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Ballarat Tramway Museum
photograph - Set of 3 Black & White - ESCo trams Bendigo - Easter, Peter Duckett, c1947
Set of three photographs of early Bendigo trams photographed by Peter Duckett, Easter Monday 1946 or 1947 1 - Bendigo 18 - note the white disc held by a crew member. View St at Charing Cross. Tram has the destination of City. 2 - Original car No. 9 (in final form) and open bench car, either 17 or 18, probably at Ironbark Gully loop. Tram has destination of Quarry Hill. 3 - Original ESCo cars - Charing Cross.Yields information about Bendigo trams during Easter 1946 or 1947Set of three black and white photographs by Peter Duckett.Details the image on the rear of the print in ink.bendigo, tramcars, esco, bendigo tramways, tram 18, tram 9, charing cross, easter -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Peter Pidgeon, White Cloud Cottage, 701 Main Road, Eltham, 2 Aug. 2022
Jarrold Cottage built c.1853, also known as 'White Cloud", located at 701 Main Road, Eltham, opposite Dalton Street. The house remains intact and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Database and considered historically significant to the Shire of Nillumbik. The cottage was originally located closer to the Diamond Creek but was subject to flooding. It was dragged by horse to the present site shown, which was chosen for the higher ground that had been created as a result of land fill being deposited here from the quarry further around the bend on Main Road (site of present-day Eltham Primary School carpark) where the stone had been quarried for building the State School in Dalton Street. It had previously been rented for use as a Police Station / residence prior to the building of the permanent police house and station at the corner of Maria and Brougham streets in 1859. The cottage was purchased by Lena Skipper after the death of Thekla Jarrold in 1943 and remains in the family to present day (2022). Part of a presentation by Peter Pidgeon to the Society, 13 August 2022 showcasing a series of photographs taken by John Henry Clark over the period 1895 to 1930.Born Digitaleltham, dalton street, main road, bootmaker's shop, jarrold cottage, white cloud cottage -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Eltham State School No. 209, Dalton Street, Eltham, c.1895
Second school building on same site, which was put out for tender in April 1875. The stone building is prior to any additions. Note children playing in school yard. Published in Nillumbik Mail Edition 21, 20 Sep Harry Gilham's notes: Constructed 1875. Inspection finished 31 December 1875 - outer walls covering said to come from Quarry Park at the western end of cuyrrent Lavender Park Road, Eltham. Windows altered in the 1900s; ventilation and skylights 1920s - built to house 100 children.Sepia photograph mounted on cardNillumbik Mail publication details; Edition 21, 20 Sepdalton street, eltham, eltham state school no. 209, school group, eltham primary school -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Domestic object - Fletcher Jones Coat Hanger, Late 20th century
David Fletcher Jones commenced his tailoring and hawking business in the 1920’s. The business expanded through the decades to become the main manufacturing employer in the city of Warrnambool. The business moved from Liebig Street around 1947 to a site in East Warrnambool which was once an old quarry. The factory which was built at “Pleasant Hill” manufactured quality clothing, initially men’s trousers, suits which expanded in later times to include ladies’ wear. A network of stores was opened throughout Australia to sell the garments. A common item linked to a significant business and personality of Warrnambool.Fletcher Jones Factory held a significant place in the economic development of the city. The Fletcher Jones Gardens remain a significant landmark in the cityBlack plastic coat hanger with metal hook. Fletcher Jones in gold lettering below the hook.warrnambool, fletcher jones, pleasant hill, fletcher jones gardens, coathanger -
Harcourt Valley Heritage & Tourist Centre
B & W photograph of fourteen men dressed in bowls club uniforms, Harcourt Bowling Club BDBA Pennant Winner Division 3 Season 1966-67, 1967
The inaugural meeting to form Harcourt Bowling Club was held in May 1955. Cr Ben Bingham donated half an acre of land in Bagshaw st Harcourt and the club acquired a small building from Blight's Quarry to serve as a clubhouse. The first day's play took place on 24th October 1959. New clubrooms were built in 1961 with the official opening of the Club held on Saturday 11th November 1961. The club became affilaited with Bendigo District Bowling Assocaition and, in 1966/67 won the Associated division 3 pennant. ; Depicts a group of men, the core ‘movers and shakers’ of the Harcourt community, in the course of their favourite recreation, Association champions in just the seventh year after formation.. Black and white photograph of fourteen men dressed in collar and tie, white trousers and dark blazers, each bearing the club name, HARCOURT BOWLING CLUB B.D.B.A. PENNANT WINNER - DIVISION 3- SEASON 1966-67 and the names of each player. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - PATRICIA COLES (NEE MCLEAN) COLLECTION: BENDIGO EASTER PARADE QUEEN COMPETITION 1930
Photograph.The Patricia Coles (nee McLean) collection. Bendigo Easter Parade Queen Competition 1930. Copy of a black and white photograph. Four women and two small girls. The Easter Queen holds a large bouquet. The two small girls are identified. Joyce Jeffries, on the left, daughter of Mary & Joe Jeffries, Quarry Hill hoteliers. On the right, June McLean, daughter of Nellie & Tom McLean, United Kingdom Hotel, Golden Square.bendigo, entertainment, easter parade queen competition, bendigo easter fair. bendigo easter parade queen compettion. mclean family of golden square. united kingdom hotel. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BASIL MILLER COLLECTION: TRAMS, CHRISTMAS SPECIAL ROSTER, c1968
Graph paper. Roster-24 minutes service from 10 am to 11 pm Christmas Day, Wednesday 25th December, 1968, Eaglehawk to Quarry Hill. Labor Day Monday 10th March 1969, News Year Day-Wednesday 1st January 1969. Boxing Day Thursday 26th December 1968. Time tables include Motormen and Conductors names. Markings/Inscriptions: X.MAS. 1968 & NEW YEARS DAY 1969.organization, business, bendigo trams, basil miller -
Mt Dandenong & District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph, Edward John Price aged 14
John Lundy-Clarke grew up in the Kalorama/Mt Dandenong area and later in life (1972-74) began to write a comprehensive history of the district working from an original settlement map in an effort to cover all areas. Edward John Price (1898 - 1974) was the son of early settlers on Lot 1 of the Village Settlement Edward Joseph Price and Annie (nee Ross) Price. He was the brother of Charles and Kathleen Price. Edward John married Myra Wilson in 1930.Black and white studio portrait showing well groomed boy holding a violin. Reverse of photograph has handwritten description by John Lundy-Clarke.Edward John Price aged 14. Son of Edward Joseph Price and Annie Ada nee Ross. Farmer, sawmiller, logging contractor,. proprietor of shop at Kew Junction 1935. Quarry master (Kilsyth). Father of Alan and Eddie J. A daughter died young. Married Myra Wilson 1930. Died 1974.edward john price, edward joseph price, annie price, annie ross, kathleen price, charles price -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Report, J.J. Gourley (Government Printer), Department of Mines Annual Report, 1950, c1950
Thirty six page foolscap booklet with some black and white photographic image. It includs statistics relating to the mining industry. Images include Limestone Quarry at Cave Hill, Lilydale; Golden Retriever nuggett; The Wedderburn Dog nuggett; Moning Star Mine, Wood's Point; shallow drilling; penicillin tanks; Mines Department Laboratory; Charging; Aurora Mine, Daylesford; Hattietville Dredge; North Deborah Mine, Bendigo; Central Victorian Dredge, Strangwaysj.g. gouley, mining, coal, gold, silver, geology, boiler inspection, leasing, gold buyers act, lilydale, fireclay, harrietville dredge, aurora mine daylesford, williams reward mine daylesford, strangways dredge, north deborah mine bendigo, statistics, bendigo mine, department of mines victoria, annual report, statistics relating to mining industry -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Colour Photograph/s, 23/11/1962 12:00:00 AM
Colour postcard size print of SEC Bendigo trams 2 and 17 at the California or Thorne St. Loop on the Eaglehawk line. Photo dated 21.11.1962. Printed on AGFA paper. Both trams fitted with dash canopy lighting, but no large white strip under the driver's windows. 17 showing destination of "Eaglehawk", has two SEC ads on the side re Electric Cooking . Tram 2 showing destination of "Quarry Hill", has various ads. On rear top left hand corner "21.11.62" in very wavy handwriting typical of an aged person.bendigo, eaglehawk, tram 2, tram 17 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s, early 1960's
Bendigo Charing Cross, looking east towards railway station, with SEC No. 7 about to depart for Eaglehawk. A Birney tram in background heading for Quarry Hill. Photo shows 'Ezywalkin' and 'Fountain Plaza' buildings, has large white with black lettering road signs on left. On centre pole in front of tram is smaller road direction signs (yellow with black letters) for Echuca, Heathcote and Melbourne. Tram has dash canopy lights, early 1960's.niltramways, trams, bendigo, charing cross, quarry hill, eaglehawk, tram 7 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s, Travis Jeffrey, late 1960's or early 1970's
Agfa plastic mount (blue base, white cover) with a photo of Bendigo Nos. 3 and 26 at Charing Cross. The trams are bound for Eaglehawk, Quarry Hill respectively. Photo shows the traffic arrangements at Charing Cross prior to closure. Photo taken late 1960's early 1970's from the window of another tram. No. 3 has two roof advertisement racks which are empty, while No. 26 has a SEC briquettes roof advertisement."BES 48" in pencil.tramways, trams, bendigo, charing cross, tram 3, tram 26 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s - set of 2, Eldon Hogan?, late 1950's
Set of two Agfacolor cardboard mounted slides - have handwritten captions and two numbers - no date, pre dash canopy stripes and additional lights, late 1950's? Scanned on the Canon scanner at the depot 15/12/1971 at the time of the installation of the scanner. .1 - Bendigo 13, outbound in Pall Mall with the Shamrock Hotel in the background. .2 - Bendigo 2, in bound from Eaglehawk in a very rural situation, unsealed road sides, with the Destination of Quarry Hill..1 - "Tram No. 13 in Pall Mall Bendigo / 24)" in red ink. .2 - "Tram No. 2 approaching Bendigo / 25)" in red ink.tramways, trams, bendigo, eaglehawk, pall mall, tram 13, tram 2 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Wal Jack, 7/10/1939 12:00:00 AM
Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Photo of No. 2 at the Eaglehawk terminus, 7-10-1939, High St, with the Park Hotel in the background. Photo by Wal Jack. Tram has the destination of Quarry Hill. Printed on Ilford paper. i1 - scan of print in the album i2 - rear of image i3 - scan of negative at 3200dpi added 7/6/2020. On the rear in blue ink "SEC Bendigo No 2 (ex MMTB 115 M class) in High St Eaglehawk (terminus) 7th Oct. 1939." with Wal Jack copyright stamp in the top right hand corner and the number "T194" written in.trams, tramways, bendigo, high st, eaglehawk, tram 2 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SANDHURST BUILDING SOCIETY CENTENARY 1981 CALENDAR
Buff Paper, Sepia Text & Illustrations 7 Pages Views of Sandhurst 1881 Calendar Images: Beehive Chambers and Mining Exchange Hotel, Pall Mall; panorama from Post Office Tower looking north to White Hills; Sandhurst Post Office Pall Mall; Sandhurst Railway Station (opened 1862) and Quarry Hill;Alexandra Fountain, Charing Cross, (opened 1881); panorama from Post Office Tower looking south to Golden Square.bendigo, history, sandhurst building society calendar -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BASIL MILLER COLLECTION: TRAMS - VARIOUS TIMETABLES
1. Monday to Friday - Eaglehawk, Quarry Hill, Golden Square, North Bendigo routes. 2. The Electric Supply Company of Victoria Ltd Bendigo and Eaglehawk Tramways, Sixteen (16) Copies. 3. The Electric Supply company of Victoria Ltd, Northern Branch alteration to fares, 1969. 4. Electricity Supply Department Bendigo - amended timetables - 1955, Six (6) copies. 5. Staff shift timetable - weekdays and Saturday - Two (2) pieces.person, individual, basil miller -
Orbost & District Historical Society
Book, Grevillea Grove, 2017
This book was compiled and published in 2017. The contents are based on a scrapbook and photographs compiled by Margaret Kleinitz who was Secretary of the Orbost Garden Club during the time when Grevillea Grove was proposed and developed from1979-1989. The development of this garden in a disused quarry in Orbost involved a substantial community campaign and on-going effort, particularly from members of the Garden Club. The demise of Grevillea Grove came when the Vic. Govt. decided to develop this parcel of crown land for a Rainforest Garden and Information Centre. Local resident, Audrey Van Den Berg has compiled this book. Shows the effort and dedication involved in this community project.A 40 page book with cardboard cover. Front cover has 6 colour photos of Grevillea plants overlaid onto a plan of the Grevillea Grove garden. This book contains b/w photographs and a written history of the creation of the Grevillea Grove garden in Orbost. It also has site plans and newspaper articles.GREVILLEA GROVE grevillea grove, orbost -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Illustration/s, Bendigo Charing Cross
Black and white illustration from the South Pacific Electric Railway Co-op (Sydney Tramway Museum) - Dec.. 1974 calendar of Charing Cross Bendigo from an elevated viewpoint. Overlooks intersection has tram 3 waiting to proceed to Quarry Hill while another bogie tram turns from Pall Mall into Mitchell St. Photo undated, but most likely during the early 1970's. Photo by G. Buckman Has the EZYWALKIN store and other stores in the background.On bottom right hand corner "SPER Calendar Dec. 1974"trams, tramways, bendigo, charing cross, pall mall, mitchell st. -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Slide - 35mm slide/s, Graham Evans, Apr. 1972
White cardboard mount, 35mm slide, from the Association of Railway Enthusiast's film strip titled "Provincial Tramway Film Strip" of a Bendigo Nos. 26 (Quarry Hill) and 25 (Eaglehawk) at Jobs Gully Loop. The film strip notes (Reg. Item 2560), provided the following caption details: "Bogie cars 26 & 25 meet at Jobs Gully loop about a mile from the terminus. Apr ' 72 (Graham Evans)" See image btm2595p.tif for high level scan of image. Stamped on base of slide "11805" and written in ink on top edge "26 & 25 Jobs Gully Eaglehawk"tramways, trams, are, film strip, jobs gully, eaglehawk, tram 26, tram 25 -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s, Wal Jack, Easter Saturday 1941
Black and White print contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details. Photograph of ESCo tram No. 1 (carrying a white disc) and No. 2 at Charing Cross, Easter Saturday 1941. No. 1 is on the "wrong line", about to run through the cross over in front of the tram. No. 2 has the destination of Quarry Hill. i1 - scan of print in the album i2 - rear of image i3 - scan of negative at 3200dpi added 6/6/2020. On rear in ink "T196, Bendigo Tramways, No. 1 Original Class, No. 2 - ex MMTB A class, Charing Cross, Easter Saturday 1941. Wal Jack Photo.trams, tramways, bendigo, esco, secv, charing cross, tram 1, tram 2 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS OF BENDIGO
Various photographs of Bendigo. There are two Kodak packets; one has of photos along with the negatives, the other has only negatives. There are 29 photos in total with 19 in the packet and 10 in plastic pockets (shown in the attached images). The photos include images of the Bendigo Easter Parade, St Paul's Church, a petrol station in Ellis St, Flora Hill, a house in Quarry Hill, Havlin St East, Mitchell and Hargreaves Streets and a train in the park outside the Bendigo railway Station in the mid 1970s.bendigo easter parade, mitchell st, hargreaves st, quarry hill, ellis st, havlin st, steam train, trains, bendigo railway station, 1970s -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - W. BABIDGE COLLECTION: WHERE TO SHOP IN BENDIGO AND SUBURBS
Pale green three fold card with the names, addresses, phone numbers, and goods which can be purchased at the businesses. Businesses named are: Fletchers International Food Store, T. Chamberlin, Northern Terrazzo Co, Suttons Pty. Ltd., Bus Time Table, Ashmans, Reg. V. Brock, Gillies Bros., Miller Bros., The Bendigo Fashion House, Quarry Hill Bus Service, Mamouney's. Printed by Arthur Hocking, Print, Bendigo. Bus Time Table effective March 1960.commerce, advertising, w. babidge collection - where to shop in bendigo and suburbs, fletchers international food store, t. chamberlin, northern terrazzo co, suttons pty. ltd., bus time table, ashmans, reg. v. brock, gillies bros., miller bros., the bendigo fashion house, quarry hill bus service, mamouney's. arthur hocking, print, bendigo, . -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Map - CAMPBELL COLLECTION: BENDIGO AND DISTRICT MAPS, 1982
Map. Forest Commission Victoria, Bendigo Forest District, Greater Bendigo Area. Shire of Marong, Sailors Gully, Epsom, Borough of Eaglehawk, Jackass Flat, White Hills, California Gully, Shire of Huntly, Maiden Gully, Long Gully, North Bendigo, Bendigo East, City of Bendigo, West Bendigo, Kennington, Shire of Strathfieldsaye, Flora Hill, Quarry Hill, Golden Square, Kangaroo Flat, Spring Gully. Prevention Strategy Plan. Base prepared 1982.map, bendigo, forest district -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - ALBERT RICHARDSON COLLECTION: NORTH DEBORAH AND DEBORAH GOLD MINES
Two newspaper articles regarding the dismantling of the North Deborah and Deborah Gold mines. 1. Bendigo Advertiser 4th December 1979. 'Act Now!'. A letter to the paper written by Ken Bice and Trevor Palmer, Students of Eaglehawk High School, making the public aware of the possible dismantling of the mines. ' 2. Bendigo Advertiser 4th December 1970. 'North Deborah' article quoting Mr. G. Maskiel re action to clean up the area at the North Deborah Mine at Quarry Hill.bendigo, mining, deborah mines -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Photograph - Black & White Photograph/s - set of 32, Eldon Hogan, 4/06/1965 12:00:00 AM
Yields information about a 1924 Jelbart Engine manufacturing display in Sturt St and the street scene and peoples clothing at the time.Set of 32 black and white photographs of an Association of Railway Enthusiasts tour to Bendigo and trams 4/7/1965. The photos are not necessarily in photographic order. .1 - 30 on the Eaglehawk terminal track, beyond the normal terminus. .2 - 30 & 29 High St Eaglehawk. .3 - ditto with a poppet head in the background. .4 - 30 at one of the crossing loops .5 - 30 at Eaglehawk terminus extension .6 - ditto. .7 - ditto .8 - cleaning out the track .9 - showing the location of the track at Eaglehawk terminus and its extension .10 - cleaning out track .11 - a portable shed adjacent to the track .12 - A view of the two Birneys travelling in the empty country. .13 - ditto .14 - 19 and 18 at Golden Square .15 - Bendigo tram depot - creek crossing .16 - Scrubber at the depot .17 - 28 and 19 at the North Bendigo terminus .18 - 18 and 30 on the Golden Sq line .19 - 28 and 19 at the North Bendigo terminus .20 - ditto. .21 - 28 and 19 near the depot entry. .22 - 28 and 30 Pall Mall .23 - 28 at North Bendigo .24 - 17 and 19 and 6 at Quarry Hill .25 - 28 and 30 Mitchell St .26 - 19, 6 and 21 Quarry Hill .27 - 19 and 6 Quarry Hill .28 - 28 and 6 at the depot entry .29 - ditto .30 - 18 and 30, Golden Sq line .31 - 25 at depot .32 - 6 and 19 Charing Cross. Photographer Eldon Hogan. Printed on Kodak Paper .33 - roll of negatives of some of the above photos - stored in box 83 as well. trams, tramways, are, bendigo, eaglehawk, quarry hill, golden square, north bendigo, tram 30, tram 29, tram 28, tram 6, tram 19, tram 25, tram 17, tram 18 -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Album, Photographs Views of Warrnambool, c 1891
This album contains photographs of many Warrnambool buildings and scenes, including Proudfoot Boatsheds, St. John’s Church, Christ Church, Shelly Beach, Hopkins Falls, Sherwood gardens and buildings, Ozone Coffee Palace, Kepler Street, Sandstone Quarries and the Titan Crane on the Breakwater. The photographs have been taken and put in album form by the photographer Joseph Jordan. The advertisements of the hotels on the inside covers place the publication of the album to the years1891-2. We have another album similar to this but there are six photographs in this album (VC000799) that are not in the other album. These extra photographs are of the original gardens and buildings of Sherwood.This is a most important album as the photographs are clear and show a good cross-section of Warrnambool in the early 1890s. Some of the photographs are not represented in other collections (eg Sherwood gardens) and so are of vital historical significance. The advertisements are also of great use to researchers.This album has a brown hard cover and contains three pages of local advertisements and sixteen pages of photographs and 32 photographs back to back. The pages have been bound but some pages have come loose. There is a fold-out section of a 180 degree panorama of Warrnambool taken from Liebig Street hill. The edges of these pages have been taped.Front Cover- Views of Warrnamboolwarrnambool, views of warrnambool, photos of warrnambool -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Postcard, Valentine & Sons Publishing Co, Valentines Series Postcard, No. 3308 of "View Point", Bendigo, Charing Cross
Valentines Series Postcard, No. 3308 of "View Point", Bendigo, Charing Cross with the fountain prominent in the photograph. No. 16 (left hand side) is bound for Golden Square and No. 13, to Quarry Hill. Late 1930's? In the background, The Beehive stores, A.E. Sayer Chemist, J. Edwards Jeweller and watchmaker with a large clock on the top of the shop, Matthews Bros - suits and men's clothes and Wrights Stores - tobacco and spirits. Also advertisements for Dunlop and Goodyear tyres. On rear of card is Valentines real photo series logo and that published in Melbourne and Sydney. On rear of copy 2 is "Nos 16 and 13" Yields information about Bendigo Tram operations and Charing Cross.Black and White postcard contained within the Wal Jack Bendigo and Geelong Album, see Reg Item 5003 for more details.trams, tramways, bendigo, charing cross, tram 16, tram 13 -
Merri-bek City Council
Acrylic on watercolour paper, Mandy Nicholson, Cultural Map of Melbourne, 2003
Primarily a painter, Mandy Nicholson also produces ceramics, carvings, murals, prints, designs and children’s clothing. Born in 1975, Nicholson was raised in Healesville and belongs to the Wurundjeri-willam (Woiwurrung language) clan of the Kulin Nation. Mandy’s paintings often represent important cultural rituals and are executed in her distinct graphic style using the traditional motifs of her people blended with contemporary interpretation. Cultural Map of Melbourne shows significant sites across Melbourne. These include scar trees, corroboree trees, stone quarries, bush tucker sites, significant rivers, fresh water wells and traditional campsites. -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH WW1, 1915
William GUEST No 2756 enlisted on 15.9.1915 in the 8th Reinforcements 14th Batt AIF aged 25 years. Embarked for Egypt 15.9.1915. Embarked & joined unit Gallipoli 13.11.1915. Embarked for France 1.6.1916. He was wounded & captured by the Germans & died of wounds whilst in their hands in Feldlazarett 255 Bugnicourt France.Postcard photo, sepia, showing a soldier in uniform sitting legs crossed holding a crop. On rear: Hand written letter in black ink. “Mrs J Cotter Russell St Quarry Hill Bendigo” Zeitoun Egypt 1.11.15” “Dear Jess, Just a card to let you see that I am still alive by wishing you & family a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year from your old pal. W Guest” photograph, 8th, dow -
Orbost & District Historical Society
axe head
Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.2008. Ground-edged axes first appeared in south-eastern Australia about 4,000 years ago and were used either with handles or hand-held. Stone tools were used for a variety of purposes, in ways similar to those of steel knives, axes, hammers and chisels. Ground-edge tools are made from fracture-resistant stone, such as basalt. This is able to withstand repeated impact making it suitable for use in objects such as stone axes. The stone was quarried, and then roughly shaped into a tool blank with blows from a hammerstone. The edges were then sharpened and refined by grinding the tool against a coarse, gritty rock. The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This item is an example of a stone tool used by the early Indigenous people of Eastern australia.A handmade stone Aboriginal axe head.axe-head aboriginal tool stone-artefact