The Wurrung Wurrung Kit is designed to introduce students at all levels to the heritage of Aboriginal languages within the area now known as Victoria. The kit aims to: Create awareness of Victorian Aboriginal languages in the past and present. The kit is not designed for the teaching of languages, Develop students' understanding of the relationship between the languages and culture of Victorian Indigenous people, or Koories, Create awareness of the importance of language to indigenous communities today and to foster respect for these communities and their languages, Highlight the diversity within Aboriginal Victoria and Australia in terms of languages and culture, Provide resources for students and teachers that can be used either as a window into Aboriginal culture generally, or to complement a broader unit of work in indigenous studies. Resources for teachers Purpose of this kit Using this kit Terminology Pronunciation Facts about Aboriginal languages in Victoria Language and Aboriginal culture Revitalizatoin of Aboriginal languages Language Alive in the community Community protocols Understanding the Language Map VELS and Curriculum links Teaching Framework Resources and contacts Activities for students Animal names Colouring in Possum Koala Kangaroo Code breaker What do yo know? Concentration Sounds, spellings and symbols Kinship Different things, different words Koorie Garden Timeline Story of Victorian Languages Language on the Mission Role Play Traditional Owners Placenames Graffiti Wall Map References.maps, b&w photographs, b&w illustrations, colour illustrations, games, referenceswoiwurrung, boonwurrung, gunnai kurnai, djadjawurrung, wathaurong, keerraywoorroong, jardwadjali, wergaia, ladjiladji, taungurung, dhudhuroa, kulin

Yields information about the a significant Australian author's (Batman in The Bulletin - Keith Dunstan) views on Melbourne's trams and the closure of Bendigo tramway system in 1972.Newspaper clipping from The Bulletin, April 29, 1972 in the 'out and about' column written by 'Batman', titled "Revamping the old tram image". Written by Keith Dunstan - see Other information below. Article concerns the romance of Melbourne's tramway system and its relationship to the closure of the Bendigo system and the scene at the time in Bendigo upon closure. Title: Batman in The Bulletin: The Melbourne I Remember Author: Dunstan, Keith Publisher: Australian Scholarly Publishing ISBN-10: 1740970624 Year Published: 2004 Binding: Paperback For more than four decades his finger has been on the pulse of the city. Whether the subject is royal tours, the passing of old ways, the destruction of our historic treasures, the splendour of Collins Street, the peculiarities of our politicians and leading citizens or the mad passion for sport; he knows about its foibles, its fads, fashions and fanaticisms. Best known as the founder of the Anti-Football League and as Melbourne's witty daily newspaper scribe Keith Dunstan wrote regularly for the legendary weekly news magazine The Bulletin from the early 1960s under the pseudonym of `Batman'. In an introduction specially written for this volume Keith tells the story of how his `moonlighting' efforts began and how he was found out. Includes a forward by Barry Humphries.closure, bendigo, melbourne

The Matron and Sisters in this photograph worked in the Melbourne District Nursing Society After Care Home, (later called Hospital) full time and administered nursing care to patients who ranged in age from babes to adults. The Society also had a District Nursing division and these Sisters only worked in the community giving nursing care to patients in their homes.The Melbourne District Nursing Society were pioneers in recognizing the need for premises where patients too ill to be in their own home, but not ill enough to go to hospital, was needed, and the Society built, then opened, the After-Care Home in 1926, (from 1934 called After-Care Hospital), for these patients, and patients from Hospitals. Many children were nursed there, some long term during the Polio epidemic and the Society employed two School Teachers. The Society now ran two divisions, the After-Care with its own Sisters and nurses, and the District division. The Society were the first in Melbourne, in early 1928, to recognize some patients leaving the After-Care, and many at home, needed further social care and they set up ‘Almoners’ from their committee to visit these patients and be intermediaries in getting them social assistance. It was late the following year before the first training of Almoners took place in Melbourne. In 1930 the Society employed a full time kindergarten teacher to visit poor children in their homes. That year the Society were pioneers in opening an Ante-Natal Clinic at the After-Care, setting a high standard with equipment, keeping records, and providing leaflets with instructions in how to keep healthy during pregnancy, what complications to look for and what to do when labour commenced. In 1934 the Society were pioneers again when they opened the first Women’s Welfare Clinic in Melbourne giving advice on birth-control, at first attended by their own patients, but then accepting patients from public hospitals until their own clinics were opened. A trained Almoner was employed by the Society in 1934, doing a great deal of work with Midwifery patients, but she resigned after twelve months due to the amount of work. Due to a lack of trained Almoners, the Society employed a Social Service Officer at the After-Care who successfully gained better housing from the Housing Commission for families living under unsuitable conditions.A black and white photograph of Matron and twelve Trained nurses (Sisters) standing at the front entrance of the Melbourne District Nursing Society After Care Home, In the front of the portico is the Matron and four Sisters. Matron is dressed in a white long uniform dress and white veil over her short dark hair, and is wearing white stockings and white shores. To her right are four Sisters. Behind them are five Sisters, one standing between the left pair of round columns of the portico and the others to her right finishing just before the second set of columns. Two Sisters are to the left of the left hand column in front of the brick wall of the building. A short brick wall runs from the column to the building and hides the lower half of these Sisters. All the Sisters are dressed with white long aprons with white belts, which are covering their uniforms, only their dark grey sleeves and white collars can be seen. They are wearing white veils covering most of their short dark hair, grey stockings and black shoes. At the top of the portico can be seen the words 'District Nursing Society'. Part of the two story brick building can be seen behind the group; two long windows are visible on the upper and lower sections. To the right of the building some shrubs and a tree can be seen.nurses, after care hospital, uniforms, after-care home, melbourne district nursing society, mdns, rdns, royal district nursing service

For this series - refer to Cat No's 9546.7, 9547.4, 9548.4, 9549.5. Items in the collection of "William John SULLIVAN" VX57829. Refer cat. No. 9523P for his service record.1. - 4. Hard cover book with dust covers. Hardcover - cardboard with green buckram. Dark blue print on front and spine. All pages, cut, plain, off white colour paper. Illustrated in black and white and colour photographs, paintings, maps, sketches and diagrams. 200 pages. Dust covers - paper. All end papers are illustrated. 1. "THESE EAGLES/ STORY OF THE RAAF AT WAR" 1942. Hard cover illustration - line drawings of an eagle in flight. Dust cover - dark blue and red print on front and spine. Pale blue background. Illustration - Eagle in flight and RAAF Roundel. 2. "RAAF LOG" 1943. Hard cover illustration, silhouette half portrait of an airman. Dust cover - white print on dark blue background front and spine. Illustration - blue, beige and white silhouette of an airman. 3. "RAAF SAGA" 1944 Hardcover illustration - silhouette of two aircraft. Dust cover - green and black colour print on front and spine. Illustration - air crew with two aircraft on the ground. 4. "VICTORY ROLL/ THE RAAF AT WAR" 1945. Dust cover white and black print on front and spine. Blue background. Illustration - silhouette three aircraft in flight. Back - photograph of Australian War Memorial, Canberra.book series, raaf, ww2, william john sullivan

A vintage 1903 hardcover children’s book with the title Chatterbox printed with white lettering at the top of the front cover, which has a green coloured background with an illustration in a large circle showing a girl winding a handle on a wishing well in a garden. The publisher details are printed at the bottom, with Price Three Shillings printed in red letters at the very top. The covers have broken away from the cotton bound spine. The faded light tan coloured back cover has an advertisement for EPPS'S (Breakfast) COCOA. with details of its efficacy and use for good health. The manufacturer details are added at the bottom. Inside the front cover are advertisements for Bird's Custard Powder and Robinson's Patent barley "in powder form". The frontispiece coloured illustration inside depicts a young girl dressed in wintry clothes carrying a lidded cane basket walking along a road on a windy autumn day. The title of the picture is 'Going with the Gale'. The title page has the title plus Edited by J. Erskine Clarke, M.A and publisher details with a black lined illustration of children, a woman with children at her knee reading and flowers. There are further coloured plates in the collection. The book contains plenty of puzzles, poetry, and stories for children. Pp. 412. At the back is an added supplement of Wells, Gardner, Darton & Co's Popular Books. Pp.34.fictionA vintage 1903 Chatterbox collection of puzzles, poetry and stories for children with black lined illustrations and coloured plates throughout. children's books, books, children's stories, adventure stories

A vintage 1929 hardcover children's book with the title Chatterbox printed in white lettering at the top of the front cover which has a green coloured background with an illustration in a large circle showing a boy wearing a white jumper in front of trees. The publisher details are printed at the bottom. Red tape binds the covers on the spine. The faded yellow coloured back cover has an advertisement for 'Allenbury's' The Progressive System of Infant Feeding, which was a similar composition to mother's milk. The manufacturer details are added at the bottom. Inside the front cover are black and white printed advertisements for 'Ovaltine' Tonic Food Beverage and "Blackbird" Fountpens. The coloured frontispiece illustration inside depicts an Indigenous American First Nations Indian riding a horse with his family and rest of the tribe in the background. The title of the picture is 'The Wilderness Road'. The title page has the title plus Funded by J. Erskine Clarke, M.A and publisher details with a black lined illustration of children, a woman with children at her knee reading and flowers. There are further coloured plates in the collection. The book contains plenty of puzzles, poetry, and stories for children. Pp. 316. At the back are advertisements for 'Pears the pure soap', Wright's coal tar soap, Chatterbox publications and Macintosh's Toffee de Luxe and Carnival Assortment. fictionA vintage 1929 Chatterbox collection of puzzles, poetry and stories for children with black lined illustrations and coloured plates throughout. children's books, books, children's stories, adventure stories

Series of newspaper clippings about travelling on Melbourne trams, people, conductors, and what can happen. .1 - Newspaper clipping titled "Swanston Express", from The Age 18/5/1985 by Alan Fitzgerald, about travelling on a tram and being on the wrong tram to an unusual destination and the things that can happen. Based around the story that a person was supposed to fly to Oakland USA but finished up in Auckland NZ. .2 - ditto titled "Its not easy losing green", from The Herald, 12/12/81 written by Lawrence Money about the loss of the green W's and their quirks - like sand on the floor, ticket butts, trap doors, peep holes, Melbourne habitats, compared to the orange trams. .3 - Letter to the Editor "Keep our trams and buses green", written by R Francis head of the graphic design, Swinburne Institute of Technology - regarding the colour of our vehicles, heritage and the craze of having orange colours - industrial design. Dated 8/5/1982. .4 - Editorial, 17/1/1995 - titled "Other peoples' trams" - The Age, about the reliance on Melbourne trams by its people, comparison with other large cities e.g. St Petersburg, cost of running it, finishes with the view that the system should be extended.trams, tramways, melbourne, behaviour, tramways, crews, tramcars, people and places, sanding equipment, compressors, livery, colour schemes

Set of five newspaper cuttings (or group of cuttings) regarding trams sold by the MMTB and their relocation. .1 - Community Valley News "Huge tram sure to stop traffic; well that's the idea!", 16/4/2002 - W6 968 being relocated to the Essendon Traffic School - see image i9. .2 - Cover and pages 6 & 7 of Metro News24/1/2001 - about the sale of W class trams. Cover photo has a tram at Dales Creek, story by Ingrid Svendsen about the storage of trams at Newport, reuse. Quotes Dr Mees, Roberto D' Andrea, Peter Batchelor and Geoff Leigh. .3 - Free Press - 22/2/1984 - "Last Stop Cockatoo" - W2 611 to Cockatoo Primary School. .4 - Diamond Valley News, 13/3/1984 about the sale of W2 640 to Mrs Fabian Broekan to the Eltham area and the objection of the Eltham council. .5 - The Sun - 24/8/1987 - "Aboard the tram home" about the former trams at Ferny Creek. Two centre pages. See also Reg Items about these tramcars. .6 - The Phillip Motorway - 19/8/1993 - about W2 284, owned by Evan Bekiaris which was built by Holdens in SA.trams, tramways, sale of trams, mmtb, newport workshops, preserved trams, ferny creek, tramcars, pmtt, melbourne, houses, essendon, holden, tram 968, tram 611, tram 640, tram 284

Digitised video (2.66GB) Duration: 51 minutes. Recorded August, 2022 (Video is available for viewing at Ringwood & District Historical Society Archives by appointment)Presenter: Louise Blake is a writer and historian with an interest in the stories of women, families, and communities on the nineteenth-century goldfields in Australia and New Zealand. Inspired by her family connection to the gold mining settlement of Woods Point, Louise completed a PhD on Women and Community on the Upper Goulburn Goldfields in north-east Victoria in 2019. In this talk Louise will share her research on Lawrence and Esther Chubb, who lived and worked at Gaffneys Creek on the Upper Goulburn Goldfields in the 1870s and 80s. In a series of letters Lawrence wrote to his family in England, and now held by the State Library of Victoria, Lawrence shared his early struggles as an independent miner on the central Victorian goldfields, his protracted courtship with Esther, the ordinary intimacies of their life at Gaffneys Creek, the work that Esther did to support the family in this remote mining region, as well as the material and emotional support provided by and to family, friends and neighbours. A rare and revealing source, these letters help to expand our understanding of the lived experience of mining families, particularly the work that women did to sustain families and communities, in this period of waged labour and tribute mining in Victoria.

Correspondence over a four year period (probably an incomplete file) on the behalf of Henry Cairns of Moonee Ponds and property owner at Christmas Hills / Watsons Creek including copy of a survey of his land title in relation to complaint regarding the Shire of Eltham encroaching on his land to make a road and subsequent purchase of land. The road provided acccess to the property of Mr W. Clinton of Heidelberg and other properties at Christmas Hills. Note by H.G. indicates that the property discussed in file is Clintons Road (not stated in file), possibly named after 1938. In December 1937 Eltham Shire Council agreed to purchase a block of land at the intersection of the Christmas Hills -- Smiths Gully roads from Mr Cairns to provide an outlet for the road which ran through the Cairns property. In March 1928 Mr Clinton had previously offered to contribute a sum of money towards the cost of purchasing the Cairns block to permit the road to go into his property was intending to transfer the property to himself. A Councilor was reported as being astounded in The Advertiser, 11 March 1938, as the land was needed for a road. Cr Baird: "The road was only to help his sports" Mr W. E. Clinton (Bill) was one of the founders of the Rob Roy Hill climb which took place at his property at Christmas Hills. He owned a garage in Heidleberg (See: https://cv.vic.gov.au/stories/sporting-life/speed-style-spirit-the-rob-roy-hillclimb/the-rob-roy-hillclimb/)16 pieces of paperraynes dickson kiddle & briggs solicitors, henry cairns, shire of eltham, roadworks, christmas hills, watsons creek, w. e. clinton, clintons road, rob roy climb

The Reynolds/ Prior collection of photographs were snapped by Tom Prior, the Uncle of Ivy Reynolds (her mother's brother) around 1900 and the 60 photos in the album give a fine overview of many of the landmarks of Research and Eltham over 100 years ago. lvy is a much loved pioneer who lived in the family home for many years at 106 Thompson Cres Research. Many today living in our township will know Ivy and remember her sister Margaret. Ivy's father, Ernst Richard Reynolds and grandfather, Richard Reynolds, lived at the same address. Ivy's father Richard worked for Mr. Trail on his property in Research. Reynolds Road is named after the family. Mr Tom Prior (wife Eva) worked at the Melbourne zoo. He was very innovative and made his own camera, using the black cloth hood to exclude the light. The photographs are a reminder of the rural nature of Research and Eltham and its rich heritage. Ivy Reynolds would like to share this history, stories and anecdotes with you. If they are not recorded and presented they are lost. In Andrew Lemon's Book Return to Research, A Centenary History of Research Primary School, there is a chapter-- reminiscing ..... the Reynold's family in Research 1870 to 1989 by Jenny Anderson With this in mind, Ivy would like to present the Reynolds/Prior collection in album form to the Historical Society of Eltham, and also to the Andrew Ross Museum, Kangaroo Ground. Ross McDonald 605 Mt Pleasant Rd Research, Vic 3095 (March, 2006 )The Reynolds family were early settlers in Research. The Reynolds/ Prior collection of photographs were taken by Tom Prior, the maternal uncle of Ivy Reynolds, around 1900 and the 60 photos in the album give a fine overview of many of the landmarks of Research and Eltham over 100 years ago. lvy lived in the family home for many years at 106 Thompson Cres Research. Ivy's father, Ernst Richard Reynolds and grandfather, Richard Reynolds, lived at the same address. Ivy's father Richard worked for Mr. Trail on his property in Research. Reynolds Road is named after the family. Mr Tom Prior (wife Eva) worked at the Melbourne zoo. He was very innovative and made his own camera, using the black cloth hood to exclude the light. The photographs are a reminder of the rural nature of Research and Eltham and its rich heritage. Album of photograps (rteproductions) and A4 photocopy (7 pages) contained in album, the Reynolds/Prior Photograph Collection giving background to collection and notes on photosThe Reynolds/Prior Photograph Collection, Presented to the Eltham District Historical Society, 14 June 2006 by Ross McDonald. A second copy was also presented to the Andrew Ross Museum, Kangaroo Groundreynolds prior collection

Pictorial book contains the names of Victorians K.I.A 1914 - 1916 and those who enlisted during the same period. Also stories and a list of bravery awards. Each book has a place for a photo inside The MULLER Brothers. Two of the three boys photos are in the book, Albert & Edgar. They All came from Nhill Victoria. Albert Herbert Muller No 448 enlisted in the 4th L.H.Regt C Sqd on 19.8.1914 age 21 years 7 months. Embarked for Egypt 19.10.14 and then to Gallipoli on 20.5.15, KIA by a sniper on 1.8.1915 at Gaba Tepe Gallipoli. Buried Shell Green Gully 2.8.1915. John Herman Muller No 1102 enlisted in 8th reinforcements 8th L.H Regt on 2.7.15 age 22 years, embarked for Gallipoli 20.8.1915, hospital with Mumps 25.10.15, return to unit 17.11.1915, embark for Alexandria 25.12.1915, hospital 16.9.1916 with Tonsilitis, WIA 19.4.1917 GSW to chest, left leg & arm, hospital 28.11.1917 with Diarrheoa, hospital 1.9.1918 (unclear), promoted T/Sgt 13.3.1919, discharged from the AIF 9.12.1919. Edgar Percy Muller No 3227 enlisted in 26th reinforcements 8th L.H.Regt on 9.11.1916 age 18 years 7 months. Attended Signal School 10.11.1916 to 14.2.1917, embarked for Egypt 20.2.1917, hospital 26.6.1917 with Debility, return to unit, WIA 1.12.1917 GSW to Chest, return to unit 9.1.1918, hospital 4.6.1918 with Malaria, return to unit 31.7.1918, hospital again 9.8.1918 (appears to be Malaria severe), return to unit 29.10.1918, discharged from the AIF 20.10.1919.Memorial Book Australia's Roll of Honour 1914 - 1916. History, Heroes and Helpers. Includes illustrations, photos, drawings, maps, portraits, personal records. Includes fold out pictures inside front cover. Photo and details of A. H. MULLER pasted onto first page. Gilt edged pages. Leather bound cover.books - military - reference, memorials

On the 19th and 20th September 1910, the Mission organised a fundraising evening at the Masonic Hall on Collins Street. The "Tableaux vivants", called "Tennison's Dream of Fair Women" were arranged by artist Violet Teague. She arranged and painted the decors for the "tableaux vivants" in the Siddeley Mission. It's likely she also created the cover of this programme. "Mother and Lover of Men the Sea" is a verse form the poem: The Triumph of Time by Algernon Charles Swinburne While she was working, seamen from the Carnarvon Bay shipwreck were welcomed to the institute and subsequently invited to the evening. "They went through a large room, where a lady was standing on a scaffolding pointing a scene for the enter" tainment which is to take place this evening in the Masonic-hall. The lady was Miss Violet Teague, but she took her mind and her brush off the effects in marine blue sufficiently long to learn the main outlines of the story. " (Argus 19 September 1910). "During the evening the Rev W F Haire, acting chaplain to the mission announced that among those present were the shipwrecked survivors of the Carnarvon Bay, which was wrecked at King Island on Thursday last The men, who bore no traces of the hardships they endured took their places on the platform, whilst the large audience cheered itself hoarse and sang "For They Are Jolly Good relics". (Argus 20 September 1910) In 1935, Violet Teague was on the passengers on the C.B. Pedersen, one of the last windjammers. She Drew and painted during her voyage and exhibited the artworks in 1938.This rare programme is the last remaining testimony of the relationship between the Mission and famous artists of the time who provided illustrations for quotation calendars (Daryl Lyndsay, John Shirlow).12 pages programme. The cover is light blue paper with the design of the Greek ship printed in black ink.violet teague, tableaux vivants, 1910, fundraising, theatre, play, algernon charles swinburne, sponsors, advertising, carnarvon bay, shipwreck, una le souef, masonic hall, lady gibson-carmichael, willsmere certified milk and co, fry's cocoa, remington typewriter, hypol, lhlg, ladies harbour lights guild

Charles Edward Fulford, Ltd Leeds, England. The company founded in Australia in 1897 produced patent medicines, manufacturing products including Bile Beans and Zam-Buk ointment. Charles concocted ‘Bile Beans for Biliousness’, supposedly from a secret native recipe discovered by an eminent scientist – all a myth! Phenomenal sales were achieved through door-to-door leafleting, free gifts, and blanket advertising in the popular press, featuring emotive personal stories of miraculous, life-changing cures, presented as news items. The Company was first established in the UK in 1899 after achieving success in Australia. Charles’ brother Frank Harris Fulford, and entrepreneur, came from Canada to Leeds in 1902 to manage the British division of Charles's manufacturing business, C. E. Fulford Limited The company had to face damaging adverse publicity in 1905 when the judge in a case over the Bile Beans name declared that the business was founded on ‘fraud, impudence and advertisement’. But it survived, indeed flourished, expanding internationally. His other ‘secret’ remedy, Zambuk ointment was claimed to soothe and heal every kind of skin condition, an essential standby for all good mothers and wives. Both products lasted into the 1980s, after various company take-overs; interestingly, Zambuk has recently been revived. 1906 Charles Fulford, only 36, died at his home in Australia, apparently from exhaustion. He left a fortune, including a huge bequest to Dr Barnardo’s charity for homeless boys in London. A small round tin with a lift off lid containing 'Zam-Buk' antiseptic ointmentLid : CONTAINS / NO LARD & NO OTHER / ANIMAL OIL OR FAT / Zam-Buk' / FOR / Cuts/ Bruises, Burns / ..........UNEQUALLED FOR SPORTSMEN / "RUB IT IN "/ AS AN / EMBROCATION. Base :DIRECTIONS ................/ HEALING, SOOTHING, ANTISEPTIC. Around Lid : Zam-Buk Made in Australia by C.E.FULFORD (Australasia) Ltd SYDNEY / Incorporated in England / CONTENTS 5/8 OZ.pharmacy, medicines, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, c.e.fulford pty ltd, ointments, zam-buk ointment, sydney, melbourne, fulford frank harris, antiseptic, leeds england,

Near Eltham Park (now known as Eltham Lower Park), floodwaters from the Diamond Creek cut off the Main road into Eltham at Bremner’s Flats (present day Wingrove Park). In the distance, left of centre, is Mr. Montieth's Ford Wagonette stranded in the floodwater near Wingrove Cottage. “On the Lower Eltham Reserve the water was nearly five feet deep across the reserve and over a mile along the road. All the week-end shops are surrounded. For over 40 years flood waters have not reached this unprecedented level.” - Advertiser, Friday November 30, 1934, p7 "Whilst we were at the shop a "tidal" wave occured . There used to be a Mr. Monteith who ran a Model T Ford bus from the Eltham Railway Station down the main street. The bus would hold seven, six seated in the back, 3 aside a seventh standing on the step on the middle of the back hanging on to two small hand rails. The bus was caught by the flood and was abandoned not far from our shop in the paddocks towards the Higher Elementary School. It was there for days and after the flood waters receded, Mr. Monteith, after removing all the mud and debris gave the engine one turn with the handle and it started first time! So the story goes! " (Doug Orford Reminiscences, 2004) The 1934 flood of the Diamond Creek and Yarra River is the highest recorded flooding in the district and set the standard for the current planning flood plain level.Black and white photograph showing the floodwater from Diamond Creek across Main Road in 1934. Left of centre shows Mr. Montieth's Ford Wagonette in the floodwater in the distancefloods, main road, eltham south, diamond creek (creek), wingrove cottage, wingrove park, bus services, bremner's flat, eltham park, ford wagonette, mr. montieth, floodwater, reminscences

this is a photograph taken at the original jetty at Tabbara on the Brodribb River used by Samuel Richardson who established his mill in 1882. There was a constant demand for timber to supply the growing townships of Orbost , Marlo and surrounds. It was at this mill that the original paddle steamer Curlip was built. More information in "Curlip" by May Leatch. Helena Warrem (1871-1962) was a self-taught photographer who became both the local press correspondent and a producer of humorous trompe l'oeil postcard images. Helena Warren was a thirty-two year old settler living on a small mixed farm with her husband, William, at Newmerella, near Orbost in Gippsland, Victoria, when she bought her first camera, an Austral Box quarter-plate. Her family says she was entirely self-taught, like many women photographers who started out with nothing but the instructions on the packets of film and chemicals. In over fifty years practice she graduated from the total novice, who opened all her first mail order plates in bright sunlight and ruined them, to a competent photographer who became both the local press correspondent and an inveterate producer of humorous trompe l’oeil postcard images. Helena Francis Warren (nee McKeown) was married to William John Warren and lived in Newmerella. She supplied the photos for the Back-To-Orbost celebration book in 1937 and also designed the Back-To-Orbost badge. She was known for her soft toy making. (by Ivy Rodwell in from Personalities and Stories of the Early Orbost District by Mary Gilbert).This photograph is a pictorial record of a typical family activity in the late 19th - early 20th century in the Orbost area, The clothing and manners are reflective of that time, This photograph also has significance in its association with Helen Frances Warren, a popular Orbost identity who was well known as an accomplished photographer and needleworker,A black / white photograph of a family group seated on a wooden jetty. There is a man on the right with a fishing rod. A man is standing next to woman holding a teapot and cup and saucer. On the left a woman is sitting and holding a baby on her knee. The rest are sitting or kneeling with a picnic cloth spread in front of them. There are bottles, jars, plates and cups on the cloth. on back - "The Warren Family Tabara Jetty"tabbara-jetty warren-family-orbost recreation-picnic

A tankard is a form of drinkware consisting of a large, roughly cylindrical, drinking cup with a single handle. Tankards are usually made of silver or pewter but can be made of other materials, for example, wood, ceramic or leather. A tankard may have a hinged lid, and tankards featuring glass bottoms are also fairly common. Tankards are shaped and used similarly to German beer steins. The word "tankard" originally meant any wooden vessel derived from the 13th century and later came to mean a drinking vessel. The earliest tankards were made of wooden staves, similar to a barrel, and did not have lids. A 2000-year-old wooden tankard of approximately four-pint capacity has been unearthed in Wales. Metal tankards often come with a glass bottom and the legend is that the glass-bottomed tankard was developed as a way of refusing the King's shilling, i.e. conscription into the British army or navy. The drinker could see the coin in the bottom of the glass and refuse the drink, thereby avoiding conscription. However, this is likely to be a myth, since the Navy could press by force, known as press-ganging, rendering deception unnecessary. In a bar fight, the first punch was thrown while the recipient had the tankard raised to his mouth; another legend has it that the glass bottom was implemented to see the attack coming. A further story is that the glass bottom merely allowed the drinker to judge the clarity of their drink while forgoing the expense of a fragile pint glass. It is unclear if all or any of these legends have any substance. The Tankard is associated with the shipwreck of the Loch Ard which is of significance for Victoria and is registered on the Victorian Heritage Register (S 417). Flagstaff Hill has a varied collection of artefacts from Loch Ard and this tankard is one item from the largest accumulation of artefacts from this notable Victorian shipwreck. The tankard was found on the wreck and it gives us a snapshot into Victorian maritime history. Allowing us to interpret the story of this tragic event. This drinking vessel is also archaeologically significant as it represents aspects of Victoria's history that allows us to interpret Victoria's social and historical themes of the time. The tankards significance is unfortunately its association with the worst and best-known shipwreck in Victoria's history. (See note section this document for history of the Loch Ard wreck)Pewter tankard; rolled lip, flared base, large handle. Surface has marine encrustations. Inscription on attached label. Recovered from the shipwreck as the Loch Ard. "LA 33 255"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, pewter tankard, tankard, drinking vessel

This ship's pully sheave was part of the Antares rigging. A pulley sheave is a circle on a shaft that is manufactured to hold up movement and change of way of a cable or/and rope, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or/and rope. A pulley is a unique mechanism that is used to leverage the lifting of heavy loads to required heights. The Italian barque Antares was an iron three-masted sailing clipper built in 1888 by Russell & Co of Port Glasgow originally named the “Sutlej” and renamed in 1907 the “Antares” when sold to the Semider Bros of Genoa Italy. The vessel left Marseilles on the 18th of December 1913 with its master captain Gazedo destined for Mullaly & Byrne of Melbourne with a cargo of roofing tiles but failed to arrive. The wreckage was found near the Bay of Islands twenty-two miles east of Warrnambool after a body had washed ashore. Some of the timbers washed up were charred by fire, and a small boat's stern board with the name "Sutlej" led to the identification of the wreck as Antares which had been reported missing. According to later reports, the Antares wrecking was overshadowed by war news at the time. A young local boy had remarked that the Germans had arrived off the coast as he had seen them firing off shells and rockets, but his story was passed off as a joke. These rockets were most likely the distress signals from the stricken ship. The Italian barque/clipper Antares was sometime later reported as overdue. The wreck of the ship was later found at the base of a cliff at the Bay of Islands near Warrnambool in November 1914, there were no survivors.The Antares is significant as it was a sail trader carrying an international inbound cargo during the early part of the 20th century. It is part of the Great Ocean Road Historic Shipwreck Trail and as such is registered as a protected wreck in the Victorian Heritage Database VHS S34.Pulley sheave; brass, with recesses full of concretion. The metal has some blue-green colouration due to exposure to sea water. Recovered from the wreak of the Antares. Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, pulley sheave, antares, tall ship, peterborough, 1914 shipwreck, phillip le couteur, peter mathieson, constable stainsbury, sutlej, bay of islands, pully sheave, pulley, lifting equipment

Jamieson's comments appear in an article surveying the Uniting Church, 7 years after union. "One member who disagrees with the church presents social justice issues is David Jamieson, who has been editor of the Ringwood parish quarterly magazine "Insight" since union. Mr Jamieson says he knows scores of people who find it very hard to accept what he considers is a bias in the presentation of social justice issues. 'I know a lot of people who are becoming alienated because they feel their side of the story is not being presented by the church. They feel only the radical side of justice issues is being hammered. I think the more conservative side has validity. My main concern is the flood of study booklets and material on social justice issues which look at them from only one angle. The bias is on greed, excessive profits and most unworthy aspects of the multi-nationals compared with the most humanitarian concerns of the left. No mention is made of humanitarian concern by big business or the extremes of the left — such as unwarranted industrial action and the effect that this has on the poor and unemployed. No mention is made of excessive wage demands by highly paid people who are pressuring for bigger flow-ons. ….. I do not believe the church should be neutral on political issues. In fact I agree with nearly all of its stands. But we should look at both sides before making up our minds. Only then should we be vocal in a political sense, no matter how one-sided."Full face, looking intently at the camera.C&N identification.jamieson, david, church union 7th anniversary, social justice

Wayne Alfred is a member of the Namgis Tribe of the Kwakwaka'wakw people. As a master carver he has an extremely high level of carving skill and knowledge about his peoples cultural objects, customs, tribal stories and legends. The Totem Poles of the North Pacific Coast in British Columbia and Alaska are traditionally carved out of red or yellow cedar, which has a spiritual and practical purpose. The wood was known for its durability, its resistance to rotting and the inner bark was utilised in ropemaking, clothing, hats, baskets and so forth. The Kwakitul People consider the cedar tree to be among the most sacred of all things provided by the Creator. They believed the Cedar tree to be the axis of the world and a pathway to the upper world. The wood is shaped using implements such as adzes, axes, chisels, carving knives, and chainsaws. Misinterpreted as Gods and idols to be worshipped, totems usually serve six purposes, such as a house pillar for support, a memorial or mortuary pole to commemorate (and house) the deceased, a potlatch pole (used for important traditional indigenous celebrations), a ridicule pole used to shame and a heraldic or family crest pole. Characters and symbols on these totem poles usually display family crests, history, wealth, social rank, inheritance, and privilege, as well as animalistic imagery derived from native animals and mythological creatures. Their sequence are indicative of past family events, ancestors, myths, and heraldic crests, with the bottom figure usually being the most prominent. In this work the 'thunderbird' is symbolic of power, strength and of ancestory. The Commonwealth Games Totem Pole was presented to the people of Nillumbik on behalf of the Canadian Government in recognition of Melbourne as the hosts of the Melbourne Commonwealth Games Team in 2006. Carved in cedar wood, this totem pole incorporates bold cuts and colours (such as red and green) offset by strong black. A relative degree of realism is used to depict the alligator located on the bottom of the pole, a man and a 'thunderbird'/eagle located on the top. With protuding element. No inscriptions. Bold cuts used to outline the characters and symbols as well as decorative and stylised features all over the pole. public art, kwakwaka'wakw, namgis, alfred, north pacific coast, british columbia, canada, totem pole, carved, commonwealth games, melbourne festival, cedar

The Ballarat Trades Hall Eureka Flag The flag originally flew from the flagstaff of the Trades Hall Building in Camp Street Ballarat on 03 December 1942. This prompted many enquiries to teh Ballarat Courier newspapper. The Courier reported that the flag was, in fact, a replica of the origina Eureka Stockade flag. The newspaper reported: "It (seemed) very strange that the town in which Eureka made a name for Australoa and its effort to get freedom from the control for the ordinary man, did not recognise the flag that flew which the first move for freedom was fought out againt big odds." The Trdaes Hall Eureka FLag, made of cotton material, was uded in Union marches during hte 1940s. In later years it was all but forgotten, until in 1981 it was brought to the office of the ten MHR for Ballarat, John Mildren by members of the family that the flag maker boarded with in Ballarat. David Miller, who had a keenintered in the Eureka story and was electorate officer for John Mildren, became custodian of the flag for many years and presented it to the Ballarat Trades Hall for display. In 1994 the Ballarat Trdes Hall Eureka Flag traveled Australia as part of a touring Eureka collection at the time, the Secretary of the Ballarat Regiona Trades and Labour Council, Graeme Shearer said "...The Eureka Fag then, as it does not, sybolises the struggle for basic rights and democracy. On Wednesday 11th July 2001, following a ceremony to mark the refurbishment of the Galloway Monument, the Ballarat Trades Hall Eureka Flag was unveiled at a function in the Ballarat TradesHall by President of the Ballart Trades & Labour Council, Rhonda Young and Premier of Victoria, Steve Bracks. Joe Toscano speaks at Ballarat Trades Hall while standing in front of a replica Eureka Flag.joe toscano, eureka flag, ballary trades hall

Erin McCUSKEY Erin is a filmmaker, photographer and digital media artist with a bent on ‘difference’. She is the Creative Director at Yum Studio where she has forged a national reputation for delivering innovative and unique creative media projects, using projection, media, social media and social broadcasting. Ern McCuskey has a passion for producing projects with human rights at their core. Her short films, installations and commissions have screened at Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka (MADE), Melbourne International Film Festival (MIFF), Flickerfest, Indiefest, Gertrude St Projection Festival, Ballarat International Foto Biennale, numerous exhibitions, performances and collections. Erin’s work is informed by the knowledge that difference is a necessary part of society and the core of a healthy one. She is passionate about creating media that is thought provoking, possibly controversial and also entertaining. Media creation is a group pursuit and those behind the camera are more often control the balance of power, therefore she is committed to unique collective story development. “I believe that art is in the everyday, that we all can, should and do, create. My work is informed by the moving images of my siblings as children recorded by my father, the houses and homes, spaces and events, which live on as objects themselves in various homes as photos, archives, projected and loved. These flickering images were embedded and now I spend time creating more.” (Central Highlands Art Atlas, http://www.artsatlas.com.au/erin/) This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Three photographs mounted side by side (portrait orientation). #1 image of curtains #2 image of sculpture of man reflected in a mirror #3 light reflecting through crystal door handle. Slight scratching on front bottom of frame. art, artwork, erin mccuskey, mccuskey, photography, foto, available

The AFB were aware that accommodation options for blind people were limited and sought to open a hostel to assist with this.The first hostel opened in Lara Street, South Yarra but could not meet demand. In 1926, a suitable property 'Egremont' at 54 The Avenue, Windsor, came on the market. The price was £2650. Lack of funds to purchase seemed an insurmountable barrier. With assistance from the Trustees of the Edward Wilson Estate and the Felton Bequest a deposit of £650 was raised. In a huge step of faith the Committee took out a mortgage of £2000. The interest on the mortgage and its repayments weighed heavily on the Committee. The Avenue, as 'Egremont' was commonly termed, was also a seven roomed house. Mr Paterson and the Architect, Mr Parkes of Oakley and Parkes, immediately began planning an extension, fourteen single bedrooms were added. They were filled from the Waiting List. A Windsor Auxiliary was formed and worked to reduce the mortgage of £2000. An active programme of dances, card evenings, theatre nights and the like took place under the leadership of Mrs. Robertson. The Auxiliary also took an interest in the boarders, arranging entertainment and social activity. £1500. was still owed in 1930. Living side by side is no easy task for a group of people, and the Hostel meeting minute books are filled with stories of disputes over wireless sets, telephones, hot water bottles and wardrobes. In 1958, with rising costs and the growth of aged care centres, the Hostel was closed and the house sold to a succession of private buyers. In 2016 it still stands and has been refurbished as a guest house.B/W copy of newspaper photographThe hostel for blind women at 54 The Avenue, Windsor was established in 1926 to provide a place where sightless women may live together to their mutual advantage under proper and sympathetic supervision. The Windsor Hostel was sold in 1958. This building still stands today and has been refurbished.egremont, blind womens hostel, tilly aston

Murray Comrie Collection. This image depicts stores in the main street of Tarnagulla, including the two-storey bank building being used as a licensed general store. The building on the left was also a bank, originally constructed by the Union Bank in 1859, and Is probably the first brick and stone building at Tarnagulla. It was used by the bank until 1888 at which time the Union and Colonial banks amalgamated. After this, the building was used for a variety of purposes. The milk bar section was constructed in the 1920s in an area at the front of what had once been the Bank’s manager’s residence. The Two-story bank building On the right was constructed and used by the Colonial Bank of Australasia (from 1866 to 1888) and, following bank amalgamation, by the Union Bank (from 1888 until closure in 1942). The original site had been occupied by Joseph Foo's store, a large wooden building with attached theatre. While the bank was being built, the Colonial Bank operated from the former Company's Hotel (soon after to become the Borough of Tarnagulla Council Chambers, then the Mechanics’ Institute, and finally, prior to final demolition in 1980, Burstall Hall) The new double-storey building was used by the Colonial Bank from 1866 until 21st February, 1888. The premises were sold to the Union Bank for £2500. The Union Bank moved in and commenced operations on 6th June 1888, continuing until 1942. The building was later used as a general store until the 1990s. It is a now private residence. This is a reasonable copy of an older original. Copy probably made by Murray Comrie in the 1970s. Monochrome photograph depicting a section of Commercial Road, Tarnagulla near the intersection with Poverty Street, including two stores - one a bakery/milk-bar and the other a general store operating in the former Colonial/Union Bank building. Photograph taken from north of milk-bar. Two people walking away from photographer on footpath/curb between the two stores. The building on the left was the Union Bank premises, constructed in 1859 and Tarnagulla's oldest surviving brick building. The Union Bank absorbed the Colonial Bank in 1888, and the Union Bank moved operations next door into the much larger former Colonial Bank premises which had been constructed in 1865/66. After amalgamation, the old Union Bank premises was then used for a variety of purposes from visiting doctor's rooms to cafe, etc. The Union Bank continued to operate at Tarnagulla until closure in 1942, at which time business had fallen away and Tarnagulla Branch had already been downgraded to sub-branch status. tarnagulla, banks, banking, commerce, stores, shopping, shops, food, groceries, buildings, commercial road

A document written in 1973 with a summary of the first few years of Legacy. It relates the story of Legatee Stan Savige being inspired by Major General Sir Gellibrand to start a club in Melbourne with the broad objective to help the further the interests of ex-servicemen (by business reciprocity). Stan Savige had 'within a few weeks had gathered a small band of ex-servicemen, mostly from his old Brigade, and on 25th September 1923 a Club of about 50 members was established in Melbourne. It was given the name of 'Legacy' and its members in due course came to be known as 'Legatees'. ' Two years later the focus changed to the families of departed comrades. In September 1925 'a quiet and experienced Legatee pointed to the Families, now two years older, of their comrades who had not come home, the name and destiny of Legacy, hitherto not fully grasped and with its inner significance of Challenge, Trust and Responsibility, flashed for the first time into full and clear focus and Legacy had, in that realisation, found both its goal and its Soul.' The document is not signed but a file reference on the bottom is 'JHBA:WF 16.1.73" and the note from the Public Relations Committee indicates the author as being Legatee JHB Amstrong (Brian). The note from the Public Relations Committee mentions 'Fifty Years On' and 'In the beginning', both written by Legatee Armstrong were a fine contribution to the Annual Report in 1973, and were being sent to the printers. (Fifty Years On is at 01506). The notation H31 in red pen shows that it was part of the archive project that was trying to capture the history of Legacy. A summary of the beginnings of Legacy written in its 50 anniversary year by Legatee Brian Armstrong.White foolscap paper with black type x 2 pages, a summary of Legacy's history written in 1973.Handwritten H31 in red pen. It is dated 16 January 1973 (the 50th Anniversary of Legacy).history, golden jubilee

Transcription of the speeches given at a dinner at the Oakleigh Waverley Branch to honour Legatee Frank Doolan, who was a close friend of Stan Savige and a founding member of Melbourne Legacy. It was Doolan who suggested in 1925 that the object of Legacy be changed from the original intention to find work for returned servicemen to looking after the widows and children of those who had died. Although he refused nominations to be President throughout the ensuing years, he served on many committees, working tirelessly in the background. He was also a part of the campaign to build the Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance. He recounts the confrontation between Legatee Kemsley and Allan Spowers, the Editor of the Argus. His address at the dinner was self deprecating in tone and contained many interesting anecdotes about famous people he had worked with, including Stan Savige. He tells the story of how the Savige Toby Jug (00198) was created by Herb Greenway for an event to welcome Savige back from WW2, and how as a member of the Anzac Observance Committee he helped to distribute a couple of hundred Lone Pine seedlings around Australia. He also recounts the pride he felt in being asked to plant the Olive Tree of Peace at the Shrine of Remembrance in 1973 as part of the Legacy 50th anniversary celebrations. The olive tree was moved in 2002 into the new courtyard. He talks about being asked to propose the toast of Legacy at the 1965 Perth Conference and recounted part of what he said. He used the analogy of the cause of Legacy being like a cloak with threads of gold and silver, interwoven with the efforts of Legatees. The personal anecdotes reveal the human side of Legacy history, and attest to the social customs of the day.White foolscap paper x 13 pages with black type of a report on a dinner at Legacy House for L/ Doolan.Title page: 'Archive copy' handwritten in blue biro. Some pencilled annotations throughout.legatee event, tree planting, speech, frank doolan

An iconic image of a soldier, eyes raised to the sky, taken by photographer Jack Cato in 1932. He used the artist/entertainer Pat Hanna as a model in the photoshoot. Pat wrote down his experience in a moving two page document 'The Story Behind the Picture', it tells how he was moved to imagine the action in France when posing. The image is described as the portrait of a soldier, eyes raised to the sky. This portrait is a study which is called 'The spirit of Anzac' or 'The Digger'. Pat Hanna, said he tried to recreate the "look something between fear and defiance which we have all seen so often, and which will always remain in my memory as typical of our gallant old cobbers 'the Diggers'". A colour image is held in the AWM collection. The photo was stored with other items including a letter to Frank (possibly L/- Frank Doolan who was making an attempt to collect items relevant to Legacy's history for an official archive project - see items 01400 to 01404). Pat Hanna was an entertainer, comedian, artist and producer of reveues, plays and movies. One of his first revues was performed just after the armistice in France. His popular stage show was 'Diggers' that performed in many towns in Australia post-war and adapted into a film in 1931. He was born George Patrick Hanna, 18 March 1888 in Whitianga, New Zealand and served in the First World War, was a founding member of Melbourne Legacy and was involved with Legacy for many years.Pat Hanna was a founding member of Melbourne Legacy and an artist and producer. Legacy kept some of his works in the archive.Black and white photo of Pat Hanna as a 'Digger' and a two page recollection of the photoshoot with Jack Cato.Handwritten on photo 'Digger' in black ink in Pat Hanna's handwriting. Handwritten on reverse " 'The Digger', sometimes called 'The spirit of Anzac' / photo Jack Cato / model -Pat Hanna" in black ink. Typed on a paper note 'Spirit of Anzac / Pat Hanna'. Stamped with copyright of The Age in blue ink.hanna, solider, portrait

The wooden pattern is part of a set that are stored in a strong wooden crate. It was used at Briggs’ Brass Foundry for making sand casts. The traditional craft of sand casting is over 2000 years old. The handcrafted process produces brass and copper alloy goods that are well suited to marine use; bells, boat hooks, cowls, propellers, handles, lids, rowlocks, hooks, letters, bolts, rail holders, brackets, deck plates, flanges, rudder guides, portholes and covers. Briggs’ Bronze mixture is a copper-based alloy made from local ingots of copper, tin, zinc and lead in carefully measured quantities. The finished product is non-ferrous and can last indefinitely. The crate of patterns was donated by the Briggs family in the early years of Flagstaff Hill, along with other related items such as brassware, tools and machinery. The donated items were displayed in a simulated Brass Foundry in the Village along with other working crafts, trades and services found in a Maritime town. The items were on show from the completion of the building in 1986 until 1994 when the building was repurposed. The patterns represent the trades of foundering and metalwork, both supporting maritime industries such as shipwrights and boatbuilders. Farmers, manufacturers and other local industries also needed the castings made by foundries. The Brass Foundry included a historic Cornish chimney set up as a working model, to tell the story of smelted metal heated in furnaces then be poured into the sand moulds. This chimney was made from specially curved bricks and is now about two-thirds of its full height when originally located at the Grassmere Cheese factory. The craft of sand-casting from carved wooden patterns to create metal is an example of skills from the past that are still used today. The foundry pattern set is significant for its association with brass foundries locally and generally in coastal areas of Victoria. Marine industries such as ship and boat building rely on good quality castings for their machinery, equipment and fittings. Briggs Brass was especially formulated using non-ferrous metals to ensure their longevity. The patterns are associated with the long-running firm Briggs Brass Foundry that specialised in cast goods for the marine industry, ready to supply the needs for once-off or mass-produced items. Their products would have been fitted to sail and steam vessels along coastal Victoria including Warrnambool. Briggs Marine was also a bell-founder specialist and is also associated with the Schomberg Bell at Flagstaff Hill, having restored it to is former state as a fine example of the bell from a luxury migrant vessel from the mid-19th century. Pattern; rectangular wooden block made from laminated sections of wood painted black. A half-cylinder shape was carved into the long side, and a dowel shape was placed at the lower side. The pattern is part of a set of foundry patterns from Briggs Brass Foundry.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, briggs' bronze, traditional method, trade, sand cast, cast, brass alloy, copper alloy, pattern, mould, foundry, brass foundry, metal foundry, casting, sand mould, sand casting, marine equipment, marine tools, marine fittings, copper tin zinc lead, non-ferrous, non-corrosive, brassware, metalware, foundering, metalwork, maritime, bell founders, ship chandlers, marine products, biggs, briggs family, herbert harrison briggs, h h briggs, george edward briggs, cyril falkiner mckinnon briggs, cyril briggs, briggs & son brass foundry, h h briggs & sons foundry, briggs marine, alliance casting & engineering solutions, grassmere cheese factory, cornish chimney, curved bricks, collingwood, moorabbin, collingwood foundry, moorabbin foundry, 1912

The wooden pattern is part of a set that are stored in a strong wooden crate. It was used at Briggs’ Brass Foundry for making sand casts. The traditional craft of sand casting is over 2000 years old. The handcrafted process produces brass and copper alloy goods that are well suited to marine use; bells, boat hooks, cowls, propellers, handles, lids, rowlocks, hooks, letters, bolts, rail holders, brackets, deck plates, flanges, rudder guides, portholes and covers. Briggs’ Bronze mixture is a copper-based alloy made from local ingots of copper, tin, zinc and lead in carefully measured quantities. The finished product is non-ferrous and can last indefinitely. The crate of patterns was donated by the Briggs family in the early years of Flagstaff Hill, along with other related items such as brassware, tools and machinery. The donated items were displayed in a simulated Brass Foundry in the Village along with other working crafts, trades and services found in a Maritime town. The items were on show from the completion of the building in 1986 until 1994 when the building was repurposed. The patterns represent the trades of foundering and metalwork, both supporting maritime industries such as shipwrights and boatbuilders. Farmers, manufacturers and other local industries also needed the castings made by foundries. The Brass Foundry included a historic Cornish chimney set up as a working model, to tell the story of smelted metal heated in furnaces then be poured into the sand moulds. This chimney was made from specially curved bricks and is now about two-thirds of its full height when originally located at the Grassmere Cheese factory. The craft of sand-casting from carved wooden patterns to create metal is an example of skills from the past that are still used today. The foundry pattern set is significant for its association with brass foundries locally and generally in coastal areas of Victoria. Marine industries such as ship and boat building rely on good quality castings for their machinery, equipment and fittings. Briggs Brass was especially formulated using non-ferrous metals to ensure their longevity. The patterns are associated with the long-running firm Briggs Brass Foundry that specialised in cast goods for the marine industry, ready to supply the needs for once-off or mass-produced items. Their products would have been fitted to sail and steam vessels along coastal Victoria including Warrnambool. Briggs Marine was also a bell-founder specialist and is also associated with the Schomberg Bell at Flagstaff Hill, having restored it to is former state as a fine example of the bell from a luxury migrant vessel from the mid-19th century. Pattern; pair of U-shaped carved blocks, unpainted. The blocks have opposing metal pins and holes to hold them together. One block has a disc shape carved into the base. The pattern is part of a set of foundry patterns from Briggs Brass Foundry.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, briggs' bronze, traditional method, trade, sand cast, cast, brass alloy, copper alloy, pattern, mould, foundry, brass foundry, metal foundry, casting, sand mould, sand casting, marine equipment, marine tools, marine fittings, copper tin zinc lead, non-ferrous, non-corrosive, brassware, metalware, foundering, metalwork, maritime, bell founders, ship chandlers, marine products, biggs, briggs family, herbert harrison briggs, h h briggs, george edward briggs, cyril falkiner mckinnon briggs, cyril briggs, briggs & son brass foundry, h h briggs & sons foundry, briggs marine, alliance casting & engineering solutions, grassmere cheese factory, cornish chimney, curved bricks, collingwood, moorabbin, collingwood foundry, moorabbin foundry, 1912