Yields information about a piece of the original equipment from the ESCo Ballarat power station.Colour photograph of the ESCo Wendouree Parade power station - DC face plate starter for one of the rotary converters - DC hand operated drum and multiple lever panel" - see Jan. 1998 issue of Fares Please! for details of the donation and a copy of the photograph as used. Photo taken by Warren Doubleday. Printed on Kodak Paper. Photo taken mid Dec. 1997. Photos of cabinet with doors opened and signs added 2/4/2018. Images .1 - Brookhirst makers plate with Patent Nos. .2 - Machine with doors open .3 - wiring diagram .4 - Brookirst cabinet latch at the bottom of the machine. .5 - Safety sign re opening the doors. .6 - bottom section of cabinet with cable found in machine .7 - top half of machine .8 - similar to .6 .9 - close up of the cable. See January 1998 Fares Please!esco, power station, rotary converters

This strong, heavy bank safe was made by W. Marr in London. It was formerly owned by the ANZ Bank in Portland, Victoria. Portland’s ANZ Bank was originally a branch of the Bank of Australasia, which first came to Australia in 1835, opening in Sydney. Portland’s Bank of Australasia began in a bluestone building built on the north corner of Julia and Bentinck Streets by stonemason William Robb in 1855, around the time of Australia’s Gold Rush. Eventually, in 1951, the Bank of Australasia merged with the Union Bank to become the Australia & New Zealand Bank, known as the ANZ. Portland’s branch of the Bank of Australasia then moved into the old Union Bank building at 44 Percy Streets; both bank buildings were built around the same. The maker of this safe, W. (William) Marr, obtained a patent in 1834 for what is believed to be the first fire-retarding patent, building this into the lining of strong boxes. Others made further design improvements such as hardening the metal plates used to make the boxes. In about 1840 Thomas Milner, a Sheffield tinsmith, made the earliest safes that could safely protect their contents from a surrounding fire. This was achieved by including tubes of a substance between the inner and outer walls of the safe that would react to the heat and the contents would put the fire out. In 1851 an Exhibition at London’s Crystal Palace included fire-proof safes from different vendors. William Marr was listed under Fireproof Box Makers in the 1842 London Trades Directory, at 33 Broad Street, and 52 Cheapside. William Marr & Son were appointed to supply Her Majesty’s National Debt Office and other departments in 1860, with the address 9 Walbrook, Vulcan Safe Works, Skin Yard, Bankside, Southwark, London. 1n 1870 the address for William Marr listed under Safe Makers and Agents in the London Trades Directory was 67 Cannon Street. The manufacturer, W Marr, is significant as an inventor of a way to make a strong box fireproof, then patented his secure safe. This invention indicates that security of money was of great importance in the mid-1800s as it continues to be today. The secure safe would have given much comfort to those with investments and savings, as well as to the bank itself, the custodian of other people's money. This safe was made in London and exported to colonial Australia, giving significance to the safe as an item that was high in the list of the needs of the early Australians and their businesses. The safe has local historical significance as it was used by the original Bank of Australasia in Portland, which was built in 1855 and went on to become the ANZ Bank, still in operation today. The bank was an integral part of the establishment and growth of commerce in Colonial Victoria.Safe; heavy metal bank safe, painted green. Double doors each have top and bottom external hinges, and two front panels; the top panels are arched. The thick doors have five sliding locks. Inside is a fixed metal compartment with a locked sliding metal drawer, and several fitted shelves plus some temporary removable shelving. Both doors have a decorative brass knob near the centre opening. Left door has an oval artificial keyhole and a space where another fitting has been attached. The right door has a second brass knob and an oval keyhole. The top panels of the left door has an oval plaque with an inscription; the right door has evidence that there was an oval attachment. Made by W. Marr, London.Text embossed on plaque: "W. MARR / PATENTEE & MANUFACTURER / 52 / /CHEAPSIDE / LONDON" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, safe, bank safe, vault, security, finances, anz bank, portland bank, w marr, william w marr, financial institution, savings, gold exchange, loans, investments, safety, safe maker, lock maker, iron box, strong-room

The domestic sewing box would have been used in the home.A brown varnished rectangular wooden lidded Sewing Box with a lift out top section which has 16 varying sized compartments for storing sewing accessories. There is a has a hollow area underneath the tray. The lid is attached with brass hinges and it has a brass lock and small key. There are several sewing items included - cotton reels and thread, assorted darning thread for hosiery, wool and nylon threads, a box of black pins, assorted sewing needles, thimbles, small decorative sewing scissors, black rolled tape, mixed buttons, hooks and eyes, nickel plated fittings for hats, vintage stocking hooks, a stick of white chalk, two (one green and one ivory) antique cotton thread winders and a medium sized vintage safety pin.a Variety of brands of items include - 'Rite Tone', 'Della Darn' 'C No Darn', 'Clark's Filosheen' hosiery thread, 'Barbour's Linen Wax Thread', 'The Flora MacDonald Best Steel Bodkins' 'National Hat Guard' nickel plated steel and brass fittings, 'Chadwick's Wool and Nylon' reinforcing mending thread, 'The Myrene Snap Studio' size 1 rustless press studs, 'The Pagoda Brand' rolled tape 5 yds, 'Cross Fox Brand' Best quality Steel Stems (long plastic headed pins), 'Toledo' brass thimble and a black box of 'F. Tayler & Co's Solid Headed Mixed Pins'. The brass lock has 'SECURE PATENT' stamped in to it on the inside of the edge of the front of the box. there is also a small VR with a tiny rounded pattern opposite the Patent sign. sewing equipment, sewing box, sewing, embroidery scissors, functional object

a) Nagaoka Record Anti-Static & Disc Guard Kit The Nagaoka STAT-10 is a record protecting agent that serves both to protect your records from static and to significantly reduce record and stylus wear. By using this product you will improve the sound that you hear from your records, but will also protect your records. The unique charge reducing formula significantly reduces the amount of static electricity present on the surface of the vinyl recording. It also reduces the irritating noise produced by the scratches present on the surface of the vinyl recording. This record protecting agent also contains a special lubricant / protecting fluid agent.This lubricant / protecting fluid reduces record wear so that your recordings are as good as new. b) 'PAROSTATIK' Disc preener -: Use while rotating record slowly on Turntable. Press gently during one or two revolutions. Dust collected on plush surface should be removed before re-use. Device has "built-in" anti-static requiring occasional moisture replacement. Remove cap from centre tube withdraw and moisten wick (when dry) with clean water and replace Always return "Parostatik" to case when not in use. Vinyl records became very popular mid 20thC and cleaners were used to preserve the audio quality of the record surface.A box containing Vinyl record cleaning equipment manufactured by a) Nagaoka Pty Ltd Japan and b) 'Parostatik' C.E Watts Pty Ltd England a ) Box : NAGAOKA / A / trademark / NAGAOKA / AUTOMATIC RECORD CLEANER / ORIGINAL BEST PRODUCTS / NAGAOKA & CO LTD. MADE IN JAPAN / AUTOMATIC / RECORD CLEANER / AUTO 1 / NAGAOKA ORIGINAL BEST PRODUCTS b) Packet ; THE / "PAROSTATIK" PATENT .... REGD./ IMPROVED / DISC PREENER / FOR PERFECT RECORD MAINTENANCE Cylinder; Watts / "PAROSTATIK" / DISC PREENER / For perfect record maintenancerecord players, music, vinyl records, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, japan, nagaoka pty ltd ,, watts c. e. pty ltd, parostatik disc preener, england

Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. was a North American jewellery company that was established in 1949 by the Stuart family as part of Emmons Jewelry, Inc. It began operations in England and Australia in 1968, and in Australia it moved from Carlton in Melbourne to Wodonga in 1969. The premises were originally on High St. in Wodonga, but a new warehouse was built in Melbourne Rd. later in 1969. It was a direct selling jewellery business using a party-plan model similar to Tupperware and Avon. The sales reps or 'Hostesses' were provided with jewellery samples in demonstration kits, which they displayed at jewellery parties in their homes. The designs for jewellery such as brooches, necklaces, earrings, chokers and bracelets were purchased from freelance designers and jewellery manufacturers rather than in-house designers. In 1979 Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. in Wodonga was bought by three Australian businessmen, including Wodonga local Jim Sawyer, and continued to sell jewellery under the name "Sargem Pty. Ltd”, for several more years in the 1980s. As part of the Sarah Coventry collection, the pin has local significance with the decentralised commercial development of regional centres such as Wodonga in NE Victoria, as well as national and international significance from the perspective of social and economic developments for women after World War II. The direct selling party-plan business model Sarah Coventry was based on is also considered the first of its kind for jewellery.Small rectangular gold metal pin with a small pearl inlay on the proper left side for 15 years service. The 10 K stamp on the back surface suggests it is 10 karat gold.The abraded areas on the clasp on the back expose underlying silver coloured metal indicating that the clasp is plated. "Sarah / SC / 15 / YRS / Coventry" on the front surface. "cTo ® / .... 10K" stamped in the back surface on the lower proper left side indicating 10 karat gold. The (®) symbol indicates that the manufacturer's mark is federally registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office. The 'cTo' is the trademark by O. C. Tanner Jewelry Co. in Salt Lake City, U.S.sarah coventry, jewellery, wodonga, costume jewellery, vintage fashion jewellery, pin, jewellery pins

The Excelsior IV Log is a nautical instrument for measuring a vessel’s speed and distance travelled. When navigating a ship it is essential to be able to estimate the boat’s speed and distance travelled to determine its position at sea. In times past the only way to measure a ship’s speed was to throw a wood log into the water and observe how fast it moved away from the ship. In the 16th century, the log was fastened to a rope knotted at set intervals. The log was thrown over the stern (back) of the vessel and a crew member counted the number of knots that were paid out in a set time. From this, they could estimate the speed of the vessel through the water. This was known as streaming the log and is also the derivation of the knot as a measurement of nautical speed. The Walker’s Excelsior Mark IV instrument was designed for smaller vessels, such as yachts, launches and fishing vessels. Historical: Thomas Walker & Son was internationally renowned in the manufacturing of ships logs, founding father , Thomas Walker (1805–1871), an engineer in Birmingham, patented a mechanical log in 1878 which was a recording instrument that attached to a rail at the stern of a vessel connected by a long cord with a rotor which was towed behind the ship. The instrument dial recorded the distance travelled. Thomas Walker first went into business to manufacture stoves at 58 Oxford Street Birmingham. Walker’s self-feeding stove was widely lauded at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, winning a prize medal and kick starting the first of many notable innovations for the Walker family's manufacturing business. However, it wasn’t until working on an earlier ship’s log model invented by his Uncle that Thomas Walker became interested in the further development of this device, used to ascertain a ship’s speed. Walker continued to improve on the common log for the company of Massey & Sons and these improvements were deemed revolutionary. This log became a firm favourite of the West India Association (British-based organisation promoting ties and trade with the British Caribbean), being the most common log in use for two generations. It took until 1861 for Thomas Walker and his son, Thomas Ferdinand Walker (1831-1921) to patent the first Walker log of many. Together, with the introduction of the A1 Harpoon Log two years later, they established the Walker Log Business as a force to be reckoned with. By the time of his passing in 1871, Thomas Walker Snr had not only founded a family business with considerable staying power but also instilled a tradition of public service. Having sat as a representative on the Birmingham Town Council for 15 years and played an active role in public works, he was soon given the nickname of ‘Blue Brick Walker’. Much like his father, Thomas Ferdinand Walker changed the face of the maritime industry. His patent of 1897, the ‘Cherub’ log, was a notable departure from the past providing a far more accurate reading and replacing the majority of logs of the age. They were the first to produce an electric log and the Walker factory was one of the first to introduce the 48 hour work week for employees. The ship log was invented and made by a significant marine instrument maker and innovator of machinery. It demonstrates the huge leap taken to improve navigational accuracy at sea with an instrument that was in use for decades.Ship's Taff Rail Log, rope attached. Walker's Excelsior IV Log model. Nautical miles dials: units and 10's. "Walker's Excelsior IV Log", "Made in England by Thomas Walker, Birmingham"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, log register, taff rail log, taffrail log, marine navigation, a1 harpoon log, cherub’ log, walker’s excelsior mark iv log, ship’s log instrument, mechanical ship’s log, measure ship’s speed, nautical instrument, navigation instrument, massey & sons, thomas walker, blue brick walker, thomas walker & son, thomas ferdinand walker, 48 hour work week

This label accompanied a bottle of Dr Bright’s Phosphodyne. It was a form of medicine also known as ozonic oxygen which was developed and patented in 1869 by Dr Charles Bright, a 19th century Resident Surgeon at St Mary’s Hospital London, The medicine claimed to ease ‘indigestion, liver complaints, nervous debility, female complaints, premature decline, local weakness and spermatorrhea’. It was widely sold by chemists throughout Australia in the 19th century and in this case was supplied by the Warrnambool chemist, James Astley Bromfield. He was a significant person in Warrnambool’s history as he produced the 1856 map of the Warrnambool district showing all the original landholders, a seminal resource for historians today. Bromfield had a chemist shop in Warrnambool from 1854 to the late 1880s, initially in Timor Street and then in Liebig Street (number 80 and later number 78). Bromfield was very active in local community affairs. This label is of considerable interest as it shows the use in the 19th century of medicine that today would be labelled ‘quack’. It is of particular interest as it was supplied by James Astley Bromfield’s chemist shop and he is an important early identity in Warrnambool, involved in many activities in the town. He was a Justice of the Peace, a Trustee of the Savings Bank, Chairman of the Western Steam Navigation Company, a Director of the Gasworks and on the committees of the Harbour Committee, the Fire Brigade and the Anglers Protection Society. He was a Warrnambool Councillor (1858-60; 1865-1870) and a Shire Councillor (1875-1883). This is a sheet of paper that accompanied a bottle of Dr Brights’ Phosphodyne medicine. It is buff-coloured with black printed material. It is in two pieces and dog-eared at the edges.warrnambool, dr bright's phosphodyne, james bromfield chemist, warrnambool chemists

Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula KMnO4. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely pink or purple solutions, the evaporation of which leaves prismatic purplish-black glistening crystals. c1859 London chemist Henry Bollmann Condy had an interest in disinfectants; he found that fusing pyrolusite with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and dissolving it in water produced a solution with disinfectant properties. He patented this solution, and marketed it as 'Condy's Fluid'. Although effective, the solution was not very stable. This was overcome by using potassium hydroxide (KOH) rather than NaOH. This was more stable, and had the advantage of easy conversion to the equally effective potassium permanganate crystals. This crystalline material was known as 'Condy's crystals' or 'Condy's powder'. Potassium permanganate was comparatively easy to manufacture.A brown glass bottle with a red plastic topped cork stopper for 'Tromax' , 'Purple Crystals' ie Permanganate of Potash , that was used as an antiseptic and disimfectant.TROMAX BRAND / PURPLE CRYSTALS/ or Permanganate of Potash / (Poisonous )/ For Household and Medicinal Uses / 2oz. / TROMAX / A PRODUCT OF/ SIGMA Co.Ltd. / MANF. CHEMISTS / MELBOURNE. Directions for Use are on back of bottlepharmacy, medicines, tromax, purple crystals, permaganate of potash, disinfectants, sigma co.ltd. melbourne, athritis, glassware, bottles, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham

A washboard is a tool designed for hand washing clothing. With mechanized cleaning of clothing becoming more common by the end of the 20th century. The traditional washboard is usually constructed with a rectangular wooden frame in which are mounted a series of ridges or corrugations for the clothing to be rubbed upon. For 19th-century washboards, the ridges were often of wood; by the 20th century, ridges of metal were more common. A "fluted" metal washboard was patented in the United States by Stephen Rust in 1833. Zinc washboards were manufactured in the United States from the middle of the 19th century. In the late 20th century and early 21st century, ridges of galvanized steel are most common. Clothes are soaked in hot soapy water in a wash tub or sink, then squeezed and rubbed against the ridged surface of the washboard to force the cleaning fluid through the cloth to carry away dirt. A significant item for cleaning clothes still in use today in many countries giving a snapshot into the domestic life of a housewife.Washboard wooden rectangular with wood grid and 2 legsNoneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, clothes washing, cleaning, 19th century washing appliances, scrub board, washboard

Georg Chodziesner made this chanukiah in Hay Camp in 1940. It was made to celebrate the Jewish festival of Chanukah. Georg was born in 1900 in Berlin to a prominent Jewish advocate Justizrat, Ludwig and wife Elise. Fearing arrest at the outbreak of war, Georg fled Germany to the United Kingdom. His wife, Dorothea, and son, Wolfgang Benno, emigrated to Chile. Like many German Jewish men, Georg found himself on board the HMT Dunera, bound for interment at Tatura. On release, Georg joined the Australian Army 8th Employment Company in which he served for the remainder of the war. Georg sought permission for his son to join him in Australia, and the pair were reunited in Melbourne in May 1945. Dorothea had passed away from illness in 1943. After settling in Australia, Georg worked as a Patent Attorney and remained working at the same firm until his death in 1981.This Chanukiah was cut from a kerosene tin using nail scissors and mounted on a wood block base. Medium: Wood, tin and ink The Chanukiah is embossed with a Magen David, the Star of David, and the wooden base has a poker work inscription: "Hay 5701 / 1940".dunera, wwii, internment, jewish history & people

No specific information is available for this object. However, fountain pens originated in France in 1827, with the first patent attributed to a Parisian student named Romanian Petrache Poenaru. The fountain pen typically has a fine stainless-steel tip that is filled with ink via an ink well. Widespread production of fountain pens occurred from 1857, with new designs having improved filling techniques. Fountain pens became popular with professionals, such as barristers, professors, doctors, and accountants for over 100 years. The only downside to using fountain pens was their tendency to sometimes leak onto documents, so in the 1950s, they were made with disposable cartridges. The cartridges made the pens more popular, especially with university students. For this reason, in the early 1960s, fountain pens were renamed cartridge pens and were deemed the best writing instrument in most schools.This object is an example of the use of fountain pens in domestic households and professional workplaces since 1827.A solid and complete green and gold patterned fountain pen.There is green shimmer-like decorative patterning on the body with gold-coloured veining.pen, fountain pen, ink, france, chiltern athenaeum museum, victoria

No specific information is available for this object. However, fountain pens originated in France in 1827, with the first patent attributed to a Parisian student named Romanian Petrache Poenaru. The fountain pen typically has a fine stainless-steel tip that is filled with ink via an ink well. Widespread production of fountain pens occurred from 1857, with new designs having improved filling techniques. Fountain pens became popular with professionals, such as barristers, professors, doctors, and accountants for over 100 years. The only downside to using fountain pens was their tendency to sometimes leak onto documents, so in the 1950s, they were made with disposable cartridges. The cartridges made the pens more popular, especially with university students. For this reason, in the early 1960s, fountain pens were renamed cartridge pens and were deemed the best writing instrument in most schools.This object is an example of the use of fountain pens in domestic households and professional workplaces since 1827.A solid and complete black patterned fountain pen.There is black decorative patterning on the body.pen, fountain pen, ink, france, chiltern athenaeum museum, victoria

Heywood Waterworks Trust was constituted on 20 November 1962 upon application by Councillors of the Shire of Portland to construct, manage and maintain the works for the supply of water to the township of Heywood. The Trust was abolished on 1 July 1984 under the Water and Sewerage (Restructuring) Act 1983 when it amalgamated with the Heywood Sewerage Authority to form Heywood Water BoardA cast iron seal press, . This was used by Heywood Waterworks Trust to emboss agreements and official documents. Die is still attached to the press. It reads: Heywood Waterworks Trust 1963Small metal machine painted black and mounted onto a black rubber base. Two dies are attached with the seal of Heywood Waterworks Trust. Paper is placed between the dies, the handle depressed and the seal embossed on the paper under pressure as a blind (inkless) embossing. The seal consists of two circles with the wording "Heywood Waterworks Trust".Heywood Waterworks Trust 1963/ Excello / Reg Trade Mark/ Seal Press/ Pat NO 420419/Size No 2/Inscription on rubber base: "EXCELLO SEAL PRESS" / REGD TRADE MARK / 1. PATENT ROLLER BEARING HANDLE PAT. NO. 420419 / 2. DURABLE PLASTIC COUNTER / 3. RUBBER DESK PROTECTOR / STANDARD RUBBER TYPE CO. LTD. / TOKYO JAPAN"heywood, public administration, water supply, amalgamations

Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. was a North American jewellery company that was established in 1949 by the Stuart family as part of Emmons Jewelry, Inc. It began operations in England and Australia in 1968, and in Australia it moved from Carlton in Melbourne to Wodonga in 1969. The premises were originally on High St. in Wodonga, but a new warehouse was built in Melbourne Rd. later in 1969. It was a direct selling jewellery business using a party-plan model similar to Tupperware and Avon. The sales reps or 'Hostesses' were provided with jewellery samples in demonstration kits, which they displayed at jewellery parties in their homes. The designs for jewellery such as brooches, necklaces, earrings, chokers and bracelets were purchased from freelance designers and jewellery manufacturers rather than in-house designers. In 1979 Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. in Wodonga was bought by three Australian businessmen, including Wodonga local Jim Sawyer, and continued to sell jewellery under the name "Sargem Pty. Ltd”, for several more years in the 1980s. As part of the Sarah Coventry collection, the pin has local significance with the decentralised commercial development of regional centres such as Wodonga in NE Victoria, as well as national and international significance from the perspective of social and economic developments for women after World War II. The direct selling party-plan business model Sarah Coventry was based on is also considered the first of its kind for jewellery.Small rectangular gold metal pin for five years service with a faceted pink stone inlay on the proper left side, the name and initials of Sarah Coventry in the central area and three flowers on the proper right side. The 10 K stamp on the back surface suggests it is made of 10 karat gold. Abraded areas on the high points of the clasp on the back surface expose underlying silver coloured metal indicating that the clasp is plated."Sarah / SC / 5 YRS / Coventry" on the front surface. "® cTo / 10 K" stamped into the back surface on the lower proper left side, indicating 10 karat gold. The (®) symbol indicates that the manufacturer's mark is federally registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office. The 'cTo' is the trademark by O. C. Tanner Jewelry Co. in Salt Lake City, U.S.sarah coventry, jewellery, wodonga, costume jewellery, vintage fashion jewellery, pin, jewellery pins

Shortcut template to aid in entering software instructionsFold up plastic manual master template to aid in writing programs using AutoCAD and LANDCADD software. Columns 1-25, Rows A-Y. Two holes punched in top.LANDCADD INTERNATIONAL Design Software for the Environment MASTER TEMPLATE R 12 Ver. 2.x . Autodesk Strategic Developer USA awards 1987- 1991. Lists tech support hotline to the USA. Registered US Patent and Trademarks in USA. 1986-1993 LANDCADD International. 1986-1992 Autodesk Inc. The manual is laid out in rows A-Y and Columns 1-25 .software, landcadd, environmental software, master template, design software

This vaporiser has a main cylindrical body with a step up to the dial plate with a small red latch to lock dial in to place.On the front of the body sits a square gauge to indicate the level FULL along with a long rectangular shape.There is an Inlet and outlet valve that sits behind the metal dial.There is a manufacturers plate sitting on top of the dial and the inlet/outlet valve. Inscribed on top plate: KEEP UPRIGHT/ PENTEC 2/ WHEN CHARGED •Inscribed on inlet & oulet valve plate: PENTEC 2/ SERIAL NO 252939/ PATENTS PENDING •MADE IN / ENGLAND BY/ CYPRANE LTD / KEIGHLEY •Metal dial has inscribed: OFF/.2 .5 1 1.5 2 Max •Inscribed on front plate in green writing: USE ONLY/ PENTHRANE/ (METHOXYFLURANE)penthrane, vaporizer, anaesthesia, anaesthetic machine

A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for turning (driving or removing) screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, and a tip that the user inserts into the screw head to turn it. The shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip may be hardened to resist wear, treated with a dark tip coating for improved visual contrast between tip and screw—or ridged or treated for additional 'grip'. Handle are typically wood, metal, or plastic and usually hexagonal, square, or oval in cross-section to improve grip and prevent the tool from rolling when set down. The handle and shaft of screwdrivers have changed considerably over time. The "Perfect Pattern Handle’ screwdriver was first manufactured by HD Smith & Company, which operated from 1850 to 1900. Screwdrivers were probably invented in the late 15th century, either in Germany or France when Screws were used to construct screw-cutting lathes, for securing breastplates, backplates, and helmets on medieval jousting armor—and eventually for multiple parts of the emerging firearms, particularly the matchlock. The jaws that hold the pyrites inside medieval guns were secured with screws, and the need to constantly replace the pyrites resulted in considerable refinement of the screwdriver. The screwdriver depended entirely on the screw, and it took several advances to make the screw easy enough to produce to become popular and widespread Canadian P.L. Robertson, though he was not the first person to patent the idea of socket-head screws, was the first to successfully commercialize them, starting in 1908. In Portland, Oregon, Henry F. Phillips patented his own invention, an improved version of a deep socket with a cruciform slot, today known as the Phillips Screw. Phillips offered his screw to the American Screw Company, and after a successful trial on the 1936 Cadillac, it quickly swept through the American auto industry. A main attraction for the screw was that conventional slotted screwdrivers could also be used on them, which was not possible with the Robertson Screw. A large steel screwdriver with worn wooden handlepioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, brighton, tools, craftsman, carpenters, , blacksmiths, builders, farmers, metalwork, woodwork, screws, philllips head screwdrivers, h.d.smith & co usa, p.l. robertson, henry f.phillips , oregon, canada, american screw company,

[a] Ten page Golden City Implement Co catalogue with company name and Cameron & Sutherland, proprietors Bendigo printed on cover. Catalogue predates 1925 as a Mr Osborne bought business that year. Horse drawn agricultural machinery indicates an early 20th Century date. Illustrations of Beam Scarifiers with patent points & tynes, Disc Cultivators, Spike Roller, Drag Harrows, Harrow Cart, Mould Board Plows, Circular Coulter, Earth Scoop, Pulley Chain Jokes, Fluted Spring Steel Swings & Pipe Bars, Leveller and Smoother, Delver and Crowder, Buck Scraper, Louvre Grader, Stock Troughs, Windmill Parts are listed. [b] Newspaper clipping dated 21/2/90 contains photograph of Charlie and Walter Osborne amid the clutter of their foundry. A brief history of the foundry is included. A complete print out of the catalogue book, (8201a), has been listed in the book collection at Nolan Street Bendigo .bendigo, industry, agriculture.

Sixteen page book with brown paper covers in addition. Pages printed on art paper with a red overprint on some pages. Titled "Nachod Signals", published by the Nachod and United States Signal Co. Inc, successors to Nachod Signal Co of Louisville Kentucky. Has a list of dates on page 2, of patents, the last being 5/2/1918. Has on the bottom of most pages "Nachod Spells Safety" Details the Nachod signals system, type CD with the details of the operation, elements of the system, signal layout, installation and wiring, trolley Contactors, signal aspects, relays, assembly on poles, ordering information, fuses, special designs and modifications, information in ordering, quantity and list of material, and specification details of the Type P on the last three pages. See also Reg Item 3318 for another US company system, received by ESCo at the same time. Indicates that the Nachod and US Signal Company had merged.On top of page 1 "Ballarat Tramway Preservation Society Catalogue No. 3" in black ink and overstamped ESCO's date stamp of 4 Nov. 1926. On page 2 at bottom :"Nachod and United States Signal Co. Inc successors to" has been overstamped. trams, tramways, signals, railways, tramways

These are sales photographs for William Tatham Ltd. of Rochdale. These photographs are taken in the fitting shop at William Tatham Ltd. where final assembly would have taken place. The scribbler was the first part of a group of machines known collectively as the carding engine. The photographed machine was made by William Tatham Ltd, a textile engineering company based in Rochdale, UK. Established in 1866 Tatham developed innovative textile machinery and send their products to Australia and other countries around the world.A black and white photo of a Two-Part Scribbler in a landscape format.Front - top margin: For description see over. Front bottom right corner - 1076 Rear - Two-Part Scribbler, Semi-Continental Type with Patent Automatic Feed having Extended Hopper. Cylinders in this case are 50” diam. Doffers 36” diam. Drive to strippers and other parts by ‘V’ Belts. Note improved guarding to Fancy Chain Drives, also feeder gearing.textile machinery, tatham, wool manufacture, scribbler, carding

Donated by Cliff Marshall the brother of Clyde Marshal who was a RAAF Medical Orderly and served with 2 Squadron in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968.Australian servicemen on duty in Vietnam who smoked generally had Zippo Lighters. It was a smoking accessory that was widely known worldwide and made popular in Australia by returning veterans. Rectangular stainless steel liquid fuel cigarette lighter with flip up lid.Internally a pull out receptacle that contains cotton absorbent wad to soak up the liquid fuel, flint tube and wick. The exposed top half has the flint striker roller, exposed wick, flame shield and locking toggle.On flip up lid “CLYDE / MARSHALL” on reverse VIETNAM /67-68; on case [RAAF MEDICAL INSIGNIA]. On reverse side “map of South Vietnam and North Vietnam showing names of towns, Danang, Hue Quihon Nhatrang Camranh Phanrang, Saigon Hanoi, Haiphong, Haiman, and South Vietnam flag. The base in inscribed with manufacturers name and patent number "BRANDFORD PA/ZIPPO/PAT.2517191"zippo, cigarette lighter, smoking accessories

Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. was a North American jewellery company that was established in 1949 by the Stuart family as part of Emmons Jewelry, Inc. It began operations in England and Australia in 1968, and in Australia it moved from Carlton in Melbourne to Wodonga in 1969. The premises were originally on High St. in Wodonga, but a new warehouse was built in Melbourne Rd. later in 1969. It was a direct selling jewellery business using a party-plan model similar to Tupperware and Avon. The sales reps or 'Hostesses' were provided with jewellery samples in demonstration kits, which they displayed at jewellery parties in their homes. The designs for jewellery such as brooches, necklaces, earrings, chokers and bracelets were purchased from freelance designers and jewellery manufacturers rather than in-house designers. In 1979 Sarah Coventry Pty. Ltd. in Wodonga was bought by three Australian businessmen, including Wodonga local Jim Sawyer, and continued to sell jewellery under the name "Sargem Pty. Ltd”, for several more years in the 1980s. As part of the Sarah Coventry collection, the pin has local significance with the decentralised commercial development of regional centres such as Wodonga in NE Victoria, as well as national and international significance from the perspective of social and economic developments for women after World War II. The direct selling party-plan business model Sarah Coventry was based on is also considered the first of its kind for jewellery.Small rectangular gold metal pin with a faceted pink stone inlay on the proper left side and a faceted clear stone on the proper right side. Two raised flower motifs on the proper right side. The 10k stamped on the back surface suggests it is made of 10 karat gold.The abraded areas on the clasp on the back expose underlying silver coloured metal indicating that the clasp is plated."Sarah / SC / 10 YRS / Coventry" raised inscription on the front surface. "® cTo / 10 K" stamped on the lower proper left side of the back surface, indicating 10 karat gold. The ® symbol indicates that the manufacturer's mark is federally registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office. The 'cTo' is the trademark by O. C. Tanner Jewelry Co. in Salt Lake City, U.S.sarah coventry, jewellery, wodonga, costume jewellery, vintage fashion jewellery, pin, jewellery pin

These wax tapers belonged to Dr.William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. They were donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by his daughter, Bernice McDade. They are part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”.The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other items and equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery.Two cardboard boxes of long, white wax tapers that have cotton wicks. Box 1 is blue and Box 2 is red. Both boxes have labels and inscriptions. The object is part of the W.R. Angus Collection. Box 1: 'Price's Dropless White Tapers Medium. 2 oz. For Lighting Candles, Gas & C. Manufactured in Great Britain. This label is issued by the Australian Candle Co. 859.' Also on the Price's logo: 'Price's Patent Candle Company Limited. London & Liverpool.' Box 2: 'Olympia Wax Tapers. Made by Olympia Waxes, Melbourne, Victoria. Two dozen Olympia Wax Tapers.'flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, wax tapers, candles, lighting, price's dropless white tapers, olympia wax tapers, gas stoves, gas lamps, gas fires, w.r. angus

This Carte-de-viste (CdV) previously belonged to the donor's grandfather, Daniel Mullins who was a Police Officer stationed at Glenrowan soon after the Kelly gang siege. It is unclear; however, whether or not the man depicted in the photograph is Daniel Mullins or a different police officer. The Police Station at Glenrowan depicted in this CdV stood during the events of the Kelly gang's siege. Today, the siege has become an important part of Australian culture and Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang (comprising of Ned Kelly, Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne) has become ingrained in Australian history and mythology. A CdV is a sepia toned photograph mounted on card and is generally of a small size. This particular style was first patented by Andre Adolphe Eugene Disdéri (1819-1889) in 1854. In 1857, the CdV was introduced to England and after photographs of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their family were taken using CdV in 1860 the popularity of this method reached a peak. This photograph is part of the Burke Museum "Kelly album" which includes a significant collection of photographs and artefacts connected to Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang. Ned Kelly and his gang have become ingrained in Australian popular culture and thus many museums, art galleries and private collections house material connected to the Kelly story which allows the events and people to be researched and interpreted. Items pertaining to the Kelly gang, including photographs like this one which depicts a police officer standing outside of the Glenrowan Police Station, are of great historical significance. Photographs like this can provide valuable information on the architecture, lifestyle and dress of colonial Australia. When studied, photographs have the ability to shed more light on the events of the Kelly gang and colonial Australia. This photograph is also of artistic significance because of the popularity of the CdV during the nineteenth century.A sepia toned photograph mounted on grey card with rounded corners. The image has been captured by an unknown photographer and depicts the outside the Glenrowan Police Station. In front of the Station stands an unidentified policeman and lying on the ground behind the policeman is a medium sized dog with dark colouring. The Police Station depicted in this photograph is a classic example of Australian country colonial architecture typically seen dating to the nineteenth century. It has the typical features of an Australian colonial 'miners' cottage' with the gable roof and a skillion at rear. A white picket fence is stands between the Station and the policeman. A small building is located at the rear of the Station which may have served as a lockup.BMM 8083kelly album, glenrowan, police, police station, photograph, ned kelly, australia, colonial australia, victoria, james bray, william e barnes, daniel mullins

According to the Victorian Patents Office Copyright Collection (VPOCC) index, Barnes' image was first published on July 3, 1880. Many of the photographs taken by William Barnes concerned with the Kelly Gang were registered with the VPOCC which has ensured their survival in the State Library of Victoria today. Thus image includes the depiction of Sergeant Arthur Loftus Maule Steele (kneeling in front row) surrounded by seven other men. These men are identified as belonging to the Wangaratta police who played a key part in the destruction of the Kelly Gang at Glenrowan. These men could include Constables Causey, Montiford, Patrick Healey, Walsh, William Moore, Dixon and James Dwyer. It is also suggested that the individual standing back right (in the dark coat) is Constable Hugh Bracken, a key figure in the Glenrowan Siege. The police in this image display their firearms in a manner which reflects photographs of hunters, an element which was typical for this period. This photograph is part of the Burke Museum "Kelly album" which includes a significant collection of photographs and artefacts connected to Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang. Ned Kelly and his gang have become ingrained in Australian popular culture and thus many museums, art galleries and private collections house material connected to the Kelly story which allows the events and people to be researched and interpreted. Artefacts and photographs pertaining to the Kelly gang are particularly valuable for Australian museums. This particular photograph is significant for its connection to Wangaratta photographer William Barnes who is responsible for having taken and registered many images depicting members of the Kelly gang. The photograph is also of artistic significance as an example of a photograph dating to 1880. This image depicts members of the Wangaratta police shortly after the defeat of the Kelly gang at Glenrowan. This photograph has the capacity to provide important information about the police who took part in Glenrowan 1880 and depicts key figures like Sergeant Steele.Sepia photograph taken by professional photographer William Edward Barnes (1941-1916) in June of 1880. The photo depicts a contingent of Wangaratta police who were at the capture of the Kelly gang at Glenrowan on the 28th of June 1880. This group of eight men are photographed standing in front of foliage and between the sides of two brick structures. Four men stand upright behind four other men who are depicted in either a sitting, semi-lying or kneeling position.W.E.Barnes / photographer / Wangaratta / BMM8085 Police responsible / for Kelly's capture / (D.S. not there)kelly album, glenrowan, police, wangaratta police, ned kelly, ned kelly glenrowan, william barnes, photography, 1880, australian history, police photograph, sargent steele, sergeant steele

The book was compiled for the proprietor, L Oertling (Ludwig Oertling), who established his firm of precision scientific instruments in 1849 and went on to become well-known in Britain for its manufacture of precision instruments, particularly its balance scales. In 1865 Ludwig Oertling and business partner Edward Wilds Laad at 27 Moorgate Street London were granted Patent 75 for the invention of improvements in hydrometers. The firm was situated at Turnmill Street, London, in 1922, when it advertised its products including hydrometers, petroleumeters, saccharometers, balances and weights, and automatic coin weighing machines in the British Industries Fair catalogue. In 1925 the firm became part of the Avery group of companies, which acquired Stanton Instruments in 1968 and about two years later Stantons merged into L. Oertling Ltd. Joseph Long has been mentioned by some sources as the author of this book, written for the proprietor of L. Oertling Ltd.The book has been recognised as being culturally important as a basis for our current civilization. It was of great importance to the Board of Revenue for the collectors of taxes and duties Customs Offices, and used in the calculation of alcohol levels in wine and spirits.Reference book, hardcover, burgundy with gold text and lines. Cloth cover with embossed design. Title: Tables for Ascertaining The Strength of Spirits for ascertaining the strengths of spirits with Sike's Hydrometer; Compiled for L. Oetlihg, by appointment, sole manufacturer of Hydrometers & Saccharometers to the Board of Inland Revenue. [some sources say the author is Joseph Long] Published in Turnmill Street, London, near Farringdon Street Station Printer: Printed in London, England by George Berridge and Co, Eastcheap Works, ECflagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, l. oertling, ludwig oertling., precision balances, edward wilds ladd, patent 75, improvements in hydrometers, hydrometer, automatic balance for weighing sovereigns, hydrometers, petroleometers, saccharometers, balances and weights, automatic coin-weighing machines, avery group, stanton instruments, l. oertling ltd, testing machine, tables for hydrometers, strength of spirits, alcohol content, alcohol measurement, board of revenue, joseph long

Bung borer are a class of tools that bore a tapered hole in a wooden barrel, cask or flask, the tool makes a graduated tapered hole called a bung hole. The bung that goes into the hole can be made from wood, rubber or cork to make a tight seal or a tap is used to dispense the liquid inside the barrel. Often two holes would be made the first in the middle of the barrel and its highest location when laying on its side, this is use to fill the barrel. The second one, with the barrel now standing up, would be bored on one side of the head, near the rim, opposite the filling bung. That would be the one that would receive a tapered wooden or metal tap for dispensing liquid. There have been many models of bung borer used, the age old pattern is of a simple tapered spoon, later more sophisticated models would appear to do the same job and over the years numerous types of design have been patented.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Bung borer threaded with wooden handle. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, barrel bung hole borer, barrels, coopers tools

A hair fashion accessory for 20thCentury ladies. Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organics that are malleable and can be moulded into solid objects of diverse shapes. Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products. They displaced many traditional materials, such as wood, stone, horn and bone, leather, paper, metal, glass, and ceramic, in most of their former uses including jewellery. Parkesine is considered the first man-made plastic. The plastic material was patented by Alexander Parkes, In Birmingham, UK in 1856.The world's first fully synthetic plastic was bakelite, invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland who coined the term 'plastics'. After World War I, improvements in chemical technology led to an explosion in new forms of plastics, with mass production beginning in the 1940s during World War 11 due to shortages of silk and ivory.A plastic, tortoise shell pattern, lady's hair-comb in the mantilla style with diamante decoration.hair fashion, hairdressing, coiffure, plastic, personal effects, jewellery, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, world war 1 1914-1918, world war 11 1939-1945, silk, ivory, bakelite,

Bung borer are a class of tools that bore a tapered hole in a wooden barrel, cask or flask, the tool makes a graduated tapered hole called a bung hole. The bung that goes into the hole can be made from wood, rubber or cork to make a tight seal or a tap is used to dispense the liquid inside the barrel. Often two holes would be made the first in the middle of the barrel and its highest location when laying on its side, this is use to fill the barrel. The second one, with the barrel now standing up, would be bored on one side of the head, near the rim, opposite the filling bung. That would be the one that would receive a tapered wooden or metal tap for dispensing liquid. There have been many models of bung borer used, the age old pattern is of a simple tapered spoon, later more sophisticated models would appear to do the same job and over the years numerous types of design have been patented.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with an historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, item assessed as a collection asset as it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Bung borer threaded with wooden handle. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, barrel bung hole borer, barrels, coopers tools