Hand operated water pumps were used to supply water prior to the widespread use of windmill pumps, electric pumps and city water systems. Usually an old pump was made from cast iron, wood or tin. Pumps were very important to people up through the 19th century as farm houses seldom had indoor plumbing with running water. These pumps were also used for outdoor irrigation or laundry purposes.Hand operated water pumps were important before indoor plumbing was adequate. An iron water pump - hand-operated by a lever to the side. A plunger moves up and down (missing). It has a spout and has been painted brown.pump-water irrigation rural

In the 19thC and early 20thC men often wore their shirts for a week or more. However the collars were detachable so that they could be changed when they became dirty or for special occasions eg Church on Sundays Collar studs were used to attach the collar to the shirt. The cardboard box was used for storage and when travelling. The collars were very stiffly starched so as to maintain their shape. Some have Laundry instructions printed on the inside of the collar.The Maggs family were pioneer settlers in Moorabbin Shire.12 detachable, stiffly starched, white collars, from various manufacturers, for a man's shirt. Each Collar has 3 buttonholes for attaching to the shirt - 2 at the neck and 1 centre back. They have been stored in a cardboard box marked 'Boheco regd. ' The box has no lid.Base of Box : Boheco REG. SNOW-WHITE COLLARS / 1 3/4 / Strand / 16 1/2 / MADE IN / AUSTRALIA ( there is no lid ) under box in pencil ; 16 1/2 x 1 3/4 / 1/- each / c/o = Doz. 1 / 3 eachmenswear, clothing, shirts, collars, early settlers, fashion, cheltenham, moorabbin, dairy farmers, market gardeners, maggs family, pioneers

In March 1985, Merle Reid past away. She had worked for RVIB at Burwood since 1963, first as a cleaner but later as a laundry supervisor and childcare assistant. Encouraged by Matron Dunnell, she began her teacher qualifications and went on to become a teacher at the school. With her positive outlook, she became a firm favourite with children and staff alike, and to honour her impact, a proposal was made for a new outdoor playground was made bearing her name.Album of images and text as a tribute to Merle Reidrvib burwood school, merle reid

From the 17th century, sadirons or sad irons (from Middle English "sad", meaning "solid", used in English through the 1800s) began to be used. They were thick slabs of cast iron, triangular and with a handle, heated in a fire or on a stove. These were also called flat irons. A laundry worker would employ a cluster of solid irons that were heated from a single source: As the iron currently in use cooled down, it could be quickly replaced by a hot one. An antique heavy cast iron sad iron (from Middle English 'sad' meaning 'solid') with a rounded cast iron handle. It has a roughened surface with a decorative pattern on the top of the iron. irons, laundry irons

From the 17th century, sadirons or sad irons (from Middle English "sad", meaning "solid", used in English through the 1800s) began to be used. They were thick slabs of cast iron, triangular and with a handle, heated in a fire or on a stove. These were also called flat irons. A laundry worker would employ a cluster of solid irons that were heated from a single source: As the iron currently in use cooled down, it could be quickly replaced by a hot one. An antique black heavy cast iron sad iron (from Middle English 'sad' meaning 'solid') with a rounded cast iron handle. It has a roughened surface with a decorative pattern on the top of the iron. 'LYNC' is stamped on the cast iron inside a star shape. 'W' is stamped on the left side, 'C' is stamped on the right hand side. irons, laundry irons

From the 17th century, sadirons or sad irons (from Middle English "sad", meaning "solid", used in English through the 1800s) began to be used. They were thick slabs of cast iron, triangular and with a handle, heated in a fire or on a stove. These were also called flat irons. A laundry worker would employ a cluster of solid irons that were heated from a single source: As the iron currently in use cooled down, it could be quickly replaced by a hot one. An antique heavy cast iron sad iron (from Middle English 'sad' meaning 'solid') with a rounded cast iron handle. It has a roughened surface with a decorative pattern on the top of the iron. 'Silverston Metals' irons, laundry irons

Glass washboards were popular during World War II due to a shortage of metal. The body was made of wood, but the scrubbing area was glass. Washboards were normally two-sided with one side having more refined ridges and also came in a variety of sizes. The smaller washboards were used for delicates such as undergarments and petticoats, while larger washboards were used for such items of clothing as shirts and pants. They were used over the laundry tubs. (ref. Antique Traders)This glass scrubbing board is an example of the typical laundry equipment used by families in the Orbost district in the early 20th century.A rectangular glass washboard with a wooden frame. The glass insert is corrugated glass and the backing at the top is original. Frame is new (original had borer damage).On backing at top - Possum trademarklaundry-equipment washing scrubbing-board

Strong large cane wicker baskets such as this one were used for storage and transportation. This basket could have been used for storing sails on a vessel, or sending luggage, parcels or goods by rail, ship, wagon or cart from one location to another. The basket would also be suitable for laundry in hospitals, factories such as woollen mills, and other organisations for storing and moving equipment and goods. The inscription " A A S" has not yet been researched. It could be the name of an Australian- Service, or a - - Ship or even the initials of a person. This basket is an example of a large, strong container used for storage or transportation during the 19th and 20th centuries.Basket, natural coloured woven cane or wicker, rectangular shape with lid. Two leather straps and buckles fasten the lid to the basket. The basket has a strong rope handle on each side, metal reinforcing straps that support three wood strengthening lengths on the top of the hinged lid. The lid is hinged to the basket at the back with metal hinges. The inside frame is reinforced with wood. There is a large inscription in black paint is stencilled onto the lid of the basket."A A S"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, basket, sail storage, maritime furniture, luggage, transport storage basket, wicker hamper, vintage wicker chest, wicker trunk, cane storage basket, dispatch basket, a a s

The Samuel Wadham Wing, officially opened on 23 March 1963 by Lord Richard Casey (Minister for External Affairs), at a large ceremony and commemoration dinner. The Wing was the second residential building at International House, providing sixty-three additional student rooms, tutors' rooms, a library, a laundry, a gym, and the formal entrance. The new building was hoped by Warden Sam Dimmick to secure International House's position as an academic college in Melbourne, who also extended thanks for fundraising and furnishing initiatives by the Women's Auxiliaries.samuel wadham, events

This Certificate was presented to Trained nurse, known as 'Nurse' in those days, Nettie Osborne on completion of six months employment with Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS). This is the only example of a MDNS Nurses certificate in the RDNS collection. In 1913 the MDNS Nurses had their board and residence, uniforms, bicycles and laundry expenses provided. Newly employed Nurses were paid £50 a year for her first six months. At the end of a year her salary was increased by £5, and later she earned £60 a year. .Following the founding of the Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS) in February 1885 to care for the sick poor in Melbourne, subsequent meetings were held to form a Committee and to draw up a Code of Rules of the Society. It was decided that only nurses who had attended a Hospital Nurses Training School and were fully qualified would be employed by the Society. After interviewing several candidates, it was on the first of May 1885 when the first Trained nurse, known as 'Nurse' in those days, Mrs. Ferguson, was employed by MDNS with a salary of £100 per annum. She was employed for three months initially, but this was soon extended, "on the understanding she will make arrangements to live in the more immediate vicinity of her district". A Doctor agreed to assist the Nurse with advice at any time. In rotation, a member of the Superintendence Sub-Committee supervised the Nurse’s visits and could assist to alleviate some poor social conditions they found. A second Nurse, Mrs. Joanna Cannon was employed by MDNS six months later, with a trial period of six months which was extended. They were the stalwarts of the Society in the early years, Nurse Cannon remaining with the Society for four years and Nurse Ferguson for five years, though both had a short break due to illness through the heaviness of the work. Nurses salaries were reduced to account for the cost of uniforms, and then when establishments were rented by the Society and the Nurses could now live in the Nurses Home. The Nurses worked in the now CBD, ie from Spencer Street to Spring Street and from Victoria Parade to Flinders Street. From its inception the Society was at the forefront of health care. They liaised with Doctors and provided high quality trained nursing care; educated their patients in the curing and prevention of disease; teaching the importance of cleanliness, fresh air and good nutrition, both by verbal instruction and demonstration, even supplying soup and milk when needed. At that time they walked the streets and lane ways amid the slums of inner Melbourne carrying their nursing bag containing lotion, ointments, powders, liniment, bandages, dressings, a case of spirits, and the Nurse's own clean apron, soap and small towel. They supplied equipment on loan, such as earthenware hot water bottles, splints, urinals, bed pans, bed cradles, feeding mugs, and air-cushions as well as providing blankets and clean bed linen, and nightdresses as necessary. They provided nursing care to a range of people, often in destitute situations, some lying on rags on the floor as they had no bed, others with just a bed and maybe a thin blanket, a chair and nothing else. Their ages ranged from babes, children, adults to the elderly. The Nurses gave medications as ordered, dressed wounds e.g. to the injured, and surgical cases, and to those with leg ulcers; attended to patients with ‘surgical ailments’ such as ‘hip disease’; gave care to those with acute illnesses such as bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, measles, and scarlet fever, as well as those with chronic illnesses such as consumption (tuberculosis), heart disease, arthritis, cancer, debility, neuritis and paralysis. As the work increased a third Nurse was employed but this was arduous work, particularly in the heat of summer and many nurses only remained with the Society for several months. A Trained Midwife was employed in August 1893. The work was arduous, particularly in the heat of summer. Permission to use bicycles was given to the Nurses in 1898 and the Society decided to purchase their own in 1903. A business man offered ‘new free wheel’ bicycles at £13 each which included maintenance for one year. Bells and wooden frames were added, at a cost of £5 per frame, so the Nurses could carry extra equipment. Nurses’ bags were strapped to the handlebars. Soup was made for those in need 2-3 times a week and if patients could not arrange to have it collected the soup was delivered by the Nurses on their bicycles. The use of bicycles caused a change in uniform, with white pith helmets, and veils covering them and tied under their chin, now being used; straw hats were worn in summer. Over the years the Nurses complained that their veils became wet in the rain and asked for a change of uniform but this did not occur until 1921. Bicycles continued to be used in inner areas until 1945. Public transport was also used over the years, in conjunction with a Motor Auxiliary from 1929 to 1971. MDNS began with its own small fleet of vehicles in the early 1950s which gradually expanded into a full fleet.The coloured Certificate is made of white paper attached to a buff card forming a boarder. It is in gold print on the white background which has a thin gold border. In large bold script are the words "Melbourne District Nursing Society" In between the words "District" and "Nursing" is a red Maltese cross which extends above and below the writing. Underneath this, in smaller capital letters, are the words "For Nursing Sick Poor In Their Own Homes"/. Below this in bold script are the words "This is to Certify that"/. Under this, written in black handwriting, is "Nurse Nettie Osborne"/; below this in script is "has acted in the capacity of District Nurse", then in black handwriting the words "Six Months"/. The next two lines read "having fulfilled her Duties to the satisfaction of her Committee, /"and appreciation of her Patients". The Certificate is signed in black by Mary Leeper, Vice President; Kate Hood; Hon. Treasurer; C.M. Tatham Hon. Secretary, and has Date; 8th July 1913 in black handwriting. On paper attached with tape to the back of the Certificate, is a copy of a photograph of two unidentified people. [Possibly Nettie and her husband]. Some small marks, and in one area a small area of cracking is seen on the white background of the certificate.certificates, mdns, melbourne district nursing society, rdns, royal district nursing service, nurse nettie osborne

Kerosene irons were used c1930 - 1950 especially where electricity wasn't available. Shelite was another fuel that could be used instead of kerosene. The advantage of the kerosene iron was that it didn't require a stove to be lit (especially in summer) to heat the iron and it didn't require electricity.Residents in the Kiewa Valley used kerosene irons.This black iron is made of cast iron with a steel base and a black wooden handle. This Comfort iron has a ball shaped container with a screw-on lid to hold the fuel (kerosene or Shelite). At the bottom of this ball is a pipe going down then meeting another pipe at right angles to it leading into the iron. At the pipe junction there is a handle on a screw to limit the amount of fuel. The Kerosene would flow through this pipe. There is a filler plug air stem on top. This is a self-heating iron.Comfort iron / Self Heating Comfort Iron MFD by / National Stamping and Electric Works / made in U.S.A. Chicago iron, domestic, laundry, pressing clothes, household, kerosene, shelite

Galvanised iron oval tub with handle on each end. Decorative bead near top, reinforced rim at base.No visible markingsdomestic items, laundering, tub, laundry, washing, clothes, iron

BHS CollectionSoftcover book with coloured photograph of a large domestic fireplace with various cooking implements. Contains 32 pages of black and white photographs and diagrams of items used in the home from the Middle Ages to the Victorian Era.Jacqueline Fearndomestic equipment, cooking utensils, cooking methods, home appliances, laundry, lighting, eating utensils

Situated at 47 Lansell Street, Bendigo, the original 1911-12 Charles D'Ebro designed brick Bendigo Municipal Abattoir, comprising twin slaughter and hanging rooms for cattle, sheep and pigs, and two smaller ancillary brick buildings. After the buildings were acquired by the Country Roads Board in 1945, a substantial but sympathetic addition was made to the south-eastern end of the old cattle abattoir. The abattoir is significant for historic, architectural and technical reasons at a state level. as a rare surviving municipal abattoir, and represents the development of hygienic slaughtering through municipal regulations, thus improving standards of public health in Victoria. It is historically significant to the City of Greater Bendigo as a key to the primary production industry that centred on this precinct from the 1860s to the mid 1990s; they are an important surviving component of one of the largest regional livestock markets in Victoria. D'Ebro was critically influential in the development of industrial and in particular meat processing buildings, designing major freezing works and abattoirs throughout Victoria and Australia.(Source, National Trust Database). The Bendigo facility finally closed in 1945, when all slaughtering for local consumption passed to a joint export and local slaughtering facility at the Bendigo Inland Meat Authority. Ink, pen, pencil and watercolour architectural drawing for the proposed brick residence at Bendigo abattoirs. Proposed Brick Residence at Bendigo Abbatoirs (sic) For The Bendigo City Council. / Front Elevation / Easter Elevation / Section A. D. / Ground Plan / Wester Elevation / Section C.D. / Section I. P. ? Existing Building to be / Converted into Laundry ? Scale 1/8" to 1 FT / Geo. Austen Architect / Commonwealth Bank Chambers / Bendigocity of greater bendigo commerce, charles d'ebro

White cotton nurse's apron. Three piece skirt, gathered at the back, and joining a 5 cm wide waist band. Bib front extends into broad shoulder straps 8 cm wide, at shoulder, tapering to 7 cm wide rounded tab ends, which cross at the back, and button to the waist band. Two plastic buttons- 1.5 cm diameter, one on the tab strap, and one on the waist band, are both damaged-possibly due to harsh laundry conditions. Back waist band has a 14 cm overlap.White cotton tape sewn inside waistband marked: Merryn Ellison.costume, female, white cotton nurse's apron

Jacket worn by Brendan Honey when performing the duties of a Petty Officer Radio Supervisor in the Royal Australian Navy from Oct 1979 to Oct 2000Jacket Double Breasted Service Dress Navy Blue with gold embroided insignia, [Radio Operator Petty Officer] on right upper arm; gold embroided rank insignia [Petty Officer] above three gold embroided chevrons indicating 12 years service on the left upper arm; shoulder flashes with gold embroided word, "Australia" on both shoulders. 8 gold button with embossed Australian Navy Emblem and the word "Australia" in parallel columns of 4. Size 99R (Regular fit) with 2 small gold button with embossed Australian Navy Emblem and the word "Australia" the cuff of each arm.Manufacturer's identification label on inside right breast.Manufacturers label measuring 4mm x 8mm showing company logo ADA / 1990 / arrow pointed up /NSN:8405-66-132-2314 / 70% 30% Wool Poly / size 99R / match / trouser size 89R / No / Name / Dry Clean Only / Made in Australia/ owner's name written in black by a laundry marking penjacket, navy, jacket service dress, jacket petty office radio supervisor

Anglesea is a town on the Great Ocean Road in the Surf Coast Shire local government area. It is 110km from Melbourne. Before 1967 policing in Anglesea was on a seasonal basis with a 'shop front' police station and caravan in the main street. Anglesea Police Station (Barwon District) was opened on 7 February 1967 on the corner of Wray Street and The Great Ocean Road. It was a residential police station, brick veneer with an iron roof with 3 rooms, a bathroom, laundry and a garage. When the station opened it was staffed by one Senior Constable and two First Constables. List of staff from 1967-2002 is available from Victoria Police Museum10 photographs comprising: 8 black and white photos, 2 colour photospolice stations; anglesea police station

Photocopy of a group of three newspaper articles, two from the Courier, and the other from an unknown newspaper. Editorial "Ballarat may lose another industry" - 20/9/1971 notes the recent closure of the tramways, Ronaldson and Tippett, and the possibility of the Base Hospital Laundry services. Comments on these loss of jobs to Ballarat. "60 Bus shelters to be provided" - reports on the provision of 60 new bus shelters in the Ballarat and Sebastopol districts by the Transport Regulation Board. "tram No. 36", with photo of the tram in Melbourne, reports the return of the tram to Melbourne and carrying local government mayors. No date or source on the item.trams, tramways, buses, hawthorn, ronaldson tippet, employment

Air Force Uniform owned by Bob Hodges.Uniform consists of one coat, pair of trousers, two shirts. 1. Dress coat - navy blue colour, wool/polyester fabric with sateen lining. Gold colour plastic butons emblazoned with crown and eagle in flight, shoulder insignia "Australia". Makers label. 2. Trousers - Navy blue colour wool/polyester fabric. Makers label. 3. & 4. Shirts - long sleeve, light blue cotton/polyester fabric. Shoulder Insignia - RAAF, Wings and "AIR FORCE". Makers label.Makers labels - black print on white label. 1. "ADA"/VICTORIA 2004/NSW 61929/NAME:/ SERVICE NO." "DRY CLEAN ONLY" 2. "ADA"/VICTORIA 2004/NSW 61929/NAME:/ SERVICE NO." with "LAUNDRY INSTRUCTIONS"' 3. & 4. "ADA/4500297929/NSW 8405 66 148 2384/SIZE 42/89/NAME/ SERVICE NO/ 65% POLYESTER/ 35% COTTON.raaf, uniform

This box contained packets of Reckitts Blue and was probably displayed in a shop with the lid up showing the brand name and the items. Blue or laundry blue was a household product used up to about 1960 to improve the appearance of textiles during the washing process. It added a trace of blue dye which made white fabrics appear whiter and it was widely used. Reckitts was a firm established by Isaac Reckitt in Hull, England, in 1840. By 1888 it was a public company and in 1938 it merged with J.& J. Colman, a food manufacturer. Later it sold the Colman side of the business and today it trades as the Reckitt Benckiser Group. The firm established an Australian branch in the late 19th century.This box has been used to store the Charles Brittlebank birds’ eggs collection but it is of interest in its own right as a box that held Reckitts Blue packets. Most Australian households in the 19th and 20th centuries (up to about 1960) would have used blue bags or packets in the laundering process so they are part of our social history. Today a bleach is used as a replacement for a blue bag.This is a wooden box with a hinged lid (the hinges are hooks and eyes). The box once contained one gross of Reckitt’s Blue. The printing on the box is coloured but some of it is now faded. Inside the lid, pasted on, is the name of the manufacturer. The side of the box also has the name of the manufacturer pasted on but the printing has been discoloured at the edge by the application of maroon-coloured paint. On side of box: ‘Reckitt’s Round Blue, contains one gross of circular blocks’ Inside the lid: ‘Reckitt’s Round Blue’ social history, history of warrnambool, reckitt’ blue

Circa 1920's the postcard depicts a pathway and manicured lawns leading to the Beechworth Mental Asylum administration building. The asylum was constructed between 1864 and 1867 to the designs by the Public Works Department (PWD) that was renamed Mayday Hills Mental Asylum. The now decommissioned asylum was cinsidered one of the largest psychiatric hospitals in Victoria and consisted of sixty-seven buildings, one thousand two hundred patients and five hundred staff members. The asylum was one of the first asylums to focus on treatment and rehabilitation instead of institutional confinement. At the asylum active works was considered imperative and workshops were located near the male accommodations and laundries and drying yards near the female accommodation.This postcard is significant as it depicts the historical, architectural, technical and aesthetic significance of the Beechworth Mental Asylum's administration building to the State of Victoria.Black and white rectangular postcard printed on card.Obverse: Valentine Series No.1858/ The Asylum Beechworth Reverse: 1997.2464/ Valentines/ Real Photo Series Published by Valentine Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd/ Queen St.. Melbpostcard, beechworth, beechworth mental asylum, beechworth lunatic asylum, mayday hills, mayday hills mental asylum, administration building, beechworth mental asylum administration building

Handwritten black ink - "PO B SKILLINGTON R115634" .Overalls - mid grey cotton fabric with 'DURABLE FLAME RETARDANT FINISH' . Metal press stud closure. Elastic waist back. Epaulettes - embroidered gold crown, crossed anchors, and "Australia" on black fabric. Name label on front right side and inside back waistband. Makers label - below collar - back.Name label on front - "SKILLINGTON" Inside waist back - handwritten in black ink "PO B. SKILLINGTON R115634". Makers label - black and red print - top label - "National Textiles Pty Ltd/ Proban" with extensive information on the Flame Retardant Finish and laundry care. Lower label - red print - CAN'T/ TEAR/ 'EM/ AUSTRALIAN WORKWEAR/ 100% Cotton/ Size 95R/1994".uniforms, ran, workwear

The First Australian Exhibition of Women's Work was held at the Exhibition Building, Melbourne, from 23 October to 30 November 1907. It was opened by Lady Northcote (the wife of Australia’s Governor General) and Pattie Deakin (wife of the Prime Minister), who also ran a model creche during the exhibition. The five week exhibition showcased the work of women musicians, artists and craftswomen with over 16,000 exhibits in all fields of artistic endeavour. It was attended by approximately 250,000 people. Exhibits were divided into Classes, including Fine Arts; Applied Arts; Photography; Plain Needlework; Cookery, Preserves and Laundry Work; Horticulture; and Medical and Nursing. This item was owned by Mrs. Mary Burrowes, aunt of Mrs. Jean Raper.This item is from Raper Collection donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Mrs. Jean Raper. A small ruby glass and crystal jug which was produced as a souvenir of the Australian Exhibition of Women's Work held at the Exhibition Building in Melbourne in 1907. It has been inscribed in gold coloured paint. "Mary Women's Exhibition 1907"vase, glassware, decorative items

The First Australian Exhibition of Women's Work was held at the Exhibition Building, Melbourne, from 23 October to 30 November 1907. It was opened by Lady Northcote (the wife of Australia’s Governor General) and Pattie Deakin (wife of the Prime Minister), who also ran a model creche during the exhibition. The five week exhibition showcased the work of women musicians, artists and craftswomen with over 16,000 exhibits in all fields of artistic endeavour. It was attended by approximately 250,000 people. Exhibits were divided into Classes, including Fine Arts; Applied Arts; Photography; Plain Needlework; Cookery, Preserves and Laundry Work; Horticulture; and Medical and Nursing. This item was owned by Mrs. Alice Yardy nee Dinsmore, grandmother of Mrs. Jean Raper.This item is from Raper Collection donated to the Wodonga Historical Society by Mrs. Jean Raper. A small green glass vase with gilt edge which was produced as a souvenir of the Australian Exhibition of Women's Work held at the Exhibition Building in Melbourne in 1907. It has been inscribed in gold lettering. "Alice Women's Exhibition 1907"vase, glassware, decorative items

This bottle of liquid floor polish was manufactured before 1960(taken over by Wattyl) in a period when most of the floors in high traffic areas were covered in linoleum. Most of the floors using this product during this period would have been kitchens and laundries. During this period the cleanliness of the kitchen, hallways and eateries had to appear clean (cleanliness was a sign of a bacteria free area). This was a priority for kitchens, mess areas(SEC Hydro Scheme facilities) and connecting walkways. The cleanliness attitude was enhanced in the rural areas due to the "dirty" farm work not impinging upon the residential home.When Mount Beauty was first inhabited all the residential and worker's facilities were a prime area for linoleum floor surfaces. The liquid floor polish was in great demand, "a polished floor is a clean floor".This bottle of liquid floor polish is very significant to the Kiewa Valley, not only that it covers the floors of every home and residential barracks of the first major development of a "town" now known as Mount Beauty but also it demonstrates that the "cleanliness" approach of early Australians living areas in the rural regions was "on par" with its city cousins. It is the smaller types of mores that underlie the "mushrooming" cultural and psyche "wholeness" of an ever expanding Australian culture.This brown opaque glass bottle with an oblong shape has a blue coloured "screw on" cap. It has a "wrap around" label glued firmly on the bottle and covers the front and sides.On the front main label under a red line, "SPARTAN" underneath in smaller print "For use on" below this, "LINOLEUM, RUBBER, COMPOSITION AND HARDWOOD FLOORS" besides this is an encircled Trade Mark of a "Spartan Warrior holding a spear and shield" these word follow the curviture of the circle and are below it "TRADE MARK REGISTERED" Below this are "SUPER FLOOR GLOSS" to the left in very small print "Nett Contents 16 Fluid Ounces". Below this on a blue background and in white print"LIQUID FLOOR WAX WATER REPELLENT". On the bottom of the label "Made under licence by HARDIE TRADING LIMITED for SPARTAN PAINTS PTY, LIMITED" below this in small print "Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Hobart, Launceston, Geelong. Embossed on the bootm of the glass is" G/Mfloor cleaners, liquid polish, "hygienic" clean floors.

A mangle or wringer is a mechanical laundry aid consisting of two rollers in a sturdy frame, connected by cogs and, in its home version, powered by a hand crank or electrically. A household mangle/wringer could be attached to a bench for easier use. The washing process itself involved lifting the items from the cold soak and wringing or mangling each item before transferring them, with more soap flakes, into the copper for boiling. Items that remained soiled, even after an overnight soak, were rubbed on a scrubbing board before being transferred to the copper. The clothes mangle would be used to squeeze out all the excess water. Clothes would then be hung out to dry on a clothes line, or laid over a clothes-horse next to the kitchen or living room fire. This one was owned by the mother of Bob Clarke, an Orbost resident.This item is an example of the typical laundry equipment used by families in the Orbost district in the early 20th century.Clothes mangle [wringer] which has a wooden and metal turning handle. It has a ratchet and 2 tap screws for pressure. It has of two rollers in a frame, connected by cogs and is powered by a hand crank.On top - "No. Hardwood Rolls 124" Front - "Household Clothes Mangle Steel ball bearings The American Wringer Company New York USA"laundry wringer mangle