Showing 486 items
matching earl of
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Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, 1920's
... the earl of stradbroke ...This postcard is contained in an album presented to the then Governor of Victoria, The Earl of Stradbroke, by the fathers of soldiers & returned soldiers of Phillip Island, on 16/02/1923. The history of the album is noted on Reg. No 85-00Postcard depicting Cowes Pier looking towards the town. Approx early 1920'sThe Rose Series P657. Cowes, from the pier, Phillip Is., Victorialocal history, photography, photographs, slides, film, cowes pier, sepia photograph, the fathers of soldiers and returned soldiers of phillip island, the earl of stradbroke, phillip island, victoria -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Sepia Photograph, 1920's
... earl of stradbroke ...This Album was presented to the Earl of Stradbroke by Fathers of Soldiers and Returned Soldiers 16.2.1995. Photo of Kitty Miller Bay, Cowes, Phillip Island, with portion of the Wreck of the Speke - wrecked 2/2/1906Album presented to the Earl of StradbrokeSepia Photograph of Kitty Miller Bay, Phillip Island, with portion of the Wreck of the Speke - wrecked 2/2/1906Rose Series P.3442 Kitty Miller's Bay, Cowes, Phillip Is., Vic.phillip island, wreck of the speke, earl of stradbroke, kitty miller bay -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Sepia Photograph, Rose Series, 1920
... earl of stradbroke ...Postcard photo showing rocks on the south side of Cape Woolamai, Phillip Island, Victoria. This formation was named Castle Rock. The Album was presented to the Earl of Stradbroke by Fathers of Soldiers of Phillip Island.Photograph of The Rocks at Cape Woolamai, Phillip Island, VictoriaRose Series P 3426 The Rocks, Cape Woolamai, Phillip Is., Vicphillip island, cape woolamai, earl of stradbroke, castle rock rock formation -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Sepia Photograph, 1920's
... earl of stradbroke ...This album was presented to the Earl of Stradbroke by the Fathers of Soldiers and Returned Soldiers 16/2/1923. Photo shows Cowes Pier looking north across the bay with Moonah trees and coastal vegetation in the foregroundPhotograph of Cowes Pier looking north across the bay with Moonah tree and other coastal vegetation in the foreground. Photo would have been taken from the Esplanade.Rose Series P 2788. The Pier, Cowes, Phillip Island, Vic.phillip island, cowes, pier, earl of stradbroke, moonah tree -
St Kilda Historical Society
Photograph, Earls Court, Upper Esplanade, St Kilda, c.1989
Prior to demolition Earls Court, displaying 'Whelan the Wrecker is here' signcolour photograph unmountedEarls Court. Whelan the wrecker is here. On back: Upper Esplanade is here. -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Equipment - Comptometer, J E Earl Pty Ltd, Bay Street, Port Melbourne, 1950s
This machine was given to Betty GODDARD, clerk in the office of Earl's, when the office technology was updated. She had used it herself but it was also a favourite of James Earl the younger, who did his calculations on it. Betty donated it to the Society in 1996. This was the only machine Jim EARL would use; converted by Burroughs in1966Comptometer, beige, used in the office at J.E. Earl's timber yard and ironmongers, Bay Street 1950s - 1970s. A comptometer was an early calculator.'Peacock Bros. Pty Ltd Sole Agents Business Systems':'Comptometer':Guaranteed made in Great Britainbusiness and traders - timber, james edward earl, beatrice (betty) goddard, j e earl pty ltd -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Mitcham soldiers monument, 1922
... earl of ...Mitcham soldiers monument unveiled by the state governor, the Earl of Stradbroke.Mitcham soldiers monument unveiled by the state governor, the Earl of Stradbroke. The monument was erected by the Mitcham Welcome Home Association in memory of those who served and lost their lives in World War I. The monument is a bugler looking towards the hills. A memorial service was held in Mitcham Memorial Hall afterwards, conducted by Rev. T. McKeon.Mitcham soldiers monument unveiled by the state governor, the Earl of Stradbroke.clubs and associations, mitcham returned servicemens league, stradbroke, earl of, mckeon, thomas (rev), mitcham memorial hall -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS NO. 3770 COLLECTION: CORRESPONDENCE
... Earl of Zetland Hotel East Collingwood ...Receipt from Court Industry, East Collingwood, dated 11 March 1872, for P.O. Order for 7/4 and four pence in stamps on account of Br. Edward Saunders. Has Court Industry, Collingwood A.O.F. 3006 impression stamp. Court Industry address was the Earl of Zetland Hotel, Stanley St, East Collingwood.societies, aof, correspondence, ancient order of foresters no. 3770 collection - correspondence, court king of the forest, edward saunders, willm evans, earl of zetland hotel east collingwood -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, Unveiling of the Memorial Cross in Surrey Gardens, 1921
... earl of stradbroke ...The Memorial Cross was unveiled by the Governor of Victoria, the Earl of Stradbroke on 11 September 1921. Norman Carter took many photos of Surrey Hills and Mont Albert from the 1920s; in particular of events and activities associated with the Church of England.Black and white photo of a large crowd gathered in part of Surrey Gardens. The Memorial Cross is the focus of the photo. The Surrey Shrine can be seen in the background.surrey gardens, monuments and memorials, surrey shrine, governors, earl of stradbroke, norman carter -
St Kilda Historical Society
Ephemera - Program, Farewell to the Countess of Stradbroke, 1926
... Governor Earl of Stradbroke ...Event on 23 March 1926 at St Kilda Town Hall to farewell the Countess of Stradbroke, Helena Violet Alice Fraser, the wife of the third Earl of Stradbroke, who the Governor of Victoria from 24 February 1921 to 7 April 1926.White paper printed on one side in blackgovernor earl of stradbroke, countess of stradbroke -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Colour Photograph/s, Earl Ewers, Nov. 1992
Yields information about the appearance of three Ballarat trams, owned by the BTM in front of the depot 1992.Colour photograph of the BTM depot from the south east perspective with horse tram on No. 7 road, 26, 27 and a SEC tram, 11.1992, photograph by Earl Ewers. Printed on Agfa paper. On rear in pencil in bottom left hand corner. "Earl R. Ewers / 11.1992 Ballarat"trams, tramways, depot, horse tram, tram 1, tram 26, tram 27 -
St Kilda Historical Society
Ephemera - Ticket, Reception of His Excellency the Governor and the Countess of Stradbroke, 1921
... Governor Earl of Stradbroke ...The third Earl of Stradbroke was Governor of Victoria from 24 February 1921 to 7 April 1926. The ticket was to an event at St Kilda Pier to welcome him and his wife upon their arrival in Victoria. They and their three children had entered Australia at Fremantle on 17 February 1921.Aqua coloured card with scalloped edges, printed on one side in blueStamped '31'governor earl of stradbroke -
Rutherglen Historical Society
Photograph - Image, 1941
Jim Parkin owned the butcher shop in Main Street for may years. The vehicle in this photograph is believed to be an Earl from the 1920s.One of 4 photographs, reprinted on a single sheet of photographic paper, of Jim Parkin's Butchers Shop & vehicles. Individual photos are identified on the back of the image. This one shows a man wearing a striped butcher's apron standing in front of a vehicle.Written on back of image: "Jim Parkin's Earl. 7/5/1941"parkin family, jim parkin, butchers, earl cars, automobiles -
Bayside Gallery - Bayside City Council Art & Heritage Collection
Photograph - sepia photograph, Edwin G. Adamson, City of Sandringham Celebrations, 21st March 1923, 1923
... earl of stradbroke ...On 21 March 1923, in the presence of 10,000 people, on the City Beach Oval, Sandringham was declared a City by the Earl of Stradbroke. Sandringham was originally part of the Shire of Moorabbin. On 28 February 1917, Sandringham was severed from Moorabbin and incorporated as the Borough of Sandringham. It was proclaimed a Town on 9 April 1919 and a City on 21 March 1923.councillor, sandringham, local government, municipality, mayor, cr. j.t.d. beck, city, proclamation, city of sandringham, lord stradbroke, lady stradbroke, mr. angelo bertotto, city beach oval, crowd, earl of stradbroke, governor, bayside -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Home Show Video (formerly J E Earl Hardware), Bay Street, Port Melbourne, David Thompson, 1996
J.E. Earl closed in the 1990s and was used as a video shop for several years before being rebuilt as shops and flats.One of five colour photographs of Port Melbourne streets: Homeshow Video, Bay Street - formerly J.E. Earlbay street, built environment - commercial, j e earl pty ltd, home show video -
Queenscliffe Maritime Museum
Equipment - Fire implements
... earl of charlemont ...The wreck site of the Earl of Charlemont is historically and archaeologically significant for the remains of its cargo and passengers' belongings from an international immigrant ship of the gold rush period, representing the cultural material being bought out to Australia in a typical immigrant ship. It is socially significant for the descendants of the many immigrants who made it ashore safely, and who have erected a memorial cairn to their forbears on Point Flinders.4 brass implements: fire poker, fire shovel handle, shaft and head of unknown implement, piece if fire tongs. 1 copper dumpship wrecks, earl of charlemont, fire implements -
Glen Eira Historical Society
Book - Royal Visit 1901 - HRH The Duke of Cornwall and York
... Earl of Hopetoun ...This file contains three items about the visit of Prince George Duke of Cornwall and York (later Prince of Wales, later Geroge V) to Victoria in 1901: 1/A book ‘Addresses to (His Royal Highness) HRH The Duke of Cornwall and York and to His Excellency the Governor-General the Earl of Hopetown from the Municipalities of Victoria' containing copies of the addresses from the municipalities to George and the Governor-General on the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the replies of George and the Governor General. The book also contains individual cards on each municipality, including the Shire of Caulfield. The cards contain information such as date of incorporation and population, and the signatures of the Mayors, Councillors and Town Clerks of the cities, towns and boroughs, and the signatures of the Presidents, Councillors and Secretaries of the Shires. The book also contains the signatures of the President, executive committee and secretary of the Municipal Association of Victoria. 2/A research note by Amy MacKintosh on the information on Caulfield Shire contained within the book. 3/A research note by Amy MacKintosh on the circumstances of George’s visit to Australia.royal visits, federation (1901), local government, caulfield, george v, george duke of cornwall and york, mary duchess of cornwall and york, earl of hopetoun, hope john earl of hopetoun, shire of caulfield, governor general, hopetoun, hopetoun lady, caulfield historical society, akhurst a. c., pennington harold, jowett f., slaney h., kirkham c. f., sharp t. c., riddell w. t. c., lempriere john t., wood f. g., bayston w. s., lloyd c., phillips r. l., long j. -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Metal Badge, Sailors and Soldier's Memorial Hall Badge South Melbourne, circa 1925
... the earl of stradbroke ...The Memorial Hall commemorates those who served in World Wars One and Two. The Hall was originally erected in memory of those who served in World War One. The foundation stone was laid in 1924 by the Governor of Victoria, The Earl of Stradbroke. The hall was opened on ANZAC Day 1925. On ANZAC Day 1952, a memorial stone was added to commemorate those who served in World War Two. The building is situated 14A Ferrars Place , South Melbourne.The badge was struck in the mid 1920's on the opening of the Sailor and soldier's Memorial Hall, South Melbourne.Brass Badge Red and White Enamel with clasp on backFront Sailors and Soldier's Memorial Hall South Melbourne Remembrance Hall Image on Front Back J.W.Purvis (badge makers)south melbourne, soldier, remembrance, hall, sailors and soldier's memorial hall, sailors, the earl of stradbroke, governor of victoria -
National Wool Museum
Certificate
Certificate - "Earl's Court, London, 1899. Greater Britain Exhibition. Diploma for Gold Medal"EARL'S COURT, LONDON, 1899. / GREATER BRITAIN EXHIBITION / DIPLOMA FOR GOLD MEDAL / AWARDED TO Mr H. Beggs / FOR Wool, Merino / BY THE LONDON EXHIBITIONS LIMITED. / [signature] / Director General. / [signature] / Chairman. / WEINERS LTD LONDON N.W.logo merino: sheep in australian art and design - exhibition (29/07/2000 - 04/02/2001), beggs, mr h. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - AUCTION CATALOGUE - LANCEWOOD HOUSE, 1949
Auction Catalogue. Two copies of an auction catalogue for antique furniture and furnishings at 'Lancewood House', McLaren St. Bendigo. Contents of 18 rooms. Auction held over 3 days, May 31 to June 2. 1949. Auctioneers Bishop & Earl and Curnows (Bendigo) Prop. F. C .Dyett. Home once owned by Ernest Mueller. Catalogue includes 4 B & W photos of 3 rooms. Copy 'a' - Handwritten in ink on the first page 'Lydia Chancellor, Taraxville, Golden Square. Selling prices written against most items. 5 press cuttings re the auction are loose inside front cover. Copy 'b' - selling prices typed in against most items.Bishop & Earl, Curnows ( Bendigo)cottage, miners, lancewood house, auction, ernst mueller, bishop & earl, curnows (bendigo), lydia chancellor -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Clare Gervasoni, Material relating to the Visit of HRH The Prince Edward to Federation University Mt Helen Campus, 2018, 08/04/2018
... earl of wessex ...Visit of HRH The Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex KG GCVO to Federation University Mt Helen Campus. Prince Edward is Chair of the Trustees of the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Foundation. .1) Order of Proceedings .2) Table settings 3.) Overview (Vice Chancellor Helen Bartlett, Chancellor Paul Hemming, Tammy Gilson Wadawurrung, Dara Twomey, Caleb Myers, Mt Helen Campus, Sports science Centre, Arts Academy, Tree of knowledge) .4) Table name cards .5) Invitations .6) Menuprince edward, earl of wessex, royal visitor, federation university, wudawurrung, helen bartlett, paul hemming, tammy gilson, dara twomey, caleb myers, mt helen campus, sports science centre, arts academy, tree of knowledge, clare gervasoni, steve davies -
Lilydale RSL Sub Branch
Book, Field-Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis, The Alexander Memoirs 1940-1945, 1962
... Field-Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis ...Book -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, 20/02/1923
This postcard is contained in an album presented to the then Governor of Victoria, The Earl of Stradbroke, by the fathers of soldiers & returned soldiers of Phillip Island, on 16/02/1923. The history of the album is noted on Reg. No 85-00Photograph of unveiling of Cairn at Rhyll to commemorate the discovery of Western Port by George Bass. it was unveiled by the Earl of Stradbroke on 20th February, 1923local history, photography, photographs, slides, film, cairn, rhyll, george bass, western port, sepia photograph, broadwater guest house, mrs florence oswin roberts -
Warrnambool RSL Sub Branch
Book, WITH THE GREATEST RESPECT. The Private Lives of Earl Mountbatten and Prince & Princess Michael of Kent
... WITH THE GREATEST RESPECT. The Private Lives of Earl ...Hard Cover with dust cover Authors' names, ' John Barratt with Jean Ritchie' on dust coverPublisher: Sidgwick & Jackson Limited London: 1991earl mounbatten. prince and princess michael of kent -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Colour Print/s - set of 9, Earl Ewers, 6/10/2011 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about BTM activities, AGM and repainting of No. 33.Set of nine coloured photographs taken by Earl Ewers Oct. 2011. .1 - No. 18 at St Aidans Drive - 6-10-11 .2 - ditto at Depot Junction .3 - No. 33 being prepared for repainting - Alan Snowball .4 - ditto .5 - BTM AGM - 38 at Gardens Loop 23-10-2011 with Richard Gilbert and Graeme Cleak in the view. .6 - as for .3 .7 - BTM AGM - Richard Gilbert speaking, with Peter Winspur, Greg Rodgers, Carolyn Cleak. .8 - ditto .9 - BTM AGM - 38 at Gardens Loop, with Austin Brehaut.Earl has written captions on the rear of the photograph in green ink.trams, tramways, btm, agm, repainting, tram 18, tram 33, tram 38 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MASONIC SOCIETY EVENTS (VARIOUS): INSTALLATION OF GRAND MASTER, 26th March, 1924
... His Excellency Colonel the Right Honorable The Earl of ...Pale green booklet with dark blue printing and dark blue ribbon on the left titled Installation of M. W. Bro. His Excellency Colonel The Right Honorable The Earl of Stradbroke K.C.M.G., C.B., G.V.O., C.B.E. as Grand Master of The United Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Victoria. Town Hall, Melbourne. 26th March, 1924. Title printed in dark blue with fancy gold border. Above the titled is a blue, white red and yellow emblem, divided into four, with five white stars between. In the top left is three lions, top right is the Southern Cross, below it is a rearing lion and the bottom left is a harp. Above the emblem is a symbol. Contents include Grand Officers 1924 - 25, Order of Procedure, Installation Ceremony, Board of General Purposes 1924 - 25 and the Board of Benebolence 1924 - 25. Printed by Osboldstone & Co. Pty. Ltd., Printers, Melbourne.Osboldstone & Co. Pty. Ltd,. Printers Melbourneclubs, social, installation and investiture of officers, masonic society events (various) - installation of m w bro his excellency colonel the right honorable the earl of stradbroke, frederick thomas hickford, william player bice, w kemp, w g pearse, canon f w wray, rev t b reed, d h mcdonald, w j byrne, k n trenery, j h terrill, w stewart, l evans, h g swindells, j g mcnicholl, e h collett, h d hirst, j n peters, f g h ritchie, a e ringwood, g a pethard, f j davies, a bennett, g c jury, j f sorensen, j a fraser, j a lording, a r hunt, j h pollard, j g gogoll, j t riley, m c nuttall, a j dean, c e murfett, r e lewis, a darroch, j a curtis, h abbott, j a mcmillan, l p lancashire, a l smith, a albert, j phillips, t brown, t hatton, l l williams, geo e emery -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Calendar
This calendar has been distributed as a advertising item for Earl’s agricultural machinery and oil depot. The business was situated at the corner of Lava and Kepler Streets in Warrnambool. The name, Acmino’ stood for Allis-Chalmers, Mitchell’s Implements, Neptune Oils’. Distributing calendars at Christmas time for the following year was, and still is, a popular advertising tool for businesses. This calendar is of minor interest as an example of the use made by businesses in the 1940s of calendars as advertising tools. It also has a local Warrnambool connection, the agricultural machinery business of F. Earl. This is a 1946 calendar with a buff-coloured sheet of crinkled paper with a brown border. It has a coloured photograph of two men droving cattle near a river and it ispasted on to the paper with a brown border around the photograph. The calendar for 1946 is printed on to the paper and also in monthly sheets pasted on to the paper on top of each other. The printing on the calendar is brown. On the back of the calendar is written in black ink, ‘French Bros’. The calendar has a red piece of string at the top for hanging the calendar up on a wall or cupboard. The calendar is torn at the edges and somewhat stained.‘With Compliments from the “Acmino” House, F.Earl (Prop.)Warrnambool Phone 484 Private 75’ ‘Allis-Chalmers Tractors Mitchell’s Implements Neptune Oils’ ‘Sales, Service and Satisfaction Guaranteed’ ‘French Bros’ ‘acmino’ house, warrnambool, f. earl, history of warrnambool -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book - Literary Work, Benjamin Disraeli, Contarini Fleming: A Psychological Romance, 1871
... Earl of Beaconsfield ...This book contains two novels by Benjamin Disraeli; Contarini Fleming was published anonymously in 1832 and was one of four novels written by Benjamin Disraeli. The other novel in this book is The Rise of Iskander. Benjamin Disraeli (1801-1881) was a politician, who wrote novels, was the prime minister (twice) of the United Kingdom, and was the only Jewish-born Prime Minister. He became a close friend to Queen Victoria, who entitled him to 1st Earl of Beaconsfield. The book is part of Flagstaff Hill's Pattison Collection, a large group of books and records, some of which are rare and valuable. The collection was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute, which was founded in 1853 and is named after Warrnambool's Public Librarian, Ralph Pattison. The publisher firm Longmans, Green & Co. was founded in 1724 in London by Thomas Longman under the name Longman. In August of that year, he bought the two shops and goods of William Taylor and set up his publishing house there at 39 Paternoster Row. The shops were called Black Swan and Ship, and it is said that the 'ship' sign was the inspiration for Longman's Logo. After many changes of name and management, the firm was incorporated in 1926 as Longmans, Green & Co. Pty Ltd. The firm was acquired by Pearson in 1968 and was known as Pearson Longman or Pearson PLC.This book containing two novels was written by Benjamin Disraeli, who went on to become the Prime Minister of Britain twice. It is an example of a novel of the Victorian era. The book is important for its connection with the London publisher Longmans, Green & Co. The firm has been established for over two centuries and is renowned for publishing encyclopedias, dictionaries, books on English grammar, textbooks, poetry, reference books, novels, magazines and more. The book has additional importance for its connection to the Pattison Collection, which, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institutes’ Collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and its important role in people's intellectual, cultural and social development throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance.Contarini Fleming: A Psychological Romance - and - The Rise of Iskander Author: Benjamin Disraeli (Right Honourable B. Disraeli) Publisher: Longmans Green & Co., London Date: 1871 (new edition) Black cloth hardcover book with embossed gold text on the spine. Inscriptions include stickers, stamps and handwriting. This book is part of the Pattison Collection.Label on spint: " PAT FIC DIS" Sticker on endpaper: "Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library" covered by a sticker, "Corangamite Regional Library Service / Warrnambool City Library / Pattison Collection" Stamp on flyleaf: "Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library" Stamp on flypaper: "Corangamite Regional Library Service / Warrnambool City Library" Handwriting on flypaper: "1022" "REG NO X49" 8302" flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, pattison collection, ralph eric pattison, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, mechanics’ institute library, warrnambool library, free library, corangamite regional library service, longmans green and co. london, benjamin disraeli, queen victoria's friend, longmans green & co, earl of beaconsfield, british politician, british prime minister, contarini fleming, psychological romance, the rise of iskander, right honourable b. disraeli, 1871 -
Federation University Art Collection
Lithograph, 'Kite' by Earl Ingleby
Earl INGELBY (1939- ) After training at RMIT in 1960s, Earl Ingleby worked and undertook further training in Europe before returning to Australia in late 1969. He currently lives and works in Creswick, Victoria. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007. Three framed lithographs featuring birds by Earl Inglby. The works are printedby J.A. Hoskin and Son. .1) Kingfisher .2) Kite .3) of a group of 3 framed lithographs. This work depicts a Kite. Gift in memory of Dr Janis Fraillon, Creswick 1990-2002Lower edge "5/50 Kite Litho E. Ingleby"art, artwork, earl ingleby, kite, bird, available, fauna -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Certificate, Certificate and letter from the Wallop Family in Burwood to Don and Pat Talbot in Toowoomba 2001
Certificate and letter between members of the Wallop family in an attempt to find out if the Harker /Wilson Archie and Ruby , are related to them and the Earl of Portsmouth. Ruby is the connection with the Wieland Family.Original scroll pertaining to the Earl of Portsmouth in England, and a printed photocopy. Letter on blue airmail paper with family tree. Tha aim is to find a connection with this family and the Harked / Wilson part of the Wieland Family. All contained within PostPak cyclinder.