and a hinged front door. The door has been cast with a maple leaf design and the sides have a pattern cast into them.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, stove, domestic heating, domestic cooking, heater, cooking unit, pot belly stove, wood fired stove, wood stove -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Stove, Cox and Rizzetti Stove Works, ca. 1918-1930s
... in outdoor open fires, and later, in fireplaces inside the home... in outdoor open fires, and later, in fireplaces inside the home ...Cast iron stoves burn solid fuel such as wood or coal, and are used for cooking and warmth. The stoves have a firebox with a grate where the fuel is burned. The hot air flows through flues and baffles that heat the stove top and the oven. Before cast iron stoves were invented, cooking and heating were carried out in outdoor open fires, and later, in fireplaces inside the home. In 1642 the first cast iron stove was manufactured in Lynn, Massachusetts, where molten cast iron was poured into a sand mould to make rectangular plates that were then joined together to make a box. Benjamin Franklin invented the more efficient Pennsylvania stove in 1744, and this efficient design is still used today. After the mid-19th century cast iron stoves were produced with burners in different positions, giving varied temperatures, so a wide variety of foods could be cooked at the same time at the most suitable heat, from slow cooking to baking scones. In contemporary times people the new wood-burning stoves had to meet the anti-pollution standards now in place to protect our environment. By the 1920s gas cookers were being introduced for domestic use, and by the 1930s electric home cookers were being offered to householders. PLANET STOVES In August 1925 the firm Cox and Rizzetti, Stove Works, and also Sydney Road, South Melbourne, advertised in the Brunswick and Coburg Leader of November 11, 1925 as "formerly with Harnwell and Sons" and as "specialists in solid cast iron Planet stoves ... which merit an inspection from builders and householders". The firm continued in business and was mentioned as sponsors in the King Island News in 1971. Harnwell and Sons was listed in the Victorian Government Gazette of 1894. It is curious that the firm was mentioned in an article in the Sunrasia Daily of June 14, 1934 titled 'Planet Stoves' as a manufacturer of Planet Stoves. This Planet No 3 stove is an uncommon example of cooking equipment used in kitchens in the early 20th century, as the firebox is above the oven rather than beside it. The cast iron combustion stove is significant as part of the evolution of domestic cooking. Previously cooking was mostly carried out in outdoors in open fires, and later in fireplaces indoors. Cast iron stoves are still used today and have additional features such as thermostats to monitor and maintain temperature, water heating pipes connected, and environmentally approved anti-pollution fittings. Stove; a compact, blackened cast iron combustion cooker, installed within a fireplace and enclosed by bricks on both sides. The upright rectangular stove has a flat top with three round, removable cook plates and a flue connected at the back. The front has three doors with round knob handles; a swing-down firebox door above a sliding ashtray, and two side-hinged oven doors above a sliding opening. Inside on the side walls are two pairs of runners. Behind the pair of doors is an oven with two pairs of rails and two removable metal shelves. The stove has cast inscriptions on the chimney flue and on the front of the right hand side stove door. The model of the stove is The Planet No 3, made in Melbourne.Chimney flue, "[within rectangle] THE / PLANET" Stove door, "(within oval) PLANET / No 3"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, stove, cast iron stove, combustion stove, wood-burning stove, wood stove, wood oven, solid fuel stove, cooker, the planet, planet, planet no. 3, kitchen equipment, baking, domestic cooking, cooking equipment, food preparation, planet stove, planet cooker, cooking range, slow combustion stove, antique, range cooker, cox and rizzetti, harnwell and sons, melbourne manufacturer -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Domestic object - Kitchen Equipment, household soap, c1900
... over the open fire outdoors, because the smell from rendering... over the open fire outdoors, because the smell from rendering ...Common soap was made from mixing animal fat with potash a form of the potassium based alkali present in plant and wood material. Early settlers, made their own soap from the waste fats and ashes they saved from their daily work. They did not then have to rely on waiting for soap to be shipped from England and waste their goods or money in trade for soap. In making soap the first ingredient required was a liquid solution of potash commonly called lye. Animal fat, when removed from the animals during butchering, must be rendered to remove all meat tissues and cooking residue before soap of any satisfactory quality can be made from it. To render, fats and waste cooking grease were placed in a large kettle with an equal amount of water. Then the kettle was placed over the open fire outdoors, because the smell from rendering the fats was too strong to wish in anyone's house. The mixture of fats and water were boiled until all the fats had melted. After a longer period of boiling to insure completion of melting the fats, the fire was stopped and into the kettle was placed another amount of water about equal to the first amount of water. The solution was allowed to cool down and left over night. By the next day the fats had solidified and floated to the top forming a layer of clean fat. All the impurities being not as light as the fat remained in water underneath the fat. In another large kettle or pot the fat was placed with an amount of lye solution ( known by experience ). This mixture was boiled until the soap was formed - 6-8 hours - a thick frothy mass, and a small amount placed on the tongue caused no noticeable "bite". The next day a brown jelly like slippery substance was in the kettle and this was 'soft soap' . To make hard soap, common salt was thrown in at the end of the boiling and a hard cake of soap formed in a layer at the top of the pot. But as salt was expensive most settlers used 'soft soap',. The soap could be scented with oils such as lavender for personal use. These 3 cakes of home-made soap are examples of the self sufficiency of the early settlers as they had to be self reliant ,growing food and making and mending their own farm equipment, tools and clothes while establishing their market gardens in Moorabbin Shire3 cakes of home-made, white hard household soap. 1 cake of soap eaten by a brush tailed possum when he entered the Cottage via the chimney 27/4/2014soap making, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, brighton, dendy's special survey 1841. kitchen equipment, laundry equipment, bentleigh -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph (black & White), Modder River - South Africa
... . The Boers opened fire and the British troops were unable to find.... The Boers opened fire and the British troops were unable to find ...When war broke out in 1899, and early target for the Boers was the diamond-mining centre of Kimberley. This was located near the point where the Transvaal, Orange Free State and Cape Colony met. General Sir Redvers Buller detached the 1st Division under Lieutenant General Lord Methuen to relieve the Siege of Kimberley. This decision was made partly for reasons of prestige. To capture Kimberley (which contained the famous imperialist and former Prime Minister of Cape Colony, Cecil Rhodes) would be a major propaganda victory for the British. Methuen's force advanced north and won two engagements against the Boers of the Orange Free State. Reinforcements from Transvaal under General Koos de la Rey arrived and he convinced the Boers to follow his plans for attacking the British. Instead of relying on the hills for protection and missing their targets, de la Rey proposed they make use of the flat veld and introduced them to the Mauser rifle with its flat trajectory. Trenches were built in the banks of the Modder River from which they could sweep the veld for a great distance. The trenches were built on the south side of the river and on the smaller Riet River where they meet at Modder River Station. Methuen's force began advancing towards the Modder planning to cross the river. The Boers opened fire and the British troops were unable to find cover on the veld. They had to lay flat so as not to be seen or hit. The British guns pounded the buildings near Modder River Station and the north bank of the river, missing the trenches on the south bank. The battle became a stalemate. The British found an opening on the Boer's right flank at Rosmead ford downstream and drove the Boers out of Rosmead. De la Rey drove them back into a small insecure bridgehead. The Boers feared they were vulnerable and withdrew during the night. Methuen reported that the battle had been "one of the hardest and most trying fights in the annals of the British army". Individual image from photographed poster of tobacco and cigarette cards.boers, diamind-mining, kimberley, transvaal, orange free state, cape colony, sir rdvers buller, lieutenant general lord methuen, siege of kimberley, cecil rhodes, general koos dde la rey, mauser rifle, veld, modder river, modder river station, trenches, riet river, rosmead -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - Royal Australian Survey Corps Surveyors in the Field – Northern Territory and Queensland, 1959 – 1960
... their meal on an open fire. .7) - Photo, colour, 1960. Surveyor... their meal on an open fire. .7) - Photo, colour, 1960. Surveyor ...This is a set of 10 photographs of surveyors and support staff in the field undertaking duties in the Northern Territory and North Queensland in 1959 – 1960. The surveyors were employed in the establishment of mapping and geodetic control. In this era surveyors used theodolites to observe horizontal and vertical angles and tellurometers to measure base line distances between survey stations. Laplace survey observations seen in Photo .1P was a series of precise observations carried out at geodetic survey stations to determine astronomic latitudes, longitudes and azimuths to achieve maximum precision in the survey network. Laplace observations were necessary in a geodetic network at every 6th survey station, however the National Mapping Council specified at this time the spacing would be ideally between 4-6 survey stations. The cairn shown in photo .4P was built by RASvy as a landmark over a trigonometric survey station. It was dismantled in 1960 to enable re-occupation and survey observations. It was not restored to the condition shown in the photo.This is a set of 10 photographs of surveyors and support staff in the field undertaking duties in the Northern Territory (NT) and Queensland (QLD) in 1959 – 1960. The photographs were printed on photographic paper and are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. The photographs were scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, colour, 1959. Tony Slattery occupying a Laplace survey station on a hill in the Mount Young area of the NT. .2) - Photo, colour, 1959. Surveyors’ camp in the Mount Young area of the NT, L to R: Spencer Snow and Tony Slattery. .3) - Photo, colour, 1959. Surveyors’ camp in the Peckman Hill area, near Katherine in the NT. .4) - Photo, colour, 1959. Cairn on Trig Hill, Borroloola, NT. Built by Spencer Snow, Tom Royle and Jack McCabe. .5) - Photo, colour, 1959. Survey party taking a break next to their Austin Champ vehicle, in transit between Katherine, NT and Wyndam WA. L to R: Tony Slattery, Dave Owens, John Van De Graff. .6) - Photo, colour, 1960. Surveyors’ camp between Mount Isa, QLD and Borroloola, NT. L to R: Pat Cox and John Van De Graff prepare their meal on an open fire. .7) - Photo, colour, 1960. Surveyor - Dennis Woods undertaking survey observations, using MRA1 tellurometer to measure base-line distances NW of Mount Isa, QLD. .8) - Photo, colour, 1960. Unidentified surveyors assessing recovery of their stalled Studebaker truck vehicle after attempting a water crossing in the NT. .9) - Photo, colour, 1960. Unidentified surveyor making batches of bread at a camp in the NT. Seen in the photo placing a lid with hot coals onto the camp oven. .10) - Photo, colour, 1960. Unidentified survey party occupying a survey station on a hill in the Mount near the Lawn Hill area, NW of Mount Isa, QLD. A MRA1 tellurometer to measure base-line distances appear on the right side of the photo. .9) - Photo, colour, 1960. Unidentified surveyors assessing recovery of their stalled Studebaker truck vehicle after attempting a water crossing in the NT. .10) - Photo, colour, 1960. Unidentified surveyor making batches of bread at a camp in the NT. Seen in the photo placing a lid with hot coals onto the camp oven. .1P to .10P annotated on back – personnel names, the year and the location. royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, asr, army svy regt, fortuna, surveying -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph (black & White), Major General, Sir William Penn Symons - South Africa
... Boer troops on the nearby Talana Hill proceeded to open fire... to open fire on the town. The British guns moved to return fire ...William Penn Symons' first combat experience was in South Africa during the Ninth Xhosa War, 1877-78. In 1879 he took part in the Zulu war. He then served during the Burma Expedition (1885-89). In 1889 he received the Companion of the Order of the Bath. In 1898, following other campaigns, he was awarded the Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. In 1899, Symons was given the staff rank of brigadier general and was to be General Officer Commanding of Natal. He was asked by the War Office to advise on the number of troops required to safely garrison the Natal from the threat of invasion from the Boer Republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free states. Cabinet decided to send ten thousand extra troop abut they also appointed Lieutenant General Sir George White to supersede Symons as Generat Officer Commanding in Natal. Penn Symons, on his own authority deployed one of his brigades to Dundee, a town north of Ladysmith. The position of Ladysmith anad Dundee was precarious as they stand in a triangle of Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal. White wanted to recall the Dundee garrison to Ladysmith but because of political pressure from Sit Walter Hely-Harrison, the Governor of Natal, he agreed to leave them there. The Boers declared war on 11 October and began crossing the Natal borders the following day. On 20 October 1899 Boer troops on the nearby Talana Hill proceeded to open fire on the town. The British guns moved to return fire as the general surveyed the Boer positions and gave orders to his commanding officers. Symons believed in old fashioned military tactics of close order but these formations were not designed to be used against lonf range bolt action rifles and Symons' brigades would be the first of manyin this war to pay the heavy cost ofthe mistake, as many generals would repeat it. The infantry battalions set off from the east of the town. The first part of the advance went well and they reached a small wood at the foot of the hill where they found shelter. Beyond the wood was a wall and then open ground. Symons rode up to the wood to find out why the attack had halted. He ordered the men to proceed, rode through the wood then walked through the gap in the wall. After a few moments he returned and was helped to remount his horse. He rode back from the front lines until he was out of sight of his troops before he asked for assistance from the Indian stretcher bearers. He had been shot in the stomach. Symons was taken to the field hospital at Dundee. After a few wasted days Symons' replacement, Brigadier General Yule, decided to abandon the town and the worst-wounded to the Boers and steal away at night to Ladysmith. Symons became a prisoner of war along with many others. He felt betrayed by Yule and just before he died he implored the medical officer, Major Donegal, to "tell everyone I died facing the enemy". Individual image from photographed poster of tobacco and cigarette cards.william penn symons, south africa, ninth xhosa war, companion of the order of the bath, knigt commander of the order of the bath, general officer commanding in natal, dundee, ladysmith, orange free state, transvaal, sir walter hely-harrison, governor of natal, boers, brigadier general yule