Wilfred Clarence Busse was born in Chiltern, Victoria in 1898. Busse attended secondary school at Wesley College before graduating and studying law at the University of Melbourne. After graduating from University, Busse went on to become a barrister, often in the chambers of Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. Busse was also a fictional writer seen by his novels "The Blue Beyond; A Romance of the Early Days in South Eastern Australia" was written in 1928 and published in 1930 and "The Golden Plague: A Romance of the Early Fifties" written in 1930. "The Golden Plague: A Romance of the Early Fifties" won the T.E.Role gold medal for the best historical novel published that year and went on to become a best seller. Busse wrote a series of articles for "The Federal Standard" newspaper in Chiltern, about the history of Chiltern. Wilfred Clarence Busse was a member of the Chiltern Athenaeum upon his death in 1960. Clara Jane Busse was born in 1870 and was married to William Friedrich Busse. She was the mother of Wilfred Clarence Busse. She survived her son Wilfred by 8 years and died on the 15th of September 1968This memorial card is important to Chiltern Athenaeum as it is of a resident who spent many years in the region before being buried in a cemetery in Indigo Shire. It is also important as it is a familial extension of Wilfred Clarence Busse who was born and raised in Chiltern and drew inspiration for his novels from his life in Chiltern.Off white rectangular card with black cursive writing printed Obverse: Clara Jane Busse/ Passed away at Chiltern/ September, 23rd 1968/ Aged 98 years/ At rest/ Miss Claire Busse and/ Mrs Doreen Martin/ Wish to thank you sincerely for/ Your kind expressions of sympathy/ In their recent sad bereavement/ Reverse: With sincere thanks/ “Roseville”/ Main Street/ Chiltern wilfred clarence busse, chiltern, chiltern athenaeum, busse, "the golden plague: a romance of the early fifties., "the blue beyond, a romance of the early days in south eastern australia", clara jane busse, claire busse, doreen martin

Wilfred Clarence Busse was born in Chiltern, Victoria in 1898. His family moved to the region during the gold rush and continued to resided in the area, purchasing land adjacent the Murray River. Busse completed his secondary education at Wesley College in Melbourne then studied law at the University of Melbourne. Busse went on to become a barrister, often in the chambers of Sir Leo Finn Bernard Cussen (1859-1933) a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. Busse was also an avid fictional writer and in 1930 he published two novels "The Blue Beyond; A Romance of the Early Days in South Eastern Australia” and "The Golden Plague: A Romance of the Early Fifties." "The Golden Plague” won the T. E. Role gold medal for the best historical novel which went on to become a best seller. Busse often drew inspiration for his novels from his younger years living Chiltern. His passion for the region lead him to write “The History of Chiltern” which was published in a serial form in the Chiltern Federal Standard from 1922-1923. Wilfred Clarence Busse was a member of Chiltern Athenaeum upon his death in 1960This photograph is of considerable importance to Chiltern Athenaeum as it was written by Wilfred Clarence Busse, a barrister and author born in Chiltern. Busse drew inspiration to write novels from his life growing up in Chiltern which is apparent in "The Golden Plague: A Romance of the Early Fifties."Sepia rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on board placed within a silver frame.photograph, indigo shire, chiltern athenaeum museum, framed photograph, wilfred clarence busse, busse, chiltern athenaeum, "the blue beyond, a romance of the early days in south eastern australia”, "the golden plague: a romance of the early fifties.", “the history of chiltern”

This photograph is a copy displayed in the Australian Dictionary of Biography. The original photograph is in the La Trobe Collection in the State Library of Victoria. William Henry Gaunt (1830-1905), judge, was born on 27 July 1830 at Leek, Staffordshire, England, son of John Gaunt, banker, and his wife Mary, née Bakewell. Educated at Leek Grammar School and Whitchurch, Salop, he migrated to Melbourne, and entered the Victorian public service and was rapidly promoted. By March 1854 he was chief clerk at Beechworth, the administrative centre of the Ovens goldfield. In July 1855 the resident warden commended Gaunt as 'a highly valuable public servant' with an intimate knowledge of the district and the 'temper and disposition of the miners'. Appointed sub-warden in the Beechworth district in January 1856 and a Chinese protector in August, he was given control of the extensive Woolshed district. When European miners attacked a party of Chinese at the Buckland River diggings in May 1857 Gaunt was sent to restore order. One of his proclamations, issued in Chinese characters, concluded 'W. H. Gaunt, your protector—tremble and obey!' In June he was appointed a police magistrate and next month was sent to take charge at the Buckland where the Chinese had been expelled from the diggings; the police force assisting him was led by Robert O'Hara Burke. In January 1858 Gaunt was appointed a warden, in November was transferred to Chiltern, north of Beechworth, and in August 1859 was made a commissioner of crown lands. In February 1860 Gaunt was appointed a coroner of Victoria, acting at Indigo, near Chiltern. In April 1865 he was transferred to Beechworth, became visiting justice of the gaol and later moved to Sandhurst. In January 1869 he was appointed returning officer for the mining district of Ballarat and visiting justice of the gaol. He was associated with this area for the rest of his life and won high repute for his integrity. In 1874 he chaired the inaugural meeting of the first Australian competitive swimming club. For years he studied law and was called to the Bar in December 1873. He was one of the many public servants dismissed by Graham Berry on 9 January 1878 (Black Wednesday). After petitioning the Queen in vain over his dismissal he began practice in Ballarat as a barrister. He soon became a leading authority on mining laws; one of the cases in which he was involved was the lengthy inquest on the bodies of the twenty-two miners drowned in the New Australasian mine disaster at Creswick in 1882. He was appointed a temporary judge of the Insolvency Court in 1889 and a County Court judge in 1891. In 1900 he was chairman of the royal commission which considered Metropolitan Board of Works matters, and in 1902 was president of the inquiry into the unification of municipalities in Victoria. In 1860 Gaunt married Elizabeth Mary, the youngest daughter of Frederick Palmer; they had nine children. Of the surviving five sons and two daughters, Ernest Frederick Augustus and Guy Reginald Archer both became admirals and were knighted; Cecil Robert became a lieutenant-colonel, Clive Herbert a government advocate in Rangoon and Mary (Mrs H. L. Miller) one of the first women students to enrol at the University of Melbourne (1881), although she did not complete her degree; she became a successful novelist. Gaunt died on 5 October 1905. An anonymous colleague said: 'I don't think he was ever excelled as a police magistrate, and during the many years he was on the County Court bench he earned the highest regard. His capacities were as unquestioned as his integrity, and more could not be said of any judge'. Select Bibliography Votes and Proceedings (Legislative Assembly, Victoria), 1878, 3, (58) Government Gazette (Victoria), 22 Feb, 15 Aug 1856, 30 June 1857, 5 Jan 1858, 16 Aug 1859, 3 Feb 1860, 7 Mar, 11 Oct 1862, 28 Mar, 4 Apr 1865, 17 May 1867, 9 June 1868, 22, 29 Jan 1869 Ovens and Murray Advertiser, 21 May 1857, 11 Mar 1865 Colonial Secretary's in-letters, goldfields, 25 Mar 1854, 21 July, 18 Nov 1855, 22 Aug 1857 (Public Record Office Victoria) scrapbook and newsclippings (privately held). Related Entries in NCB Sitesview family tree Gaunt, Mary Eliza (daughter)go to ADB entryPhotograph of Judge W. H. Gaunt standing beside chair holding top hat and cane, under glass, in cream frame with cream matte.Printed name underneath: JUDGE W. H. GAUNT

Digital imageskoroit, moyne shire, court house, court, legal, law, justice

court room, supreme court, law, legal, london

1 October 2009 marks a defining moment in the constitutional history of the United Kingdom: transferring judicial authority away from the House of Lords, and creating a Supreme Court for the United Kingdom in the historic setting of the former Middlesex Guildhall on Parliament Square. In this location, The Supreme Court forms part of a pre-existing quadrangle made up of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey and Treasury. As civil administration developed, it tended to be conducted by the Justices of the Peace and its offices were often co-located with the first tier of the courts. This close association reached a peak in the latter half of the nineteenth century, since when the two activities have tended to separate. In April 2005, all Magistrates’ Court houses were transferred from the care of County Councils to the Department of Constitutional Affairs (DCA). (https://www.supremecourt.uk/about/history.html, accessed 21 September 2016)london, supreme court, law, legal

The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of a number of men sitting around a table. They are members of the Land League Committee during a meeting in Dublin.ballarat irish, land league, land league committee, dublin

Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule

The document covers the year of 1941. Mention is made of the restrictions and difficulties (petrol rationing, scarcity of paper to name some) that occurred with running a wartime economy, and trying to implement the social welfare programme of Legacy. In particular, The Welfare Committee. Despite the difficulties of the time, Legacy not only continued its work but expanded the programme e.g. the establishment of a Legacy Dental Clinic in Collins St, Melbourne. The document also notes with some sadness the death of some Junior Legatees due to war service, and the realisation that the work of Legacy will need to be expanded due to World War 2. Legacy Probation Officers paid tribute to the never failing support of the Police department. To quote, "In all cases the Police were just as anxious as we to save the boys from the Reformatory of Gaol." There are many documents styled as 'The work of 19XX' so it was a way legatees reported the main events of the year. Many were put into the original archive started by Frank Doolan and were labelled with the letter 'H' to signify History.A record that Legatees were recording the major events of the year in a report for future reference. Significant in that the Law Courts valued the work Legacy was doing to reform their Junior Legatees who had appeared before the courts.White quarto paper, black type. Pages held together by a sewing pin. Pages numbered in pencil, top right hand corner. The documents are enclosed in a Melbourne Legacy badged envelope, stating the title written in black biro.annual summary, history

Stirrups belonging to Constable John James Power of the Victorian Mounted Police, who served at Buninyong between 1893 and 1900.Historically significant as an item of equipment issued to Victorian mounted police in the colonial eraPair of nicklesilver stirrips issued to Victorian police in colonial Victoria. Engraved with number "4105"police, law and order, horses, power j.j., buninyong

Previous owners: T. H. Smith, T. W. SmithSecond edition No. of volumes: 91 Volume range: Vol. 1-50 + Vol. 1961-1994 [First edition?] + Masters 1948-1980 + Permanent supplement to second edition, Interim supplements to 1986 & 1987 Missing volumes: Vol. 1962 Editors: Malor, J. (Vol. 1-30, 1961-1974 & Masters 1948-1977) Jelbart, J. M. (Vol. 31-34, 1967-1980 & Masters 1967-1980) Bennett, J. M. (Vol. 35-40) Fitzhenry, K. (Vol. 41-50, 1981-1987, Permanent supplement to 1986 & Interim supplement to 1987) McPaul, B. (Vol. 1961-1980 & Masters 1948-1980) Lewis, F. (Vol. 1988-1990) Mariani, P. L. (Vol. 1991) Selvadurai, N. (Vol. 1992-1994 & Interim supplement 1987-1993) "Provides summaries of Australia reported case law since 1825. Cases are classified by subject and issue. Consists of 83 titles (58 volumes) updated each year." (ulrichsweb.com) Most items still have dust jackets ISSN: 00671843law reports: digests: etc. -- australia

Previous owners: T. H. Smith, T. W. SmithNo. of volumes: 294 Volume range: 1866-2014 (Years with 2 parts: 1891-1911, 1916-1919, 1921, 1924-1942, 1948-1972, 1990-1991) (Years with 3 parts: 1912-1915, 1920, 1922-1923) (2009-2014 unbound parts) Editors: Bulwer, J. R. (Vol. 1866-1886) Stone, A. P. (Vol. 1886-1894) Pollock, F. (Vol. 1895-1936) Topham, A. F. (Vol. 1936-1939) Williams, R. E. L. V. (Vol. 1940) Sutton, R. (Vol. 1941-1953) Colinvaux, R. P. (Vol. 1953- 1968) Lamb, J. F. (Vol. 1969) Ellis, C. J. (Vol. 1970-1995) Williams, R. (Vol. 1996-2007) Scowen, C. (Vol. 2008) Queen's Bench 1866-1900 & 1952 (Part 2)-2008 King's Bench 1901-1952 (Part 1)ISSN: 02641127law reports: digests: etc. -- great britain

Previous owners: T. H. Smith, T. W. SmithNo. of volumes: 263 Volume range: Vol. 1 (1865-1866) - Vol. 10 (1874-1875) & Vol. 1 (1875/1876) - 2008), 2009-2014 (unbound) Missing volumes: 2002 (Part 2) Later title: Division I - Chancery : cases determined by the Chancery division of the High Court of Justice and by the Chief Judge in bankruptcy and by the Court of Appeal on appeal from the Chancery Division and the Chief Judge and in lunacy Editors: Hemming, G. W. (1865-1895) Pollock, F. (1896-1936) Topham, A. F. (1936-1939) Williams, R. E. L. V. (1940) Sutton, R. (1941-1952) Colinvaux, R. P. (1953-1968) Lamb, J. F. (1969) Ellis, C. J. (1970-1995) Williams, R. (1996-2007) Scowen, C. (2008) ISBN: 9780852891926 (thin paper)law reports: digests: etc -- great britain, equity -- great britain -- cases, bankruptcy -- great britain -- cases, insanity (law) -- great britain -- cases

Previous owners: T. H. Smith, T. W. Smith, W. F. L. Owen (Langer Owen) No. of volumes: 686 Volume range: Law Times & Law Reporter - Vol. I N.S. (November 1859) - Vol. CLXXVII (December 1947), Weekly Notes - Vol. 1925-26 - Vol. 1952, Weekly Law Reports - Vol. 1953 - Vol. 2014 Missing volumes: Vol. XLI N.S. (September 1879 - February 1880) Also known as: The law reporter : the law times : reports containing all the cases argued and determined in the House of Lords, the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal in Chancery, the Rolls Courts, V. C. Kindersley's Court, V. C. Stuart's Court, V. C. Wood's Court, the court of Queen's Bench, the court of Common Bench, the court of Exchequer, the Bail Court, the Exchequer Chamber, the court for Crown cases reserved, the Probate Court, the court for divorce and matrimonial cases, the Admiralty Court, the Bankruptcy Court, the Insolvency Court, at Nisi Prius, Maritime law cases, together with a selection of cases of universal application decide in the Superior Courts in Ireland and in Scotland Weekly notes Weekly law reports Most volumes, especially early contain a book plate and stamp for W. F. L. Owenlaw reports: digests: etc. -- great britain

Previous owners: T. H. Smith, T. W. SmithNo. of volumes: 124 Volume range: 1865-2014 (2008-2014 included within Chancery parts) Probate & divorce: Vol. 1 (1865) - Vol. 3 (1875) Probate: Vol. 1 (1875) - Vol. 15 (1890), Vol. 1891-1971 Family: Vol. 1972-2007 Editors: Bulwer, J. R. (1865-1885) Stone, A. P. (1886-1894) Pollock, F. (1895-1936) Topham, A. F. (1936-1939) Williams, R. E. L. V. (1940) Sutton, R. (1941-1952) Colinvaux, R. P. (1953-1968) Lamb, J. F. (1969) Ellis, C. J. (1970-1995) Williams, R. (1996-2007)law reports: digests: etc -- great britain, probate law and practice -- great britain -- cases, divorce -- great britain -- cases, admiralty -- great britain -- cases