Stages in development of optical glass. Very early experiments by E.J. Hartung. Ernst Johannes Hartung was a chemist and astronomer. Educated at the University of Melbourne (BSc 1913, DSc 1919), he became lecturer in 1919, associate professor in 1924, and succeeded Rivett as chair of chemistry in 1928, remaining in this position until 1953. Hartung?s lecturing style surged with enthusiasm and he employed the use of screen projections to demonstrate chemical phenomena to large undergraduate classes. In 1935 he recorded Brownian movement in colloidal solutions on 35 mm cinefilm, which was later copied onto 16 mm film for the Eastman Kodak Co. World Science Library. This can be viewed in the Chemistry laboratory. He researched the photo decomposition of silver halides, and was awarded the David Syme Prize in 1926. He devoted time to the design and construction of a large, new chemistry building for the School of Chemistry (built 1938?1939). During World War II he was approached by Professor Thomas Laby, chairman of the Optical Munitions Panel, to chair the advisory committee on optical materials, to produce high quality optical glass in Australia. This was successful, with large-scale production achieved within ten months at a reasonable cost. Hartung served three terms as general President of the (Royal) Australian Chemical Institute, was an ex-officio councillor of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, and a Trustee of the Museum of Applied Science (now part of Museum Victoria).Optical glass

Large horseshoe magnet, given to young E.J. Hartung. by an uncle. Ernst Johannes Hartung was a chemist and astronomer. Educated at the University of Melbourne (BSc 1913, DSc 1919), he became lecturer in 1919, associate professor in 1924, and succeeded Rivett as chair of chemistry in 1928, remaining in this position until 1953. Hartung?s lecturing style surged with enthusiasm and he employed the use of screen projections to demonstrate chemical phenomena to large undergraduate classes. In 1935 he recorded Brownian movement in colloidal solutions on 35 mm cinefilm, which was later copied onto 16 mm film for the Eastman Kodak Co. World Science Library. This can be viewed in the Chemistry laboratory. He researched the photo decomposition of silver halides, and was awarded the David Syme Prize in 1926. He devoted time to the design and construction of a large, new chemistry building for the School of Chemistry (built 1938?1939). During World War II he was approached by Professor Thomas Laby, chairman of the Optical Munitions Panel, to chair the advisory committee on optical materials, to produce high quality optical glass in Australia. This was successful, with large-scale production achieved within ten months at a reasonable cost. Hartung served three terms as general President of the (Royal) Australian Chemical Institute, was an ex-officio councillor of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, and a Trustee of the Museum of Applied Science (now part of Museum Victoria).Horseshoe Magnet �

Ernst Johannes Hartung was a chemist and astronomer. Educated at the University of Melbourne (BSc 1913, DSc 1919), he became lecturer in 1919, associate professor in 1924, and succeeded Rivett as chair of chemistry in 1928, remaining in this position until 1953. Hartung?s lecturing style surged with enthusiasm and he employed the use of screen projections to demonstrate chemical phenomena to large undergraduate classes. In 1935 he recorded Brownian movement in colloidal solutions on 35 mm cinefilm, which was later copied onto 16 mm film for the Eastman Kodak Co. World Science Library. This can be viewed in the Chemistry laboratory. He researched the photo decomposition of silver halides, and was awarded the David Syme Prize in 1926. He devoted time to the design and construction of a large, new chemistry building for the School of Chemistry (built 1938?1939). During World War II he was approached by Professor Thomas Laby, chairman of the Optical Munitions Panel, to chair the advisory committee on optical materials, to produce high quality optical glass in Australia. This was successful, with large-scale production achieved within ten months at a reasonable cost. Hartung served three terms as general President of the (Royal) Australian Chemical Institute, was an ex-officio councillor of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, and a Trustee of the Museum of Applied Science (now part of Museum Victoria).Set of analytic weights, used by E.J.H. in most of his work

This well-known Kew business, which would become known as The Model Dairy, was founded in 1863 by James Venn Morgan. Morgan sold the company in the 1890s to John Simonton who renamed the business The Model Dairy Co. Simonton had experience in the local dairying industry having previously leased the Willsmere Park Dairy. He moved the business to Belmont Avenue in c.1899. In 1924, following his retirement, the company expanded to become The Model Dairy Pty Ltd with Arnold Thompson Simonton and John Tanner as its owner/directors. With new techniques and processes such a pasteurisation, the Belmont Avenue site no longer met required standards for processing and bottling, so its operations moved to 191 Cotham Road. The company celebrated its centenary in 1963. A new factory, built in 1959 to a design by Bates, Smart & McCutcheon, was purchased by Bib Stillwell Motors after the dairy closed. The entire site has since been redeveloped.Digital copy of a business card advertising the Model Dairy in Belmont Avenue, Kew, managed by John Simonton. (The card was donated by John Harvey Simonton in 2021,)"Milk delivered fresh twice daily in / Kew, Hawthorn & Camberwell / All Milk guaranteed free from chemicals, used either to preserve or colour it / Our butter (Model Dairy Brand) / I Manufactured from Pure Cream by the most improved Machinery / [DRAWING] The Model Dairy Co Belmont Avenue Kew / Model Dairy Co / Belmont Avenue, Kew / John Simonton, Manager"model dairy -- kew (vic.), john simonton, belmont avenue -- kew (vic.), dairies -- kew (vic.)

Report - typed carbon copy - 35 foolscap sheets bound within a brown card folder, drawings, charts, secured with fold back clips, with adhesive tape binding on the outside. Titled "Wheels - 28" Wrought Steel - 1948 Rolling - Contract No. 1380", dated 24 September 1951, prepared by the MMTB Testing Department, Report No. W4/1/287. Gives details of the extensive testing done on a batch of wheels rolled by Commonwealth Steel Company Newcastle, approx. 450 wheels had been ordered. Includes details of manufacture, testing, chemical analysis, dimensional check, hardness and service details. Has many appendices, giving details of the wheels.trams, tramways, preston workshops, reports, specification, wheels, tramcars

Alma Trio, Wilson Hall. Music Viva Society, 23 May, 1958. Third Subscription Concert under the sponsorship of Shell Chemical (Australia) Pty. Ltd.. Presenting The Alma Trio, Maurice Wilk-Violin, Gabor Rejto-Cello, Aldoph Baller-Piano. The Violin Holds A Secret. Why is the tone of an old violin superior to that of a new instrument? The question has produced a variety of answers but the most widely accepted view is that it lies in the . . . Musica Viva Society. Is registered as a limited liability company and is a non-profit making voluntary orgainsation working for the promotion of chamber music . . . The Alma Trio. Maurice Wilk-violin, Gabor Rejto-Cello, Aldoph Baller-piano. The trio came into being with at first no motive than the delight of three fine artists playing chamber, music together. During the summer of 1944, Jeno Lener, violinist and Gabor Rejto, 'cellist, both of the famous Lenor Quartet, were guests of Yehundi Menuhin at his home in the Santa Cruz mountains south of San Francisco. There they enjoyed many . . . Programme. Annotations. Ludwig van Beetoven (1770) . . . Joannes Brahms (1833-1897) . . . The Council of Musica Viva acknowledges with gratitude the assistance of the organizations which have sponsored the 1958 subscription concerts: The Advertiser, Aldwych Advertising, Ampol Petroleum Ltd., Ansett-A.N.A., Australian and New Zealand Bank, Bank of Adelaide, B.E.A. Distributors Ltd., Bradford Cotton Mills Ltd., City Development Association, Clyde Industries Ltd., Coca-Cola Industries Ltd., Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Containers Ltd., Farmer & Company Limited, Freighters Ltd., Hicks Atkinson Ltd., Mutual Life and Citizens' Assurance Co. Ltd., Rothmans of Pall Mall (Australia) Ltd., Shell Chemicals Pty Ltd., South Australian Associated Brewers, Tip Top Paints Ltd., Wilckens & Burnside Ltd., World Travel Service, and five others who wish to remain anonymous. Advertisements: Shell Chemical (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Musica Viva Society, A E Smith & Co. Pty. Ltd., TAA, Federal Hotels, Orbit Travel Services Pty. Ltd., H Rowe & Co. Music Lounge.program, music, musica viva society, wilson hall. music viva society, 23 may, 1958. third subscription concert under the sponsorship of shell chemical (australia) pty. ltd.. presenting the alma trio, maurice wilk-violin, gabor rejto-cello, aldoph baller-piano. the violin holds a secret. musica viva society. a non-profit making voluntary chamber music. the trio came into being 1944, jeno lener, violinist and gabor rejto, 'cellist, both of lenor quartet yehundi menuhin santa cruz south of san francisco. programme. annotations. ludwig van beetoven (1770). joannes brahms (1833-1897). the council of musica viva acknowledges with gratitude the assistance 1958 the advertiser, aldwych advertising, ampol petroleum ltd., ansett-a.n.a., australian and new zealand bank, bank of adelaide, b.e.a. distributors ltd., bradford cotton mills ltd., city development association, clyde industries ltd., coca-cola industries ltd., commonwealth bank of australia, containers ltd., farmer & company limited, freighters ltd., hicks atkinson ltd., mutual life and citizens' assurance co. ltd., rothmans of pall mall (australia) ltd., shell chemicals pty ltd., south australian associated brewers, tip top paints ltd., wilckens & burnside ltd., world travel service, and five others who wish to remain anonymous. advertisements: shell chemical (australia) pty. ltd., musica viva society, a e smith & co. pty. ltd., taa, federal hotels, orbit travel services pty. ltd., h rowe & co. music lounge.

The Warrnambool Co-operative had its beginnings as the Allansford Artificial Breeders Co-operative in the 1960's. In the 1970s they opened a retail store in Timor Street which had a strong rural and farming base which gradually expanded to become the largest trading department store in the district. By the late 1990's they had 8000 members and employed 84 full time and 120 casual staff. It met a sorry end in the 2000's.This plaque commemorates the opening of the Rural store which consolidated the large rural aspect of the business. It opened up the site from Merri Street at the back of the Timor Street building trading in all agricultural products, , chemicals and fuels.A link to one of Warrnambool's largest stores of the latter part of the 20th century and as such it has historical and social significance. Rectangular brass plaque with stamped black text with eight screws around the edge attaching it to a piece of heavy particle board , painted black.Warrnambool Co-Op rural Store officially opened by the Mayor of Warrnambool Cr. Gerald Shanley on Wednesday, 8th October 1997.warrnambool co-operative society limited, warrnambool co-operative rural store, warrnambool

Nobel Industries Limited was founded in 1870 by Swedish chemist and industrialist Alfred Nobel for the production of the new explosive dynamite in the United Kingdom. Ardeer, on the coast at Ayrshire, was chosen for the company's first factory. Between 1877 amd 1926 it was known as Nobel’s Explosives Company Limited. The business later diversified into the production of blasting gelatine, gelignite, ballistite, guncotton, and cordite. At its peak, the factory employed nearly 13,000 men and women. In 1926, the firm merged with Brunner, Mond & Company, the United Alkali Company, and the British Dyestuffs Corporation, creating a new group, Imperial Chemical Industries, then one of Britain's largest firms. Nobel Industries continued as the ICI Nobel division of the company. Small black timber box with small screw holding back on, and leather handle on top. A pivoted needle remains vertical as box angle changes. Graded scale behing top end of needle. Two adjusting points at top.No 10070nobel, ballarat school of mines, scientific instruments, galvanometer

.3) South Australian School of MInes and Technological Museum Annual Report for 1908 and Prospectus for 1909. Includes images of the School Council (H. Adams, E.A. Roberts, E.W. Van Senden, Hon. Sir J. Langdon Bonython, Hon. Sir F.W. Holder, Hon. D.M. Charleston, Professor W.H. Bragg, J. Theo Scherk. L. Grayson, J.G. Bice, W.H. Matthews), The School, Plans of the Metallurgical and Chemical Laboratories, Physics Students, Assaying Furnace Room, David Murray, Museum, Noyes Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Model Scouring Plant at the Angas Wool laboratory, Sir George Ruthven Le Hunte, Wet Assay Laboratory. Electro-Technical Room.south australian school of mines, museum, e.a. roberts, e.w. van senden, hon. sir j. langdon bonython, hon. sir f.w. holder, hon. d.m. charleston, professor w.h. bragg, j.g. bice, w.h. matthews), the school, plans of the metallurgical and chemical laboratories, physics students, assaying furnace room, david murray, noyes electrical engineering laboratory, model scouring plant at the angas wool laboratory, sir george ruthven le hunte, wet assay laboratory. electro-technical room., h. adams, j. langdon bonython, f.w. holder, d.m. charlston, w.h. bragg, j. tho scherk, l. grayson, ruthven le hunte, south australia, schools of mines

Clear glass liquid paraffin oil bottle with black bakelite screw-on top and label. 3/4 full of liquid.On label: "Liquid Paraffin. Specially prepared for Internal use. Non inflammable. The most modern method of treating CONSTIPATION an d has been found most valuable in chronic cases, the action on the bowels being that of a lubricant. DOSE: from one teaspoonful to 2 tablespoonfuls. To avoid loss of food vitamins, do not use other than at bedtime, except on the advice of a physician. BB 1932 CHEMICALLY PURE. PITT & PARTNERS SYDNEY."bottles, containers, medicine bottles

This box contained Seidlitz Powders. These powders were used for indigestion and constipation with the name coming from the village of Sedlec or Sedlitz which was the source of a bitter mineral water once used for indigestion. The 19th century product was produced by many chemical factories with nothing to do with the original Sedlitz town. The powders were a mixture of tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate and potassium sodium tartrate. This box contained powders distributed by the chemist firm of Sambell and Son. John Sambell came to Warrnambool in 1886 and three generations of the Sambell family conducted chemist shops in four different locations in Fairy Street. Sambell and Son were operating at 151 Fairy Street in the late 1910s and in the 1920s. This is an item of interest as it not only shows us the type of box used by chemists t0 package their medicines in the 1920s but also reminds us of the days when Seidlitz Powers were commonly used for indigestion and constipation. It also has a strong link to the Sambell family, chemists in Warrnambool for over 40 years. This is an empty cream-coloured cardboard box with a lid with blue edgings and printed material in blue type and a British crest and an ornamental pattern around the edges of the lid. The sides of the box are torn and the box is discoloured and dirty. Superior Genuine, Seidlitz Powders, prepared by Sambell & Son, Dispensing Chemists, Fairy Street Warrnambool, ‘Phone 90, Directions – Dissolve the contents of one of the BLUE papers in half a pint of cold water, add the contents of one of the WHITE papers, and drink during a state of effervescence’sambell and son, chemists, seidlitz powders, warrnambool

Document. 3 page typed document titled 'Resources of Bendigo Goldfields'. An address to the citizens of Bendigo Goldfield. Mentions gold figures from the period 1898 - 1908. Document mentions the engine drivers strike and Mr. A. J. Moore, consulting mining engineer who had a paper on the Bendigo Goldfield appear in the Chemical Engineering and Mining Review. Mentions number of companies on the dividend list from 1870 - 1920. Also mentions in March 1891, 19 companies were over 2000 feet. Lansell's 180 was 2640 feet. Also large brown envelope, McColl, Rankin & Stanistreet with notes re - Romance of Goldfields, Premier Companies, Sebastian Mining Leases, Resources of Bgo Goldfield, and Sheepshead Line of Reef.cottage, miners, resources of bendigo goldfield

Common Opal is a mineraloid that is non crystallising and is classed as an amorphous silicate, the chemical composition for Opal is SiO2 nH2O. Opals can develop in weathered sedimentary rock typical in arid regions where limited water enters small gaps in the rock, and the silicate is hydrated. Common opals, unlike precious opals, do not exhibit ‘play of colour’ in which the colour appears to change depending on the angle of view. While precious opals are highly valuable and cut as gemstones for jewellery, common opals can be cut into inexpensive gemstones and are also mined for various uses including as ingredients in ceramics, insulation, fillers, and abrasives. The source of this common opal specimen is unknown, but common opals are found around the world, notable deposits are found in Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales, Peru, Kenya, Nevada, Oregon, and Mexico. This common opal specimen is of historic and scientific significance due to its donation in 1868 as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria and as a typical example of uncut common opal. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A palm-sized amorphous (non-crystallising) hydrated silicate mineraloid specimen in shades of brown, orange, and white.Existing label: Common Opal / Locality unknowngeological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, common opal, opal, mineraloid, amorphous silicates, hydrated silicate

Joseph Bosisto was a Yorkshireman who had qualified as a Pharmacist in Leeds and London. He arrived in Adelaide in 1848 at the age of 21. In 1851 he moved to Victoria in search of gold, but instead opened a pharmacy in Richmond, where he built a laboratory to investigate the chemical and medicinal properties of Australian plants. As a result of the collaboration with von Meuller the essential oil industry of Australia began in 1852, when Bosisto commenced operations in a small, rudely constructed still at Dandenong Creek, Victoria, using the leaves of a form of E. radiata (then known as E. amygdalina) which grew profusely in the district. Bosisto soon built other distilleries at Emerald, Menzies Creek and Macclesfield. World War II soldiers packed it in their mess kits to keep foot fungus in the tropics at bay. Small clear glass Eucalyptus Oil bottle with metal screw lid and large label on front.Front Label - War Time Pack Back - This bottle remains property of J Bosisto &Co Pty Ltd Richmond Victoria Bottom-F1196bottle eucalyptus-oil bosisto-joseph

This little bag of "whitener" additive for the washing of white clothes was manufactured in Hull in the United Kingdom mid and later 1900's. The Manufacturer, Ricketts, was one of the first manufacturers to employ women in equal proportions with males (a rarity before 1914). This product was used to improve the appearance of white fabrics. This ability to use a product that would "whiten" clothes chemically rather than the "hard boiling" of clothes was a time saver and a lot easier on the fabrics. This is a boon to rural families where time was of the essence (boiling took time). The blue coloring was introduced because the white colour perception is enhanced by the blue (fadeable and not permanent). The "washing machine industry" of the late 1900's emphasised "whitening" agents that were not so haphazard in producing blue stains, and allowed a "gentle" washing action. This item is very significant in detailing the early 1900's rural household domestic "chore" of washing white clothes to a "social" standard of cleanliness. White shirts were the mark cleanliness that those outside of the family judged the family unit by. The best clothes were worn to church on Sundays. Hard and mostly rural activities/work in the Kiewa Valley encompassing farming, crop cultivation, cattle/sheep and "field work" to do with the SEC Vic Hydro Scheme involved provided a stain prone environment. As appearances, of clothing, was on the whole not significant it was a different scenario at social and religious scenes. The ability to attain "brilliant" white shirts, dresses and bonnets by a less drastic method to that of "boiling" of clothes in vats, was a boon of that "era". The anti establishment revolt came later in the 1950's onward took longer to migrate from the cities and larger rural townships to eventually sneak into the Kiewa valley.This "blue bag" is a whitening agent wrapped in flannel or muslin, or sold ready bagged (1 ounce).It was used in the final rinse to "whiten white coloured clothes" The string was used to facilitate finger grip onto the "bag" after the wash had finished for easy removal to stop the hand and other surfaces from being stained by the blue colour residue drips.domestic and commercial laundries, starch and whitening additive, washing brightener

A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top, usually with a rounded U-shaped bottom. Test tubes are widely used by pharmacists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. Their round bottom and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring, make them easier to clean, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long, narrow neck slows down the spreading of vapours and gases to the environment. Test tubes are usually held in special-purpose racks. Culture tubes for biology are usually made of clear plastic (such as polystyrene or polypropylene) by injection moulding and are often discarded after use.A clear plastic test tubepharmacy, test tubes, plastic, culture test tubes, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, polypropylene, laboratories

Dendrites are deposits of black minerals, typically manganese oxides that precipitated from water seeping through fractures in fine-grain rocks like a sandstone or limestone. Dendrites are much less regular than plant fossils and lacks vein structures. The manganese cryztallizes through the process called 'supercooling'. Some samples of dendrites occur in volcanic rocks in the Lilydale district, east of Melbourne. Sandstones are made of tiny sand grains that may have been deposited in the sea and later formed together. Most sandstones are made of quartz which are chemically-resistant minerals. This particular specimen was donated by Alfred Selwyn in 1868 as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria. It is connected to the original 1875 catalogue on Geological Specimen with number 189 'Quartz Crystals_Quartz Crystals (two are polished)'Dendrites on sandstones This specimen is an important contribution to the geological history of Victoria, as well as its links to the 1868 Geological Survey of Victoria. This specimen is part of larger collection of significant geological specimens in the Burke Museum that was collected from around the world between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collection as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria 1852-1974. The Geological Survey of Victoria was an organisation founded in response to the Victorian gold rush to explore the geological and mineral resources and to record a detailed map of the state. It was headed by British geologist, Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn (1824-1902), who was responsible for issuing over 60 geological maps during his 17 years as director. These maps were all hand-drawn and coloured and became the benchmark for accuracy for geological mapping. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A hand-sized slice of light brown sandstone with dendrites formed from crystallized manganese oxide.Existing label: Not sure what / 'Slica dondrites' / means. / Sample is sandstone and original label / identifies it as from / the Grampians near Stawell. / C. Willman / 15/4/21 Other label: [illegible] / stone [ illegible] / from Grampians Stawell / 1894 /geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, dendrites, sandstones, quartz, lilydale district, geological survey of victoria, grampians, victoria rocks, minerals, rocks, manganese oxides, alfred selwyn

Large unused diamond shaped Austox label made for use on ethylene cylinders. Beige with red lettering.Information printed on label: SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR MEDICAL USE / AUSTOX [logo] / INFLAMMABLE / ETHYLENE / KEEP COOL / Product of the OHIO CHEMICAL & MFG. CO., CLEVELAND. / Contents...............c.ft. ............... gallons (Imp.) / Weight of Full Cylinder ..........lbs. ..........ozs. / 31 OUNCES ETHYLENE = 166 1/2 GALLONS (IMPERIAL) / Use only moderate force when closing valve / Always test with water for leakage after using / Australian Oxygen & Industrial Gases / Pty. Ltd. / MELBOURNElabel, cylinder, cig, ethylene, austox, ohio chemical and mfg company, australian oxygen and industrial gases pty ltd, commonwealth industrial gases ltd

Peaked cap worn by “Vivian Donald BULLEN". He first enlisted in the 2nd AIF on 11.3.1942 age 22 years 8 months No VX75447, during his time he rose to Acting Cpl, attached to No 4 Chemical Warfare Coy RAE and A.A.O.C in Bendigo, he was hospitalised with a Peptic Ulcer, discharged from the Army on 3.9.1943 to join the RAAF. Enlisted in the RAAF on 4.9.1943 No 431933 as a Aircraftsman, after initial training he was posted to “Air Gunnery School” on 4.2.1944, embarked for England 28.4.1944, went through 3 training units in Bomber Command, posted to 466 Sqd Driffield 19.1.1945. He rose through the ranks from Aircraftsman - LAC - Sgt - Flt Sgt - Fly Officer by 7.10.1945. He flew 13 sorties and was eligible for the France & Germany Star. Embarked for Australia 29.6.1945, discharged from RAAF 9.10.1945. Cap - peaked, navy blue cotton twill, black leather hat band with brass button keepers. RAAF badge in gold and red crown above eagle wings and laurel wreath. Inside cap, leather sweatband and cotton lining. Makers label imprint on sweatband.Sweatband - makers label imprint "Sam Brown Leather". headwear, uniform, ww2, raaf, vivian donald bullen

When the fabric is removed from the loom it is often stiff, rough and uneven. There are a number of finishing processes, both mechanical and chemical that give wool fabrics their special look and feel. The fabric is often scoured again to remove oils and dirt picked up during manufacture. It is then pressed. For a soft and fluffy surface, the fabric is brushed. For a smooth surface, it is shorn. For centuries, machines similar to this teasle gig were used to finish fabrics. It uses the prickly flower head off the teasle plant (Dispsacus Fullonum) to do the delicate work to raise the surface, or nap, the woollen cloth. At least 1,500 teasle heads are needed for one gig. The teasel is a thistle like plant whose dried heads are used on the teasel gig. They are fixed to frames around the drum, or gig. The gig turns in the opposite direction to the flow of the cloth until the nap is raised. Also spelled as Teazel Gig.Large metal machine with wooden rollers and teasel covered drum.textile finishing, raising, raising machinery, teasel gig, fabric, wool processing, plants, thistle, drum

This is a photograph of Jack Warren, Jessie and Sylvia McNaughton. The photographer was Warren, Helena (1871-1962) who was a self-taught photographer who became both the local press correspondent and a producer of humorous trompe l'oeil postcard images. Helena Warren was a thirty-two year old settler living on a small mixed farm with her husband, William, at Newmerella, near Orbost in Gippsland, Victoria, when she bought her first camera, an Austral Box quarter-plate. Her family says she was entirely self-taught, like many women photographers who started out with nothing but the instructions on the packets of film and chemicals. In over fifty years practice she graduated from the total novice, who opened all her first mail order plates in bright sunlight and ruined them, to a competent photographer who became both the local press correspondent and an inveterate producer of humorous trompe l’oeil postcard images.This photograph has significance in its association with Helen Frances Warren, a popular Orbost identity who was well known as an accomplished photographer and needleworker.A black / white photograph of three young chilodren sitting in a pumpkin in water. There is a Union Jack at each end.pumpkins-orbost warren-helena-photographer mcnaughton-jessie mcnaughton-sylvia

The photographer was Warren, Helena (1871-1962) who was a self-taught photographer who became both the local press correspondent and a producer of humorous trompe l'oeil postcard images. Helena Warren was a thirty-two year old settler living on a small mixed farm with her husband, William, at Newmerella, near Orbost in Gippsland, Victoria, when she bought her first camera, an Austral Box quarter-plate. Her family says she was entirely self-taught, like many women photographers who started out with nothing but the instructions on the packets of film and chemicals. In over fifty years practice she graduated from the total novice, who opened all her first mail order plates in bright sunlight and ruined them, to a competent photographer who became both the local press correspondent and an inveterate producer of humorous trompe l’oeil postcard images. This photograph has significance in its association with Helen Frances Warren, a popular Orbost identity who was well known as an accomplished photographer and needleworker, A black / white photograph of a young boy in a carved out pumpkin in water. It has two flags.warren-helena-photographer pumpkins-orbost

This measuring glass for fluids was used mostly used for medicines but could have been used for measuring photography chemicals. The glass was once owned by Dr W R Angus, who practised in Warrnambool in the 20th century. It was donated by members of his family. Dr Angus enjoyed photography amongst other hobbies. The maker, J.W. Small & Co. was a long established camera and photography business Camera Corner, in 270 Little Collins Street, Melbourne. At the 1887 Melbourne Exhibition the company showcased bicycles as well as a wide range of photography equipment including cameras and any other accessories and needs for the amateur photographer. In 1887 the sole proprietor of the business was Mr Herbert Small. The firm offered the service of developing and enlarging pictures. In 1894 the firm advertised as photographic and lantern material manufacturers. There were branches in Adelaide and Sydney also. The company was still in business in the 1920's, when Dr Angus graduated as a doctor and surgeon.The medicine glass is significant for its association with Dr William Roy Angus, who practice medicine in Warrnambool for several decades. He and his wife were heavily involved in the community. Dr Angus was also connected to the maritime history of Warrnambool, being the last Port Medical Officer. The glass is also associated with the Melbourne company J.W. Small &O Co, which was 'long established' in 1887.Medicine glass (dose cup or measuring glass), for measuring fluids. This glass holds 1 fluid ounce. Wide mouth with pouring lip tapers sharply to narrow centre of the base, which has a round flat foot. Black inscriptions are on the side of the glass, showing fluid ounces and fluid drachmas. An opaque label on the back shows maker details. The other side has a label. The glass was made in England for the Australian company J.W. Small & Co. It is part of the W R Angus Collection. "FLUID OUNCES" "FLUID DRACHMS" "MADE IN ENGLAND / FOR / J.W. SMALL & CO / MELBOURNE, SYDNEY AND ADELAIDE"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, measuring glass, dose cup, medical equipment, medicine glass, medication administration, w.r. angus, j.w. small & co, fluid measurment, photography equipment

A hair fashion accessory for 20thCentury ladies. Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organics that are malleable and can be moulded into solid objects of diverse shapes. Due to their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, and imperviousness to water, plastics are used in an enormous and expanding range of products. They displaced many traditional materials, such as wood, stone, horn and bone, leather, paper, metal, glass, and ceramic, in most of their former uses including jewellery. Parkesine is considered the first man-made plastic. The plastic material was patented by Alexander Parkes, In Birmingham, UK in 1856.The world's first fully synthetic plastic was bakelite, invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland who coined the term 'plastics'. After World War I, improvements in chemical technology led to an explosion in new forms of plastics, with mass production beginning in the 1940s during World War 11 due to shortages of silk and ivory.A plastic, tortoise shell pattern, lady's hair-comb in the mantilla style with diamante decoration.hair fashion, hairdressing, coiffure, plastic, personal effects, jewellery, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, world war 1 1914-1918, world war 11 1939-1945, silk, ivory, bakelite,

Galena is the natural compound of lead and classed as a sulphide, it crystallises in a cubic pattern and its chemical formula is PbS. Galena is a primary source of both lead and silver. This specimen of Galena comes from Broken Hill. Broken Hill has one of the world’s largest and most significant deposit of ore for the production of lead. Mining of Galena at Broken Hill began with the staking of land by Charles Rasp in 1883. By the following year, in 1884, Rasp and six others had formed Broken Hill Mining Company. Broken Hill Mining Company eventually evolved into BHP group limited and is currently the largest mining company in the world and the largest company in Australia. There is archaeological evidence from artefacts discovered in Turkey that humans have been extracting lead from galena by the process of smelting since at least 6500 BCE. This specimen also has quartz on the top surface which is frequently discovered alongside Galena. This mineral specimen is of historic significance as a sample of Galena extracted from Broken Hill during the 19th century. Mining for Galena in Broken Hill begin in 1883 by Charles Rasp and evolved into the world’s largest mining company – BHP Group Limited. Broken Hill is one of the world’s most significant deposits of ore for the production of lead. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A flat, hand-sized, grey sulphide specimen that is the natural compound of lead with a quartz formation on the top surface. Existing Label: GALENA / (with quartz) / Locality: Broken Hill / N.S.W 120 x 70 x 29geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, galena, galena quartz, quartz, charles rasp, broken hill mining company, bhp group limited, bhp, lead, ore, lead sulphide, sulphide, silver, broken hill

Reference to international exhibitions.Eight round cardboard boxes with lids, some with white paper black printed labels on lid and sides.On some lids 'IMPROVED GELATINE CAPSULES CONTAINING PURE YELLOW SANDAL WOOD DOSE TWO : THREE TIMES A DAY DR. FRANCAIS LEBEAUX RUE RIVOLI PARIS'. On the sides of some boxes are round white labels with printed black text. 'H & CO TRADEMARK HOOD & CO DISPENSING & PRACTICAL CHEMISTS MELBOURNE'. 'DUBLIN INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION SECTION ii HOOD & CO'. 'ARTS & MANUFACTURERS'. 'ADELAIDE PRESENTED H R H THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH 1867 HOOD & CO'. 'INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AWARD FOR CHEMICALS & C PHILADELPHIA 1876'. international exhibition 1876