The Soldier on the badge is apparently VX103098 James Aloysious Canty, enlisted 19/7/1942 in Port Moresby age 29 just prior to Kokoda. He had initially enlisted No V42281. One record has him in E Coy 39th Infantry Batt which was the Machine Gun Coy of the Batt when formed. One record shows him being Taken on the Strength of 7th Machine Gun Batt on 2.11.1942. At discharge on 5.12.1945 he is listed as serving in the 39th Infantry Battalion with the rank of Cpl. The 39th was disbanded in July 1943.Badge, metal, Anzac commemorative. badge is rectangular in shape. Front is gold coloured with "Courage" at the top. Centre is a coloured photo under plastic of a soldier in tin helmet looking up. At base is "Anzac Day April 25 2006. On rear is a pin and clip.badges, anzac day

Univesity of Ballarat became Federation University Australia in 2014.Soft covered magazine of the Mt Helen Resident Society.mount helen resident society, feduni living, colin marshall, andrew renfree, kokoda, jarred lee, skye morrison, camp street, student residences

Black and white photo of a finale of an Annual Demonstration. Children in costumes, some in military style costumes, some holding Australian flags, other flags and signs before an audience. Signs include ANZAC, Tobruk, Kokoda, HMAS Sydney, HMAS Perth, HMAS Australia, and theatres of combat, Europe, and Asia. The year is not known. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and Eurythmics. The Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the 1980's, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association. A record of a Junior Legacy DemonstrationBlack and white photo of the finale of an Annual Demonstration.junior legatee, legacy demonstration

The 2/6th Commando Squadron (Australia) was one of 12 independent companies or commando squadrons raised by the Australian Army during WW2. The 2/6th served in four major campaigns - Kokoda, Buna, Markham-Ramu and Borneo and was involved in the Battle of Kaiapit. Late in the WW2 hostilities 2/6th Commando Squadron was at Balikpapan and attached to 25th Brigade to provide support to the Brigade - reconnaissance patrols, fighting patrols, ambushes and humanitarian assistance to local inhabitants. The 2/6th Commando Squadron was disbanded in 1946. The Sword returned to Australia with a member of 2/6th Commando Squadron VX132826 W G H Burrell. The Book Purple Devils was written by Syd Trigellis Smith in his retirement, he had served during WW2 with 2/2 Field Regiment in New Guinea.VX132826 W G H Burrell served with the AIF during WW2 in New Guinea and posted to 2/6th Commando Squadron and was on Borneo and at Balikpapan. George Burrell was able to being back the sword at the end of hostilities. The Book the Purple Devils is the 2/6th Commando Squadron history as interpreted by Syd Trigellis Smith.Book Purple Devils by Syd Trigellis, Smith, a Japanise Sword - steel blade encased in a leather scabbard and the military history of VX132826 W G H Burrell who served with 2/6 th Commando Squadron.The Book - Purple Devils, a History of 2/6 Australian Commando Squadron, ISBN 064607125-4. vx132826 w g h burrell, ww2, new guinea, 2/6th commando sqn, gunto sword, purple devils

The centre Timbers under the glass tops came from the old Passchendaele Barracks building in Mollison Street Bendigo. The old building dated back to 1916. The building Depot was closed down and dismantled with the unit based there moved out to the new “Multi User Depot in Junortoun”. The tables were made in Bendigo and placed in the new Meeting Room of the Bendigo District RSL in Havilah Road which was named “Kokoda Room”. In another round of renovations to the Club the two tables were placed in the Soldier's Memorial Museum Pall Mall now Bendigo Military Museum. One was placed in the old Meeting room which at that time was part of the Museum, the second was placed in the old kitchen which had been converted into an BDRSL Office. With more renovations the two tables were returned to the Bendigo District RSL in a new meeting room. The two computer insets for cabling was then put into the tables. .1) .2) Two tables solid construction brown stain colour, the top has in inset of Timbers narrow a lighter brown stain laying across the width dimension, a glass top sits over these Timbers level with the heavy outside frame. Each table has an inset centre to accomodate computer cabling. There is a small plaque on each table.On the small plaques, “ Original Timbers from Passchendaele Barracks Bendigo”.brsl, smirsl, bdrslinc

This photo taken in 1917 was 5 years before Edith Sarah Pickford (1909 - 1967) of ''Yeoville" Clunes married Henry Smerdon [Harry] Holmes of "Sauchieburn" Ascot in 1922. At the time it was fun, fashionable and symbolic to have photo portraits taken in a clown outfit: Pierrot (Boy) with black skull caps and Columbine (Girl) with pointed hats. Pierrot, the famous character from the Italian commedia dell'arte, was portrayed by the composer A. Schoenberg as the moonstruck and fantastical clown, who is a symbol for putting on a mask to hide one's true feelings or opinions. Edith was the second youngest child, and only daughter, of John and Bessie (Robbins) Pickford, Clunes farmers. Edith’s brother, Arthur Pickford rode in the Charge of the Battle of Beersheba, a precursor to capturing Gaza in WW1. The matter of who rode in the charge at Beersheba on 31 October 1917 continues to exercise the minds of many. The charge is embedded in the Australian ethos along with Gallipoli and the Kokoda Track. [ Source: Edith's granddaughter, Jane Dyer 2024]Black and white photograph in rectangular frame with stand. Back of frame padded velvet"Sincerely yours - Edith"edith pickford, edith holmes, chatham-holmes collection, pickford collection, pierrot and columbine, portrait photograph, ww1

Khaki and Green is a summary of the scope of the activities of the Australian soldiers since last they related their experiences, in book form. To their homeland. It speaks of desert and jungle epitomising the two major regions of the campaign in which Australians have participated since October 1942 - the overthrow of Rommel's forces at El Alamein and the smashing of the Chinese in Papua.Collection of servicemen recounts, poems and cartoons from World War 2Faded light green hardcover front and back with title in centre symmetrical green and back lettering (shadowed) With the Australian Army at home and overseas. Text is repeated on spine of book. Front and back inside pages has an illustrations of a kit bag and it's contents and text - Palestine, United Kingdom, Egypt, Libya, Greece, Crete, Eritrea, Cyprus, Syria, Siam, Malaya, Java, Ambon, Ceylon, China, New Britain, Ocean islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Solomon's, Papua, Timor, Dutch New Guinea. Photos, illustrations, cartoons, poems. There are three copies held at the Lara RSL Sub Branch.To the memory of fallen comrades ‘They gave their lives. For the public gift they received a praise which never ages and a tomb most glorious – not so much the tomb in which they lie, but that in which their fame survives, to be remembered forever when occasion comes for word or dead…. ‘ blaney, aif, 6th and 7th division, poetry, middle east, south west pacific, darwin, nassau bay, kokoda, rats of moresby, bullybeef, night patrol, jungle fighters, prisoners of war, world war 2, ww2

An annual magazine published for release on RASvy Corps birthday 1st July. All units with RASvy Corps are invited / expected to submit an article depicting their activities over the preceding years 1991 to 1993. 4Fd Svy Sqn Adventure training list pages 7, 8. Army Map Depot - Unit Ski Day, pages 20, 21. The William Patton Expedition - Locating his grave as part of the " Burke and Wills " expedition, list of personnel involved - page 43. 8 Fd Svy Sqn - names mentioned and photo - page 50. 4 Fd Svy Sqn (1992) names mentioned page 69. The G Res manning list on page 70. Names mentioned in "Unit sports pages 73, 74. Exercise Kokoda Cartographer July 1992 list of participants on Page 78. Iraq - The Gulf War, Topographic Support page 52. Adelaide (4 Fd Svy Sqn) 1992 page 65. 8 Fd Svy Sqn manning wind down list pages 89-90. Military Geographic Information Pilot Project page 92. Royal Australian Survey Corps Aerial photography Team personnel list page 95. Operation Belama 92 Team list page 96. Long term Schooling attendees and promotions, page 105. Litho Sqn Postings in and out pages 116-117. Special awards SGT Durrant page 113, SSGT SR Hill page 114. RASvy completes 1:50,000 scale mapping of the Pilbara Region page 121. 1st Topo Svy Sqn personnel mentioned on page 122. A4 sized booklet with soft glossy card covers, paper pages held together with a plastic spiral binder.army survey regiment, army survey regt, fortuna, royal australian survey corps, rasvy, asr

Folder Contents 1. Pam Thoonan (nee Ingram) 1.1. Family tree of Pamela Thoonan; Descendant of Teagle and Ingram 1.2. Descendants of George Ingram 1747 1.3. Descendants of William Ingram 1836 1.4. Family of William George Grove Ingram 1861 1.5. Family of Evan Thomas Ingram 1867 1.6. Ancestors of Kenneth Douglas Ingram 1.7. Family/descendants of Henry Teagle 1838 1.8. Family of John Thomas Teagle 1.9. Notes on Esau Key 1.10. Descendants of John Key 1687 1.11. Descendants/family of Robert Fielding 1817 1.12. Descendants of Margaret Crenny, died 1946 1.13. My grandpa John Ingram (Written by Grace Burrows) 1.14. Ten in the bed; story of William Ingram family of Birmingham, England 1.15. Copies of newspaper articles about Harry Ingram, Baker of Kidderminster, England 1.16. Copy (2000) In Memory of Lester Neil Ingram, Commonwealth War Graves Commission 1.17. Recollections by Pam Thoonen regarding her stepfather Eddy Fielding and father Kenneth Douglas Ingram including information about the 39th Australian Infantry Battalion (1941-1943) and the Kokoda Track 1.18. Copy of letter to Jack and Ada Ingram from mother P Ingram of Kidderminster – transcript sent to Pam Thoonen by Grace Burrows, 2006 1.19. Letter from Val (Waller nee Feldbauer) to Tom Fielding 30 June 2016 1.20. Notes handwritten believed to be about guests attending Rose Fieldings 62nd birthday at Bentleigh Public Hall, Centre Road, East Bentleigh in 1973 – see photo EDHS_05850 1.21. Copy of photo of Wedding Party of Margaret Rose to Kenneth Douglas Ingram 1935 and newspaper report “Romantic Circle; Ingram – Teagle” The Advertiser 26 July 1935, p2 1.22. Five pages of photocopied photos and recollections by Pam Thoonen of attending a concert at Festival Hall 1.23. Three photos of headstones for John Thomas Teagle and Margaret Teagle, Violet Feldbauer, Edna May and Charles Louis Layfield 1.24. Two pages typed of trivia concerning old expressions and their origins from the 1500s 2. Grace Burrows (nee Ingram – now deceased) contact details at Dunolly with notes that Ingrams arrived at Research around 1900 Item 1 held in digital format onlyFolder of information on Ingram family of Research in mix of digital and hard copy formatgrace ingram, grace burrows, ingram family, pam thoonen (nee ingram), ingram's bakery, research (vic.), john ingram, ingrams road, keith ingram, kenneth ingram, teagle family, crenny, key family, feldbauer family

Information regarding the circumstances of the eleven men of the Shire of Eltham who died serving their country in the Second World War and for whom the Eltham War Memorial was dedicated. Their names are listed on the Eltham Roll of Honour in order of rank. The image portrayed shows the eleven men (left to right, top to bottom) by date of fatality: CASTLEDINE, George Ernest, Spr., VX10044 (KIA 18 Apr 1941, Greece) GAHAN, Studley Manston, Capt., VX48379 (KIA 17 May 1941, Tobruk, Libya) RUTTER, David, Flying Off., 833 (400833) (KIA 9 Dec 1941, Bir El Gubbi, Libya) CLERKE, Alfred Charles, Cpl., VX23112 (KIA 2 Feb 1942, Laha, Ambon Island) DUNLOP, Cuthbert Douglas, Sgt., VX15252 (KIA 22 Nov 1942, Gona, New Guinea) INGRAM, Lester Neil, Flt. Sgt., 410236 (DOD 22 Apr 1943, Longworth, England) McLEAN, Stanley, Flt. Sgt., 419844 (KIA 7 Oct 1944, Emmerich, Germany) FELDBAUER, Theodore, Sgt., VX51733 (DOD 27 Mar 1945, Borneo) RUTTER, Donald Hemphill, Flt. Lt., 410262 (KIA 5 Apr 1945, Varrelbusch, Germany) FIELD, Kevin Francis, Pte., VX144763 (KIA 28 Jun 1945, Bougainville, PNG) BUTHERWAY, Jack Herbert, Pte, VX37645 (DOD 8 Jul 1945, Borneo)eltham war memorial, roll of honour, second world war, eltham, eltham roll of honour, shire of eltham, 2/4 field workshop, 22 independent brigade group ordnance workshop, a.i.f., australian army ordnance corps, australian corps of electrical and mechanical engineers, changi, falkiner street, florence mary butherway, jack herbert butherway, prisoner of war (pow), ranau number 1 jungle camp, sandakan death march, singapore, thomas james butherway, vx37645, 2/2 field company, 6th division, abington, annie castledine, arthur frederick castledine, george ernest castledine, greece, jean simonson, lower plenty, old eltham road, royal australian engineers, vx10044 sapper g. e. castledine, 2/23 bn, derril, gahan house, main road, rats of tobruk, studley manston gahan, tobruk, vx48379, 3 squadron r.a.a.f., aboukir, alamein memorial, beulah alice (simpson) rutter, bir el gubbi, broken hill aero club, david rutter, egypt, hubert rutter, libya, yarra braes, 2/21 bn, 23rd australian infrantry brigade, 8th division, alfred charles clerke, ambon island, battle of ambon, bidgeland park estate, inga caroline (nicholls) clerke, inga mary nicholls, laha airfield, nora ann clerke, rose matilda clerke, vx23112, william charles clerke, 2/14 bn, 2/16 bn, 21st brigade, 7th division, cuthbert douglas dunlop, gona, gona war cemetery, henry street, janet dunlop, kokoda track, new guinea, palestine, papua new guinea, port moresby (bomana) war cemetery, reuben cuthbert dunlop, syria, vx15252, 10 operational training unit, 410236, ada (key) ingram, berkshire, bomber command, england, group no. 91, john ingram, lester neil ingram, longworth, n.1374, r.a.a.f., r.a.f., r.a.f. abington, research (vic.), whitley v bomber, 419844, 514 bomber squadron, emmerich, germany, gordon stanley mclean, ji-g2, kleve, lancaster lm735, lucy mclean, mount pleasant road, r.a.f. waterbeach, reichswald forest war cemetery, stanley mclean, 2/10 ordnance workshops, albert feldbauer, eltham cricket association, eltham girls club, frank street, henry feldbauer, jessie margarette feldbauer, june feldbauer, ken ingram, margaret (feldbauer) ingram, montmorency imperials, research cricket club, research state school, sandakan number 1 camp, sandakan number 2 camp, theodore albert feldbauer, valerie (feldbauer) waller, violet amelda (teagle) feldbauer, vx51733, 247 ‘china-british’ squadron, caithness, cloppenburg, donlad hemphill rutter, essen, gloucester, hanover war cemetery, hanover-limmer british military cemetery, holten-lochem, oldenburg, r.a.f. castletown, r.a.f. station lealing, stoppenburg, typhoon ib jp443, typhoon ib sw526, 15th australian infantry brigade, 1940 cup, 3rd division, 57th/60th bn, best and fairest, bougainville island, buin road, mary field, mayona road, mivo river, mobiai river, montmorency, vx144763, william field

During WWII the Batallion fought in Syria, New Guinea,Borneo and Darwin. Pte. Eric Wild D.O.B. 30/09/1909 enlisted in Windosr Vic. 27/05 1940. and served with the 16RWAR. until his discharge 27/10/1944, at which time he had been assigned to 2/2 Army Fld. Wshops. He saw service in Africa and the Pacific 16 RWAR Campaign WWII North Africa 1941, Syria, Syrian Frontier, The Litani, Sidon, Wadi Zeini, Damour, South West Pacific 1942 - 1945, Kokoda Trail, Isurava, Eora Creek, Templetons Crossing, Efogi-Menari, Ioribaiwa, Buna-Gona, Gona, Liberation of Australian New Guinea, Ramu Valley, Shaggy Ridge, Borneo, Balikpapan, WaitavoloMedal set 1939-45 star, Africa star,Pacific Star,Defence Medal,War Medal 1939-45 and Australian Service Medal 1939-45.Also patches for 16 RWAR Awarded to Wild, Eric Vincent VX 17865 2/2 Field Workshop16 rawr, wild eric vincent

world war 2, new guinea, razorback, timor, kokoda track, brunei

Anzac Day Photo of William Mahoney Centre, Essendon Footballer Jobe Watson and Collingwood Nick Maxwell in front of the Melbourne War Memorial. Photo taken by the Herald Sun in 2015Photo from The Herald Sun commemorating Anzac Day 2015.Traditional Anzac Football Match at the MCG between the Essendon and Collingwood footbal club. The photo was taken with Lara Resident William (Bill) Mahoney (a Kokoda Veteran of World War Two)Herald Sun Anzacheraldn sun william mahoney jobe watson nick maxwell melbourne war memorial

Hard covered book, 479 pages, WW11 Australian soldier on front cover bearing sub-machine gun and pistolnon-fictionA book on war in New Guinea and Islands providing a detailed overview of Australian forces participation in the Battle for Australia. Concise for Kokoda and Milne Bay including copy of battle maps, but also covers Singapore, Borneo, Philippines, Wewak and Bougainville, and more.history, world war 2, south west pacific, keogh

gray plasticnon-fictionThe history of the New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company. This reprinted version contains a map of the dispositions of Spotting Stations August 1943, additional MID awards listed and some additions to the nominal roll. The New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company was formed in Port Moresby in late January 1942 and was granted “Separate Independent Establishment” status in October 1943. The company’s “founding father” was Major Don Small, who had witnessed Japanese air raids on Rabaul and realised that having lacked an effective early-warning system around New Britain meant that the defenders were taken by surprise. At the time, gaps had also appeared in the coast-watching communications network because the territory administration ordered the withdrawal of civilian wireless operators when Japan entered the war. The first influx of men into the company consisted largely of volunteers from the 39th Infantry Battalion, which was stationed at Port Moresby. Initial training was rudimentary, hasty, and was sometimes even carried out on en route to a new station. The first party of company personnel, or “spotters”, left Port Moresby as early as 1 February 1942, bound for the strategically important Samarai area, at the tip of Papua. In the first month of the company’s existence 16 spotter stations were established on the coast of Papua and in the mountains around Port Moresby. At the end of 1942 there were 61 operational stations being run by 180 men. The company’s high-water mark was in late 1944, by which time over 150 stations had been set up in Papua and New Guinea behind enemy lines. On 3 February 1942 the company issued its first air warning in Papua, when spotters at Tufi saw Japanese aircraft about to attack Port Moresby for the first time. The following month the company was responsible for the first Japanese killed in action in Papua by Australian ground forces, when spotters from Gona engaged the crew of a downed Japanese bomber. And in July 1942 the station at Buna signalled Port Moresby with news of the Japanese landings in Papua, marking the beginning of the Kokoda campaign. The dangers involved in the company’s work had also been made clear by this time. In July 1942 a party of spotters attempting to set up a station at Misima Island, off Milne Bay, was intercepted by a Japanese destroyer, resulting in the company’s first operational losses. Anticipating the direction of the campaign as a whole, the company’s focus moved north and north-west over the three years of its existence. In May 1942 a network was set up in the Wau area in association with the activities of Kanga Force. As part of the Wau network, spotter Ross Kirkwood audaciously constructed an observation post overlooking the Japanese airstrip at Salamaua. Kirkwood’s position was photographed by Damian Parer on the understanding that the pictures would not be published. They nevertheless appeared in a Sydney newspaper. The day after the publication of the photographs the observation post was attacked by the Japanese and Kirkwood was lucky to escape. In June 1944 the company’s headquarters were moved to Nadzab. By that time, spotter stations existed behind Japanese lines, as far north as Hollandia, and the company began to train Americans to perform similar work in the Philippines. In early 1945 the company moved to Balcombe, Victoria, where its members were posted to other units of the Australian Corps of Signals.world war ii, special operations, new guinea, new guinea air warning wireless company

Ill, p.32.non-fictionAustralian army brochure describing the New Guinea campaign in 1942 -1943world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – new guinea, world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – kokoda

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, maps, p.281.non-fictionPeter Brune's account of the Kokoda campaign in 1942world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – new guinea, kokoda track

p.100.non-fictionAn abbreviated account of the Kokoda campaign during World War Twoworld war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – kokoda, kokoda track - papua new guinea

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, maps, p.548.non-fictionPearl Harbour. Kokoda. The fall of Singapore. Curtin's fight with Churchill. The bombing of Darwin. The Battle of Midway. POWs. Kamikaze. Hiroshima. These words alone are enough to convey the terror, courage and drama of the Pacific War, when the balance of power stood on a knife-edge and when the future of Australia herself was on the brink - threatened by Japanese aggression on one hand and British apathy on the other. Until now the history of the Pacific War has largely been written from the American perspective. Now, for the first time, Peter Thompson places Australian voices and action at the heart of a struggle that took an unimaginable number of lives and only ended with the unleashing of the most powerful weapon the world had ever seen. Pearl Harbor; The fall of Singapore; Curtin's fights with Churchill; The bombing of Darwin; POW camps; The battle of Midway; Kokoda; Buna; Kamikaze pilots; Hiroshima. These words alone are enough to convey the terror, courage and drama of the Pacific War, when the balance of power stood on a knife-edge and when the future of Australia was on the brink - threatened by Japanese aggression on the one hand and British deception on the other. After a conflict that took an unimaginable number of lives and ended with the unleashing of the most powerful weapon the world had ever seen, the Allies emerged victorious. Australia, however, was criticised by Churchill and his generals for showing cowardice in the face of the enemy and for not caring about the fate of other nations. The endorsement of these claims by several military historians today shows that the smear has not gone away. Until nowworld war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – pacific, world war 1939 – 1945 – australia

p.287.non-fictionA story of the jungle and the sea, of man against nature and man against man... Green Armour is the courageous story of fighting men in the swamps and jungles of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. From the earliest days of forlorn hopes to the large-scale, well-organised attacks by land, sea, and air this terrifying first-hand account is distilled from the bloody, despairing experiences of the Australian and American forces in the early days of the Second World War.world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – kokoda, world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – solomon islands

Bibliography, ill, maps, p.692.non-fictionThis landmark book explores the richness and diversity of Australian military history, which has had a profound impact on the development of Australia. The two world wars - destructive yet often ennobling commitments for the young nation - have been the most important experiences for several generations of Australians, but military considerations and obligations have had a pervasive influence throughout Australian history. Just as it would be impossible to form a proper understanding of that history without due consideration of Gallipoli, the Kokoda Track, and conscription, it would be difficult to exaggerate the abiding influence of the 'digger' and the Anzac legend. From the beginnings of European settlement and the violence that accompanied it, to the more recent engagement of Australian forces in the Gulf War and peace-keeping operations in Africa, military questions have been a constant theme in the story of Australia. Anzac and Gallipoli are well-known names in the consciousness, but they can only be fully appreciated if examined in a wider context. This book does just that, providing a detailed analysis of Australian military achievements and an assessment of the importance of war in Australian history. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History covers all aspects of this complex and fascinating subject. It contains more than 800 individual entries, written by leading military historians. All the major campaigns and battles are examined, along with significant military and civilian figures, such as Thomas Blamey, John Monash, John Curtin, Albert Jacka and Charles Bean. There are articles on weapons and weapons systems and on the development of the individual services and their component parts. The roles of industry, science and technology are analysed, and a series of essay-length articles discusses key aspects of our military legacy, including military humour and the impact of war on Australian film, television and literature. Here, then, is the most comprehensive guide to Australian military history, ranging from the colonial period to the 1990s. The Companion is supplemented by 100 photographs and by more than 30 maps. It is an indispensable source for students, specialists and general readers alike. Collapse summary australia - armed forces - history, australia - armed forces - encyclopaedias

Ill, p.159.non-fictionThe allied victory in the New Guinea campaign.world war 1939-1945 - campaigns - pacific area, world war 1939 – 1945 – campaigns – kokoda

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.224.Within three months of the Japanese entering World War II on December 8, 1941 over 22 000 Australians had become prisoners-of-war. They went into camps in Timor, Ambon, New Britain, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Singapore and Malaya, and a few were scattered to other points in what was briefly part of the Japanese empire. Later most of the prisoners were to be shifted further north into South-east Asia, Formosa, Korea, Manchuria and Japan itself. They were captives within lands and cultures and to experiences alien to those known to all other Australians. At the end of the war in August 1945, 14315 servicemen and thirty service women were alive to put on new, loose-fitting uniforms and go home. One in three of the prisoners had died. That is, nearly half of the deaths suffered by Australians in the war in the Pacific were among men and women who had surrendered. Another 8174 Australians had been captured in the fighting in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: but of these men only 265 died as a result of wounds, disease or execution.By any quantitative measure the imprisonment of so many Australians is a major event in Australian history. For many soldiers it was living --and dying --in captivity which made World War II different from that of World War I. But the prisoners have received no permanent place in Australian history. Their story is not immediately recalled on celebratory occasions. In a general history of the nation in which a chapter is given to the war the prisoners might be mentioned in a sentence, or part of a sentence. Where the horror, stoicism and gallantry of Gallipoli have become part of a common tradition shared by all Australians, the ex-prisoners are granted just the horror. The public may be sympathetic; but the horror is for the prisoners alone. To make another comparison: in five months of fighting on the Kokoda Trail in 1942 the Australians lost 625 dead, less than the number who died on Ambon. Yet the events on Ambon are unknown to most Australians. There were no reporters or cameramen on Ambon and, for the 309 who defended Ambon's Laha airfield, no survivors. How many of them died in battle or died as prisoners will never be known. But there are more than just practical reasons why the record of the prisoners of war is so slight and uneven in the general knowledge of Australians. They have not tried to find out. No historian has written a book to cover the range of camps and experiences, and only in specialist medical publications has anyone investigated the impact of prison life on subsequent physical and mental health. The complexity of the experience and its impact on particular lives have not been expressed in a way to give them significance for other Australians.world war 1939 – 1945 - prisons and prisoners – japanese, world war 1939-1945 - personal narrativies - australia

Sketch Map of Bulldog-Wau Road New Guinea drawn to scale by 2/1 Aust Fd Coy dated 23.7.43 and signed by soldiers together with related newspaper article. Hand sketched by Peter Muncey VX10042 a Draughtsman who served in the Middle East Ceylon and New Guinea with the 2/2 and 2/1 Field Coy Royal Australian Engineers. The sketch contains 26 signatures including:- S/Sgt Raymond Hector Ibbotson NX14112 who served in the Middle East and New Guinea Lt Col Jack Graham Wilson NX 130646Bulldog Track also known as Bulldog-Wau road was longer, higher, steeper, wetter, colder and rougher than Kokoda Track. In 1943 Australian Army engineers; the 2/1 and 2/16 Field Company RAE, 9th Australian Field Company (AIF), veterans of Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Greece and Crete, the 1st and 3rd Australian Pack Transport Companies and local Papuan labour cut the road with pickaxes and dynamite over a period of eight months. During five months of operations over seventy per cent of the 2/1 Australian Field Company contracted malaria.Seventeen bridges were constructed; mostly single, but at least one with multiple spans. More than two thousand Australian army personnel and over two thousand Papuans and New Guineans were involved during nine months of construction. Thus the road, acclaimed as the greatest military engineering feat ever, was completed and for the only time in history motor vehicles crossed the high rugged mountains of Papua New Guinea. Carved brown timber frame with cream mount containing hand sketched map with soldiers signatures and two newspaper articles.Sketch Map of Bulldog-Wau Road 23.7.43 2/1 Aust Fd Coy Newspaper - Diggers pushed on with pick and shovelbulldog-wau road, map, new guinea, ww2

The Kokoda Trail or track is a place of historic significance to many Australians. It is outside Australia in Papua New Guinea.Scanned from a coloured slideView from this sidepapua new guinea, papuan, scene

Hard cover with dust cover 320 printyed pages complete with photographs.Author - Raymond Paull, Published by Heineman 1958 in Meklbourne.

Magazinenon-fictionOfficial Magazine of the Australian Memorialkokoda commanders, breaker morant, vietnam vc, shy vc, bullecourt, air war over malta

The poem "Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels" was written by H. (Bert) Beros and published in the Courier Mail (Brisbane) on 31 October 1942.This poem gained popularity and was widely read and then published privately by Beros running to several editions. The bookmark produced in 1943 is an example of how revered and popular in the Australian public mind the New Guinea natives became. This bookmark is significant in its association with the popular legend of the loyalty and self sacrifice of the New Guinea natives popularly termed Fuzzy Wuzzy. with the added sobriquet of Angels, in their support of the Australians in New Guinea in World War II without which Australia may not have been able to halt the Japanese advance.Painted figure of New Guinea native on felt marker with caption and date 1943Fuzzy Wuzzy of New Guinea 1943 colour printed on brown feltnew guinea, aif, fuzzy wuzzy, bookmark, kokoda track, world war ii, australia