This little bag of "whitener" additive for the washing of white clothes was manufactured in Hull in the United Kingdom mid and later 1900's. The Manufacturer, Ricketts, was one of the first manufacturers to employ women in equal proportions with males (a rarity before 1914). This product was used to improve the appearance of white fabrics. This ability to use a product that would "whiten" clothes chemically rather than the "hard boiling" of clothes was a time saver and a lot easier on the fabrics. This is a boon to rural families where time was of the essence (boiling took time). The blue coloring was introduced because the white colour perception is enhanced by the blue (fadeable and not permanent). The "washing machine industry" of the late 1900's emphasised "whitening" agents that were not so haphazard in producing blue stains, and allowed a "gentle" washing action. This item is very significant in detailing the early 1900's rural household domestic "chore" of washing white clothes to a "social" standard of cleanliness. White shirts were the mark cleanliness that those outside of the family judged the family unit by. The best clothes were worn to church on Sundays. Hard and mostly rural activities/work in the Kiewa Valley encompassing farming, crop cultivation, cattle/sheep and "field work" to do with the SEC Vic Hydro Scheme involved provided a stain prone environment. As appearances, of clothing, was on the whole not significant it was a different scenario at social and religious scenes. The ability to attain "brilliant" white shirts, dresses and bonnets by a less drastic method to that of "boiling" of clothes in vats, was a boon of that "era". The anti establishment revolt came later in the 1950's onward took longer to migrate from the cities and larger rural townships to eventually sneak into the Kiewa valley.This "blue bag" is a whitening agent wrapped in flannel or muslin, or sold ready bagged (1 ounce).It was used in the final rinse to "whiten white coloured clothes" The string was used to facilitate finger grip onto the "bag" after the wash had finished for easy removal to stop the hand and other surfaces from being stained by the blue colour residue drips.domestic and commercial laundries, starch and whitening additive, washing brightener

WO Harold Jackson Bailey Burrell mentioned on P.10 B.E.M. Section.This is a foolscap size booklet. The front cover is white cardboard with the Royal Crest. The printing is in black ink and there is a decorative rectangular around the title. Inside are 12 pages. Printed in block letters are the Rank and Names for Honours. In lower case is a brief paragraph as to why the award was given.souvenir, booklet, queens investitture

The plan was photo-lithographed at the Departmen tof Lands and Survey, MelbourneA parish plan of Buninyong, including Robert Scott's Mt Buninyong Pre-emptive Right, Mt Buninyong Public Park, Thomas Learmonth's land, John Learmonth's land, Scotchan's, Yendon. The Buninyong POst Office is Allotment 1. Pisition of tracks in 1859 have been marked on the plan in red.buninyong, scotchman's, mt buninyong, robert scott, clarendon, lal lal creek, yendon, warrenheip, yarowee, enfield, thomas learmonth, john learmonth, archibald fisken, g. schloo, george innes, peter inglis, durham lead, j. fry, j. forrest, parkin lee, buninyong recreation reserve

Part of WILLIAM HOLMES Collection. Refer Cat No 2548.2P for his service details. .1) Junior Cadet Record for WILLIAM HOLMES, folded, dated 11.8.1911. .2) Discharged Soldiers Qualification Certificate approving WILLIAM HOLMES for mixed farming dated 9.5.1919. .3) Volunteer Defence Corps certificate detailing WILLIAM HOLMES' service dated 10.12.1942.documents - army records, documents - certificates

A local identity of Rhyll, Phillip IslandFull length sepia photograph mounted on cardboard of woman in long, dark dress and pale coloured hat. Posed in a studio.Annie Reidlocal identity, annie reid nee saunders, photograph, portrait

Bone China jug, with kangaroo shaped handle with hand painted relief scenes First Nations Peoples brandishing spears at Captain Cook’s sailors, Captain Cook taking possession of the country at Botany Bay April 1770 The words to Advance Australia Fair are also printed . Along the base is a color painted relief of a bullock cart containing logs.souvenirs, captain cook, botany bay, advance australia fair, indigenous, kangaroo, endeavour

A brief history of the areas of Strathfieldsaye, Junortoun, Longlea, Axedale, Kimbolton, Redesdale, Lyal, Myrtle Creek, Axe Creek, Eppalock, Emu Creek, Sedgwick, Mandurang, Mandurang South and Diamond Hill.399 pages, illus. Hard cover.bendigo

Map of the Victorian counties of Bourke and Evelyn showing parish boundaries and land ownership.Show the original landholders for this area.Map on light brown parchment, covered in plastic."L.5305" and "3462"

This particular glass bowl was a favoured ornamental type room "brightener" in the early 1900's. Although referred to as a "nappy bowl" this bowl has not the capacity for nappies but for nappy pins. This was a period in time before the nappy ties and instant nappy covers.This has relevance as an object that was both practical for the early 1900's nappy changes and provided some visual relief for any "drab" household ambience, especial in rural homes. The early to mid 1900's, rural households, on the whole, were more practical and not designed for entertainment. This reflected the more serious nature which were governed by aspects of providing a living from the land and unreliable weather. By placing visually attractive ornaments within various rooms (lounge/living rooms) the transformation from a stark external environment to a more warm and friendly area was achieved. This dark amber (Marigold) carnival glass 5 inch nappy bowl has a Kookaburra press molded base and wattle blossom with waratah and flannel flower sides. The bowl has a twelve scolloped rippled rim. Initially this type of bowl was reintroduced(from Roman times) into the 19th and 20th Century (modern age) by a United States glass manufacturer..Manufacturer's mark at the base illegible nappy bowls, nappy pin holders, visual mood changing ornaments

This pamphlet would have been produced as a tourist guide to East Gippsland.This item is a useful reference tool.A three fold glossy, pamphlet titled"Lake Tyers Forest Park". It contains information, a map and black / white photographs of Lake Tyers Park. Print colours are brown, white, yellow and black.pamphlet lake tyers-forest-park

These survey plans are a useful research tool.A flat green fabric folder with a white label with "SNOWY RIVER FLATS" hand-written in black. It contains plans.plans-survey snowy-river-flats department-crown-lands-victoria

Pleated ruffles were a fashionable trimming for ladies’ clothing in the late 19th century - early 20th century. Dressmakers and classy laundries offering “fancy” ironing services both had plenty of use for a pleating machine. Pleating machines were sold for home use too.This item is an example of a machine not commonly used today.Metal and wood pleating machine, still in working order. Handles are carved wood.textile-machinery sewing pleating-machine

Another name for Pastoral Holdings is squatting runs. Information on Alfred Stephen Kenyon of the Historical Society of Victoria can be found at http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/kenyon-alfred-stephen-6936/text12035 Map of Victoria showing the boundaries of the Port Phillip District (Victoria) pastoral boundaries. pastoral holdings, squatters, squatting, victoria, land, crown lands, a.s. kenyon, alfred stephen kenyon

Dereel is in western Victoria.Geological map of Dereel in the County of Grenville featuing six colours (predominantly grey and yellow). WGS 84 Centroid Lat: 37 degrees 48 feet 50 inches S Long:143 degrees 42 feet 10 inches S N-S: 6.4 km E-W: 15.2 km dereel, ferdinand krause, crown lands department, plan

A plan of Carngham, Victoria.snake valley, timber reserve, poverty point, recreation reserve, carngham, county of ripon, county of grenville, plan

Scale [1:31 680]. 40 chains to 1 in.Geological map on a cadastral base, showing the occurence of reefs, and alluvial deposits. Relief shown by contours.dowling forest, wyndholm, wyndholm pre-emptive right, miners rest, ballarat racecourse, winter's swamp, police reserve, miner's rest, winters swamp, geology

Coloured plan of Mannibadar, County of Grenville.mannibadar, pitfield, mount bute, emu hills, woady yalouk river, geology, plan

Yellow cover with photos of amber glass chemist bottles An Australian bi-monthly magazine for collectors of Antique Bottles.antique bottles, collections

Index, ill (b/w plates), p.362.non-fictionAt 11:28 a.m. on Saturday, August 12, 2000, high in the Arctic Circle under the roiling surface of the unforgiving Barents Sea, Captain Gennady Lyachin was taking the Kursk, the pride of Russia's elite Northern Fleet, through the last steps of firing a practice torpedo, part of an elaborate naval exercise. Suddenly, the torpedo exploded in a massive fireball, instantly incinerating all seven men in the submarine's forward compartment. The horror, however, was just beginning. The full, gripping story of the remarkable drama inside the Kursk and of the desperate rescue efforts has never been told - until now.russian submarine kursk explosion, submarine disasters - russia

Round white ceramic plate with various royal, imperial and military gold emblems bordering an image of a brown building. Original cardboard box has also been retained.Front: "Commemorative Plate for the official opening of the Queen Elizabeth II Army Memorial Museum 15th October 1978" Back: "Queen Elizabeth II / Army Memorial Museum Plate / This plate has been created as one of 2,000 only, to commemorate the official opening of the Queen Elizabeth II Army Memorial Museum in Waiouru, by the Governor-General, Hist Excellency the Rt Hon Sir Keith Holyoake, GCMG, CH, on the 15th October 1978. / This plate design was authorised by the Chief of General Staff, Major General R.D.P. Hassett, CB, CBE, and approved by the New Zealand Herald of Arms. / 319"ceramic, commemorative plate, army memorial museum plate, army memorial museum

A alphabetical list of townships proclaimed under the Land Acts of Victoria. Shows the parish, land district and the municipality in which each is situated, and the particulars of Gazettal of Proclamation.victorian geographical names, victorian administration

The cadastral map of the Parish of Moorabbin in Victoria (L.6104) shows parish boundaries and land ownership 1920 when Sandringham was a Town. The government roads have been coloured in red pencil.moorabbin, county of bourke, map, plan, land subdivision, land titles, foreshores, hampton, beaumaris, highett, cheltenham, department of lands and survey, land owners, cartographic material, brighton, sandringham, town of sandringham, government roads

The cadastral map of the Parish of Moorabbin in Victoria (L.6104) shows parish boundaries and land ownership c. 1918 when Sandringham was a Borough.moorabbin, county of bourke, map, plan, land subdivision, land titles, foreshores, sndringham, hampton, beaumaris, highett, cheltenham, department of lands and survey, land owners, cartographic material, borough of sandringham, brighton

map, plan, foreshores, sndringham, hampton, beaumaris, cheltenham, department of lands and survey, cartographic material, borough of sandringham, moorabbin, black rock, street map, city of sandringham

127 p. : ill., facsimsbottles - collectors and collecting - australia