Showing 161 items
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Anglesea and District Historical Society
Mincer/Sausage Maker, Estimated 1870-1910
LOVELOCK LONDON 3 Metal Sausage Maker with white enamel lining throughout - open funnel on top of circular middle section which opens up to show metal grinding equipment - and circular opening at front - long metal handle for turning grinder has wooden end."LONDON LOVELOCK 3" on top of main cylindermin -
Greensborough Historical Society
Poster, Victoria. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Site identification mini poster (#1-2, 4-6, 8-10, 13-14), 2002
This set produced by the Victorian Department of Natural Resources and Environ met and Aboriginal Affairs Victoria. Mini poster 1: Aboriginal scarred trees; 2 Aboriginal mounds; [3 missing]; 4 Aboriginal flaked stone tools; 5 Aboriginal burials; 6 Aboriginal surface scatters; [7 missing]; 8 Aboriginal ground-edge axes; 9 Aboriginal grinding stones; 10 Aboriginal stone arrangements; [11 missing]; 12 Aboriginal axe-grinding grooves; 13 Aboriginal coastal shell middens; 14 Aboriginal rock art.11 parts of incomplete set, each two sided, text and photographsaborigines - victoria, aboriginal affairs victoria -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, 1880c
Taking the Bar, 1876 woodcut of original entrance, with paddle steamer 'Lady of the Lake' and pilot boat grinding through rough conditions, can see Roadknight's Jetty, they lived at Merrangbaur, is aboriginal for home of lyrebirds.Colour photograph of a painting of a ship being towed over the natural entrance to the Gippsland Lakes. Red Bluff in background, Roadknight Jetty glimpsed through the natural vegetation. Lakes Entrance VictoriaTaking the Bar from Roadknights Jettyjetties, public works -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Copper collection tin
These tins were used to take up collection of money from the public by the operators of street organs. These wheeled mechanical organs used to be trundled around the streets of the Netherlands stopping at intervals to grind out some tunes.Brought out to Australia by Dutch migrants as a reminder of their heritage. Oval tin, copper with soldered sides and half lid. D-shaped handle at one end.street organ, collection tin, dutch migration -
National Wool Museum
Advertising Sign, 'Hearlcrowne Brand' Emery Fillet
Advertising display card for "Hearlcrowne Brand" Emery Fillet, produced by Hearl Heaton & Sons Ltd, Crown Steel Works, Liversedge, Yorkshire. Posssibly sold by DALGETY MERCHANDISE for use in shearing sheds for grinding tools'HEARLCROWNE BRAND' / EMERY FILLET / [further text follows]shearing machinery, shearing sheds, hearl heaton and sons ltd dalgety and company limited, emery, shearing -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Manufactured Glass, Pharmacy mortar and pestle, 20thC
The mortar is a bowl, typically made of hard wood, ceramic or stone. The pestle is a heavy club-shaped object, the end of which is used for crushing and grinding. The substance to be ground is placed in the mortar and ground, crushed or mixed with the pestle. The mortar and pestle is usually utilised when cooking and when crushing ingredients for a certain drug in pharmacies. For pharmaceutical use, the mortar and the head of the pestle are usually made of porcelain, while the handle of the pestle is made of wood. This is known as a Wedgwood mortar and pestle and originated in 1779Glass mortars and pestles are fragile, but stain-resistant and suitable for use with liquids. However, they do not grind as finely as the ceramic type The mortar is a thick clear glass bowl and the pestle is a solid clear glass club-shaped tool used by pharmacists for crushing tablets to a finer powder or mixing liquids pharmacy, mortar & pestle, medications, medicines, glass manufacturing, glass works, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Tool - INDIGENOUS STONE TOOL COLLECTION: CUTTING, SCRAPING STONE
Dark grey cutting stone. Number '5' on stone. Stone is dome shaped with sharp, knapped end. Interpretive sign found with stone reads ' Stone age implements, exhibits Nos 1 - 5, found near Strathfieldsaye, Victoria. Used by the aborigines of the Campaspe area to grind the seeds of plants into a flour'first people, dja dja wurrung, bendigo, campaspe -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Manufactured Glass, Pharmacy mortar & pestle, 20thC
The mortar is a bowl, typically made of hard wood, ceramic or stone. The pestle is a heavy club-shaped object, the end of which is used for crushing and grinding. The substance to be ground is placed in the mortar and ground, crushed or mixed with the pestle. The mortar and pestle is usually utilised when cooking and when crushing ingredients for a certain drug in pharmacies. For pharmaceutical use, the mortar and the head of the pestle are usually made of porcelain, while the handle of the pestle is made of wood. This is known as a Wedgwood mortar and pestle and originated in 1779. Glass mortars and pestles are fragile, but stain-resistant and suitable for use with liquids. However, they do not grind as finely as the ceramic type The mortar is a thick clear glass bowl and the pestle is a solid clear glass club-shaped tool for crushing tablets to a finer powder or mixing liquids by a pharmacist.pharmacy, mortar & pestle, medications, medicines, glass manufacturing, glass works, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham -
Dutch Australian Heritage Centre Victoria
Coffee grinder (koffiemolen), Circa 1950
Brought to Australia in the 1950s by Dutch migrants. These coffee grinders were in common use in the 1940s amd 1950s as an altrrnative to wall-mounted coffee grinders. They were operated by clamping the grinder between one' knees. The drinking of coffee is a highly social ritual among Dutch people. They brought this ritual with nthem to Australia as is evidenced by the number of coffee grinders and other coffee psraphernalia donated to the DAHC.Coffee grinder, wooden body, metal top. Wooden drawer in bottom, metal contaner for ground coffee. Metal top has circular raised section which has an opening with sliding lid to put in coffee beans. Metal handle with wooden knob in centre of top, connects with grinding mechanism inside metal top. Pe De on front above drawer.coffee grinder, kitchen ware -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Newsletter, Newsletter, No. 209 March 2013
Contents: • Next meeting, guest speaker; Jane Woollard: Laughing Waters Stories • Laughing Waters Stories • Annual General Meeting • March Excursion – Karingal Yallock Creek Walk • The Old Grinding Stone • Safe in the Courthouse • School Days • And Also The Shire of Eltham Historical Society was formed in October 1967. The first newsletter of the Society was issued May 1978 and has been published continuously ever since on a bi-monthly basis. With the cessation of the Shire of Eltham in late 1994, the Society's name was revised to Eltham District Historical Society and this name first appeared with issue No. 103, July 1995. The collection of the Society's newsletters provides a valuable resource on the history of the Society's activities, office bearers and committee members, guest speakers and subjects of historical interest pertinent to the former Shire of Eltham and the Eltham District.A4 photocopied newsletter distributed to membersnewsletter, eltham district historical society, shire of eltham historical society -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Illustration/s, Windsor Publications, Melbourne grinder No. 1, c1970
Large print illustration of No. 1 Reciprocating Grinder, grinding the curves of the new St. Kilda Junction, for the Wellington St. bypass, Oct. 1968. Print published by Windsor Publications as their No. 10 of a series. Tower Hotel in the background. Printed on heavy cardboard with a gloss sheet. See "Time-line history of Melbourne's Government, Cable and Electric Trams and Buses".trams, tramways, melbourne, reciprocating grinder, st kilda junction, windsor publications -
Federation University Historical Collection
Ethnographic Material, Stone grinding/sharpening tool
Stone grinding/sharpening tool with 'bump' which could be used as a handle. Evidence of wear due to sharpening on both sides of the stone. The rock is calcite cemented quartz sandstone; it is sedimentary quartzite with a granular appearance. It has a soft matrix, and is pale, indicating its calcite nature, as well as dissolved pits. Its origin is from dry land soils and dunes. aboriginal, stone, tool, archaeology, stone tools, sandstone, quartzite, calcite -
Greensborough Historical Society
Newspaper Clipping, Diamond Valley Leader, Perk hour traffic, 30/08/2017
A storm in a coffee cup is brewing on busy Diamond Creek Road. Every time a motorist stops for a morning caffeine fix, six lanes of traffic grind to a standstill. Sensors installed at St Sava Serbian Church trigger traffic lights which allow the car in the carpark to enter traffic.News article 1 page, black text.greensborough, coffee stop, diamond creek road, nillumbik council, st sava serbian orthodox church -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Specification, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Austral Otis Rail Grinding Machine", July 1929
Document - letters and comments and suggestions for a tender specification for the Austral Otis grinding machine from Chief Engineer MMTB to A G Wray Engineer for Tramways, NSW Govt Tramways. The grinder was used to remove corrugations from the rail head. Includes comments about the performance of a similar machine in Melbourne. Dated July 1929.Yields information the performance of the Melbourne rail grinders - 1929 Document or memo - 6 typed foolscap sheets and 3 quarto typed letters.tramways, mmtb, track work, track maintenance, rail grinding, specifications, sydney -
Yarrawonga and Mulwala Pioneer Museum
Grain Grister, 1925
grinding grainWooden delivery /storage box on top of metal Grister with three cogs and flywheel [approx. 30 cm diameter] and metal grinding cylinders [rollers] with horizontal grooved lines all around .This is bolted to a wooden stand [painted green] which has a wooden box to receive the crushed grain Rollers are adjustable .Machine driven by flat leather belt on a pulley from a small stationary engine Metal plaque attached to top of delivery box. J Buncle Parkside Ironworks North Melbournegrain, grister, farming, machinery -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Instruction, Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB), "Wheel Grinders Runningsheds and Wheel Grinder Procedure", May. 1970
Instruction - 4 pages - duplicated foolscap sheets - headed "MMTB Engineering Department - Workshops and Running Shed Branch" - titled "Wheel Grinders Runningsheds and Wheel Grinder Procedure" Details duties of workmen who undertook wheel grinding, training, procedures, preparation, procedure, cutting out of motors, wheel gauges, flanges and notes procedures for trams 750, 751 and 980. Dated May 1970.trams, tramways, depot, safety, workshops, pitmen, instructions, procedures, wheels -
Harcourt Valley Heritage & Tourist Centre
Quern, Between 1880-1920
This quern was made from Harcourt granite. Querns were used for grinding wheat into flour. (Wooden handles missing from this catalogued object).It was most likely made on Mount Alexander, in spare time, by a quarry worker using his employer’s gang saw and other tools. Wheat is not now grown in Harcourt district . Early settlers engaged in cropping until they exhausted the fertility of the soil. This quern was utilized by a local pioneer who intended to be self-sufficient to the extent of grinding his own grain into flour.. Many local farmers sowed wheat immediately after clearing the land: raising of a wheat crop was evidence of use and improvement which, along with fencing and erecting other structures, was part of the mandatory steps to prove occupancy as a prelude to obtaining a Crown Grant for what had previously been deemed ‘crown land'The quern is of interest as a symbol of the desire for self-sufficiency and as a demonstration of the extent to which granite could be worked and shaped by masonry tools. Quern, granite, square slab with raised metal centre shaft and one rounded piece of granite with off-centre hole and side ridges. -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Functional object - Education, 3 ink wells, c1800 -1900
a) 1 common, clear glass ink bottle with 'burst-off' straight finished neck and a groove on two sides upon which a pen would rest. There are variations of this largely English-made style glass inkwell made in cup base moulds. Cursory grinding smoothed out the sharpness of the rim. b) 2 cylindrical, plain, pottery inkwells These three inkwells were commonly used in homes, schools and Churches by pioneer settlers in Moorabbin Shire c1880 -1900 2 cylindrical pottery inkwells and 1 square, clear glass inkwell with a distinctive groove on 2 sides to rest a pen c 1800 - 1900education, inkwells, pottery, glasswork, craftwork, moorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers -
Bunjil Park Aboriginal Education & Cultural Centre
grinding stone, Double sided grinding stone with multiple hollows
Grindstones like this were not carried but hidden in special places with subtle indicators known only to the same tribe or nation. The small and deep nature of the pits suggests this rock may have been used for ochre with the smaller pits being used for water or fat to mix with the pigments. The very hard and dense nature of the rock means materials would not be contaminated during the grinding process.This rock is likely to be very old and is potentially significant from ceremonial perspective. Stones like this have been known to be passed on through multiple generations and been in use for hundreds and possibly thousands of years.This grindstone has hollows on both sides. One large hollow on one side measures approximately 7 cm across and 2 cm deep. The opposite side is distinguished by 3 pits, one large (5 cm wide by 3 cm deep) and two small indentations 2cm by 1cm. The hollows have been chipped and smoothed. The base rock is in the shape of a flattened and slightly elongated sphere, it appears to have been water worn.The side with three pits also bears recent scratches believed to be cut by a disk plough. It also appears to have a capital "W" inscribed in the largest pit.jaara, hidden, grindstone, ochre, quartzite, multiple hollows, pits, aboriginal food and art -
Federation University Historical Collection
Stone tools, Aboriginal stone axe blank and grinding stone
(.1) Stone axe blank of Western Australian origin, found at Hill View Station. The tertiary rock is quartzite, a metamorphosed igneous rock, and has a red, or iron oxide colour. (.2) An oval grinding stone of Western Australian origin, found at Hill View Station. The rock is metamorphosed igneous rock, potentially greenstone. One surface has evidence of a rough depression, possibly made in preparation for sharpening of a tool or similar.aboriginal, stone, tool, archaeology, stone tools, western australia, hill view station, quartzite, grinding stone, grind stone, greenstone, stone axe, stone axe blank, blank -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Drill Bit, Circa 1950
This is the cutting bit on the end of a drilling rod. It would have been used to drill holes into rock for placing explosives, for installing steel rock anchors, etc. In hard rock the bits need to be replaced regularly. Compressed air is blown through the holes near the tip of the bit to blow rock fragments out of the drill hole. The main drilling unit would have been powered by compressed air (Pneumatic). Rotary Air Blast Drilling. This drill bit was used by workers in the SEC Vic. Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme. This type of bit although strong needed replacing frequently when the rock composition (type of rock) was extremely compact. The configuration of the tip bit (four star like pattern) was to provide the "teeth" to tear into the rock. This bit was manufactured in 1949 however drilling for rock cores, in the Kiewa Valley and the Victorian Alps, was carried out from the late 1920's.This particular drill bit would have been used by construction workers to drill holes into rock for either explosives or for installing steel anchor points into the rock. The use of compressed air was not only for waste extraction but also for running the main drilling unit.This four star rotary air balst (RAB) drill bit has a central "blow" hole (compressed air outlet to remove the ground rock particles through four extraction holes). There are four raised cutting/grinding lugs which allows the air compression hole(incoming) to always have a clear unblock opening. Extracted ground material is "blown" out from the drill head via the larger hole created by the steel bit.Stamped on the bottom outside shank "FAGERSTA SECO SWEDEN" and below this "102 7041 01 05 049".sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, drilling into rocks in alpine regions -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Document - Folder with papers, Railway Track-work Company and Clementine and Thompson and Mercer Sts and Philadelphia and Pennsylvania USA. and Perrot and Adams Ltd, "Railway Track Equipment - Track Grinding Machines, Welding and Bonding Machines - Bonds, Welding Steel, Grinding Wheels and Blocks", 1920's?
Yields information about the type and presentation of books or information folders that were sent to the Electric Supply Company of Victoria about tramway products available on the market and the company the produced them.Folder with 24 pages of advertising pamphlets bound into it with two metal clip binders advertising products available from the Railway Track-Work Company and titled ""Railway Track Equipment - Track Grinding Machines, Welding and Bonding Machines - Bonds, Welding Steel, Grinding Wheels and Blocks". Has brochures or pamphlets for: . The Universal Rotary Track Grinder . Reciprocating Track Grinder . The Atlas Rail Grinder . The Ajax Electric Arc welders .Vertical Rail Lifter . The Jackson Electric Tie Tamper. Generally the lead page of each pamphlet has been imaged. Provides a description of each item, along with method of operation and parts listing generally. The folder has on a number of pages and the back cover, a sticker from Frank R. Perrot (Now Perrot and Adams Ltd), Machinery Merchant of 394 Kent St Sydney. Railway Track-work Company , Clementine, Thompson and Mercer Sts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA. For a full scan of the document see the hi res file.Numerous: Front cover sticky label "1620" in top left hand corner, "Mr Pringle" on front cover and stamp with words "Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 10" in ink on front cover. Inside front cover has a pencil note, behind the crease in the bottom right hand corner. On the first pamphlet "Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 10" in ink on top right hand corner. On parts page for the Reciprocating Track Grinder has the "Perrot and Adam Ltd" company stamp.trams, tramways, trackwork, equipment, rails -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Textile - FLOUR BAG COLLECTION: GRIMSBY ROLLER MILL, BENDIGO, 1900-1950
Textiles. Calico flour bag printed on one side in red "GRIMSBY ROLLER FLOUR MILLS, STEWART SCOTT & CO CRYSTALS, BENDIGO''. In centre is a crown. Remnants of black cotton stitching along top opening. The two-story section of this mill was built in about 1873 with grinding stones. In 1887 the owners Stewart and Scott purchased new roller machinery and built a four-storey building to house it. The new building was designed by Architects Beebe and Son.textiles, domestic, grimsby roller mill bendigo flour bag -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Newspaper, The Age, “Satisfied customers”, 30/07/2019 12:00:00 AM
Newspaper clippings titled: “Satisfied customers” Newspaper clipping from the Age 30/7/2019 Letters section Positive feedback from tram user on Bridge Rd tram to city. Commented on the driver's interaction with passengers and how it made for a pleasant journey. Driver was identified as "Bruce from Think Tank". See pervious article at: https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/melbournes-happiest-tram-driver-brings-joy-and-connection-to-the-daily-grind-20160123-gmclcl.htmltrams, tramways, public transport, bridge rd, drivers, melbourne, behaviour -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Newsletter, Newsletter, No. 214 January 2014
Contents: • New Newsletter Format • 2013 Eltham Festival • The Grinding Wheel • Next Meeting • Heritage Excursion • February Meeting • Book Launch – A History of Saint Margaret’s Church Eltham • Annual General Meeting • 2014 Program • Research Sate School; the missing Honour Board by Jim Allen • From Mount Morenzie to Milparinka by Maureen Jones • Incorporation Matters • A Pleas from Harry Gilham • And Also • Contacts for the Eltham District Historical Society The Shire of Eltham Historical Society was formed in October 1967. The first newsletter of the Society was issued May 1978 and has been published continuously ever since on a bi-monthly basis. With the cessation of the Shire of Eltham in late 1994, the Society's name was revised to Eltham District Historical Society and this name first appeared with issue No. 103, July 1995. The collection of the Society's newsletters provides a valuable resource on the history of the Society's activities, office bearers and committee members, guest speakers and subjects of historical interest pertinent to the former Shire of Eltham and the Eltham District.A4 photocopied newsletter distributed to membersnewsletter, eltham district historical society, shire of eltham historical society -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Ballarat School of Mines, Student Magazine, Second Term, 1911, 1911
Table of Contents: Editorial, A hydro-electric scheme for Tasmania, Ore crushing and re-grinding, Dust breathing, Cyanide practice, Mr James Oddie, Mining, The estimation of caustic lime, Some geographical features of Ballarat, Art school notes, Chemical notes and abstracts, Mica and mica compounds used in Dynamo Insulation, Rock drills, News and notes, Correspondence, Sports, Past students, Editorial notes, Procession and theatre party, Answers to correspondents. Images.Booklet of 26 Pages.hydro-electric scheme for tasmania, ore crushing and re-grinding, dust breathing, cyanide practice, james oddie, mining, estimation of caustic lime, geographical features of ballarat, art school notes, mica and mica compounds used in dynamo insulation, rock drills, alumni, j. andrew wauchope, wilfred b. avery, f. brinsden, b. h. bennets, e. bieske, j. r. booth, a. s. coyte, h. b. cooke, t. a. cooper, t. e. copeland, leslie coulter, j. dickinson, g. h. davenport, w. e. eyres, e. frazer, w. e. figgis, g. govett, j. a. grant, e. gregory, a. a. gibson, w. gelard, e. c. hurdsfield, o. e. jager, oliver jaeger, herbert a. krause, w. kingston, h. r. kofoed, f. a. marriot, h. s. martin, d. mcdougall, c. w. nash, j. a. reid, s. h. sheppard, j. sutherland, w. t. sayer, g. sides, e. trend, rupert m. vaughan, s. b. vial, c. h. bale, o. c. witherden, e. m. weston, l. a. westcott, j. watson, j. worthington, william baragwanath, c. c. corrie, r. g. walker, g. g. sams, r. a. j. roberts, r. blight, j. cornell, v. booth, l. johnson, f. retallack, r. tinworth, r. roberts, h. whittingham, frederick j. martell -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - B&W print of donated negative - set of 5, State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), c1936
Yields information about the installation of the wheel grinder in the Ballarat depot during the 1935/1936 rehabilitationSet of 5 Black and white photo prints from collected negatives of under floor wheel grinder at the SEC Ballarat depot building, during refurbishment by the SEC during the mid 1930's. 1353.1 - General arrangement of grinding wheels, jacks, moving rails, motor control, switch and wall mounted resistor grids. 1353.2 - Close up of the grinding wheels, jacks and moving rails. 1353.3 - view looking along the pit, showing the drive motors, belts and switches 1353.4 - view looking along the pit with the outside pit covers in place and rails in place. 1353.5 - similar to 1353.1 - but showing motors and drive belts, but not wall mounted equipment. See Reg Item 3806 for a photograph of the grinder in use. Copy 2 - of all above photos - large format prints (203H x 253W) - added 28/7/2007, ex Alan Bradley holding of prints, received 5/2007. See also Reg Item 3906 for a mounted set of these photographs. Negatives scanned at 3200dpi and images updated 14/5/2020.tramways, trams, wendouree parade, sec depot, rehabilitation, wheel grinder -
Orbost & District Historical Society
axe head
Inspected by archaeologist, Joanna Freslov on 2.6.2008. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt.This is able to withstand repeated impact, and and so was suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rock. The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were some of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This artefact is an exaample of the stone tools that Aboriginal people used.A dark stone handmade Aboriginal axe head.aboriginal axe-head stone-artefacts tool -
Orbost & District Historical Society
axe head
Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008. -unusual axe head. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt. This axe would able to withstand repeated impact. The stone would have been dug or found and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rock. Ground-edge tools could be held in the hand, or fashioned to be fixed onto a haft or handle.The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This stone axe head is an example of a ground-edge tool used by the early Indigenous people in Eastern Australia.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head.aboriginal tool aboriginal stone-artefact -
Orbost & District Historical Society
axe head
Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basaltwhich is able to withstand repeated impact, and is suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rockThe necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This axe head is an example of an early stone tool used by the Indigenous people of Eastern Australia.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head.aboriginal tool stone-artefact axe-head