Education in the Kiewa Valley began with small schools in many locations enabling the children from the farms to attend their nearby school. As the number of children decreased and transport improved the schools were consolidated into fewer schools located in a centralised position.The history of each school gives an insight into the surrounding population - their numbers, occupations and lifestyle as well as their involvement in the running of the schools eg. Mothers' Clubs etc.8 groups of foolscap size papers stapled or pinned together each with the heading 'School History'. The first 4 are the same - "Mt Beauty School'. There is one for 'Mt Beauty High School', One for 'Mullindoligong School', One for 'Tawonga School'.One for 'Tawonga South School'.kiewa valley education, schools in the kiewa valley

Kiewa Valley Consolidated School was established in 1953 combining Dederang North, Kergunyah, Gundowring, Kiewa, Gundowring Upper, Red Bluff, Charleroi and Gundowing North schools on a 10 acre site with 11 rooms at Kiewa.The above schools are in the Kiewa Valley. The date and number of combined schools give insight into the change in population and families in the Kiewa Valley before and after 1953.Five A4 photocopied pages of a yellow and black booklet including the first 9 pages.kiewa valley consolidated school; dederang; kiewa valley; education

Dederang State School commenced in 1877 for the families and children of the district. It continues educating local children today.Dederang is part of the Upper Kiewa Valley. The history of the school is an indicator of the history of the area giving information on the number of families, their relationships, the size of families and the occupations of the parents over the years.A photocopy of the original booklet 'Centenary of Dederang State School 1772 (1877 - 1977). The cover has green print sith a sepia color sketch of the school. There are 31 pages clipped together.dederang state school; upper kiewa valley; education

The Tawonga Primary School was a weatherboard building built on 8 acres. In 1900 a fire destroyed the building and its records. The school was then moved to the Old Tawonga Hall before a new one was built in 1910 on land donated by Frank Cooper. In 1937 and 1954 further buildings were added. Tobacco farming and the building of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme increased the number of pupils during the 1950s and 1960s. This glass represents the celebration held when the school became 100 years old.Tawonga Primary School was established for the children of the farmers of the Kiewa Valley in 1880 and later for children of the tobacco farmers and workers on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. The history of the school reflects the activities of the people living in the valley and in particular Tawonga township.Clear glass with gold metal brim and embossed in gold on two sides. Base is solid tapering up to the glass sides.On one side: Gold embossed picture of school building On opposite side: Gold embossed 2 circles - Inside inner one: 1880 - 1980. Between this and outer circle - Tawonga Primary School No 2282. Underneath both circles gold embossed: Centenarytawonga primary school, kiewa valley, education

The Tawonga branch of the C.W.A. commenced on the 7th Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve health, welfare and education for women and children in the country.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and, in 1946, when the branch commenced would have been feeling more remote with WW11 having had an effect of available workers and the well being of the women and children. This tea towel would have been used at a later date possibly for fund raising as the group continued to meet and work together.This large blue green, yellow, brown and black with a white border, linen, tea towel has the CWA logo in the middle with pictures of handcrafted items surrounding it. Along the bottom is printed: "Handicrafts / of the / Country Women's Association of Victoria."Handicrafts / of the / Country Women's Association of Victoria - along the bottom Pure Irish Linen - bottom left Dummay - bottom righttea towel, cwa, tawonga, kitchen, linen

During the 1940's students learnt typing as part of a Commercial Course. This book enabled students to complete a practical course by following the graded Exercises and Lessons and by testing their progress. Historical: Typing was taught at Intermediate level during the 1940's for students living in the Kiewa Valley. Green hard cover book bound at the top with black border, title, author & symbol of Pitman's on the front. Towards the bottom of the book (front and back) is an eyelet with a hole enabling a brown cord to pass through (held by a metal T stopper). This enables the book to be stood up next to the typewriter for easy to see copying. The back cover of the book has 3 white stickers with typed information. On the back cover -typed - 'Janice Burnett (nee Seager)... Also "1946 George Seager (Ted) was in Intermediate Commercial "A" ... Some pages have penciled markingstyping. commercial education. janice burnett. george seager. office work

The Yackandandah and District Historical Society decided to write up a history of the school which had begun as a Church of England School from 1855 to 1872 before the commencement of the current primary school. The early history of the school is relevant to the Kiewa Valley as it was the closest school at the time.and existed before "Education is to be secular, compulsory until the age of 15, free in basic subjects" The Roper family pages 22, 29, 30 Small booklet with 39 pages held by two staples. The cardboard cover is light green with the dates in dark green and the title and authors in red. No pictures. No contents or index.'C. Roper' written in blue ink on the front cover.yackandandah school, education

Banners were often used for school functions eg. Sports Days to mark an area for children to gather/ meet. Or to identify a group during an event eg. a parade. The Tawonga School was opened in 1880. See KVHS 04882Tawonga School is in the Kiewa Valley. It is small rural school serving the farming and tourist town of Tawonga in Victoria's north east.Large white banner with ST (overlapping) in red and a red fringe on the bottom edged forming a V. The back is red. There is nothing to assist it being hung up.tawonga school banner, education, school sports

An educational tool for the study of the human body. Prior to digital pictures - wall charts were used.Used as a teaching aid in the Kiewa Valley before digitisation15 sheets held together by red very thick cardboard with string for hanging attached. For educating people on the human body by displaying on the wall.first aid, education, anatomy, wall charts, health

Resusci Anne was used for teaching both emergency workers and members of the general public. Developed by Asmund S. Laerdal, Peter Safar, and James Elam and produced by the company Laerdal Medical.The first version of rescue Annie was presented by Laerdal in 1960. Later the design was refined and included a simulated carotid pulse, eye pupils that could dilate and constrict and a system for recording the trainee's resuscitation performance on a paper tape. Ref. WikipediaUsed in the Kiewa Valley by Educators of First Aid and emergency workersSee KVHS 0542 for Resusci-Anne Repair Kit Doll type model with face, arms and legs folded into a 1950s carrying case. The model has blue clothing. Enclosed are the instructions for packing the model and papers for treatment of an unconscious patient.resusci anne, first aid, emergency education

CWA of Victoria was a popular widely known organisation throughout Australia. The CWA aimed to improve health welfare, and education for women and children living in the country.Each town / area in the Kiewa Valley had an active CWA. The Tawonga branch commenced in Feb. 1946 and often combined activities with other branches of the Kiewa Valley.Country Women's Association of Victoria Group Map, June 1961. each area is colored ad each wit a letter of the alphabet. each group has a number and is listed. eg. blue, 'N' and "Tawonga 14' country women's association, map of cwa groups, tawonga cwa

Students from Mt Beauty Secondary College produced this set of 3 DVDs re the development of AGL's Bogong Power Development 2007-2009. This was an addition to the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme built by the SECV in the 1950s. The information covers many aspects of the Development which is of interest as well as being educational for the students. The request re the SECV Adit Shaft was to assist with the information board beside the shaft on the Gorges Walk on the West Kiewa River. DVDs were a digital means of passing on information to an audience and enabled multiple copies to be made. The Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme is in the Kiewa Valley producing clean energy for Victoria. The Bogong Power Development increased the production of electricity in line with more clean energy and gave locals employment and students an insight into its construction and issues. The technical aspect of using DVDs to present this knowledge was also part of the education for the local students. x3 DVDs with hard clear plastic box cover. The cover has a photo on the front with the title typed above it and production details below along with the AGL logo and its Mt Beauty logo.On the back the details (title and content) for each of the 3 DVDs is given. DVD Stories: 1, 2, 4, 7 & 8 and DVD "AGL Photos West Kiewa - In response to letter re photos of Adit Shaft. July 2013"bogong power development project, mt beauty secondary college 2007-2009, agl

Kancoona School is at Kancoona/Running Creek which runs off the Kiewa Valley Highway. In the 1960s small communities had their own school.The students and families were part of the Kiewa Valley. Social history of small schools and education.Photos of 1. Kancoona Primary School (School Number 3576) students in 1967 2. Names of 1967 students in photo and Teacher Alan Crilly 1963-1967 3. Kancoona P.S. 4. House in Mt BeautyStudent photo has names of students written on the back and school photo has dates for head teacher.1960skancoona, running creek, kancoona primary school

Tawonga School No. 2282 was opened on 27th July 1880. From 1881 to 1894 the school was worked half time with School No. 2551 Mullindolingong School.Tawonga State school educated the children who lived in the Kiewa Valley. The clothing worn by the students indicates the period that the photo was taken and compares with current school uniforms / clothing.Black and white photo of 26 pupils and 3 teachers standing outside the school. The children are dressed in warm clothes some with hats, some girls with white collars on their dresses, the boys with long shorts and 2 children at the front are bare footed. This photo is published on pages 105 and 108 of 'A History of the Kiewa Valley' by Esther Temple and David Lloyd On the back in ink "Tawonga Schooltawonga school, education, mullindolingong school

Record of Tawonga Public School 1980 Centenary Celebrations. State School: 2282. Ref. Vision and Realisation Volume 3 Page 972 Education at Tawonga in the Kiewa Valley since 1880Folder including coloured photos, newspaper articles, correspondence, program. The folder cover is tornTitle: Tawonga School Centenary 1980tawonga primary school, school centenary

The Tawonga branch of the Country Women's Association commenced on the 7th February 1946 and often combined activities with the other branches in the Kiewa Valley. The C.W.A. aimed to improve the health, welfare and education for women and children in the country.Women living in Tawonga were mostly on farms and in 1946, when the branch commenced, would have been feeling more remote with WWII having had an effect on available workers and the well being of the women and children.Black and white case with reinforced corners on the lid an container, metal handle and metal clip fasteners. A hard case of reinforced cardboard. Includes: C,W.A. magazines from the hears 2000 onwards. Recipe book 1978, badges, Inside the lid "Tawonga CWA Secretary's Case"country women's association, tawonga cwa

Mt Beauty and Tawonga South are in the Kiewa Valley Mt Beauty and Tawonga are in the Kiewa Valley. Many of these photos record people who lived in these towns and their activities.Collection of black and white photos of Mt Beauty and Tawonga. Most are labelled (and some include names but no dates) in pencil on the back.Varying sizes. 1. Marketing Falls Creek 2. Driver Education Car Presentation- Mt Beauty Secondary College 3. Start of Mt Beauty Marathon 4. Mount Beauty Paramedical Day Care Centre 5. Falls Creek - Original Halley's Comet 6. Falls Creek - Original Snow-making on Twin Towers 7. Group of 10 girls 8. Mt Beauty Primary School - Tidy Towns Competition 9.Mt Beauty Primary School 10. Start of Mt Beauty Marathon 11. Lou Leiberman - Local Member 12. Bank Manager, Commonwealth Bank on left. 13. Driver Education Car - Mt Beauty Secondary College 14. Original Snow-making on Twin Towers at Falls Creek 15. Two girls 16. Mt Beauty - Home Improvement Centre 17. Tawonga District Hospital/Mt Beauty Hospital before the Nursing Home - removing pine trees 18. Water Board Installation at Tawonga South (outside Rookes house) 19. Dederang Catholic Church 20. Two men (names on back) 21. Tawonga Store 22. Mt Beauty - old butcher shop on right hand side 23.Tidy Towns Mt Beauty Labelled in pencil on the backmt beauty, tidy towns, driver education, marathon, falls creek

The Australian Health Society was formed in Melbourne in 1875 at the instigation of Unitarian Minister MarthaTurner. It promoted hygiene and comprised of doctors, prominent citizens and politicians. It targeted poorer districts and women. Schools were pressured to place health education on the curriculum. Society stalwarts made an annual examination in state schools. Mongan's Bridge No. 3403 opened in 1902. It was located beside the Kiewa river and operated part-time with nearby schools on occasions as well as full time. As numbers fluctuated it was also closed on occasions and then re-opened.Edward Maddison's family were farmers in the Kiewa Valley and the children attended the local school.Two certificates belonging to Edward Maddison 1. 1916 Pupil of State School No 3403 (Mongan's Bridge) - passed the Examination in Health and Temperance held by the Australian Health Society of Melbourne 2. 1916 Completed satisfactorily the Course of Study prescribed for Elementary Schools.- Mongan's Bridge Elementary School No. 3403edward maddison, australian health society, mongan's bridge school

Education in Mount Beauty began in the 1940s when the SECV constructed the town of Mount Beauty for their workers and staff. The educational facilities included a kindergarten, a primary / consolidated school and a secondary college. Mount Beauty education was highly valued by the residents of Mt Beauty and families in the Kiewa Valley. In the 1940s and 1950s it was very modern with new buildings and included the latest in teaching aids and technology. A Collection of Mount Beauty Primary School, Secondary College, Mt Beauty Kindergarten Newsletters Dates 1992 - 1997. Note: Photo includes hand made booklet with photos of children at schooleducation in mount beauty, mt beauty school newsletters

The Gould League is an independent not-for-profit organisation celebrating 100+ years of environmental and sustainability education. Formed in 1909 and set up to prevent bird egg collecting and to educate for the protection of Australian birds,School children in the Kiewa Valley belonged to the Gould League of Victoria and were educated in not only the conservation of but also the identification and habits of bird species in the area and beyond.9 soft coloured cover magazines of 31 pages held by 2 staples. Each includes coloured and black and white photos.australian birds, gould league of victoria, bird lovers

R. Wilson and A D Rose maths books were very popular and formed a basis of education maths classes in the 1950's in Victoria. This is what would have been used in Mt Beauty Secondary School at the time.This has historic significance as it shows what maths was taught in the early - mid 20th century. This book would have been used in the Kiewa Valley schools by a local identity Wilma Davies therefore has social significance and good interpretive capacity. This book is now out of print and is a collectible item. Black cover with strips on side of the front. Light brown centre with brown writing and squiggle pattern below.Publisher inscription - Wilson and Rossbook, school, text book, wilma davies, educational, maths

This book was produced by experienced teachers to meet the requirements of the revised course of study in arthmetic for elementary schools. Teachers were expected to use this book as an aid rather than merely as a series of exercises as a matter of routine. This book would have been used by children all over Victoria in year 7 or form 1 for maths classes. This book is social significance due to the names of local people that are in the book and shows that this would have been used in Kiewa Valley elementary schools in the mid 20th Century. This is the only one of this book in our collection and therefore has good interpretive capacity and is in fair condition. Red material cover with black writing on front and and spine. Faded at edges and spineHas the logo of the Education Department of Victoria on front cover. Has the names Nancy Tresidder on inside cover in pencil and Ann Louden Tawonga Vic Bright, on front page in pencil and pen. book, math, arithmetic, department-of-education-of- victoria

This is a form 1 or year 7 English book used for reading. This book would have been used in all schools over Victoria. It consists of assorted stories and poems. It has 242 pagesThis has social and historical significance as it shows what students of the Kiewa Valley in the 1940's were reading in form 1 or in todays year 7. It was donated by the Davies family from Tawonga, and therefore has good interpretive capacity as it is part of a set of readers for primary and high school students. It is also good for research as comparative tool to see what students learn now compaired to the 1940'sThe book has a red material cover with black writing on the front cover and spine. It has the logo on the Education Department of Victoria in black on front cover. Also has Second edition at bottom of front cover. Inside cover has the name G Davies Form 1abook, victorian, davies, education-department-of-victoria, reader, year-seven, form-one

This is a form 2 or year 8 English book used for reading. This book would have been used in all schools over Victoria. It consists of assorted stories and poems. It has 260 pagesThis has social and historical significance as it shows what students of the Kiewa Valley in the 1940's were reading in form 2 or in todays year 8. It was donated by the Davies family from Tawonga, and therefore has good interpretive capacity as it is part of a set of readers for primary and high school students. It is also good for research as a comparative tool to see what students learn now compaired to the 1940'sThe book as a light brown material cover with black writing in front cover and spine. There is a logo of the Victorian Education Department on the front cover. Also in writing "Second Edition" at bottom of front cover. The name G Davies Form 11a is on first inside page.book, school, english, secondary, department-of-education 1940

Pen was probably last used in one of the schools in the Kiewa Valley. The plastic shaft suggests this pen was at the time when fountain pens started to emerge. The dip pen was becoming outdated and too slow for a faster pace of written communicationsHistorically and socially this form of written communication was becoming too slow for a faster pace of commerce and life. Circa 1950s onwards the level of the written word increased by the proportion of literacy among the populous in the Kiewa Valley Plastic shaft black coloured pen with metal nib (non drip). Nib is removable, fastened to shaft by strategically placed slotseducation, writing, literacy, ink well, school writing implements, pen, nib

This item is a cheap Penny Whistle made in Thailand Circa 1955. The item was one of the first wave of imports from the growing Asian steel producers. This was an era where cheaper Asia based steel companies did not compete against the stronger, and well established Australian ones. This Penny Whistle was "roughly" made and possibly purchased by the Victorian Education Department for use in school bands and music classes. Schools within the Kiewa Valley would have used them to integrate students the fundamentals of reading music and playing basic musical scores. Later conversion from steel to plastics would have been more conducive to multiple users in a classroom environment (more hygienic and rust proof.This item shows how the "cheaper" invasion of all types of manufactured goods from the Asian regions have altered the purchasing patterns of rural Australians(the more traditional consumer). The cost imbalance of purchasing from "The Mother Country (England)" or European supply versus the Asian manufacturers was due to not only the financial pressures post World War II but also in the elimination of Tariff restrictions placed on non favoured suppliers.This tin Penny Whistle is made from rolled tin(steel), cylindrical in shape, with a wooden Fipple plug at the mouth end and six note holes starting half way down the front side evenly spaced and ending 35mm from the bottom. This whistle is in the key of D"G steel & Co. D"music, wind instruments, whistle, celtic music

This VHS was produced by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, to show the pristine state of the Kiewa River and Valley post the completion of the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme (Circa 1950s), The late 1970s on wards was the beginning of deeper social scrutineering by pro environmental groups such as the Australian Wilderness Society (1976) and the Greens (political Party), before, during and after the construction phases of any man made structures in forest/bush areas which may or could damage or adversely affect the natural flora and fauna of sites. This promotional VHS, which was produced in the 1990s, was to project that unlike the Tasmanian State Electricity Commission (Franklin Dam issue), the Victorian State Electricity Commission acted in a way to protect the environment to the maximum level possible. With the passage of time since, and the issue of the global push to minimise carbon pollution, and as an alternative to coal fired power stations, the use of hydro electricity can now be seen as a highly efficient alternative to "coal powered" electricity. This VHS is a snap shot in time (1990) when the Kiewa Valley was still relatively under populated and holiday houses owned by city bound workers was still relatively insignificant. As more and more holiday makers retire to a small but friendly region(Kiewa Valley and Mount Beauty) the increase in visitor numbers will affect the local rural bush scene more and more. The changes that will occur (in time) can be measured against the scenes presented in this video. The additional resources provided by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria of "alpine bush" fire control and management, together with an ongoing educational scheme for school children in learning about what constitutes the Alpine country's unique environment, are a very important offshoot, benefitting to both the communities within the Kiewa Valley and regional Victoria.This VHS tape is stored within its own plastic cover which has a front side covered by a coloured photograph(both front and back cover) of the Kiewa River, just to the north east of the Mount Beauty township. The VHS tape is nestled within a formed inner structure which not only prevents the tape from moving to and fro but also unnecessary intrusion of foreign particles.Front cover "KIEWA" on the spine top circle with lines projecting out and below this "SEC". Middle of spine "KIEWA" and bottom of spine "VHS"secv, kiewa valley, dale-bromley, cy-duff, chris- harding, michael-glucz, forestation education, wilderness photography, nature film.

This DVD is a digital reproduction of a VHS produced by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, to show the pristine state of the Kiewa River and Valley post the completion of the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme (Circa 1950s), The late 1970s on wards was the beginning of deeper social scrutineering by pro environmental groups such as the Australian Wilderness Society (1976) and the Greens (political Party), before, during and after the construction phases of any man made structures in forest/bush areas which may or could damage or adversely affect the natural flora and fauna of sites. This promotional VHS, which was produced in the 1990s, was to project that unlike the Tasmanian State Electricity Commission (Franklin Dam issue), the Victorian State Electricity Commission acted in a way to protect the environment to the maximum level possible. With the passage of time since, and the issue of the global push to minimise carbon pollution, and as an alternative to coal fired power stations, the use of hydro electricity can now be seen as a highly efficient alternative to "coal powered" electricity. This item provids a snap shot in time (1990) when the Kiewa Valley was still relatively under populated and holiday houses owned by city bound workers was still relatively insignificant. As more and more holiday makers retire to a small but friendly region(Kiewa Valley and Mount Beauty) the increase in visitor numbers will affect the local rural bush scene more and more. The changes that will occur (in time) can be measured against the scenes presented in this video. The additional resources provided by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria to "alpine bush" fire control and management, together with an ongoing educational scheme for school children in learning about what constitutes the Alpine country's unique environment, are a very important offshoot, benefitting to both the communities within the Kiewa Valley and regional Victoria. The DVD is nestled within a formed inner structure (case), which not only prevents the disc from moving to and fro but also unnecessary intrusion of foreign particles.This DVD is a TDK data/video recordable single sided 4.7 GB disc.It is a 1-16x speed."KIEWA" on disc.secv, kiewa valley, dale-bromley, cy-duff, chris- harding, michael-glucz, forestation education, wilderness photography, nature film.

These educational publications covering a topical monthly theme and providing a slice "of the era" in general knowledge, was used by schools in Victoria as a basic starting point for a particular level of perceived knowledge. The general articles and extracts contained within, were not targeting a specific gender or socio economic sector but designed for all children at a particular stage of their development. This publication did have a format of: 1st page topical, e.g. ANZAC day scouting (U.N.), one page of regional Victoria, one page of poetry, one page of short stories, one page of world history and the last page of a song, complete with appropriate notes. These publications were produced during the second World War and made special references to it. This publication occurred during a period when the Education Department was highly authoritarian in its approach to State levels of learning. Fragmenting "special" schools like later "New Age" teaching methods and doctrines (home schooling) were repressed with considerable force.This binder full of monthly educational studies was particularly important to "hidden away" rural communities such as in the Kiewa Valley, especially at this point in time (World War II). The teaching methods used by local schools provided the necessary break through required by local school children to stop any adverse knowledge deficiencies due to factors of regional isolation. School children with in the Kiewa Valley would be able to integrate with children from all regions, weather in cities or larger towns. This hard cover (card) binder contains 11 monthly publications produced by the Victorian Department of Education for Grades 7 and 8 in the year 1947. Each issue has 16 pages with the cover page covering the major theme for the month. Each issue is placed within the folder by the folded middle page constrained by a thin cord. This is the only method to contain each monthly edition as they have no clasp or are stapled.The folder"SCHOOL PAPER COVER" underneath and to the left is a sketch of the world (revolving desk top stand) on top of a book and next to this "Name ------------ " underneath "Grade-----------" underneath "School---------" all enclosed by a thin border line.school paper, victorian education curriculum, education news letters, loose leaf educational binders

This publication was produced in the mid 1900s when the study of learning disabilities in children was in its infancy stage. The complexities of teaching methodologies to cover various symptoms uncovered by pre-school and primary school education facilities was that "one method suites all". This format changed in the later 1900s when specific "tailor made" teaching facilities where introduced and the "average" pre-school and primary school teaching professionals where not "on the whole" faced with the requirement to apply special remedial programs themselves but instead instigated a referral to dedicated specialists. This book covers the rural student with slow reading, comprehension and writing problems, in an environment where specialist speech therapists and child psychologists were and are still rare.This book although very thorough and highlights the major "communication and reading symptoms, in school children" and remedial treatment, places undue pressure upon those teachers, who, at some rural schools are faced with teaching classroom of students varying in age and thereby abilities of comprehension. Schools in rural Australia sometimes had smaller numbers of classrooms and facilities due to their small feeder population and their regional isolation. The Kiewa Valley before the dramatic increase in population in the mid 1950s (SEC Hydro Scheme) was one of these rural communities whose "schooling population" was diverse and small. This reference book, which was used at a Kiewa Valley primary school, reflects upon the Department of Education in Victoria as a highly professional organisation readily applying "modern" learning techniques to all of the department's regional areas. By this broad based application, no school was seen as having any disadvantage due to physical and/or financial isolation.This book has a plain red, cloth bonded, hard cardboard cover with an envelope attached to the inside back cover. The book has a one front blank flyleaf and two rear flyleaves. All lettering ,diagrams, sketches are in black on white as is the only photograph.There is three double sided "preface" pages and nine "contents" pages. There are 508 double sided pages covering 20 chapters and 25 double sided Appendices (5) and four double sided "Index Of Subjects". The cover has printing only on the spine.On the spine at the top "BACKWARDNESS IN THE BASIC SUBJECTS" underneath "SCHONELL" and at the bottom "OLIVER & BOYD"teacher reference books, remedial programs for disadvantages school children, special needs education programs, teacher training