This photo of the first train from Ararat to the Portland Freezing Works in 1895 is a visual record of transport and industry in the early industrialisation of the region.Black and white photograph mounted on cardboard, featuring a steam engine with nine carriages and five men. The train has stopped in a siding surrounded by forest. The photo has text written along the right side of the image and repeated across the face of the photograph. Further information is written on the rear.Front: "First Train / Portland Freezing Works / from Ararat." "FIRST / TRAIN / OF / FROZEN / MEAT / RUN BY / ARARAT / LOCO / MEN / SIDING / AT / PORTLAND / FACTORY / 1895" Rear: "1st train ["loading" is struck out] / 1st train of frozen meat / run by Ararat Loco men / Siding at Portland Factory / 1895".locomotive, train, portland, ararat, portland-freezing-works, railway-siding, 1895

A spokeshave was made with a wooden (usually beech wood) body and metal cutting blade. With industrialisation metal bodies displaced wood in mass-produced tools. The name 'spokeshave' reflects the early use of the tool by wheelwrights.Used by carpenters and/or cabinet makers and/or wheelwrights in the Kiewa Valley in the 1800s and 1900s. The tool consists of a blade fixed into the body of the tool, which has a handle for each hand. It is a shaping and smoothing tool eg. curves and rounding and used after cutting with chisels or saws. Ref. Pg 28 Tools for all Trades Cataloguewoodworking tool, spokeshave tool

This stencil was used as a location stamp for the transportation of wool bales. Dudley is a large industrialised market town and administrative centre in England. Wool bales marked DUDLEY would have been transported to Dudley by sea.Wool bale export stencil - DUDLEYDUDLEYwool sales, wool transportation, wool export

Henry Beater Christian (1886-1962) , was a descendant of one of the earliest settler families in Kew. Employed at the Kew Asylum as a 'public servant', he was a skilled amateur photographer, photographing numerous scenes in Kew and on his travels around Victoria. The majority of his photographs date from 1916 to 1929. His finest photographs are housed in two photograph albums. Digital copy of a photograph from page 7 of the 47-page photograph album containing 261 gelatinous silver images, loaned by Diane Washfold with permission given to digitise and hold a copy in our collection. This photograph was taken during a flood year when the Yarra encroached on the grounds of the Abbotsford Convent. In the distance, the Johnston Street Bridge separates the viewer from the industrialised landscape of Fairfield."Studley Park / Kew"henry beater christian (1886-1962), landscape photography, kew (vic.) — yarra river, christian-washfold collection, photograph albums, fairfield, kew, johnston street bridge, studley park

A soft cover publication of 590 pages. The cover features several photos of people and places in Sunshine, The background of these cover photos is coloured in yellow and orange. The book includes photos and photo stories as well as extracts from newspapers, government archives and census records to document key developments and stories of hardships and achievements during a critical period of industrialisation and postwar migration to Australia. It includes bibliographical references and an index.non-fictionThis publication by the Sunshine & District Historical Society builds on an earlier publication "Harvester Town: The Making of Sunshine 1890-1925". It focuses on the post-war migration years when thousands of young immigrants settled in the new City of Sunshine, bought land, built homes, had families and worked in the area's important industries. It uses a range of primary resources including photos, photo stories, interviews and other documents to explain the challenges, achievements and issues faced in the development of "Multicultural Sunshine"multiculturalism australia, , sunshine victoria, postwar migration

This photograph comes from the Dowell collection. Related to P000202. At the turn of the 20th century, the railway line carried produce from southern New South Wales and the Riverina to Melbourne. Goods trains were a very important mode to transport to our region and industrialisation of Echuca. Photograph of the Murray bridge at Echuca at low river with a goods train crossing the bridge. Image is seen from bank facing north from Echuca.Recto :"MURRAY BRIDGE Echuca"; Verso: "C.1910" "Low river"dowell collection, murray river bridge , echuca, murray bridge, echuca, steam engine goods train, railway, transportation, industrialisation

Henry Beater Christian (1886-1962) , was a descendant of one of the earliest settler families in Kew. Employed at the Kew Asylum as a 'public servant', he was a skilled amateur photographer, photographing numerous scenes in Kew and on his travels around Victoria. The majority of his photographs date from 1916 to 1929. His finest photographs are housed in two photograph albums. Digital copy of a photograph from page 7 of the 47-page photograph album containing 261 gelatinous silver images, loaned by Diane Washfold with permission given to digitise and hold a copy in our collection. This photograph was taken during a flood year, perhaps 1923, when the Yarra encroached on the grounds of the Abbotsford Convent. In the distance, the Johnston Street Bridge separates the viewer from the industrialised landscape of Fairfield. In developing the photo, Henry Christian employed a circular frame to artistically focus the view. He empkloyed this technique for what he may have viewed as his best photographs. "Studley Park / Kew"henry beater christian (1886-1962), landscape photography, kew (vic.) — yarra river, christian-washfold collection, photograph albums, fairfield, kew, johnston street bridge, studley park

Over time, apron design and function diversified, and many trades and professions developed their own versions. Aprons were practical for protecting the wearer’s clothing as well as signifying their trade or craft. Wool dyeing was an industrialised profession to aid in the mass production of synthetic dyed clothing. This dyer’s apron would have protected the wearer from the chemicals of the dyer’s trade. There are several ways that fabrics would have been dyed including direct application, exhaust methods, continuous methods and waterless dyeing methods. As seen folded in archive box.dying, wool, apron, wool dying

In the foreword the Chairman and General Manager, W.H. Connolly, wrote: "Australia's progress since the Second World War has been remarkable - and nowhere more so than in Victoria. Although the smallest pf the mainland States, Victoria is today the most highly industrialised, the second most populous and the most rapidly developing State in the Commonwealth. Many factors have contributed to this growth, bu the one of greatest importance is the vast wealth of easily extractable brown coal in the Latrobe Valley which is the source of Victoria's electricity and a major part of its solid fuel. ... "White and green soft covered book of 34 pages with black & white and coloured illustrations. The book includes starts with an historical section, and includes information the open cut, Yallourn Power Station, Yallourn Briquette Works, the town, Morwell Open Cut, and includes a map of the Latrobe Valley Brown Coal resources.yallourn, connolly, open cut, power station, kernot, coal, briquette, lyle, monash, yallourn open cut, yallourn power station, yallourn briquette works, morwell open cut, hazelwood, brown coal, gippsland, horses, turning sod

James Reid was born in Scotland near Glasgow and came to Victoria as a young man in 1854. Shortly after arriving he came to Bacchus Marsh where he lived until his death in 1902 at the age of 74 years. For most of these years he conducted a wheelwrights and coach builders business in Bacchus Marsh. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, wheelwrights and blacksmiths played an essential role in the functioning of the whole community. Before the industrialisation of manufacturing, wheels and other components of vehicles for transport, all metal objects, including farm implements, building requirements and domestic utensils were made by hand. As mechanisation of industry increased, the smith commonly performed the role of farrier in the times when horse power was pivotal to all aspects of society. Small sepia unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the album, 'Photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by Stevenson and McNicoll' The photo shows a plain brick house with a central front door with a window on either side. There are a further two windows along the side of the house. On the left-hand side of the building there is a smaller room with its own entry door. The main roof is tiled with shingles or slate and features two substantial chimneys. At the front of the house stands a young woman with her hands clasped. A horse can be seen at the rear of the house. From the photo of the James Reid Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop, Victorian Collections No.VC 618, we know that this house stood to the rear of the workshop. The wheel tracks which can be seen lead out to Main Street. On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE houses bacchus marsh, stevenson and mcnicoll 1883 photographs of bacchus marsh and district, james reid 1828?-1902, wheelrights bacchus marsh

James Reid was born in Scotland near Glasgow and came to Victoria as a young man in 1854. Shortly after arriving he came to Bacchus Marsh where he lived until his death in 1902 at the age of 74 years. For most of these years he conducted a wheelwrights and coach builders business in Bacchus Marsh. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, wheelwrights and blacksmiths played an essential role in the functioning of the whole community. Before the industrialisation of manufacturing, wheels and other components of vehicles for transport, all metal objects, including farm implements, building requirements and domestic utensils were made by hand. As mechanisation of industry increased, the smith commonly performed the role of farrier in the times when horse power was pivotal to all aspects of society. Complementing this work, the forge was often allied with a wheelwright's shop. These premises also acted as a meeting place for the men of the town, where news was shared and friendships forged.Small sepia 'carte de viste' style unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the album, 'Photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by Stevenson and McNicoll'. An image depicting a wheelwright and blacksmith's shop, with a group of men, boys and a woman shown in front. Two men are wearing the work clothes of the blacksmith, including the split leather apron worn by farriers to enable them to work on the hooves of the horses needing shoeing. Two young boys are standing by the door. A portly gentleman in formal clothes stands before the shop. The house shown at the rear was James Reid's residence. Two people, an elderly gentleman and a younger woman, are seated in a jinker on the road to the side of the shop. A collection of wheels and farm tools leans on the walls. A triple-tiered sign above the shop reads: JAMES REID WHEELWRIGHT BLACKSMITH. TIMBER - YARD PAINTS, OILS & GLASS.Printed On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE.wheelwrights, james reid 1828?-1902, stevenson and mcnicoll 1883 photographs of bacchus marsh and district

This image is one of a series of photographs taken by Melbourne based photographers Stevenson and McNicoll who visited Bacchus Marsh and its nearby districts between September and November 1883. William Marshall opened his new premises in Main Street in June 1869. In the following November he opened a wheelwright shop adjacent to his smithy. Mr T. Carlton was the wheelwright. The Marshall Blacksmith building was located next to the ANA Hall in Main Street. It was demolished in 1910 to make way for a new building known as the Chambers Building. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the blacksmith played an essential role in the functioning of the whole community. Before the industrialisation of manufacturing, all metal objects, including farm implements, building requirements and domestic utensils were made by hand. As mechanisation of industry increased, the smith commonly performed the role of farrier in the times when horse power was pivotal to all aspects of society. Complementing this work, the forge was often allied with a wheelwright's shop. These premises also acted as a meeting place for the men of the town, where news was shared and friendships forged. Small sepia 'carte de viste' style unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the album, 'Photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by Stevenson and McNicoll'. William Marshall opened his new premises in June 1869, and in the following November opened a wheelwright shop adjacent to his smithy. Mr T. Carlton was the wheelwright. The photograph shows a brick building with two gables and two large doors, indicating that a second workshop has been added to the original building. Parts of a picket fence and two cartwheels lean against the wall. Three men stand at the front, two wearing the distinctive farrier’s apron slit between the knees. The third man is wearing more formal clothing. Two of the men hold the reins of two horses. A picket fence runs along the front of a spare block at the side of the building. The deep gutter is straddled by two crossing points. Printed On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE. blacksmiths, shops bacchus marsh vic., william marshall 1839-1914

A steam boiler like this one, made in the late 18th century, is often called a colonial boiler. Steam boilers were used in factories throughout Australia, mounted over similar designs of brick furnaces. This boiler is a fire tube type, in which the heat from the fire travels through the tubes and water circulates around them. Another kind of boiler is a water tube boiler, in which the water is inside the tubes and the heat of the combustion surrounds the tubes. The boiler in our collection burned wood as fuel but others of this design could also burn coal, coke, gas and liquid fuels. The boiler was made by T & F Johnson, boilermakers. In 1922 their factory was located at Coventry Street, South Melbourne. They were still advertising their 'Colonial, multi, vertical boilers, all sizes' at the same address in 1934. The connected pressure gauge, made in London by Dewrance, measures 0 to 400 pounds per square inch. John Dewrance is renowned as a pioneer of the steam locomotive in the early 19th century. He founded John Dewrance & Co. in South London in 1844. His son Sir John Dewrance took over in 1879. In 1939 the company became a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox, and was eventually owned by Emerson. How the boiler works: - A boiler is about two-thirds filled with water and heat is applied, in this case in the form of burning wood. The heat is transferred through the metal of the boiler to the water. When the water boils the steam rises to the top, and as it escapes from the boiler the steam pressure builds up in the steam space to later be released to do work; drive machinery such as ship and train engines, turbines, presses, wheels, and driving belts to operate looms and saws. The heat associated with the boiler can be used for preserving food, sterilising, factory manufacturing processes, and steaming wood for shipbuildin. Every boiler has several components fitted for safe operation: - - Safety valves - Gauge glass - Pressure gauge - Main steam stop valve - Water check valve - Blowdown valve - Manhole doorThe boiler is a significant item that gives us a snapshot of early Melbourne's industrial history. It is an example of the technological advancement during the Industrial Revolution where steam-driven machinery and motors could perform tasks more efficiently than manual labour. The makers were one of many boilermaker businesses in Melbourne during the early late-19th andearly 20th centuries. The maritime trade and skills of boilermaking are still learned and applied today. The Dewrance steam pressure gauge connected to the boiler was made by the London firms foundered by John Dewrance. He was renowned for developing the steam locomotive in the early 19th century.Boiler; a horizontal cylindrical underfired steam boiler. It is a multi-tubular design and is timber plank-clad, with brass fittings and pressure gauges. The boiler has an iron door at one end with a metal chimney above it. It is installed over a brick-enclosed solid fuel furnace. Two large, wood-mounted pressure gauges are connected to the boiler and have inscriptions. An inscription is on a red, cast iron plaque above the boiler door. The boiler's maker is T & F Johnson, South Melbourne. One of the pressure gauges was made by Dewrance, London..Maker's plate: "T & F JOHNSON / BOILERMAKERS / SOUTH MELBOURNE" Pressure gauge: "POUNDS PRESSURE / PER [square] INCH / DEWRANCE LONDON"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, boiler, multi tube boiler, steam boiler, steam technology, underfired boiler, horizontal boiler, timber clad boiler, steam power, industrialisation, boilermakers, south melbourne, dewrance, john dewrance, pressure gauge, dewrance pressure gauge, t & f johnson, london, steam engine, steam locomotive, pounds per square inch, 19th century, steam machine

The Bentwood chair has been called ‘the world’s most popular chair’. The original Bentwood chair, was designed by German-Austrian cabinet maker and Master Joiner, Michael Thonet (b.1796 - d.1871) and introduced to the market in 1859. Thonet started his business in his home town of Boppard as an independent cabinet maker in 1819. In the 1830’s he began trying to make furniture from glued (laminated) and bent wooden slats. Over the next few years his attempts to patent this process failed in Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. He then began using lightweight, strong wood and bending it into elegant, comfortable furniture. The Bentwood technology took Thonet years to perfect. In simple terms, the wooden rods or lengths were wet by soaking or steaming, bent into shape and then held in place until they hardened into the moulded curved shape or pattern. The wood usually chosen for the bentwood chairs was maple or beech. Thonet had revolutionised an older process by industrialising the process. The dowels of wood were cut and prepared as components of furniture, treated by the ‘bentwood’ process, then ready immediately for assembling with very little extra workmanship needed. Thonet held 2 patents for this process, the second one ended on 10th July 1869 and was non-renewable. At the Trade Fair at Koblenz of 1841 Prince Klemens Wenzel von Mettemich was very impressed with Thonet’s furniture, especially the chairs. In 1842 Thonet sold his Boppard business and emigrated to Vienna, and began working, along with his sons, on the interior decoration of the Palais Leichtenstein, for the Carl Leistler establishment. In 1849 he began his own business again, the Gebruder Thonet to include his sons (translated “Brothers Thonet”). He produced the “No. 1” Bentwood chair. He received a bronze medal for his Vienna bentwood chairs at the World Fair in London in 1851, and a silver medal in Paris in 1855. In 1856 he opened a new factory in Koritchan (Moravia), where there were extensive woods of beech trees available for his enterprise. In the next years, five more Eastern European production sites were established in Bystritz (1862), Nagy-Ugrócz (1866), Wsetin (1867), Hallenkau(1867) and Nowo-Radomsk(1880). Thonet’s 1859 No. 14 “chair of chairs” (or “Konsumstuhl Nr. 14” – coffee shop chair no. 14) was the most famous of all of Thonet’s Bentwood chairs. In 1867 he received a gold medal at the Paris World Fair. This new style of furniture making became very popular. Up until 1830 50 million of these chairs had been produced. By the 1870’s Thonet owned offices in almost 20 countries, with sales locations across Europe, in Chicago and New York. In 1889 he set Thonet set up a head office in Frankenberg, Hesse. Bentwood models designed in the mid to late 19th century featured hand-caned or laminated wood seats and were usually stamped with the country of origin. The Bentwood elements were the backrest, seat rim and legs. Typically the seat was covered with ‘bucket’ leather. After the Patent ran out in 1869, companies such as Jacob & Josef Kohn began the production of bentwood furniture.The popularity of the Bentwood chair that was introduced by Michael Thonet in the 1850s is due to its versatility and timeless quality. Its style, whether varnished or painted, suits any room in the house. The lightweight chairs are also popular for café and restaurant seating, as well as for public gatherings. They can be easily moved around and grouped in a variety of ways to suit any occasion.Chair, bentwood, pair of two. Backrest has full length inverted U inside frame. Support rail and wire reinforcing between legs. 3692.01 seat has floral pattern pressed into wood 3692.02 seat is plain (replacement seat). Made by Harnison & Co.3692.01 chair's marks; Label ""HARNISON & CO./ NEUSOL / BUDAPEST" and "WIENER NOBEL" and "(symbol) N inside circle, under Crown" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, domestic furniture, dining furniture, bentwood chair, harnison & co., neusol, budapest, wiener nobel

Index, p.355.non-fictionTerence Brown traces the development of modern Ireland through a juxtaposition of key topics - nationalism, industrialisation, religion, language revival and censorship with an assessment of the major literary and artistic advances achieved during the same era.ireland - social life and customs, ireland - politics and government

A small booklet of 18 pages printed in black and white, including photos and promotional material about Wodonga and District.This publication was produced to promote the benefits of Wodonga for lifestyle and decentralised industry. In 1973 the Commonwealth, New South Wales and Victorian Governments agreed to the Albury-Wodonga Development Scheme, for a decentralised growth area. Before then the Wodonga Development Committee and the Shire Council promoted the town’s industrialisation. This booklet was published to encourage new investment in the Wodonga area prior to the convening of the Albury-Wodonga Development Scheme.wodonga promotions, albury wodonga, wodonga development committee

Part of broad aerial photographic survey of the area. Aerial photograph Highett - Highett Reserve, Sandpits, Gasworks, Nepean Highway, Chesterville Road, Wickham Road.The photograph shows the development of the city of Highett, suburban expansion and industrialisationsquare black and white photographic print on paper, with thick black border; printed text on bottom indicating date and other reference codeshighett, city of moorabbin, aerial photograph, suburbs, highett gas works, recreation, infrastructure