This is a typical example of a flat wick domestic paraffin lamp used in households prior to the introduction of electricity.A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. A flat-wick lamp has a fuel tank (fount), with the lamp burner attached. Attached to the fuel tank, four prongs hold the glass chimney, which acts to prevent the flame from being blown out and enhances a thermally induced draft. The glass chimney needs a "throat", or slight constriction, to create the proper draft for complete combustion of the fuel; the draft carries more air (oxygen) past the flame, helping to produce a smokeless light, which is brighter than an open flame would produce. The wick holder has holes around the outer edges. When the lantern is lit and a chimney is attached, the thermally induced draft draws air through these holes and passes over the top of the wick. This has a cooling effect and keeps the wick from over heating. The lamp burner has a flat wick, made of cotton. The lower part of the wick dips into the fount and absorbs the paraffin; the top part of the wick extends out of the wick tube of the lamp burner, which includes a wick-adjustment mechanism. Adjusting how much of the wick extends above the wick tube controls the flame. The wick tube surrounds the wick and ensures that the correct amount of air reaches the lamp burner. Adjustment is usually done by means of a small knob operating a cric, which is a toothed metal sprocket bearing against the wick. If the wick is too high, and extends beyond the burner cone at the top of the wick tube, the lamp will produce smoke and soot (unburned carbon). When the lamp is lit, the paraffin that the wick has absorbed burns and produces a clear, bright, yellow flame. As the paraffin burns, capillary action in the wick draws more kerosene up from the fuel tank. All paraffin flat-wick lamps use the dead-flame burner design, where the flame is fed cold air from below, and hot air exits above. (Source: Wikipedia accessed 24 Nov 2023) This lantern has a circular heavy green glass base for holding the paraffin. The base has a 12mm green glass handle. There is a small clear glass chimney with a fluted upper edge and some bubbles in the glass. The metal burner and wick holder has four metal prongs to hold the glass chimney in place. The round metal wick winder is functioning. There is a small amount of residual paraffin in the base. The flat wick is made of cotton.There are no markings to indicate the manufacturer.paraffin lamp, flat wick lamp, domestic lantern

Hand-held kerosene lamps were introduced in the late 1800s for lighting homes prior to the introduction of electricity. This lamp was used in the Bridge Hotel during early European settlement and migration to the area.This lamp is the only example of domestic lighting within the collection. It belongs to the objects relating to the interpretation of Echuca's Bridge Hotel, built by European founder Henry Hopwood.Ornate pressed metal base (4 sided) with floral design. Featuring a ribbed blue glass fuel fount, a four-pronged metal carrier (that would hold a flat cotton wick) with small circular knob (a mechanism for adjusting the wick) and a bulbous clear glass chimney with decorative scalloped edge.lamp, glass, blue glass, kerosene, flat wick, 1800s

Early Settlers used candles and lamps as their source of light after sunset. This lamp, uses a flat wick immersed in kerosene or oil, contained in the bulbous reservoir, with a side screw to adjust the flame enclosed in a glass, open top shield.A flat wick kerosene lamp. The knob protruding to the right adjusts the wick, and hence the flame size. This lamp has a plain blue glass shade -chimney with a fluted rim, blue glass geometrically engraved reservoir and a circular brass base early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, ormond, mckinnon, lighting, lamps, kerosene, paraffin, oil

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The screws on the side adjust the flame and hence the strength of the flame produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided lighting in all householdsPioneers and early settlers in Moorabbin Shire relied on kerosene lamps for lighting their homes after sunset.This kerosene, flat wick, banquet lamp has a clear glass shade chimney with a frilled rim, a reservoir of plain yellow glass and a metal engraved base . 1 side screw to adjust the flamelights, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, cheltenham. lamps, kerosene, paraffin, oil

Slightly rusty oil lamp. No painted areas, all bare metal.- LANORA - LANORA AUSTRALIAlantern, flat-wick lamp, hurricane lamp, lighting device, kerosene lamp

Kerosene table lamp, pink glass base and font, brass gallery,double flat wick.

This "hurricane lantern," is a flat-wick lamp made for portable and outdoor use. They had a strong glass shade which would protect flames from sudden drafts. It seems that the glass on this item is not the original one.This item is an important example of the early technology of artificial light. It has historical significance in demonstrating lighting devices used before the widespread use of electricity.A metal "hurricane" lamp which has a glass shade. This is a portable oil lantern which has an oil tank on the bottom that forms the base of the lamp. The tank has a door for filling (missing), it also houses the wick and knob that increases or decreases the length of the wick. It has a carrying handle attached to each side of the metal frame.On the base - No 6(?) CLIPPERlighting lantern

A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of kerosene lamp, which burns kerosene drawn up through a wick by capillary action. A flat-wick lamp has a fuel tank (fount), with the lamp burner attached. Four prongs hold the glass chimney, which acts to prevent the flame from being blown out and enhances a thermally induced draft. The glass chimney needs a "throat," or slight constriction, to create the proper draft for complete combustion of the fuel; the draft carries more air (oxygen) past the flame, helping to produce a smokeless light which is brighter than that produced by an open flame. The lamp burner has a flat wick, usually made of cotton. The lower part of the wick dips into the fount and absorbs the kerosene; the top part of the wick extends out of the wick tube of the lamp burner, which includes a wick-adjustment mechanism. Adjusting how much of the wick extends above the wick tube controls the flame. The wick tube surrounds the wick, and ensures that the correct amount of air reaches the lamp burner. Adjustment is usually done by means of a small knob operating a toothed, metal sprocket bearing against the wick. A paraffin lamp with a green metal base to hold fuel with a side screw to adjust wick length. An opaque white glass shield sits in a metal frame attached to base* moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, pioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, lights, lamps, paraffin, oil lamps

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The side screws adjust the length of the wick and hence the strength of the flame / light produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided light in households after sunset.Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps provided light after sunset for the early settlers, as they established their farms and businesses, in Moorabbin Shire.A Victorian kerosene banquet lamp, with a gilded metal quad footed base, cranberry glass oil reservoir with geometric patterns, original etched, yellow, glass globe shade and clear glass chimney. There are 2 side screws for adjusting the flame.early settlers. pioneers, follett w, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, ormond, market gardeners, kerosene, paraffin, lights, lamps, candles

The kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may used for portable lighting. There are three types of kerosene lamp: traditional flat wick, central draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. The side screws adjust the length of the wick and hence the strength of the flame/light produced. Prior to the introduction of gas and electricity these lamps were used for lighting in all households after sunsetPioneers and early settlers relied on kerosene lamps for lighting their homes after sunset.A 19th Century kerosene chamber lamp, with clear, plain glass shade and reservoir, circular metal base and 1 side screw for adjusting the flameearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, bentleigh, ormond, cheltenham, candles, lights, lamps, kerosene, paraffin, oil

140 Loose pages titled The Bendigo Saleyards Economic Viability Study. Report written by Kate Millard on behalf of the Bendigo Development Committee Inc. Contents include: Chapter 1 - Background Information, Chapter 1 - Present Operations at the Saleyards, Chapter 3 - Economic Factors, Chapter 4 - Environmental Factors, Chapter 5 - Selling Techniques, Chapter 6 - Employment Study, Management and Sundry Issues, Chapter 7 - Survey of Farmers and Saleyard Users in the 'Catchment Area', and Chapter 8 - Recommendations of the Report. Includes diagrams and maps. Recommendations printed on dark yellow paper.bendigo, council, cattle markets, bendigo saleyards collection - the bendigo saleyards economic viability study, bendigo development committee inc., kate millard, loddon campaspe planning authority, street, ryan and associates, bendigo city council, strathfieldsaye shire council, department of industry technology & resources, national library of australia, meldrum burows & partners, core wilson sayer, town planning appeals panel, ces, victorian farmers and graziers association, stock agents association, department of agriculture, department of industry technology & resources, department of conservation forests and land, cr jock comini, rca depot, wellsford rifle range, bendigo airport, bendigo field naturalists club, mr david kennedy, mr john brumby, mr john radford, neil o'keefe, bendigo east progress association, bendigo east traders, trades hall council, mr tom uren, mr frank wilkes, mr bruce reid, mr k i m wright, mr e t ebery, bendigo pastoral council of the vfga, victorian meatworks association, bendigo stock & station agents association, rutlands transport, mr don pickles, country abattoirs & wholesalers association association of victoria, meat and allied trade federation of australia, bendigo saleyards advisory committee, bendigo residents & ratepayers association, a h & n graham, mrs p unmack australian bureau of statistics, mr lloyd houlden, cr c rodda, mr jolly, mr tony milanese, dr robert carter, university of melbourne, bendigo college of tafe, t matthews, a s & r d rutland, john kerr, j talbot, g l o'sullivan, penney & lang pty ltd, graeme pickering, pickhall j w & sons, r a plant, w k schmidt, t j vick, k & j wignall, a e wright, g chapman, a j gillies, p g & m m harris, ian r hollingsworth, b kennedy, s letcher, s & d k letcher, p m llewellyn, l g mason, boyer r t, connally m f, kennedy & mortlock, nevins j p, r w johnstone, w j keith, b d kelly, notman r, pitts a j & c a, pitts mervyn l & co, rowe w o, warren k m, associated stock & station agents, dalgety farmers ltd, elders dsm estates, ellis nuttall & co, gallagher g d, hamilton real estate, mcgregor ralph h & co, mckean w & co, miller turner livestock co, vains e m & co, victorian producers, hill m j & co, bennetts meats, comell bros, davis b & d, hardwick g f & v c, penney & lang p/l, tendercut meats, northern seed supply co, bendigo fertilizers, agri business pty ltd, agrilink consulting group pty ltd, acil aust pty ltd, mcgowan & associates, chapman w c, talbot e j, mcculloch w & sons pty ltd, k v equipment, commercial egg producers assoc co-op, monsanto aust ltd, balmer bryan r, barry i j, bath l, clarke b j, treacy k m, turner j m, bendigo mower serv pty ltd, everlast concrete tank tyltd, wicks bros, canvas goods, don mcarthur, bendigo communications, transcom, emdell pty ltd, epsom pharmaceutical supplies, sandhurst fencing pty ltd, arnolds gates & fencing, r furniss, carne neville, awa & unicla, ajm refrigeration, bendigo concrete sawing service, hamilton r j, hearpes t w, j e brown, campey dr a r, fyffe j j, kangaroo flat vet clinic, ottrey k e, bendigo sprinkler installations, milnes irrigation, onga pumpshop, barastoc products, bush's produce stores, epsom produce, k m m pty ltd, bendigo grain co, eaglehawk chaff mills, grain elevators board dept, bonneys pest control, knights pest control, brown wk & l d, bendigo sewerage authority, bendigo water board, aci computer services, leham donald, a e hueffer & associates, wolmoke planners, p langley, mr ken strachan, mr evan jones, mr peter byrnes, mr wayne street, street ryan & associates

One of the most common centre draft kerosene lamps one can find in the USA and Canada is the Rayo. Large and sturdy, simple to use, but also notorious for being a fuel hog. This lamp was made by Bradley and Hubbard Metalworks in Chicago also Bradley and Hubbard made the “Perfection” brand lamps that look like the Rayo and are pretty much the same lamp with all parts interchangeable. The Rayo was given away to customers for free as a promotional item by the Standard Oil Company. The lamp’s huge appetite for fuel meant a hefty increase in sales of kerosene for the company and increased profits. The Rayo is a classic centre draft lamp that uses a widely available tubular wick that measures 62mm flat. It employs a simple and reliable mechanism for securing wicks in the burner along with a brass tube with many small teeth at its end. The tube is attached to the toothed rack that’s moved up and down by the adjuster knob. This type of lamp was used in most households and on rural properties before the introduction of electricity and is an early example of a promotional. The lamp was given away to customers of Kerosene oil as a means of increasing the Standard Oil Company sales of Kerosene during the late19th to early 20th century.Kerosene Lamp, side lifting arm to light.Inscribed "Rayo" and "Made in the USA"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, kerosene lamp, lighting, hurricane lamp, storm lamp, rayo ltd

This item appears to be a 20th-century lamp, modelled after an earlier version of a wall-mounted kerosene lamp. Authentic kerosene lamps were typically crafted from copper or brass, renowned for their durability and traditional aesthetic. In contrast, contemporary reproductions are often manufactured using alternative materials and processes, reflecting changes in production methods and cost considerations.The lamp is modelled after marine kerosene navigation lamps that were widely used throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. These lamps played a significant role in maritime history, providing essential lighting for navigation on vessels during this era. As a representation of this period’s maritime lighting technology, the lamp serves as an example of the type of equipment that would have been commonplace aboard ships of the time.Navigation lamp; Starboard side. Metal kerosene lamp with two flat sides and a curved front with a rippled, green glass window. The chimney on top has a catch and an opening lid. and the name "Starboard" is inscribed on a fixed brass plaque. The fuel tank and wick can be removed through the base. Engraved on plaque: “STARBOARD“flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, ship's lamp, kerosene lamp, navigation lamp, starboard lamp, ship's equipment, safety equipment

This item appears to be a 20th-century lamp, modelled after an earlier version of a wall-mounted kerosene lamp. Authentic kerosene lamps were typically crafted from copper or brass, renowned for their durability and traditional aesthetic. In contrast, contemporary reproductions are often manufactured using alternative materials and processes, reflecting changes in production methods and cost considerations.The lamp is modelled after marine kerosene navigation lamps that were widely used throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. These lamps played a significant role in maritime history, providing essential lighting for navigation on vessels during this era. As a representation of this period’s maritime lighting technology, the lamp serves as an example of the type of equipment that would have been commonplace aboard ships of the time. Marine lamp: navigation lamp, portside. Metal Kerosene lamp with two flat sides and a curved, rippled red glass front window. The name "port" is inscribed on a fixed brass plaque. A round chimney is on top of the lid opens with a catch. The fuel tank and wick can be removed through the base. The metal appears to be electroplated.Inscribed on the plaque; "PORT"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, ship's lamp, kerosene lamp, navigation lamp, ship's equipment, safety equipment, port lamp

One of the most common centre draft kerosene lamps one can find in the USA and Canada is the Rayo. Large and sturdy, simple to use, but also notorious for being a fuel hog. This lamp was made by Bradley and Hubbard Metalworks in Chicago also Bradley and Hubbard made the “Perfection” brand lamps that look like the Rayo and are pretty much the same lamp with all parts interchangeable. The Rayo was given away to customers for free as a promotional item by the Standard Oil Company. The lamp’s huge appetite for fuel meant a hefty increase in sales of kerosene for the company and increased profits. The Rayo is a classic centre draft lamp that uses a widely available tubular wick that measures 62mm flat. It employs a simple and reliable mechanism for securing wicks in the burner along with a brass tube with many small teeth at its end. The tube is attached to the toothed rack that’s moved up and down by the adjuster knob.This type of lamp was used in most households and on rural properties before the introduction of electricity and is an early example of a promotional. The lamp was given away to customers of Kerosene oil as a means of increasing the Standard Oil Company sales of Kerosene during the late19th to early 20th century.Lamp of metal without shade. Mantle burner, plated light metal base. Ornate shade holder. Broken glass.Marked "Rayo Junior"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, lamp, mantle lamp, metal lamp, lighting, oil lamp, bradley & hubbard

The kerosene lamp was one of the most common oil lamps used and was manufactured until the 1980s. An anchor lamp like the lamps in this pair would be raised on the highest ship mast at night to signal other seafarers that the ship was at anchor or sailing at night. The metal loops on opposing sides of the lamp could hold a pair of rods or ropes. and be used to raise the lamp.The lamp is made to the design of a 19th and early 20th-century kerosene anchor lamp carried as essential marine equipment and used as a signal lamp on sailing ships. Lamps; a pair of cylindrical kerosene anchor lamps. Each has a flat back, a hinged door, a metal handle and two metal loops or guides fixed on each side. The glass window is convex and inside the lamp is a wick in an enamel wick holder.brass lamp, lamp, anchor kerosene lamp, kerosene lamp, marine equipment, marine lamp, navigation, light, ship light, ship lamp, lantern, maritime, nautical, safety lamp

One of the most common centre draft kerosene lamps one can find in the USA and Canada is the Rayo. Large and sturdy, simple to use, but also notorious for being a fuel hog. This lamp was made by Bradley and Hubbard Metalworks in Chicago also Bradley and Hubbard made the “Perfection” brand lamps that look like the Rayo and are pretty much the same lamp with all parts interchangeable. The Rayo was given away to customers for free as a promotional item by the Standard Oil Company. The lamp’s huge appetite for fuel meant a hefty increase in sales of kerosene for the company and increased profits. The Rayo is a classic centre draft lamp that uses a widely available tubular wick that measures 62mm flat. It employs a simple and reliable mechanism for securing wicks in the burner along with a brass tube with many small teeth at its end. The tube is attached to the toothed rack that’s moved up and down by the adjuster knob. This type of lamp was used in most households and on rural properties before the introduction of electricity and is an early example of a promotional. The lamp was given away to customers of Kerosene oil as a means of increasing the Standard Oil Company sales of Kerosene during the late19th to early 20th century.Kerosene Lamp, side lifting arm to light.Inscribed "Rayo" and "Made in the USA"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, kerosene lamp, lighting, hurricane lamp, storm lamp, rayo ltd

8469.1 - Tall truncated cone with a small flat hinged disc lid, bent wire handle and long tapering spout with cotton wick present.

8467.1 - Small tallow lamp, truncated cone with bent wire handle, simple flat disk lid and long near cylindrical spout. It appears to still retain cotton wick in the end of its spout.

The slush lamp is thought to have been used for examining and oiling train engines.The slush lamp has local significance as it was donated by a resident of Wodonga. It also has historic significance as an example of an object made by upcycling in the c. late 19th century and early 20th century.The slush lamp consistis of a rectangular grey metal body with soldered edges with a flat handle at one end, a fibrous textile wick protruding from a long spout at the other end, and a cork inserted in the opening on the top surface to secure the fuel used. Slush lamps are defined as "improvised lights made from a container of fat and a wick", originating in the mid-19th century. slush lamp, slush lamps, improvised lamps

These tea warmers were used to keep the teapot warm when it was filled with tea, hence the name. This one was owned and used by Mrs M Larer, New Gisborne "Elderslie" in the 1920's.A silver plated round single burner tea warmer with a removable top grid with five support arms. It has a retractable metal 'wick' operated by turning a small round flat knob attached to the side. This knob is joined to the 'wick' with a long silver rod on the outside of the mechanism so the operator does not burn their fingers. The reservoir has two curved small handles on the side and an ornate filigree style pattern at the top rim. Inside the 'wick' section there is also a small knob with a tiny hole in the top to turn which releases pressure in the reservoir. stamped on the base is 'EPNS A1 London'containers, teapots, teapot warmers, tea accessories, pots