Inspected by Joanna Freslov, archaeologist 2.6.22008. Grinding stones are slabs of stone that Aboriginal people used to grind and crush different materials. Bulbs, berries, seeds, insects and many other things were ground between a large lower stone and a smaller upper stone. This is the lower stone.Large grinding stones such as this one were designed to be left at a camp site for use the next time the group moved there. Smaller grinding stones were carried between sites. Grinding stones were not abandoned when they became worn and smooth through use. The stone would simply be roughened again so it was once again suitable for its function. This is an example of a food preparation utensil used by the Early Indigenous people of Eastern Australia.A large flat rock with grind hole in top. Rock has split. gridstone aboriginal stone-artefact

Gold was first discovered in 1852 on what was then named Korong or Mt Korong goldfields. It was soon found that the area was not suitable for alluvial mining because of a lack of water but quartz mining was more successful. The township of Wedderburn was surveyed 1856/57. The first public crushing works was established in 1859.Hardcover book with printed dust jacket and plastic cover. 92 pages with black and white illustrations, fold out map and index. Covers the history of the Wedderburn Goldfields and the discovery of gold generally in Australia from the 1850s until c1880s. Written by Joshua R Gray and edited by Frank Cusack.Joshua R Gray and Frank Cusack.gold, goldfields, goldfield

Black and white photograph. View of large mining plant and associated chimneys. Open (waste) area in foreground. Low hill in background. Inscriptions: on front 'Kock's Pioneer Quartz Crushing Plant, Long Gully', Perserverance United Windmill Hill in background'. On back - 'A Richardson, 29 Harrison St, Bendigo'.mining, crushing & milling, kock's pioneer quartz crushing plant, bendigo, mines and mining, mines, mine, mining, crushing plant, landscape, mining landscape, quartz, perserverance united windmill

Share certificate issued by New Gippsland Boulder Mine - operating at Errinundra and receipt for Herbert, Eric W. Receipt is for amount of four pounds - signed by Bird, W. Prospectus was printed in 1934 at office of Snowy River Mail - 4 page booklet. Gold, copper and silver were the target minerals.The crusher from the Boulder Mine is now at the Slab Hut in Orbost. The first Gippsland Boulder Co.,was at Boulder Creek – 13 miles north of Club Terrace, within 2 miles of Errinundra River. The company registered in January 1898 and commenced crushing in September with a 10-head battery. In the first nine months’ yields totalled 1,418 oz from 972 tons.There was a tramway between the mine workings and the battery.The crusher from the Boulder Mine is now at the Slab Hut in Orbost. This document is a reference for gold mining and exploration in the Far East Gippsland area. The Herbert family has reside in Orbost since the late 19th century.Copy of New Gippsland Boulder Mine share certificate and receipt. Framed in small black wooden frame.certificate-share-new-gippsland-boulder-mine mineralogy mining boulder-creek

Three pages of typed notes on creamy paper. Notes mention the mines on Victoria Hill and gives some information about them such as depth, ounces of gold extracted and who owned them. Mines mentioned are: The North Old Chum, Lansell's Big 180, Ballerstedt's Open-Cut, Little 180 Crushing Battery, the Victoria Quartz, Rae's Open-Cut, Great Central Victoria, Wittshiebe's 'Jeweller's Shop', Boldt's 5 Head Crushing Battery, Northern Slope and the Advance Shaft. Written in pencil at the top: Copy of material sent to Herald Reporter by R. Aulsbrook 30/7/68. Copied from my material and initialled AR. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.mine, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, mines situated on victoria hill, john wybrandt, wittscheibe, t ballerstedt, fortuna villa, george lansell, a h q survey regiment, ballerstedt's open-cut, little 180 crushing battery, little 180 mine, new chum syncline, victoria quartz (victoria reef quartz), rae's open-cut, william rae, great central victoria (midway), adventurer, wittshiebe's 'jeweller's shop', boldt's 5 head crushing battery, northern slope, the advance shaft, cinderella, hercules and energetic, john brown knitwear factory, r aulsbrook, the herald

Folded like a square that wraps around a match box preventing crushing. WWI patriotic. One side shows British soldiers loading & firing a heavy howitzer with a Union Jack behind them. Colour painted. Rear side has a photo of Old Elizabeth Street Melbourne. The spine bears an advertisement.Advertisement on spine: “Craig Williamson Pty Ltd, Melbourne Drapers & Complete House Furnishers, Utmost Value Always”accessory, matches, protector

Printed notes titled Batteries. Mentions crushing batteries and stampers, how the gold was extracted and how gold was recovered. Disposal of the sand is also mentioned and the great areas of sand dumps around the mines. Some sand areas mentioned are the Bih Blue area, Carlisle area and the Moon, Virginia and Catherine areas.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - batteries, crushing battery, windmill, whiffly tables, big blue area, carlisle area, moon area, virginia area, catherine area, bendigo goldfield

Hand written note: From 'The Federal Australian' Extracts from Mining Notes (Sandhurst). 16/2/1882. Quote:- 'Duchess of Edinburgh has decided to purchase Mr. S Albert's crushing plant for 4000 pounds, payable in four years. This company has a good yield for the fortnight and a dividend of 6d.mine, gold, duchess of edinbough, duchess of edinburgh, quote from 'the federal australian', mr s albert

Document: Time book for Central Napoleon Gold Mining Co N.L. lists Name, Occupation, Hrs Worked on given day, Total hours per fortnight, fortnightly summaries of number of workers in each position and tons crushed, (The VANA Exercise Book), 29 January 1941 - 24 February 1942.organization, business, industrial - mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, central napoleon

From left Reefs Restaurant, T. Hogan & Co Tea Wine Spirits Merchant, R. Hepburn Carolina Hotel, Pleasant Creek Hotel, St George Stamping Battery, Free Methodist Chapel Church, Ballarat Hotel, Woodcock Produce Grocer, Stawell Brewery in far distance, L. Thomas Wheelwright Farrier & General Blacksmith, Australian Hotel, G. Laing Bootmaker, Brierly & Wilson Greengrocer, P. Corkeron Bootmaker, P. Corkeron Wholesale Retail General Grocer, Globe Hotel in distance, Christ Church.Part of Holtermann Collection. Black and White photograph of Stawell from Big Hill with mining in foreground. April 1874. View covers from St Patrick's Church to current location of Police Station along Patrick Street. St George Crushing Mill near Centre of Photograph. Includes Carolina Hotelmining, panorama

Diggers & Mining. Diggers and miners. Walhalla - Gold Town. A gold rush occurred, and almost immediately a rich reef called Cohen's Reef was discovered. Mining companies were formed to work the reef, and in 1864 the batteries were crushing profitable ore. Markings: 12 995 WAL. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining: The Diggers. 2 IMAGES. 1st soldier on bugle, caption: Another Call, 'More Men and Still More until The Enemy is Crushed. Lord Kitchener. 2nd image: Jack in a box with book titled Hughes on Sanctions. Markings: VISAR COPYRIGHT SET - THE DIGGERS, 14. Used as a teaching aid.Visaireducation, tertiary, war

Edmund Craigie Grant died 1894 63 years. Married 1862. The firm Grant, Lamont & Coy were the first to erect Quartz Crushing machinery at Concongella Creek and later in Stawell at what became North Park. They built a house called "ALVIE" 39 Darlington Road (still standing 2005).Black & white photograph of Edmond Craigie Grant sitting in a chair holding a manuscript or magazine. Creelwaut Co (?) Burlington Galleries, corner of King & George Sts. Sydney Arcadestawell portrait

Named after Thomas Hustler who purchased the lease in 1854. It was an opencut mine at this stage and Hustler patented a quartz crushing machine. HE later sold the mine to the Hustlers Reef Mining and drainage Co. and by 1865 the Great Extended Hustler's was operating 31 levels at a depth of 1053meters. The mine ceased operation in 1921.A4 copy of an original photograph, sepia toned print. View of hustler's Mine facing Barnard Street, Bendigohustler's, barnard street, james brierley

These trucks are over 100 years old and are constructed to a similar design to the coke wagons used in the English Midlands region during the 1800's. The trucks were used for the cartage of clay from the quarry to the clay bins, prior to crushing and molding into bricks. These came from Fritsch, Holzer & Company, Brickworks, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia Historic - Industrial Narrow gauge Railway Fritsch, Holzer & Company Brickworks , Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia - Rolling stock Drop Bottom Clay Trucks - Square like clay truck that has a very deep bottom floor.drop bottom, clay trucks, 2'7.5" gauge, puffing billy, fritsch, holzer & company, brickworks

Pleasant Creek Cross Reef Quartz Mining Co No2 Poppet Head constructed 1868. On christening of the Engine, Mrs. T. Brown christened it "The Duke of Edinburgh". At the back of the winding engine building of the No2 Shaft is the Grant and Lamont Crushing Battery built in June 1876. On right can be seen the Whim of the Pioneer and Galatea mine.Poppet Head and Winding House of Pleasant Creek Cross Reef Quartz Mining Co mine. Tree on left and bushes in foreground. Three chimneys prominent on right of photograph.stawell

The can(product) of powdered Mortein was used throughout Australia and especially in rural regions where environmental conditions of crops, cattle and other livestock resulted in greater amount of "invasions" from insects. The eradication of unwanted invaders into the homestead required either manual extermination or a relevant poison which in low doses would not affect humans. Fly squats were still a good measure of eradication of flying pests however those lurking in cupboards or "hard to get at" locations needed a method, such as the Mortein powder to do the deed. This product and especially this can was used at the fore front of pest eradication. Powders and pellets are still in use 100 years later and the core ingredient is still environmental friendly and meets health conscious modern Australians. The basic product has survived the passage of time and was invented by a German immigrant to Australia in the late 1800s.This can and what it represents to rural households and outhouses, is in some ways immeasurable to the peace, health and tranquility within the household of all the families within the Kiewa Valley. Although small in size the relief of those within the sanctity of the home from annoying pests is enormous. The relief not only physical but also mentally to those residents, from the sometimes grueling and painful rural existence in a "sunburnt" countryside cannot be truly expressed in words. Kiewa Valley residents are part of the sometimes harsh rural environment where the introduction of helpful products such as this powder are noticed and used more prolifically. Any product, especially invented within Australia, which allows for a easier existence is of a great significance.This small cylindrical can contains powder of crushed the chrysanthemum flowers(pyrethrum extract) and has two circles of small circular perforations in the lid (to allow contents to be sprinkled onto other surfaces). It is constructed of mild steel with both ends crimped onto the main cylinder. A paper information label has been adhered to the outside of the cylinder.Printed on the outside label is: 1st line "MORTEIN!" 2nd line "THE GREAT INSECT DESTROYER" underneath "(Registered)" and underneath "It is without doubt the best and most reliable Insect powder in the World" underneath this line "In order to use Mortein with profit it is best to get a Mortein spreader through", next line "which by pressure of the hand the powder is ejected and well diffused." An inflection mark appears over the e in "Mortein" as to signify that the word "mort" is french for (dead) and the "ein" is german for "one". The word "mortein" therefore is diffused and translated into "dead one". A thin line separates the above from the list of insects which the powdered contents will kill together with the suggested application targets. T the bottom of the instructions is printed the manufacturer "J. HAGEMANN PTY. LTD., MELBOURNE," Below is "Sole Proprietors"natural insecticide products, environmentally friendly products, household pest dispensers, australian inventions

John Logan Smith 1860-1932 , the son of Irish immigrants James and Marianne Smith was born at their home near the 'Toll Gates' on Point Nepean Road and Dendy Street. East Brighton. At that time the area had many orchards that were later replaced by market gardens. J.L.Smith at first rented a cottage 'Law Muir Den' & Shed from Mr Box and commenced business as a wood merchant - sawing logs into shorter pieces using one horse to power the saw. He purchased the property, added to the buildings , began trading in fuel and fodder as well and installed a chaff cutting mill powered by 10hp steam engine. The business prospered 1909 following the death of Tommy Bent, J/L Smith was nominated for Councillor of the Shire of Moorabbin. WW1 1914 - 18 both John and Mary Ann supported local War Relief Auxiliaries and their son Vic served as a Signaler in AIF. As Motor transport was increasing 1926 J L Smith built a small Garage on the opposite corner (Woolworths Supermarket 2005) , employed a good mechanic ( Reg Hunt ) and developed another successful business. The Grain Store was managed by family until 1930. In 1932 JL Smith assisted a man whose car had broken down, pushing it to the garage and sadly suffered a heart attack and died. He is buried in Cheltenham Cemetery J.L.Smith was an early settler in East Brighton now Bentleigh and established successful Wood cutting, Grain & Chaff cutting and Motor garage businesses in Centre Road . He was elected Councillor of the Shire of Moorabbin and, with Mary Ann, his family were involved with local Church, Red Cross, and other community organizations.Black & White photograph of J L Smith Hay & Grain Store and Crushing Mill Jasper Rd / Centre Rd Bentleigh 1916. A veranda has been added to the store, new signage attached and a Gas light and hitching post are in foreground. 3 Horse drawn carts loaded with grain bags and drivers sitting on top of loadV. Smithgas street light, hitching posts, smith vic, photography, smith j l; smith mary ann, stanley helen, smith vic, smith harry redvers, chaff cutter, horse drawn carts, toll gates brighton, motor cars 1900, steam engines, early settlers, bentleigh, parish of moorabbin, city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman s, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, market gardeners, vineyards, orchards

Photograph 10. Sepia photograph of View of North Old Chum Claim, showing surface Excavations. Printed below photograph: J.W. Forbes, Agent, Lansell's No. 180 Claim, Welch Expo. 'New Chum and Victoria Company's Quartz Crushing Battery', 'the dividing range between Happy Valley, Victoria Hill and Iron Bark'. Nicholas CaireN J Cairetopic, mining, old chum mine

Clothing. Black, crushed velvet cape with a slightly peaked turn back collar, featuring a 6 cm wide ruched panel at each side front collar. Two circular diamente buttons 2.50 cm diameter fasten the front of the circular 15 cm deep yoke. Two bound button holes fasten the buttons at the throat.costume, female, 3/4 length black velvet evening cape

Document: Letter to McColl, Rankin & Stanistreet from South Costerfield Antimony and Gold Mining Company No Liability, a thank you letter for the terms and conditions for borrowing Central Napoleon's Crushing Battery, South Costerfield Company accepts terms, document was found in the back of the Central Napoleon Co N.L minutes book no 2 now numbered 2205.712a.organization, business, industry - mining, mccoll rankin & stanistreet, mining, gold mining, central napoleon

Plan drawn on heavy parchment. Written on plan Sandhurst Sheet No. 2. (See record 8300.58 for continuation of plan into city centre) Plan shows allotments with owner names, where applicable. Quartz crushing machines marked. On bottom lithographed at the Department of Lands and Survey, Melbourne, by D. Henerson, March 12th., 1867. There is also a photocopy.bendigo, planning, sandhurst

At one time, almost all breweries in Australia had their own brand of returnable bottle or were members of bottle co-operatives that managed returnable bottles. Instead of being crushed to make new bottles, as happens in most cases today, these returnable bottles were returned to the brewery or bottle co-operative, washed, inspected for cracks and chips and returned to service.A green clear glass bottle with the word COUNTRY embossed on the front and MBCV in a spade below it. the base is dimpled and the bottle is designed for a crown seal.At bottom - Property of the Manufacturers Bottle co-op of Victoria PTY Ltd on front - COUNTRY with MBCV in a spade beneath itcontainer bottle m.b.c.v.

At one time, almost all breweries in Australia had their own brand of returnable bottle or were members of bottle co-operatives that managed returnable bottles. Instead of being crushed to make new bottles, as happens in most cases today, these returnable bottles were returned to the brewery or bottle co-operative, washed, inspected for cracks and chips and returned to service.This item is an example of the type of beer bottle commonly used in the late 19th-early 20th century.MBCV brown glass beer bottle. Has the word COUNTRY embossed below shoulder. The letters MBCV in a spade below that.Front - MBCV in a spade. (Manufacturers Bottle Co. of Victoria) At bottom - Property of the Manufacturers Bottle Co-op of Victoria Pty Ltdbottle mbcv glass

The first five pages are photocopies of photos:- 2 of Rae's Crushing Works; Victoria Quartz on Victoria Hill, Ironbark; Looking North from Old Chum Hill to the Victoria Hill; Victoria Hill - from Rae's Open Cut. Introduction covers location of buildings and mines. Mentioned are:- North Old Chum Mine, Ballerstedt's First Open-cut, Quartz Veins (Spurs), rock formations pitching North, Prospecting shafts 1929, Concrete dam, Engine beds of Lansells Big 180 Mine, Lansells Big 180 Shaft, twenty stampers crushing battery, Lansell's Cleopatra Needle type chimney, Victoria Quartz Mine, Victoria Quartz dams, Rae's Open-cut, Quartz once roasted here to an intense heat, Anticlinal Arch New Chum Line, small primitive tunnels, Prospecting tunnels, Floyd's small 5 head crushing battery, Great Central Victoria (Midway) Shaft, Great Central Victoria engine-bed, Ballerstedt's small 24 yard claim, The Humboldt, Adventure ground, The Advance, Luffsman & Sterry's Claim, A round shaft. Small piece of paper with 'Notes on Victoria Hill complete. Notes prepared by Albert Richardson.document, gold, rae's crushing battery, rae's crushing battery, rae's crushing works, victoria quartz mine, from old chum hill, victoria hill from rae's open cut, ironbark, hercules & energetic, midway, wittscheibe, great central victoria, mr & mrs conroy, central nell gwynne, gold mines hotel, john brown knitwear factory, new chum & victoria, rotary club of bendigo south, north old chum, ballerstedt's first open-cut, lansell's big 180 shaft, cleopatra needle type chimney, a roberts & sons, mr e j dunn, h harkness & sons, eureka extd, new chum railway, pearl, inrush of water at victoria quartz, floyd's small 5 head crushing battery, great central victoria (midway), ballertedt's small 24 yard claim, humboldt, humboldt, great central victoria, victoria hill, bendigo & vicinity 1895 p51, j n macartney 1st edition 1871, bendigo goldfield registry 1871, plan of new chum line, mr rae anderson, annals of bendigo obituary 1904, bendigo advertiser, b m l records mines dept, patterson's goldfields of victoria, dickers mining record 23/11/1861, australian mining standard special edition 1/6/1899 p40, bendigo mines ltd, chinese joss house, fortuna, the victoria goldfield 1851 to 1954, the victoria hill 1854 to 1949

Black and white photo: mine site with poppet head, mine buildings at rear right . Trestles and cables carrying rectangular bins across open land. Large mound of material behind main building. Trees and weatherboard building in foreground. On back written in ball point pen and underlined ' flying Fox' Central Blue Mine to Crushing Battery 1912 'mine, gold, central blue, bendigo, mines and mining, surface equipment, place, mining, surface equipment, flying fox, poppet head

Koch's Pioneer Crushings 457,755 tons for 118,361 ounces. Two lots of dates on the paper: 1924 and 1871 - 1924. Written twice: Weight of Steel Wire Rope:- Dia 15/16 inch is 134 lbs per 100 ft. 1 inch dia. Is 159 lbs per 100 ft. Also some division sums on the paper.mining, crushing & milling, koch's pioneer, koch's pioneer crushings, weight of steel wire rope

Textiles. Diamond shaped pieces-five X 3.5 cm pieces of velvet, and mixed fabrics in shades and patterns of brown, cream, blue,russet and green. Crushed velvet backing in mid brown colour. Some evidence that the insert has been embroidered(Possibly a recycled cushion). Some diamond shapes are severely worn, while two are completely missing.textiles, domestic, velvet and mixed fabric cushion