Iron leg shackles were worn by convicts to both punish inmates and prevent escape. Combined with physically exhausting labour, they helped control prisoners. The shackles weighed a considerable amount (there were differing sizes) which made it difficult to walk easily, resulting in a shuffling gait.A pair of very heavy leg irons. They are made of iron with holes at each side so they can be bolted around the legs. There is a long iron chain connecting the two D-shaped pieces.leg-irons shackles convicts

Originally on the site of the Government Camp, the Sandhurst prison was built in 1863, when it housed both male and female prisoners. In 1972 it was renamed the Bendigo Prison, a medium security prison for male inmates. It closed in 2004 and was redeveloped as an arts and performance precinct named "Ulumbarra" (meeting place.Two invitations to the Gala Opening of Ulumbarra Theatre, Bendigo on 17/04/2015ulumbarra theatre, old bendigo gaol, opening

Built on the original site of the Government Camp, the Sandhurst prison was built in 1863 when it housed both male and female prisoners. In 1972 its name was changed to Bendigo Prison and it then ceased operation in 2004. It was then turned into an arts and performance centre named "Ulumbarra" (meeting place) in 2015.Commemorative Programme for the Gala Opening of Ulumbarra Theatre, Bendigo on 17/04/2015. Includes a loose sheet with the lyrics for "Ulumbarra" written for and performed at the Gala Opening. Fourteen pages. Black and gold cover, coloured photographs.ulumbarra theatre, old bendigo gaol, opening

A story written by Ivy Williams, nee Gorman, now Botheras, in 1994. It tells of 6 prisoners of war, who were sent to help her and her husband Fred, harvest their crop of peaches in 1941. Three of them were Ezio Neri, Hans Holsbauer and Osker Fleischer.HistoricOne piece of A4 paper with a typed story and poem. Has been laminatedivy williams, fred williams, ezio neri, hans holsbauer, osker fleischer, fruit pickers, italian pow's

Built on the site of the original Government Camp site in 1863, the Sandhurst Prison held both male and female prisoners. It was renamed the Bendigo Prison in 1972 as a medium security prison for male inmates. It closed in 2004 and was redeveloped as an arts and performance precinct named "Ulumbarra" (meeting place) 2015.Two tickets to the Gala Opening of Ulumbarra Theatre, Bendigo on 17/04/2023.ulumbarra theatre, old bendigo gaol

The Sergeant, senior Constable, or Constable on duty at Orbost Watchhouse, received all charges against prisoners brought in by different constables, ascertained their nature and if satisfied it was a proper charge was obliged to record the name of each prisoner and the particulars of the offence. This information was recorded in a charge book. Recorded also were details pertaining to the charge itself included: the charge number; the date and hour of both the apprehension and the recording of the charge in the Charge book; personal details of the person being charged including name, address, date and place of birth, a short summary of the nature of the offence and any other relevant details which followed the charges. In general entries became less detailed over time but the format of the entries and the type of information collected remained similar.This book is associated with Orbost and provides insights into the nature of crime as well as the experiences of police and victims in Orbost.A large, heavy register with hand-written entries. Pages are ruled with columns and printed headings. It also contains an indexed list of names and dates in a separate section at the back.charge-booh-orbost-police-station crimes law

Rev. Desmond Tarran (1916 - 1992). Born at Werribee. Converted at age 15. Entered the Home Missionary Training College in 1936. Spent 29 years in many appointments including 3 years 1950 - 1952 in Inland Mission in the Murchison area, Western Australia. Enlisted as an army medical orderly in 1940. Served in the medical service in Palestine and was transferred to a forward casualty station, then taken prisoner by the Japanese in 1942. On the Death Railway in Thailand worked closely with Dr E. (Weary) Dunlop and Dr Albert Coates in caring for starving and maltreated prisoners. Returned to home mission service in 1947. In 1966 was selected for special ordination as a Methodist minister. Served 11 years in country and city churches before retiring in 1978.Satin, black and white, head and shoulders, studio portrait of Rev. Desmond Tarran, as a post card.desmond tarran, home missionary, methodist minister, prisoner of war

This object relates to Charles Ben FRENCH. He was born on 17/11/1904 in Melbourne, VIC. Charles Ben served in the NZ Merchant Navy () enlisting on, in before being discharged from duties with the as a Merch. Navy Non-Commissioned Baker (BAKER) on . Charles Ben FRENCH was not a prisoner of war.medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

"Dear Kevin, Everybody home here is well, hope you and Bobby are well. Sid, Laurie home, hear regular from Eddie. Lots love Polly DAD" Post Card sent to Private K.J. Arrowsmith, VX54102, 6th Line Section, 8 Div, Malaya via Prisoner of War Post, Australian Prisoners of War, C/o Prisoners of War Information Bureau Tokyo, Japan from his sister Polly (Mercia Castledine). “After the cholera had been evidence for a few days, the Nips decided that the works on the railway had to be carried on and so isolated all the cases (a number more had developed since we were first quarantined) and sent all other men back to work. By this time, the number of men unfit for work had increased tremendously and the medical officer and medical orderlies were hopelessly overworked. Volunteers were called for to assist in this cholera ward; a disease highly contagious and with a terrific death rate. This meant isolation, but did not deter many men from offering their services, Bob and Kevin Arrowsmith being selected.” - Through the Burma-Thailand Railway, pp234-5, author unknown This post card is significant for its rarity as very few ever made it through and were saved. In these instances the information provided by Polly was cryptic informing Kevin and Bob Arrowsmith that brother Eddie and brothers-in-law, Laurie Mears and Sid Castledine were all still alive.Digital image of original held in private collection of Joan Castledine, daughter of Sid and Polly (nee Arrowsmith) Castledine.bob arrowsmith, burma-thailand railway, eddie arrowsmith, joan castlemaine, kevin j. arrowsmith, laurie mears, lucy mears (nee arrowsmith), mercia (polly) castledine (nee arrowsmith), postcards, prisoner of war post, sid castledine

"Dear Kevin, Hope you are both well, everybody well home here, constantly thinking of you, hear regular, Eddie, Laurie, Sid. Lots love Polly Dad" Post Card sent to Private K.J. Arrowsmith, VX54102, 6th Line Section, 8 Div, Malaya via Prisoner of War Post, Australian Prisoners of War, C/o Prisoners of War Information Bureau Tokyo, Japan from his sister Polly (Mercia Castledine). “After the cholera had been evidence for a few days, the Nips decided that the works on the railway had to be carried on and so isolated all the cases (a number more had developed since we were first quarantined) and sent all other men back to work. By this time, the number of men unfit for work had increased tremendously and the medical officer and medical orderlies were hopelessly overworked. Volunteers were called for to assist in this cholera ward; a disease highly contagious and with a terrific death rate. This meant isolation, but did not deter many men from offering their services, Bob and Kevin Arrowsmith being selected.” - Through the Burma-Thailand Railway, pp234-5, author unknown This post card is significant for its rarity as very few ever made it through and were saved. In these instances the information provided by Polly was cryptic informing Kevin and Bob Arrowsmith that brother Eddie and brothers-in-law, Laurie Mears and Sid Castledine were all still alive.Digital image of original held in private collection of Joan Castledine, daughter of Sid and Polly (nee Arrowsmith) Castledine.bob arrowsmith, burma-thailand railway, eddie arrowsmith, joan castlemaine, kevin j. arrowsmith, laurie mears, lucy mears (nee arrowsmith), mercia (polly) castledine (nee arrowsmith), postcards, prisoner of war post, sid castledine

Returned Anzacs and Prisoners of War including Arrowsmith brothers Kevin and Bobby from Eltham, Vic. holding newspapers tucked under their left arm and unknown man with a cigarette in his left hand. They are enjoying a tub of Peter's ice cream with small wooden scoops. Press photograph taken by The Herald. Stamped on reverse in blue ink: “Copyright Not for Reproduction Herald Feature Service Melbourne, Australia.”bobby arrowsmith, joan castledine collection, kevin arrowsmith, peter's ice cream, prisoner of war, anzacs, ww2

This item was used on P.C. Toby Nixon and Grace Nixon's farm, "Rolling Downs" at Bete Bolong. During WW11 the farm grew carrots, red beet, cabbages, beans and maize. Because of labour shortages the government built a Prisoner of War Camp on Russell's Hill. The manager, Dick Northrope, used three Italian prisoners to frill ring small trees and shrubs between crop harvesting. The introduction of ‘frill ringing’ and poisoning with arsenical tree killers in the 1940's and 1950's helped reduce the amount of labour required and trees on more country were treated. This enabled the hill country at Bete Bolong to become more productive. The dead trees and shrubs were later cleared by Erle Broome's D7 caterpillar bulldozer. This was the first big area of 230 acres to be cleared in the Orbost district. Soon after entering World War 11 Australia was asked by Britain to accept and guard large numbers of 'enemy aliens' and prisoners of war. The British government felt that it could not afford to feed large numbers of prisoners and it was believed that once in Australia the internees would have no chance of escape. Eager to show solidarity with Britain's cause, Australia readily agreed and decided to place the prisoners in a number of different camps scattered around the country and guard them with reservists and soldiers too unfit to serve overseas. There was an internment camp at Bete Bolong, Orbost. This item is an example of an item used by the Italian P.O.W.'s residing there. It is also an example of an agricultural tool not commonly used today.A galvanized iron watering can which has been used to hold poison for ring barking trees (possibly arsenic). It has a narrow spout. There is a handle at the back and a folding handle on the top. The top is conical with an opening for a cork. agriculture prisoner-of-war-camp tree-removal land-clearing

From page following title page: "2/2 Pioneer Battalion History. To the memory of All Ranks of the 2/2 Pioneer Battalion who were killed or died, as free men or prisoners during the Second World War" Refer Cat No 4072.2P, John Donald (Jock) VX19003, POW twice. Hard cover, cardboard, buckram, dark red colour, gold print on spine. 228 pages, cut plain white. Illustrated with black & white photos & maps. Front & back fly leaf & end papers illustrated, grey & white drawing of a scene with trees & soldiers in action. book, 2/2nd, pioneer

This book tells in close detail the stories of the perilous adventures and dreadful ordeals of 90 attempted escapes, some successful, by desperate Australian prisoners of war in Borneo 1942 - 1945. It also covers in detail a number of operations conducted by Special Operations Australia in the North Borneo region during World War II.signed by authorworld war ii, australian commandos, australian special operations, borneo, special operations australia, allied intelligence bureau, z special unit

This object belongs to James Edward LAWN. He was born on the 1/01/1880 in Ballarat, VIC. James served with the ARMY (2519). He was discharged on 1/09/1902 from duties with the 3 Battalion Infantry Brigade after serving as a Non-Commissioned Private (PTE). James was not taken as a prisoner of war."The Boer War Diary of Private James E. Lawn 3rd. Battalion Infantry Brigade [1st Victorian Contingent.]"south african war (boer war), 1899-1902, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Douglas Ewart HARRIS. Douglas Ewart served in the Commander 11 Platoon 'B' COY The South Wales Borderers SRN 324910 before being discharged from duties as a Army Commissioned Lieutenant (LT). Douglas Ewart HARRIS was not a prisoner of war. Douglas Harris was awarded the Military Cross.literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

Barry Pope left Melbourne at the intentions of travelling around Australia, met a local girl in Beechworth and decided to stay. He worked firstly in logging operations at the mill in Stanley, had some bartending jobs at Beechworth hotels, then got a job as a kitchen-hand at the Mayday Hill Hospital. Taking up new opportunities to advance his career and earning potential, he trained as a prison officer, working for several months at Pentridge Prison and Fairlea Women's Prison in Melbourne. He then returned to Beechworth to work in the prison system. In his story Mr Pope discusses many aspects of prison life for both prisoners and prison officers, from the food and daily routine, attitudes to discipline and rehabilitation, industries and opportunities available to prisoners and how prisoners were viewed in society after their period in prison was finished. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Barry Pope's account of his career is historically and socially significant as it details practices within the prison industry in the Twentieth Century as well as the operations of regional hospitals. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is a part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth-century Beechworth.' While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the 20th century, many of which will have now been lost if they had not been preserved.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.Barry Pope /beechworth, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, stanley mill, logging, hotel wentworth, oral history, hospital garden, mayday hill hospital, met hospital, social welfare department, loyola, lyolla, pentridge prison, fairlea women's prison, prison officer training, drug crimes, prison daily life, prison farm, prison wood workshop, prison industry, prison escapes, beechworth prison, prison suicides, prison violence, prisoner attitudes to crime, mental health, isolation cells, walking dog scheme, guide dogs, prison concerts, prison plays, george smee, prison food, prison officer accommodation

WW2 internment camp 1, Tatura. Australian Staff Sergeant G F Evans (V14130) with two of the mascots in camp 1 - Whacko the Cockatoo and Cobber the terrier. Whacko was found by a prisoner as a fledgling, reared by one of the guards and renowned for its lurid vocabulary. Ended its days at Wallan Hotel after the War.Black and white photograph. Australian Sergeant (wearing service ribbons) with white cockatoo and terrier standing in front of Army hut, Camp 1. Photograph taken 24 June 1943.internment camps, tatura internment camps, wacka the cockatoo, cobber the terrier, staff sergeant g f evans, v14130, army camp mascots

Lionel was captured and became a prisoner of war in Italy. When Italy withdrew from the war they opened the gates of the P.O.W. camps. Lionel and a friend were working for Padroni who helped them with food and civilian clothing. They walked to the Switzerland border and with the help of Partisan who got them to Smugglers gap in the alps and then to Switzerland.Black & white photo of Lionel Jones in civvies after his escape as a P.O.W. See also ND4877 and Historyjones lionel, prisoners of war, world war 1939- 1945

The Female relative's badge with 2 Stars is believed to have belonged to Mrs Keane. She had 2 sons who served with the 6th Battalion 2nd AIF. VX6710 A. Keane was killed in the Battle for Crete on 2nd April 1941. His brother VX6725 L. G. Keane was taken prisoner in the same battle.oo430 . 1 WW1 Memorial Death Plaque, , .2 WW2 Females Relative Badge also known as Women of Australian Badge with 2 stars . 3 WW2 Mother and Widow's Badge also known as the Weeping Woman's Badge with 1 star.Death plaque named to Clyde Alexander Lumsden. Female Relative badge No 8252 Mother and Widows Badge No 708

This object relates to John Joseph McCARTHY. She was born on 01/01/1927 in Ballarat, VIC. John Joseph served in the RAN (A44955) enlisting on, 16/04/1951 in Wendouree, VIC before being discharged from duties with the Lonsdale. John Joseph McCARTHY was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is Dorothy McCARTHYsecond world war (ww2), 1939 - 1945, personal items, ballarat rsl, ballarat

Letter dated 5.9.1945 from Jack Corrigan of Lower Buckland via Porepunkah to Jim. Poem entitled Wishful Thinking handwritten on Salvation Army/ACF/YMCA paper (in duplicate) Poem entitled My Prayer handwritten in pencil on lined paper. Two newspaper photos - soldiers wading through river / japanese prisoners of warColoured metal tin depicting English cottage scene containing poems and a letterLetter dated 5.9.1945 from Jack Corrigan of Lower Buckland via Porepunkah to Jim. Poem entitled Wishful Thinking handwritten on Salvation Army/ACF/YMCA paper (in duplicate) Poem entitled My Prayer handwritten in pencil on lined paper.corrigan, poem, wwe

This object relates to Robert William FUHRSTROM. He was born on 1/04/1896 in Main Lead, VIC. His next of kin wasW F FUHRSTROM (Father). Robert William served in the Army (1701) enlisting on, 14/01/1916. Upon his death, Robert was serving with the 58th Battalion. Robert William FUHRSTROM was not a prisoner of war.medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John GORDON. He was born on 18/02/1870. John enlised on, 01/12/1914 in Carlton before being discharged from duties with the AAMC on 22/03/1919. John GORDON was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is Ada GORDON (wife). John Gordon was awarded the British War Medal.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Robert William FUHRSTROM. He was born on 1/04/1896 in Main Lead, VIC. His next of kin wasW F FUHRSTROM (Father). Robert William served in the Army (1701) enlisting on, 14/01/1916. Upon his death, Robert was serving with the 58th Battalion. Robert William FUHRSTROM was not a prisoner of war.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

Two colour prints of Norm Maddock, former Assistant Secretary of the Victorian Branch of the Tramways Union and Malvern Tramway Museum alongside Scrubber No. 8 at the BTM depot 6/10/2009. See October 2009 Fares Please! See Melbourne Tram Museum item No. 7582 for a photo of Norm at the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial. Has a strong association with Norm Maddock, former Assistant Tramways Union secretary and driver of the scrubber tram. Photographed during a visit to Ballarat and the War Memorial.Set of two colour prints on digital prints.trams, tramways, scrubber tram, btm depot, unions, tram 8

sepia image ( copy ) image shows group of 7 men dressed in prisoner's clothes, dark jackets, white pants and white skull caps with arrow head imprinted. On back of image ' this taken at Bendigo Easter Fair 1930, costumes borrowed from Pentridge Prison. Footwear retail Dave Collier, DWC, Stan Giovenetti Spag, Wall De Araugo, Killer, Vic Blaeminch employed Colliers, Squizzey, Frank Leach, Tobacco Sthop Mitchell St., Slim, Jack Richards, Grovery, Mitchell Street, Spiko, Nicknames are also written on image.easter fair, collier, giovenetti, de araugo, vlaeminch, leach, richards.