Mrs. Vanessa McDonald was born in Beechworth in 1917. Christened, Agnes Bertha Collins, Vanessa changed her name in 1960. Mrs. McDonald's family's connection with gold mining in the district reach back to the first of Beechworth's gold rushes, when her great grandfather, a Dutchman who adopted the name Charles Collins, arrived in 1851-1852. Mrs. McDonald spent her childhood in the isolated hamlet of Stanley, in the area known as 'Little Scotland', where she recalls helping her mother to raise younger siblings, picking apples and walnuts on the family farm, and roaming the hills for wildflowers. As a young woman Mrs. McDonald attended religious and social gatherings in the local community. In 1940 she went to Melbourne to work as a mothercraft nurse during the Second World War. She met her husband at a Beechworth football match and was married at the Stanley Methodist Church in 1941. The gold diggings known as the 'Nine Mile' became the hamlet of Stanley, after the British Prime Minister, Lord Stanley, in 1858. By the late 1850s, Stanley boasted schools, an athenaeum, a church, a weekly newspaper and several hotels and other civic infrastructure to cater for a growing population. The area attracted large numbers of Chinese miners, whose presence was frequently resisted. Like other early Victorian mining settlements, Stanley was a hotbed of political and racial tensions during the gold rush. One side of the Nine Mile Creek was known as 'Little Scotland’, the other, 'Little Ireland'. A number of Christian denominations built congregations and churches in Stanley, including the Church of England, Methodist Church, the Catholic Church, and Presbyterian Church. Stanley became part of the United Shire of Beechworth in 1871. By 1880 timber was being cut and two sawmills were established by 1887. River-dredged gold mining consumed vast amounts of timber from the forests in the area, and in 1931 the first of several softwood plantations began. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth'. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Following the decline in the mining and associated industries during the early-mid-twentieth century, the Beechworth district experienced a period of general economic decline. On the east side of the Dingle Range, Mrs. McDonald's father, William Henry Collins, felled timber and the family were pioneer apple orchardists. The establishment of apple orchards in Stanley reflects changes to how land was used and contributes to our understanding of the historical development of rural communities following the gold rush. Mrs. McDonald's recollections are significant for understanding family and social life in a small rural town in years leading up to the Great Depression and prior to the Second World War. This oral history recording may be compared with other oral histories and items in the Burke Museum's collection. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Mrs Vanessa McDonald /listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, emigration, gold rush immigration, victorian gold rush, mining families, apple orchard, forestry, forest plantation, little scotland, stanley, twentieth century history, regional australia, rural australia, farming, harvest festival, great depression, dingle range, the nine mile, australian wildflowers, high country wildflowers, mothercraft nurse, rural and regional women, social history, collins, mrs. vanessa mcdonald, building community life, shaping cultural and creative life, fruit growers, family history, changes to land use in regional victoria

Saddle, Fault, and Spur reefs are the main types, found in Ordovician slates and sandstones folded into anticlines and synclines. Major Productive Reefs: Hustlers, Garden Gully, Paddy's Gully, Sheepshead, New Chum, Nell Gwynne, and Carshalton.Mining Process: Gold is found in quartz lodes, extracted, crushed, and separated using mercury amalgamation. From 1851–1949, over 21 million ounces of gold were produced, valued at approximately £323 million (1964 prices). Located Bendigo is in central Victoria, north of the Dividing Range, between Campaspe Valley and Loddon flats; 100 miles from Melbourne. The City area is 8,030 acres; population around 40,000 (city), 47,000 (district).Climate is temperate, with average rainfall of 20 inches, and 320 sunny days per year. Gold First discovered in 1851 at Golden Square. Bendigo Became a municipal district in 1855, a town in 1861, a city in 1871, and changed its name from Sandhurst to Bendigo in 1891. Key Events: Establishment of hospital, police court, churches, schools, and infrastructure like railways and water supply.Governance and Civic Structure. Council Structure: 3 wards, each with 3 councillors serving 3-year terms; mayor elected by councillors. Main revenue from rates and property; principal duties include public works, health, parks, and enforcement of by-laws. Major Projects: Olympic swimming pool, market extensions, park improvements, road and drainage works.Economy and IndustryCommerce: 730 retail shops, 260 factories, and a major livestock market.Principal Industries: Meat processing, manufacturing (including ordnance, textiles, engineering), fruit and food processing, and egg production. Bendigo is Noted for sheep, lamb, fruit (especially tomatoes and apples), and dairy. Major rail and road hub with connections across Victoria and to New South Wales; tram and bus services.Education: Institute of Technology, Teachers College, multiple secondary and primary schools, and special education facilities. Several hospitals, aged care homes, and health services. 486 acres of parks and gardens, extensive sports facilities, and Lake Eppalock for water sports. Wide range of community, cultural, and sporting organizations. Regional library, art gallery, music and drama societies. Notable Figures and HeritageGeorge Lansell: Known as the "Gold King," a key figure in Bendigo's mining history. Transformation: From a sheep run to a major goldfield and then to a modern city with significant infrastructure and cultural assets. Motto Coat of Arms: Features symbols representing gold mining, agriculture, pioneering, and fruit growing.Motto: "Progress" in gold on a purple ribbon.Bendigo's history is marked by rapid growth from gold discovery, strong civic development, and a diverse economy, making it a significant regional center in Victoria.History Notes - Information on Mining, statistics and early development of Bendigo - author unknown This item contains the following document: 11217.65a Twelve Foolscap typed pages with information on Bendigonon-fictionbendigo, fortuna, george lansell, development of bendigo

Donated to PMHPS in February 2013 by Pentel/Symex Holdings, originally John Kitchen and Sons, after the sale of the Woodruff St Port Melbourne site. Arranged by Christine Wainwright, an employee of Symex of many years, who had been involved in the setting up their museum collection. Also Mary Kanellos, Symex.A4 typed pages titled "Candles, soap, apples, milk, cream, butter, butterine, marjarine and margarine from the House of Kitchen". History of J Kitchen and Sons in Melbourne.industry - manufacturing, business and traders - soaps/candles, unilever australia (holdings) ltd, j kitchen & sons pty ltd, reg a smith

Duncan King-Smith interviewed 10 former workers who were at the Gasworks from 1920 to 1957. Extracts from these interviews provided the framework for the Education Kit Entered for and (as only entrant) won the Tom Hills Memorial History Prize in 1998. Kit supported by Gasworks Arts, Apple, Australia Foundation, Gas and Fuel Corp. and City of Port PhillipSouth Melbourne Gasworks Education kit prepared in 1997 by Anna Monea (Concept, Development and Creation) with assistance from Rachel Petro (Sound Technician), containing two booklets and one USB memory stick of the same audio content held as a digital file on our Database on the computer.industry, education, anna monea, rachel petro, south melbourne gasworks, tom hills

Obituary on Wilhelm (William/ Willi) Otto Pietsch, developer of apple juice making facilities in Doncaster and Vermont South. Wilhelm Otto Pietsch was born 16 Jul 1899 Hohenwiese, Schlesien, Deutschland, Germany and died 09 Aug 1981.Local newspaper obituary on William Otto Pietsch co-founder of 'Doncaster Fruit Juices and Syrup' who died at age 82 in 1981. William immigrated in 1956 from Silesia. He set up Doncaster Fruit Juices on Doncaster Road, east of the former Eastern Golf Club. A year later in 1939, the company was moved to corner of Burwood Highway and Morack Road, Vermont.pietsch, wilhelm otto, apples, doncaster fruit juices pty ltd

Articles by apple and pear orchardist Douglas Livermore, who farmed in Vermont.Articles by apple and pear orchardist Douglas Livermore, who farmed in Vermont.orchardists, vermont, fruit industry

Obituary for Mr H.H. Hatfield of Box Hill who was one of the best known orchardists in the State. He was associated with the development of the fruitgrowing industry in the district for nearly 50 years and the introduction of the apple. He was president of the Central Fruitgrowing Society several times. Mr Hatfield was asked to assist in the classification of our pome fruits by the State Pomological Centre.Obituary for Mr H.H. Hatfield of Box Hillhatfield, h.h., orchards, central fruitgrowers association, state pomological centre

Supported by the Dept. of Primary Industries and Energy; Dept. of Agriculture Vic.; Aust. Society for Viticulture and Oenology; SA Apple and Pear Growers' Association, 22 pp.horticulture, agriculture, oenology