Digitised video (2.73GB). Duration: 58 minutes. Recorded July, 2024. (Video is available for viewing at Ringwood & District Historical Society Archives by appointment)Guest Speaker, Peter Hanson grew up in Warrandyte surrounded by signs of gold mining activities including in his own back yard. In this presentation, Peter talks about the numerous diggings in the area, with images, maps and drawings of the mines, tunnels, shafts and structures above and below ground.

Items of correspondence (to Miss M Bush). A. Invitation to Miss M Bush to marriage of Beverley Edith Lansell to Robert Graeme Orr on 10/11/1937. Postmarked 18/10/37; b. from Office of The Secretary for Railways (NSW) to M. Bush re enquiry about Reso train. Letter, receipts and two photographs of Reso train leaving Running Creek No 2 tunnel (North Coast Line).person, individual, bush collection - personal, bush collection, collection, wedding invitation, photograph, photo, correspondence, reso train, transportation, trains, railway line

"Victorian Members of the Australian Mining Corps 1916 - 1919". The 4 mining units formed by the Royal Australian Engineers for the British Expeditionary Force departed Australia for the United Kingdom 1916. After May 1916 the four constituent companies of the Australian Mining Corps were deployed directly as part of the Tunnelling Companies of the Royal Engineers. list produced by "The Australian Mining Corps Memorial Campaign Inc".1. & 2. Record document - facsimile copy of names. Black print on white paper. Both 8 pages - printed on one side, white paper. Stapled top left corner.records, royal australian engineers, tunnellers, ww1

In December of 1939 the excavation of a diversion tunnel was commenced to divert water from the East Kiewa River to allow construction of the dam wall. This was completed in February 1940. Lewis Construction Co. had the contract with excavation starting in February and the first batch of concrete placed in September. In 1942 the S.E.C. took over the construction and the wall was completed in March, 1944. Type of construction: reinforced concrete slab buttress.Of historical importance in the Kiewa area as it shows the form work and preparation necessary before the pouring of concrete for the first dam in the hydro electric scheme. The destruction caused by the 1939 bushfires is also evident in the upper left hand corner.A black and white photograph of the early construction of Junction Dam wall viewed from downstreamOn back of photograph (left hand upper corner) Junction Dam 4-4-81 Dam viewed from downstream 352 Time to use for correct Exp. 40 secjunction dam, bogong, secv

In December of 1939 the excavation of a diversion tunnel was commenced to divert water from the East Kiewa River to allow construction of the dam wall. This was completed in February, 1940. Lewis Construction Company had the contract with excavation starting in February and the first batch of concrete placed in September. In 1942 the SECV took over the construction and the wall was completed in March, 1944. Type of construction: Reinforced concrete, slab buttress.Of historical importance in the Kiewa area as it shows the form work and preparation necessary before the pouring of concrete for the first dam in the hydro electric scheme. The destruction caused by the 1939 bushfires is also evident in the upper left hand cornerBlack and white photo, early construction of Junction Dam Wall, viewed from downstreamOn back of photo (left hand upper corner) Junction Dam 5-4-81 Dam viewed from downstream. 352 Time to use for correct exp. 40 sec.bogong, junction dam, secv

Wal Jack had an extensive range of correspondents throughout Australia and the world who often provided him with detailed drawings and notes on various tramway systems. This letter details over two pages Alwyn's notes on San Francisco trams - cable, electric and the Twin Peaks tunnel. Notes changes to the cable tram system in the mid 1950s. There may have been additional sheets.Demonstrates some of the correspondence that Wal Jack received from around the world.Handwritten letter one ruled foolscap sheet, written on both sides - undated. letters, wal jack, railways, tramways, alwyn marshall, san francisco, cable trams

The Junction Dam and Clover Dam Power Station, stages of the Kiewa Hydro-Electric Scheme, were needed to meet the increased power demands of the wartime industry in Victoria. Clover added 26 megawatts to the grid. Junction Dam was completed and ready to hold water by September 1943, but was emptied in December 1943 and not filled again until May 1944. Construction of Clover Power Station commenced in July 1941 and both turbines were in service by May 1945.Clover Power Station and Junction Dam were part of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme constructed by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria.Set of 22 black and white photographs taken by the official SECV photographer who gave each photo a number prefixed by K (for Kiewa) K60 -no date- A bridge and entrance to tunnel K519 -no date- Welding steel lining in the tunnel K531 –no date- Construction on the Kiewa Scheme (tunnel in background K821 – no date- Bogong Village, early days K928 -15 Oct 1942- Construction Clover Power Station K947 -26 Oct 1942- Construction Clover Power Station K948 -26 Oct 1942- Construction Clover Power Station K949- 26 Oct 1942- Clover Camp in background K950 -26 Oct 1942- Construction Clover Power Station K955 -27 Oct 1942- Constructing the bridge at Clover K1102 -7 April 1943- Inlet pipe to power station K1179 –no date- Clover Power Station K1187 – no date- Clover Power Station K1189 -24 June 1943- Part of the spiral casing 1199 -7 July 1943- Clover Power Station K1201 -7 July 1943- Clover Power Station K1231 -26 July 1943- Gantry crane for Clover Power Station K1308 -6 Sept 1943- Spiral casing K1334 -6 Oct 1943- Lake Guy. Bogong Village in background K1342 -29 Oct 1943- Power station under construction K1365 -19 Nov 1943- Power station under construction K1366 -19 Nov 1943- Gantry crane for Clover Power Station On the back- each photograph has a handwritten reference number starting with K and the date stamped or written (see above)secv; kiewa hydro electric scheme; official photographer; junction dam; clover power station; bogong;

Formerly KV 071. It was used to break up rock and ore, making it easier to extract valuable minerals. The pointed end of the pick axe was used to chip away rock, while the flat end was used to strike the rock for breaking it apart. This one has a short handle. Miners picks were commonly used in the the 19th and early 20th centuries for extracting gold from underground mine tunnels.Used in the Kiewa Valley where prospecting for gold occurred.Formerly KV 071. Cast iron symmetrical pick tool on cast iron with a wooden handle. It has a pointed end and a flat end. It is 12 inches long.gold mining, miners' pick axe, hand tool

Elvis Eagle, the 'bodgie bird', saved the plane and found The Flying Dogtor lying unconscious on the bank of a river after his frightening trip down an underground tunnel. Meanwhile, back at the Hilltop Hospital, his nurse Sister Spaniel, was still trying to cope with a strange disease that had attacked the bush creatures. Little did she know what awful adventures had befallen The Flying Dogtor.The Flying Dogtor" series was broadcast on Australian Television Network (later becoming the Seven Network) between February and April 1964 (see item D254 for schedule).Typewritten, carbon copy, foolscap, 2 pagesPage 1: handwritten correctionthe flying dogtor, robin boyd, crawford productions, manuscript

Colour photograph of a brick building Grit Chamber, beside tunnel entrance on Mt William range. Part of Stawell water supply system. Building has 2 windows and one door. At the door a man is standing with one arm leaning near the door holding a hat. Roof is iron. Background shows trees. Man is Geoff Sudholtz. Building burnt down c2006 with only foundations left.buildings, water supply

Pages 19, 20, 21 & 22 of the Sun News-Pictorial dated Tuesday, September 22, 1936. It has part of a serial, racing news and a number of pictures spread over pages 20 & 21. One of the pictures is a goods train emerging from the tunnel north of Elphinstone, on the Bendigo line. Another picture is a small child, Kelvin Rodgers who had been to America to have a nail removed from his lung.newspaper, sun news -pictorial, tunnerl scene bendigo railway, foster & wilson collection, the sun news-pictorial 22 sep 1936

Colour postcard divided back, four photo panels - Biscay Greetings, of A class 243 (Route 48, North Balwyn) in Flinders St at Swanston St. In the background is the Port Phillip Arcade, ANZ bank and other shops demolished during 2018/9 for the Metro Tunnel works. Back has space for name and address, stamp and a message and details of the postcard. Produced by Biscay Greetings, possibly mid 1980's. Card No. BG307trams, tramways, a class, flinders st, route 48, tram 243

Report - Foolscap, card covers, red binding strip, 12 sheets + 4 drawings (fold out), titled "Underground Routes - Ultimate Development - St Kilda Road Section", detailing the proposal, including costs, issues, drains, obstructions. Includes cross sections of the tunnels and notes on public access. Dated August 1969. Includes parts where the roadway would dip under cross streets as well as the tram lines. Drawings not scanned.Has "Lees" in pencil on top right hand corner.trams, tramways, underground tramways, swanston st, reports, new tramways, st kilda road

Garden views, newly planted Melaleuca styphelioides, Garden view "BHC". "Spear Thistle Flowers". "Orchard Weed Control Terbacil?" "Feeding Hay to Merino X" "Baleo? Lucerne." 1. "Glasshouse Display." 2. Fitzroy Gardens excursion? 3. "Rose Pruning Day." 4. "Cut Flowers" growing in the Orchard. "B.H.C. Gardens" Jan 8? 5. Sequoia sempervirens & Jacaranda. 7. Student spraying in the Orchard. 8. Poly tunnel. 6, 10. Inside a greenhouse. 9. Sign "Plant Science Laboratory Lecture Room 5 ‎‎‎→". Poly tunnel Jan? 11. Student Representative Council? 12. an unreadable sign near the Plant Research Institute. 13. Plant Research Institutue. 14. Students in Class.15. "Citrus Burnley Orchard. 16. " Student being taught how to lay irrigation pipe (Burnley?) Students in class . 17, 18..Students in Science Laboratory. 19, 20. a student on a ride-on-mower in the Gardens "Burnley" 21. Tap in the ground - irrigation?garden views, bhc, weed control, merino, lucerne, glasshouses, displays, fitzroy gardens, flowers, jacaranda, nurseries, equipment, spraying, poly tunnel, plant science laboratory, plant research institute, irrigation pipe, mower, melaleuca styphelioides, spear thistle, orchard, greenhouse, rose pruning day, greenhouses, students in class, students working outside

Excavation of a diversion tunnel was commenced in 1939 to divert water from the East Kiewa River to allow construction of the dam wall. This was completed in February 1940 and excavation for the dam wall commenced in the same month, with the first batch of concrete placed in September. Lewis construction Company had the contract, but the S.E.C. took over construction in March 1942 and the dam was completed in March 1944. Type of construction: reinforced concrete, slab buttress.Importance in the Kiewa area as it shows the formwork and preparation necessary before the pouring of concrete for the first dam in the Kiewa Hydro Electric SchemeBlack and white photos (2 identical) of early construction of Junction Dam wall, viewed from downstream.Back of photo, upper right hand corner: No. 1 - Construction of Bogong Dam Wall (written in pencil) No. 2 - Same as one (written in pencil)construction, dam wall, excavation, bogong, secv

The Flying Dogtor, tricked by Crafty Carson Carpetbag into falling into an old mineshaft, wandered into an underground limestone cave and then slipped into a subterranean river. He was swept into a long dark tunnel. Meanwhile, high above him, Crafty tried to fly the Dogtor's plane away. He couldn't control it and the plane shot up into the sky without him, rolling over and over without a pilot, without its master, The Flying Dogtor.The Flying Dogtor" series was broadcast on Australian Television Network (later becoming the Seven Network) between February and April 1964 (see item D254 for schedule).Typewritten, carbon copy, foolscap, 2 pagesPages 1 & 2: handwritten corrections on both pagesthe flying dogtor, robin boyd, crawford productions, manuscript

This globe is unusual as the filament is coiled and held by 5 points coming from a tall glass piece inside the globe. This light globe belonged to the S.E.C.V and may have been used for a special purpose on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme.The S.E.C.V. built the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme using unique equipment to achieve it construction.A heavy clear glass light bulb with brown bakelite surrounding a cream vitreous fitting. At the base the fitting is wide with 2 tunnel shapes on one side and 1 on the opposite side. Underneath it has 3 holes and is partly hollow. The filament has a tall glass piece with 2 very fine wires on each side near its base and 3 short very fine wires each attached to each coil on its top- one wire.Under the base: 'Made in England / 1908 / Vitreous'light. globe. state electricity commission of victoria. kiewa electric hydro scheme. electricity.

A printed leather Wright & Ditson (USA) advertising banner, with wooden support pole inserted through a tunnel loop sewn into upper edge. Banner depicts a graphical composition with the word 'TENNIS' intersected by a vertical tennis racquet which is branded 'WRIGHT & DITSON' on the throat. On the net of the racquet a male figure is depicted, wearing a striped blazer and cap, and holding a tennis racquet. A rectangular pink decorative border surrounds this composition. Materials: Wood, Leather, Ink, Metaltennis

HENRY MILLER No 6059 enlisted in 19th reinforcements 6th Batt AIF on 29.1.1916 age 28 years 11 months. Embarked for England 28.7.1916, transferred to 38th Batt 24.9.1916, embarked for France 22.11.1916, hospitalised 23.11.1916 with Mumps, detached for duty with Aust Tunnelling Coy 19.2.1917, WIA 28.5.1917 GSW to lower jaw and arm severe, returned to Australia for discharge, compound fracture lower jaw, discharged from the AIF 15.10.1918.Medals, court mounted, set of 2, re H MILLER 1. War Medal 1914-19 2. Victory Medal6059 PTE H MILLER 38 BN AIFmedals, military, history, passchendaele barracks trust

Although the Kiewa Hydro-Electric Scheme was first proposed in 1911, construction did not commence until 1938. As part of the push to cut electricity costs and diversify supply, the Victorian Government (circa 1930) initiated the conversion from primarily brown coal supply to hydro – electricity. Field investigations during the 1940’s resulted in a new proposal for a scheme that had more than double the capacity of the 1938 scheme. The Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme became the largest scheme of its kind in the State Of Victoria and the second largest scheme in Australia. The number of personnel involved in the planning and construction of the scheme increased dramatically. During the late 1940’s, most activity centred around the construction of the West Kiewa Power Station, Rocky Valley Reservoir, McKay Creek Power Station and the Bogong Creek Aqueduct.A common thread across all the larger hydro scheme constructions was the need for workers, both qualified and unqualified who came from around the world seeking a new life for themselves and their families. New accommodation and facilities were required for the army of workers engaged in construction in often remote and wild areas. The SEC had a high demand for timber, and set up the first of a number of sawmills at Bogong Creek in 1939 and set up the first hardwood logging in the headwaters of the Kiewa River. These new ‘towns’ such as Mt Beauty and Bogong, survived, serving the needs of operational personnel and their families, and expanding with growth of new industries. Mount Beauty, and to a lesser extent Bogong, are among these places. Large A3 size spiral bound display folder containing 21 of 58 pages of photocopied black and white photographs of various aspects of the early days of the Kiewa Valley Hydro-electric scheme including equipment, various work sites and photographs of workers and their families. 1-Front page; 2-Security gate at Mt Beauty Camp; 3-Channel 1 on East Kiewa River; 4-Junction Dam – Diversion Tunnel Inlet; 5-Sawmill; 6- Homan’s Gap Sawmill; 7 Junction Dam: 8-Homan Dam Site-Diamond Drilling on River Buttress; 9- Homan Dam Site View Upstream 10-Homan Dam Investigation Camp 1-Windsor & Newton Visual Diary 60 sheet (120 pages) 11’ x 14’ 280 x 356mm 110 GSM Acid Free Drawing Paper 2-1940-Security Gate on Mt Beauty side of Kiewa River bridge. Part of old Mt Beauty camp and mess in background 3- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date; 11.3.40 Time: 10.30am No K35 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works. Diverting East Kiewa River into Channel Page number 1 4-STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 5.4.40 Time: Noon No K58 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works. Junction Dam – Diversion Tunnel Inlet – Normal Flow Page number 2 5- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 19.8.42 Time: 2.30pm No K883 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works. Sawmill – General View Page number 3 6- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 12.1.42 Time: 2.00pm No K540 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works. Homan’s Gap Sawmill – General View Page number 4 7- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 12.1.42 Time: 2.00pm No K540 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works. Junction Dam – General View looking upstream Page number 5 8- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 16.11.45 Time: 10.32amm No K52153 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Homan Dam Site – Diamond Drilling on River Buttress Page number 6 9-STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 15.1.45 Time: 4.10pm No K1781 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Homan Dam Site – View Upstream Page number 7 10- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 15.1.45 Time: 4.10pm No K1781 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Homan Dam Investigation Camp 1944 – 1945 Page number 8 secv; kiewa hydro electric scheme; mt beauty; bogong; construction work;

Although the Kiewa Hydro-Electric Scheme was first proposed in 1911, construction did not commence until 1938. As part of the push to cut electricity costs and diversify supply, the Victorian Government (circa 1930) initiated the conversion from primarily brown coal supply to hydro – electricity. Field investigations during the 1940’s resulted in a new proposal for a scheme that had more than double the capacity of the 1938 scheme. The Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme became the largest scheme of its kind in the State Of Victoria and the second largest scheme in Australia. The number of personnel involved in the planning and construction of the scheme increased dramatically. During the late 1940’s, most activity centred around the construction of the West Kiewa Power Station, Rocky Valley Reservoir, McKay Creek Power Station and the Bogong Creek Aqueduct.A common thread across all the larger hydro scheme constructions was the need for workers, both qualified and unqualified who came from around the world seeking a new life for themselves and their families. New accommodation and facilities were required for the army of workers engaged in construction in often remote and wild areas. The SEC had a high demand for timber, and set up the first of a number of sawmills at Bogong Creek in 1939 and set up the first hardwood logging in the headwaters of the Kiewa River. These new ‘towns’ such as Mt Beauty and Bogong, survived, serving the needs of operational personnel and their families, and expanding with growth of new industries. Mount Beauty, and to a lesser extent Bogong, are among these places. PHYSICAL: Large A3 size spiral bound display folder containing 21 pages of photocopied black and white photographs of various aspects of the early days of the Kiewa Valley Hydro-electric scheme including equipment, various work sites and photographs of workers and their families. 1-Bridge across Tailrace Channel 1946 2-New Mess building, Mt Beauty 3-Homan’s Gap Saw Mill 4- Diamond Drilling Plant – Big Hill 5-Rocky Valley Camp-Mess Building 6-Parlimentary Party at Rocky Valley 7-No.4 Headrace Tunnel 8- Allis-Chalmers Tractor School 9- SECV Heavy Machinery lined up by road 10- No. 5 Raceline – Balasting Track with improvised truck 1-1946 – Bridge across tailrace channel Page number 9 2-New mess building, Mt Beauty 6.4.46 Page number 10 3- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 10.1.47 Time: 11.40am No K2271 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Homan’s Gap Saw Mill – Rip Saw Page number 11 4- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 5.10.47 Time: 11am No K4111 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Diamond Drilling Plant – Big Hill Page number 12 5- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 11.2.48 Time: 3pm No K4277 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Rocky Valley Camp-Mess Building Page number 13 6- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 15.4.48 Time: 4.30pm No K4397 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Parlimentary Party at Rocky Valley Page number 14 7- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 22.8.48 Time: 9am No K4668 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works General view of No.4 Headrace Tunnel Page number 15 8-STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 5.9.49 Time: 10am No K5180 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works Allis-Chalmers Tractor School – HD 19, Mr I Crossthwaite at Controls Page number 16 9- No markings Page number 17 10- STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA Date: 7,12.49 Time: 4pm No K5423 Kiewa Hydro Electric Works No. 5 Raceline – Balasting Track with improvised truck. Page number 18 secv; kiewa hydro electric scheme; mt beauty; bogong; construction area

The Flying Dogtor was called to the Snowy Mountains Scheme by the Government to help solve the mystery of a monster or sea serpent, that was wandering the lakes and tunnels. Several times, the Dogtor caught a glimpse of a monster but every time, it got away before he could see it properly or speak to it. Then he came to a weird-looking lookout on the edge of the lake, and paid his sixpence to climb to the platform for a look through a telescope. He heard faintly, a nasty sound of eerie, spidery laughter.The Flying Dogtor" series was broadcast on Australian Television Network (later becoming the Seven Network) between February and April 1964 (see item D254 for schedule).Typewritten, carbon copy, foolscap, 2 pagesHandwritten pencil edits and additions.the flying dogtor, robin boyd, crawford productions, manuscript

'BUILDING THE MELBOURNE-BENDIGO RAILWAY'' ( P J MILLAR). Copied from ??? With pages numbered from 19 to 42. Detailed coverage under sections: The builders and designers of the Railway; Some of the bridges along the line (viaducts and tunnels); Ordering of materials and plant; Transport of material; The strikes along the line; Riots on the line; Darbyshire's resignation; Conclusion. Includes 12 figures (poor quality reproduction photos and one map (Contracts for the Main Trunk Lines). One copy without stapling; oneP. J. Millarbendigo, history, bendigo railway, bendigo railway, j. p. millar, captain andrew clarke.

Two black and white photographs of the scenic railway located at Katoomba N.S.W. Inscriptions: Number 503 on front of one and 496 on other. They both have the same inscriptions on front; Copyright. A. Manning Katoomba, Scenic Railway Katoomba, Blue Mountains N.S.W. Grade at this point52 degrees for a distance of 181 feet (503). 1200 feet from the top showing grade and tunnel through rock (496). Total length of railway 1300 feet at an average gradient of 45 degrees.person, individual, basil miller

Two hand sketched maps on same sheet of paper, one of the location of the Barfold Gorge in relation to surrounding towns, Mt Alexander and Turpin;s Falls. The second map is a part of the Campaspe River location of the Barfold Gorge. Shown is the location of columns, pools, type of rock, Mitchell's Falls, tunnel, cave, Queen's Falls, house, windmill, fences and places where access to the bottom of the gorge is possible. Car track and scale of 1 mile = 6 inches are also shown.place, land, barfold gorge, peter ellis collection, mitchell's falls, queen's falls, turpin's falls

Report - four foolscap sheets, clipped in top left hand corner titled "Yoke Frames for Supporting line pulleys in tunnel", dated 18/10/1916 by Mr. P. J. Pringle for the Tramway Board. Report on issues with the cable tramway yokes looking at the problems with wear, cracking, dimensions, and depth that the grip could run. Noted differences between the south and north sides of the system. Work done by Mr Blackwell and Mr. Watt. Has two sheets of tables listing the problems.trams, tramways, cable trams, cable grip, cables, maintenance, track repairs

BHS CollectionThree photocopies of a newspaper article titled Old Battery to charge-up tunnel tourism. The date 11/1/85 is written at the top of the article. There is a photo of the battery mentioning it was the Thompson's Foundry battery and it was being re-erected at Maldon, near Castlemaine. It has been in far of Victoria to crush rock taken from mines there. The battery will be one of the attractions in the Parkin's Reef Reserve being developed by the Conservation, Forests and Lands. Also mentioned is the work of volunteers, grants they received, restoration and tourism.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - old battery to charge-up tunnel tourism, thompson's foundry, parkin's reef reserve, conservation forests and lands department, carman's tunnel, north british mine, parkin's reef, carman's tunnel committee, dr doug kemsley, prospectors' and miners' association of victoria, ken garden, north british mine, george ellis

This was knitted by Marjorie Burton during WW11 in England. She used to knit while in an air raid shelter escaping the bombing with her young daughter. Air raid shelters were built specifically to serve as protection against enemy air raids. However, pre-existing structures such as underground stations (tube or subway stations), tunnels, cellars in houses or basements in larger establishments, and railway arches, above ground, were suitable for safeguarding people during air raids. This item is an example of a handcrafted item and reflects the handcraft skills of women necessary during WW11 when clothing became scarce. Clothes rationing began on June 1, 1941, two years after food rationing started. Clothes rationing ended on 15 March 1949.A hand-knitted orange/tan woolen jumper. It is a lady's long-sleeved jumper.handcraft knitting ww11