Sydney Sunday Herald article titled "Two old trams can make a home" features of 25/6/1950, page 2 of 16 has article on re-using Sydney tram cars as the basis for houses, includes 3 photos, mentions housing shortage, page 8 has feature on start of NSW Rail construction (1850) and photo of NSW steam locos includes many as and articles of the time. Record updated and image added 21/9/2013.p2 - "No 'O' class have been taken out of service / N,K or L/P have been sold or burnt so far" notes on photos - interior/exterior - "Steam Trail Cars". p8 "Saw 5802 go through Blacktown Sunday 28-6-1950".trams, tramways, sydney trams, houses, tramcar disposals, nswgr

Langwill Bros & Davies of Melbourne were agents for imported farm pump engines, windmills and other farm implements.. Because of war shortages, they started building the engines themselves under the Challenge brand in 1916. "..with the exception of the magneto, every part of the engine is manufactured in Australia from Australian raw material." They also sold imported Challenge windmills.This item is associated with the history of agriculture in early Orbost and is a useful research tool.A small light brown covered catalogue which has "Langwill Bros. & Davies Pty Ltd" diagonally across front in black print, items on offer and details of the company. There is a white stamp on the front with red print - "If you're not interested in this; PASS IT ON; Please; It will be doing us a good turn".catalogue farm-machinery langwill-davies

Work started on the Lauriston Reservoir in 1939 as part of the Coliban water system and was officially opened by Victorian Premier, Albert Dunstan in 1941. Capacity was increased in 1946 when steel spillway gates were added. Although these had been part of the original design they could not be added at the time of the building because of post-war steel shortages.Bendigo Advertiser ''The way we were'' from 2003. on tour: school of mines civil engineering students visit the construction site of the Lauriston Reservoir in 1940. Left to right: Les Nankervis, Ron Watts, instructor Syd Power, an unknown student and Cliff Binks. The clip is in a folder.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were

Eight page booklet, off white paper, saddle stapled, with additional yellow Rexene light weight cover titled "The Australian Tramway and Motor Omnibus Employees' Association / Agreement / Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong". Details basic wages, adjustments with CPI, minimum rates to employees, time off between shifts, extra duties, meal breaks, cash shortages, holidays, Sundays, leave, free travel, uniforms. Dated 23/3/1937. Two copies held See also 8078.2 for another copy."Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 217" in ink on top of first page on both copies. Copy 1 - has name "P.H. Thomas" (?) on front cover and inside title sheet and numerous notes and some changes in ink and pencil throughout. Copy 2 - has numerous notes etc throughout with dates up to 16/11/1939. Full pdf scan added 28/5/2019. Copy 3 has "L. Denmead" in pencil in top left hand corner. Added 6/8/2019.trams, tramways, ballarat, geelong, bendigo, atmoea, unions, agreements, uniforms

Newspaper clipping from The Courier, Thursday 12 June 2014, titled "Grant to fix No. 18" and "Grant keeps restoration project on track", about the funding received from the Federal Government to restore tram No. 18. Quotes Paul Mong about the project. .1 - front page with a small image on the tram. .2 - item written by Matthew Dixon including a photograph of No. 18 with Roger Gosney and Peter Waugh alongside. Includes an item on the unveiling of the Julia Gillard bust in the Prime Ministers Avenue - titled "Shortage of Prime Ministers".btm, museum, grants, restoration, prime ministers avenue

Rationing regulations for food and clothing were gazetted on 14 May 1942. Rationing was introduced to manage shortages and control civilian consumption. It aimed to curb inflation, reduce total consumer spending, and limit impending shortages of essential goods. The broad reasoning behind the introduction of rationing was to ensure the equitable distribution of food and clothing. It was also hoped that a cut on consumer spending would lead to an increase in savings, which in turn could be invested in war loans. Australians were never as short of food nor rationed as heavily as civilians in the United Kingdom. Rationing was enforced by the use of coupons and was limited to clothing, tea, sugar, butter, and meat. From time to time, eggs and milk were also rationed under a system of priority for vulnerable groups during periods of shortage. Rationing was administered by the Rationing Commission. The basis for policing food rationing was through the surrender of coupons before rationed goods could be supplied. This had to occur between traders as well as consumers. Coupons were passed back from consumers to retailers, from retailers to wholesalers, and in many cases from wholesalers to producers, who were requested to return them to the commission. Breaches of rationing regulations were punishable under the general provisions of National Security Regulations by fines of to £100 or up to six-months imprisonment. Responding to the complaint that these penalties were inadequate, the government passed the Black Marketing Act at the end of 1942. This Act was for more serious cases and could carry a minimum penalty of £1,000.The clothing ration books and coupons belonged to Edna Barrie, the food ration card belonged to Wendy Barrie and the tea and butter ration card belong to Elizabeth Daley.local identities, war

Magneto wall telephones such as this one were commonly in use in Australia around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The wall telephone, powered by dry cells, was an invention of the late 1870s. In the first half of the 20th century many old wall telephones were restored and put back in use by the Australian P.M.G. when there was a shortage of telephones in the 1930s Depression and during World War Two. This item, a reminder of the days of early technology, has no known local provenance but is retained for display and research purposes.This telephone piece is contained within a brown wooden box with a back board that has curved edges and extends over the edges of the box. On the back there are three metal screws for attaching the box to a wall or door. The front section of the box has curved edges with an inset panel around the edges. There is a metal turning handle on one side of the box and on the other side there is a metal clip holding a hearing piece attached to the box by a cord. On the front of the box is a speaking piece attached to the box by a metal piece. Attached to the front of the box are two semi-circular ringing pieces now situated some centimetres out from the box. The box was originally varnished but the edges are now rubbed and there are some splotches of paint. vintage wall telephones, history of warrnambool, magneto wall telephones

A start on the construction of Bogong Creek race line was made at the commencement of winter in 1948. Work proceeded in the following years when work on the High Plains was not practicable. In January, 1951 the special trimming machine, the special slip form and concrete mixing and placing equipment was put into service. A shortage of cement caused some delays as well as a sudden financial recession. The race line was completed and put into service in 1952.An historical record showing the machinery used during this time, the number of workers and supervisors involved and the mountainous terrain where they worked. It also demonstrates the OH&S of the period with workers mostly in street clothing with no hard hats or other safety equipment. Several workers can be seen working shirtless or in singlets.Photocopy of a black and white SECV photograph No: K 6209 labelled Bogong Creek Race Line ch. 1700. Depicting large group of workers and supervisors working at the site. Dated 17/1/52Printed underneath the photograph: STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 17/1/51 Time: 10.30am No: K 6209 Kiewa Hydro-Electric Works Bogong Creek Race Line ch. 1700 bogong creek raceline; secv; kiewa hydro electric scheme;

A start on the construction of Bogong Creek race line was made at the commencement of winter in 1948. Work proceeded in the following years when work on the High Plains was not practicable. In January, 1951 the special trimming machine, the special slip form and concrete mixing and placing equipment was put into service. A shortage of cement caused some delays as well as a sudden financial recession. The race line was completed and put into service in 1952. An historical record showing the machinery used , the number of workers needed at any one time ( about 16 in this photo) and the mountainous terrain of the area. Black and white photograph taken during construction of Bogong Creek Raceline, showing the type of machine used for the formation of the concrete lining, the mountainous terrain, a number of workmen and a snow capped Mt. Bogong in the backgroundHandwritten on the back of photograph in black ink "Bogong Creek race line".race line, cement, machinery, bogong

Report from the Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) on a visit to Great Britain (Manchester, Blackpool, Glasgow, London) and North America (New York, Toronto) to recruit single men for employment at the MMTB, in light of labour shortages. The visit also collected information on operation details of public transportation in the visited locations, such as pay, amenities and facilities for employees, public relations, traffic operation, timetables, and rolling stock.A document that detailed operations of public transport agencies in the UK, US and Canada from an Australian perspective during the 1950s.Report of Visit Abroad - Recruitment of Staff and Transport Information, 23rd April, 1951 - 6th March, 1952public transport, tramways, mmtb, employment, overseas tours, recruitment

In mid 1941, the MMTB commenced to employ females as Conductresses to alleviate a man power shortage as result of the Second World War. The first 8 commenced training at Hawthorn Depot during August and commenced work on 4 September. See reference for more details on the use of female staff. A MMTB Poster "Melbourne Tramways Past & Present" identifies that the instructor was G. S Boardman and the photo was taken by The Herald.Yields information about the first group to trained as conductresses during 1941.Black and white photograph of 8 women trainee conductresses and Instructor - August 1941tramways, trams, crews, conductors, conductresses, training, world war 2, mmtb

A3 size poster, photocopied with cartoon drawings of a MTA (Metropolitan Transport Authority) crew member and a passenger who waited 30 mins. for a tram and complaining. MTA crew member explains shortage of crews and blames MTA and Minister Tom Roper (Transport Minister at the time) - mid 1980's. On base of poster is "AUTHORISED BY THE WORKERS AT THE SOUTH MELBOURNE DEPOT". Acquired by Chris Jacobson, BTPS Secretary, who was working at the time at South Melbourne Depot and displayed on the fridge at Bungaree for many years - where torn etc. Cartoonist name unknown.trams, tramways, mta, crew shortages, south melbourne depot

The Ballarat School of Mines was established in the disused Ballarat Circuit Court in 1870 through the initiatives of the Ballarat Mining Board, which was concerned with the shortage of trained men for the goldfields. The former Ballarat Circuit Court House was originally abandoned due to subsidence of its foundations, possible caused by under-mining. This photograph shows students in front of that building, which was demolished c1912 to make way for the Ballarat Technical Art School building. A group of men pose for a photograph at the side of the original Ballarat School of Mines Building (Former Circuit Court - now demolished). Many wear hats.ballarat school of mines, ballarat circuit court house, court house, ballarat mining board, students, class, former ballarat circuit courthouse, alumni, boater hats

In 1949 the Commonwealth Forestry and Timber Bureau proposed a national planting program to make Australia more self-reliant in timber products after the shortages experienced during the war. The threat of introduced sirex woodwasp from Europe in the early 1950s and its eventual discovery on the Australian mainland in 1961 brought the softwood plantation program into question. However, quarantine and control measures using tree destruction and a nematode parasite was put in place.Sirex noctilio was a serious threat to softwood plantations in AustraliaSirex wood wasps encased in resinplantations, forests commission victoria (fcv)

World War 2 commenced in 1939 in Europe. The first controls over the production and distribution of products in Australia were introduced in 1940, partly due to disruption of shipping. In 1942, after Japan entered the War, comprehensive rationing was introduced to manage shortages and control civilian consumption. After the War, rationing was gradually phased out. Clothing rationing was abolished on 24 June1948. The last rationed product was tea, which ended in July 1950.Many young men from the City of Moorabbin volunteered for active service during WW2 .The market gardeners had to manage their farms with reduced labour. Farms and businesses over the whole country were affected so rationing was introduced to control the civilian use of commodities. Pink-coloured card, printed in black with coupons to be cut off from the left side, originally 24 supplied. 2 original, partly used paper ration cards issued in Melbourne 1948. !x Identity Card for Emma Marriott 1) Meat Ration 2) Clothing Ration 3) Identity Card1)If this Card is found it must be returned at once/ to the Deputy Director of Rationing Melbourne/Commonwealth of Australia/ 1948/ B 891314 MEAT/RATION CARD/Rg,D.1/ Issued to/Name Reed G.M/Address 251 Centre Rd/SE14/ tickets -MEAT 104 - 54 2) as above / B891313/ CLOTHING/ RATION CARD/ tickets 1- 56 3) OHMS / Identity Card ...........1942ww2, melbourne, bentleigh, food rations, food supply, farming, market gardeners, city of moorabbin, cheltenham, marriott emma, reed george, william green, kenneth j blackman

The Stripper was invented by John Ridley in 1843, while trying to overcome harvest labour shortage. In the early ays of Colonial South Australia a labour force was essential to harvest the wheat crop quickly before the grain shook out and fell to the ground. The stripper solved this problem, as t could strip 10 acres [4 hectares], handling approx. 180 bushels [5 tonnes] per day. This replaced 14 men using scythes.Strippers were used in this area between 1870's to the early 1900's.Then the Stripper Harvestors took over this processprinciple of the stripper----The wheat heads were knocked off the straw by a fat revolving beater ,and the grain, mixed with the husks and short straw, was propelled to the rear tin box. When the box became full, the contents were emptied into a winnower for cleaning. Recorded as Mitchell Stripper

Glass washboards were popular during World War II due to a shortage of metal. The body was made of wood, but the scrubbing area was glass. Washboards were normally two-sided with one side having more refined ridges and also came in a variety of sizes. The smaller washboards were used for delicates such as undergarments and petticoats, while larger washboards were used for such items of clothing as shirts and pants. They were used over the laundry tubs. (ref. Antique Traders)This glass scrubbing board is an example of the typical laundry equipment used by families in the Orbost district in the early 20th century.A rectangular glass washboard with a wooden frame. The glass insert is corrugated glass and the backing at the top is original. Frame is new (original had borer damage).On backing at top - Possum trademarklaundry-equipment washing scrubbing-board

This Anaesthetic Mask 'Schimmelbusch' mask was used to deliver chloroform or ether as an anaesthetic. When this mask was in use most doctors would have delivered the anaesthetic themselves. During the 1940s and 1950s, some nurses may have played an active role in the delivery of anaesthetics, particularly in remote areas and during wartime or doctor shortages. This medical / hospital equipment was the latest available in the 1950s when the Tawonga District General Hospital was built specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Metal egg shaped frame with metal pieces crossing longitudinally and across with attached moveable metal piece that holds cloth in when closed and fits into open hollow egg shaped frame. At one end is a flat metal piece that would rest on the forehead. Usually used for children. To add cloth (gauze or muslin) with anaesthetic (chloroform or ether) open the mask and place the cloth onto the frame. It clipped on and the fluid then dripped onto the cloth. CHIRON GERMANY between handle and oval.hospital; tawonga; mt beauty; medical; nurse; medical instrument; face; anaesthetic.

Historic photo of mining at Specimen Hill. After crushing ore, the sand pyrites remaining could be treated to extract even finer gold. The sand was placed in large brick ovens to be roasted, which freed the sand of arsenic, sulphur etc, with the fumes containing these elements released into the atmosphere via a large chimney. Spargo's Pyrite Company operated from about 1870. It closed when there became a shortage of workers during WW1 and appears to have not restarted after the war. Black and white image, possibly copy. Weatherboard building on left hand side, elevated weatherboard building centre with chute descending to lower building. Possibly Spargo's Pyrites works, date unknownspargo's, pyrites

This book is a reprint of a rare 19th catalogue of Australian tradesmen’s tokens. A token was a coin to the value of one penny produced in the mid 19th century to benefit businesses at a time when there was a shortage of English pennies. The token or penny had the name, business and date on the coin and could only be used in that particular business. In Warrnambool two businesses, those of William Jamieson of Liebig Street and William Bateman of Banyan Street, had tokens (1855 and 1862). Today examples of these local tokens are highly valued because of their historical interest. This book is of interest as a reprint of a 19th century catalogue of Australian token coins. It will be useful as a reference book.This is a soft cover book of 80 pages. It has a yellow cover with black print within a white background frame. The text contains many black and white images of tokens.tradesmen’s tokens in australia

This item appears to be a calendar which was in use for a multiple clientele office e.g. post office, commercial office or bank, school or educational administration area, small government office or hospital administration in the Kiewa Valley or its region. The time this item was first used, electrical or battery powered desk and office calendars did not exist for semi isolated rural regions. These type of perpetual calendars not only looked impressive but were not affected by power shortages. This was a time when not all of Victoria was adequately supplied by power. This item is quite relevant to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates that the time before the Hydro electricity generators where built (Mount Beauty to Falls Creek), power supplies were not keeping up to the ever increasing demand from city and rural customers. This item was in a period before mass produced automated date and time pieces were available and hand operated date and time pieces were both in a social and commercial sphere a necessity.Wooden box (varnished) with three openings (on the front) detailing ,the day(Monday to Sunday), the date (1st to 31st) and the month (January to December). On the right side of the calendar box are two winding screws (RHS 6 steel) for each opening. These permit the scrolling of the information i.e. day, number and month. This ability results in a desk calendar which is perpetual. On the back there is a steel (screwed on) hanger with a slot for wall screw.perpetual calendar, office calendars, desk calendars, desk furniture

Distributed to nurses during campaigning for improved workloads and wages in the 1980s, possibly during the historic 1986 Victorian 50-day nurses strike. During the 1970s and 1980s, the state of Victoria had an acute nursing shortage, and patient workloads were unsafe. Throughout the 1980s, Victorian nurses took drastic industrial action to improve wages and conditions, culminating in the historic 50-day strike in 1986. The Royal Australian Nursing Federation (RANF) became the Australian Nursing Federation in 1989, suggesting that this button is from the late 1980s.Circular white and blue plastic badge. Silver metal, plastic-coated, with safety pin fastener adhered to back. Badge printed with 'R.A.N.F. [Royal Australian Nursing Federation]' and 'Vic. [Victorian] Branch', as well as the text 'Overworked Nurses = Undercared Patients'.nursing, nurses, industrial action, strike action, unionism, badges, buttons, pins, campaigning, 1986 victorian nurses strike, trade unions, labour history, royal australian nursing federation, victoria, 1980s

Has space for entries of date, depot, change over details, defective cars, flats, brake shoe, leading hand inspections, day in cars, number of cars, transport of vehicles, staff shortages, overtime worked, wheels inspected and remarks, depot tally by class, pantographs, motor brushes overtime works, car status, daily inspection of fire appliances and general remarks. See Reg Item 3611 for an earlier version. Includes B1 and B2 class trams. Sampled from a large book of forms.Demonstrates tramcar maintenance forms.Form, titled - "Tram Fleet Department" - Daily Log Book comprising original sheet and copy sheet (carbon paper not required - NCR)trams, tramways, forms, tramcars, tramcar maintenance, ptc

The Norman Oliver collection. Norman Oliver was three times Mayor of Bendigo - 1950-51, 1964-65, 1970-71. Two copies of seven pages of typed notes for a campaign speech in the Victorian state election 1955. Oliver was standing as a Country Party candidate for a seat in the Legislative Assembly. This speech appears to have been given on 3BO as it begins 'Good afternoon, listeners ..'and asks for their vote 'next Saturday'. He replies to criticism that he is anti-working class, his education plans for Bendigo, agricultural science and trade, Bendigo's housing shortage, road policies, drainage issues with the Bendigo Creek. Additions and corrections in blue ink.bendigo, hospital, speech notes, norman joseph oliver , councillor norman oliver. mayor of bendigo. 3bo. victorian state election 1955. country party.

Historical accounts of 55 buildings which portray the Shire of Whittlesea's diverse history. Contains 70 photographs, all full page, 12 in colour. Each is accompanied by a comprehensive account of the homes' origins and changing ownerships through the generations. There are also drawings and a map of the Shire of Whittlesea. Reference to the Peter Lalor Home Building Co-Operative Society Ltd., a project devised to overcome the critical shortage after World War 2. Produced as part of the celebrations for Victoria's 150th anniversary by the Whittlesea Historical Society. A photograph of Bear's Castle at Yan Yean Reservoir is on the cover.Paperback; [114] p. : ill. (some col.), 1 map ; 19 x 25 cm.ISBN 0958866309buildings, shire of whittlesesa, bear's castle

The Norman Oliver collection. Norman Oliver was three times Mayor of Bendigo - 1950-51, 1964-65, 1970-71. Nineteen typed pages, 1-20 with no page 8. On the left hand margin is written in ink 'Please return to ? John? Hargreaves St'. Notes are dated 16 May 1951 and are in the format he used for his weekly talk on 3BO 'The Mayor Speaks'. Topics include : a crossing in Carpenter St, annexation of part of Strathfieldsaye Shire to Bendigo, shortage of engineers and materials, White Hills swimming pool, Showgrounds conveniences, the Kindergarten, Upper Reserve and school sports, Subdivisions and separate rating, the Centenary train, visit of General Berryman, and the recruiting convoy.bendigo, council, speech notes, norman joseph oliver , councillor norman oliver. mayor. 3bo 'the mayor speaks'. bendigo centenary 1951.

Women’s magazines during WWII played a “reflecting role,” meaning they cooperated with government agendas while still including topics of readers’ interests Women’s employment rate skyrocketed during WWII. However, even though the number of women working outside the home grew rapidly most of them were still engaged entirely in homemaking. Therefore women’s magazines centered mostly on the stresses and shortages of wartime. Articles as well as advertisements presented information on “product rationing, tips on keeping the family healthy, guidelines for thrifty shopping and advice on how to look good through it all.This is an example of an English women's magazine published during WW11.It gives practical advice on needlework / knitting and evidences the widespread interest in contemporary fashion. In doing so it shows what were the fashionable, but broadly affordable, women's and children's clothing styles of their day. These magazines also reflect women's interests.A 64 pp magazine, titled Woman and Home and Good Needlework Magazine. The front cover has a a coloured picture of a man in a uniform and woman sitting at a round table drinking tea and photographs of knitted jumpers, the patterns of which are inside the magazine.Handwritten on front cover in pencil -Mehlert