Camouflaged coloured East Timor United Nations armband with United Nations badge with the words at top of badge, United Nations and words below Nations Unies. Below the UN Badge is an Australian flag Badge with Australia written underneath the flag.United Nations badge in middle and underneath Australian flag with the word Australia underneathmilitary, army, royal australian army, timor, east timor, australian army, royal australian regiment, rar, united nations, un, cotton, made in china, armband, camouflage

Little has been written previously about this technical group of men and women and that their duties were under insurmountable difficulties which they faced and overcome in conditions that were encountered in the desert and jungle warfare. Without their constant and never ending services, the task of the force in bringing to a close this fight for freedom would have been greatly handicapped.An outline of the Australian Signals Corps over the years from the campaign in the Middle East to the present day of the victories in New Guinea. A tribute to the corps that stayed on duty every hour of every day providing and maintaining vital communication channels.Signals - Story of the Australian Corps of Signals. Green front and back hardcover with black text and insignia. Photographs, cartoons, illustrations and poems. The inside front and back covers have a photograph montage in green sepia.signal corps, wwii, c.h.simpson, motorcycle couriers, signals 7 australian division, lt.commander b.t.r chadd, palestine, spark plug, semiphore, morse code, field radio, a.i.f, british signals corps, pieter mersk, breconshire corp signals, new guinea, malaysa, singapore, switchboard, carrier pigeons, linesmen, gaza signal office

The battle of Beersheba took place on 31 October 1917 as part of the wider British offensive collectively known as the third Battle of Gaza. The final phase of this all day battle was the famous mounted charge of the 4th Light Horse Brigade. Commencing at dusk, members of the brigade stormed through the Turkish defences and seized the strategic town of Beersheba. The capture of Beersheba enabled British Empire forces to break the Ottoman line near Gaza on 7 November and advance into Palestine.Decisive victory at Beersheba fell to one of the last great charges of mounted troops in history. As Australian Light Horse Divisions captured the town and secured crucial water wells, their success also marked the beginning of the end of the war in the Middle East. This end came exactly a year to the day after success at Beersheba.Rectangular shaped glass covered picture frame showing the Light Horsemen.Charge of the Light Horsemen The Battle of Beershebabeersheba, the light horse, lara r.s.l.,world war one, battle of beersheba, ww1

In 1884 the Ballarat School of Mines Council reserved a three acre site on a spur of the White horse Ranges known as Mount Pleasant. The Vice-President of the Ballarat School of Mines, James Oddie undertook at his own expense (said to be 4,000 pounds) to erect and equip the observatory. By 1886 seven rooms, a workshop and a cottage had been erected. The first large telescope built in Australia, the Baker Telescope, opened 1888. In 1913 the Council of the Ballarat School of Mines handed over the Observatory to the Ballarat East Town Council. A number of images as depicted in a newspaper. The top image shows the Carlver Equitorial Telescope. Middle left is a stained glass window at the observatory (donated by the Ballarat Courier), middle right is 'fire mist'; lower left shows Saturn, and lower right is 'in pleiades'.ballarat observatory, telescope, stained glass window, jelbart telescope, equalateral telescope, meterological apparatus, john brittain

Lillie Duncan was a member of the Ladies' Harbour Lights Guild, the women's auxiliary group of the Mission to Seafarers organisation. The LHLG was formed in 1902 and organised social events for visiting seafarers and were directly responsible for much of the fundraising for the construction of the facility at 717 Flinders Street. As a member of the Guild, Lillie was expected to entertain and support visiting seafarers, although within a strict set of rules. This letter, along with a number of others, was sent to Lillie from abroad.This letter, along with a number of others sent to Lillie Duncan by visiting seafarers, underscore the social conventions of the time and the work of the Mission to Seafarers in provide comfort and support to visiting seafarers. The letters speak of the many events and activities undertaken at the Mission and provide a snapshot of the era.Letter addressed to Miss L. Duncan, 11 Paxton St, East Malvern, Melbourne, Australia from Alex (no return address on the back or in the letter). It is in two parts. Part 0099.1 Envelope Part 0099.2 Letter Both the envelope and the letter are creamy yellow in colour with black curly writing on one side of the envelope and both sides of the letter. The letter begins with "Dearest Lily,I know you will forgive..." and concludes with "ever yours, Alex".There is a round ink stamp on the top middle of the envelope with the text "Cristobal, Jul 28 1130 AM 1926 Canal Zone". There is also an ink stamp in seven wavy lines covering the small blue 5 cents stamp. This stamp has the text "United States Postage, Roosevelt" on it.lhlg, alex, lillie duncan, panama, canal

The "letters to Lillie" show the international nature of the Mission to Seafarers. They are an important display of the handwriting style of the time, revealing courting attempts and give us an insight into life in 1925.Lillie Duncan was a member of the Harbour Lights Guild and this letter forms part of a collection of letters sent to her by different seafarers.Letter addressed to Miss L Duncan, 11 Paxton St, East Malvern, Melbourne, Australia from N.H. (Nelson), Paul & Gray, Ship Chandlers, Scott St, Newcastle, NSW in three parts. Part 0100.1 Envelope Part 0100.2 Newspaper clipping Part 0100.3 Letter Both the envelope and the letter are creamy yellow in colour with black curly writing on one side of the envelope and on both sides of the letter. The letter begins "My Dear Lilly, Once again at seas, I am..." and concludes with "P.S.S Don't forget to answer this soon and write to...". In the top right hand corner of the letter is the ships details (S.S. Peterson, Brisbane). The newspaper clipping is titled "Oversea Vessels" dated London, April 13.The envelope has been torn across the top and alongside the flap to access its contents. It has an ink stamp with the text "Brisbane May 21 7-PM 1926" in the top middle of the envelope. Towards the right corner is a six wavy line ink stamp with the text "Post Early/Queensland/Each Day" partially covering an upside down red 1 1/2 cent stamp with the text "Australia Postage Three Halfpence"handwriting, correspondence, love letters, lillie duncan, nelson, lhlg, ss peterson, brisbane

The "letters to Lillie" show the international nature of the Mission to Seafarers. They are an important display of the handwriting style of the time, revealing courting attempts and give us an insight into life in 1925.Lillie Duncan was a member of the Harbour Lights Guild and this letter forms part of a collection of letters sent to her by different seafarers.Letter addressed to Miss L Duncan, 11 Paxton St, East Malvern, Melbourne, Australia from Ted in three parts: Envelope (0112.1) Letter page 1 (0112.2) Letter page 2 (0112.3). Both the envelope and the letter are creamy yellow in colour with black curly writing. Both sides of each page of the letter are written on. The first page of the letter begins with "Write. c/o Graham Trading Co. Calcutta. cancelled" placed at the top left of the page and "S.S. Matheran Calcutta 28-8-27" placed at the top right of the page. The first line begins with "Dear Lillie, Very many thanks for...". The reverse side of the first page starts "...thickness of solid steel fracturing is it not?". The second page begins with "...be home two months..." and the reverse side concludes with "Hope if you write to me you will use the address below, that will find me. 'Lyndale 117 Greenway Road, Taunton, Somerset, England".The envelope is torn across the top for access to its contents. The address has been typed in black ink. It has one red stamp to the top right hand corner of the envelope with the text "Ceylon 9c". There is also a black ink stamp in the form of several horizontal lines running from top left to top right of the envelope with "Colombo" written in the middle.ss matheran, calcutta, ss mangalore, colombo, ted, lillie duncan, lhlg

Port of Portland Authority archives.Front: (no inscriptions) Back: Poles in the background. Timber treatment plant in middle. Mills at background. Photography by the Arthur Studio. Further copies always obtainable at 27 Commercial St. East, Mt. Gambier. (purple stamp, lower right) (upper left, pencil), 22 (lower right, pencil).port of portland archives

This is a photograph of Pte Bruce Kingsbury VC who served with the Second AIF 1940-1942.Pte Bruce Kingsbury served in the Middle East and New Guinea. Pte Kingsbury won his VC during the Battle of Isurava. He was the first serviceman to receive the VC in Australian territory.Blue Metal Photograph Frame with Black and White photograph of B S Kingsbury VC.Inscription with the photograph - In proud memory of Pte Bruce Steel Kingsbury, VC. 2/14 Battalion who with great personal courage and at the cost of his life won the Victoria Cross at Isurava by counter attacking and clearing a path through the enemy position. "Lest We Forget"kingsbury ww2 new guinea isurava

Stanley George Allen Hindhaugh (1883-1962), soldier, was born on 12 December 1883 at Camperdown, Victoria. His occupation was Station Manager. 14 April 1904 - Appointed Lieutenant 11th Light Horse Regiment Militia. 3 April 1911 - Promoted to Captain in the Militia. 20 August 1914 - Appointed to the Australian Imperial Forces to A Squadron, 4th Light Horse Regiment at Broadmeadows camp. 19 October 1914 - Embarked for the Middle East from Melbourne with the 4th Light Horse Regiment per Tranport A18 "Wiltshire". 11 December 1914 - Disembarked at Alexandria for camp Mena. 19 May 1915 - Promoted to Major. From 22 May 1915 - On operations at Gallipoli. 6 August 1915 - Noted in the fierce engagement at Leane's Post. 19 August 1915 - Appointed Second in Command 4th Light Horse Regiment. December 1915 - To camp at Tel El Kebir. January 1916 - Acting CO 4th Light Horse Regiment. 21 March 1916 - Embarked Alexandria per "Cestrian" for Marseilles with B Squadron 4th Light Horse Regiment for operations in France and Flanders. 16 February 1917 - Promoted to Lt Colonel. March 1918 - In action at Passchendaele - Awarded Belgian Croix de Guerre. 7 December 1918 - To 2nd Light Horse Regiment. 2nd ANZAC Mounted Regiment. 15 May 1919 - Returned to Australia. 11 October 1919 - Transferred to Reserve of Officers. 1932 - Commanded 20th Light Horse Regiment. 1934 - Commanded 11th Light Horse Regiment. 15 November 1941 - Retired. Full size and miniature sets of medals awarded to Colonel Stanley George Allen Hindhaugh. Comprising: Distinguished Service Order (Flanders 1 June 1918), 1914-1918 Star, British War Medal 1914-1920, Victory Medal (with MID) 1919, War Medal 1939-1945, King George V Coronation 1911, Colonial Officers Auxiliary Forces Decoration, Croix de Guerre (Belgium) 1917. Mounted in glass fronted display case.Plaque in case enscribed: "Decorations of the late Lt Col Stan Hindhaugh 4th Light Horse Regiment. Presented to 4th 19th Motorised Regiment". Adhesive label on case: Alwyn and Barbara Catmore 32 Morrie Crescent Blackburn Vic 3130 (03)8984124 medals, world war, 1, victory medal, 4th light horse, militia, western front, dso, king george v coronation, colonial officers auxiliary decoration, 1914 1918 star, mid, croix de guerrre belgium, passchendaele, 2nd anzac mounted regiment, 20th light horse, 11th light horse

Bogong State School opened in 1941 to provide an education for the employees of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria. The school had up to date equipment and received glowing reports from School inspectors. It closed c1986.Historical: The Bogong State School was opened for the children of S.E.C.V. workers who lived at Bogong in a remote part of north east Victoria. The nearest school would have been 14 miles away and over mountain roads subject to heavy construction traffic and extremes of climatic conditions. Metal sign painted white with thin red border and black block capital letters and numbers. There is a hole in the middle top and middle bottom of the sign."State School / No. 4590"state school. bogong. education. state electricity of victoria. kiewa hydro electric scheme.

This VHS was produced by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, to show the pristine state of the Kiewa River and Valley post the completion of the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme (Circa 1950s), The late 1970s on wards was the beginning of deeper social scrutineering by pro environmental groups such as the Australian Wilderness Society (1976) and the Greens (political Party), before, during and after the construction phases of any man made structures in forest/bush areas which may or could damage or adversely affect the natural flora and fauna of sites. This promotional VHS, which was produced in the 1990s, was to project that unlike the Tasmanian State Electricity Commission (Franklin Dam issue), the Victorian State Electricity Commission acted in a way to protect the environment to the maximum level possible. With the passage of time since, and the issue of the global push to minimise carbon pollution, and as an alternative to coal fired power stations, the use of hydro electricity can now be seen as a highly efficient alternative to "coal powered" electricity. This VHS is a snap shot in time (1990) when the Kiewa Valley was still relatively under populated and holiday houses owned by city bound workers was still relatively insignificant. As more and more holiday makers retire to a small but friendly region(Kiewa Valley and Mount Beauty) the increase in visitor numbers will affect the local rural bush scene more and more. The changes that will occur (in time) can be measured against the scenes presented in this video. The additional resources provided by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria of "alpine bush" fire control and management, together with an ongoing educational scheme for school children in learning about what constitutes the Alpine country's unique environment, are a very important offshoot, benefitting to both the communities within the Kiewa Valley and regional Victoria.This VHS tape is stored within its own plastic cover which has a front side covered by a coloured photograph(both front and back cover) of the Kiewa River, just to the north east of the Mount Beauty township. The VHS tape is nestled within a formed inner structure which not only prevents the tape from moving to and fro but also unnecessary intrusion of foreign particles.Front cover "KIEWA" on the spine top circle with lines projecting out and below this "SEC". Middle of spine "KIEWA" and bottom of spine "VHS"secv, kiewa valley, dale-bromley, cy-duff, chris- harding, michael-glucz, forestation education, wilderness photography, nature film.

This appears to be the Boggy Creek bridge and to have been taken at Nowa Nowa. The Boggy Creek Bridge was built in 1916 as part of the Bairnsdale to Orbost extension to the main Gippsland Railway, and is situated in the middle of the township of Nowa Nowa, crossing a steep-sided and well-timbered creek-valley. This section of the line closed in 1987.This bridge plays a major part in the identity and history of the town of Nowa Nowa, since Boggy Creek’s steep sided valley divides the township into two components. It is part of the East Gippsland Railway line.A black / white photograph / postcard of a tall railway bridge, with concrete pylons in the centre,There is a creek below.on front - bottom left - " NOWA NOWA BRIDGE"boggy-creek-railway-bridge nowa-nowa railway-bridge east-gippsland-railway orbost-bairnsdale-railway

All photographs seem to have been takenfrom the Telecom tower on the corner of Browning and Wolseley Streets in Orbost 3259.1 is a view of the Orbost township looking north-east. The swimming pool and bowling club can be seen in the foreground. 3259.2 is aview looking north-west and showing the tennis courts and clubhouse, the Recreation Reserve oval, the Youth Centre, Historical Museum, Municipal Offices, Senior Citizens clubrooms with the fire station in the foreground. 3259.3 is a view looking south with the Shire of Orbost Municipal offices and Ruskin Street in the foreground. Munro Street can be seen running from Ruskin Street to St Joseph's School in the middle distance. Lochiel Park oval, Lochiel House, the Snowy River and highway bridge are in the background. 3259.4 is a view looking south showing the Club Hotel, C.B.C. Bank in the middle distance and Hoffman's paddock (Forest Park) and the Snowy River beyond. 3259.5 is a view looking north-east over houses. 3259.6 is aview over the main street, Nicholson Street.showing the main shopping precinct. Shop signs for Permewans, Williams Shoes, F.B. Dicken and Orbost Bakery can be seen. 3259.7 is a view looking south west and shows Forest park and beyond towards Bete Bolong.These photographs are detailed pictorial records of the township of Orbost.Seven black / white photographs taken from above a township. Chimney smoke can be seen in the photographs.orbost-township-1980s aerial-photograph-orbost

Black and white photograph (3 copies- 2 large, 1 small) Typed below one photograph: "Whitehorse Rd. Looking east towards Warrandyte Rd. 1918". Image shows 2 men and a boy with bicycle in middle of the road.

Black and white photograph (3 copies- 2 large, 1 small).Typed below one large photograph: "Maroondah Hwy. 1918. Taken from outside railway station looking towards Warrandyte Rd." Image shows Coffee Palace and general store in middle, and Ringwood Post Office to the left.

Updated Information from Bruce Frazer: This is Frazer's (not "Fraser") orchard, sold to A.V. Jennings Co. For housing development c1970. Address was "Alkoomi", Oban Rd. North Ringwood. State School 4120 was enclosed on its north & east sides by the orchard. Owned by Harold & Sylvia Frazer, 12 acres, growing mainly cherries plus plums & lemons. Photo was taken from neighbouring apple orchard (Williams) & shows street construction in the middle distance.Written on back of photograph, "Looking across remains of Fraser's orchard to state school, 1972".

Updated Information from Bruce Frazer: This is Frazer's (not "Fraser") orchard, sold to A.V. Jennings Co. For housing development c1970. Address was "Alkoomi", Oban Rd. North Ringwood. State School 4120 was enclosed on its north & east sides by the orchard. Owned by Harold & Sylvia Frazer, 12 acres, growing mainly cherries plus plums & lemons. Photo was taken from neighbouring apple orchard (Williams) & shows street construction in the middle distance.Written on back of photograph, "Remains of [Fraser's] orchard. State school on left".

Black and white photograph of orchard. House in middle range, mountains in background. Photograph appears to be reproduced from subdivisional brochure. Note inserted in sleeve reads, "It has been pointed out that the mountains are to the east and the view is looking south. This therefore is not a 'straight' photograph. House still exists in Eden Avenue at October, 1996".(3 copies).Typed below photograph, "Panoramic view taken on the estate". "View overlooking Martell's orchard, Heathmont, 1929". Taken from corner Canterbury Rd. and Balfour Ave. looking south. Dandenong Creek just beyond house. Washusen Rd. on right". Written on back of one of the copies, "Heathmont Station Estate 1922". "Station Street, Lisgoold St. Canterbury Rd. Vivienne Cres. Balfour Ave."

This ledger was used by the Shire of Orbost from 1906 to 1910. The item was donated to Orbost & District Historical society from P.R.O.V. as a Place of Deposit (POD) item for safe keeping by a local history group or museum. The shire covered an area of 9,347 square kilometres and existed from 1892 until 1994 when it became part of the East Gippsland Shire Council. Orbost was at first included in the Bairnsdale Shire from 1882 and was later part of the Tambo Shire. Because of travelling distances the Croajingalong Shire was created in 1892 (name changed to Orbost Shire 17.2.1893 with James Cameron as the first Shire President. In 1994 it amalgamated to become part of East Gippsland Shire Council. In Australian suburbs and rural towns where the sewer wasn't connected, people usually had an outside toilet. The toilet seat was made of a plank of wood secured at its ends to the walls of the building with a large round hole in the middle. Underneath was the removable sanitary pan and on a regular basis, usually weekly, the full pan was taken away and replaced with an empty one. This was the job of the sanitary carter. the sanitary depot was in Martins Lane, Orbost Development of the Orbost Wastewater Treatment Facility began in the 1960’s with the construction of four treatment lagoons. Shortly after the construction of the lagoons the sewerage system was installed throughout Orbost.This item is a record of accounting for the local government. The collection of sanitary pans was a necessary service before the Orbost township was had its own wastewater treatment facility.A large register of pan fees for the Shire of Orbost. A black hard cover book with red binding and marbled end pages. Entries are hand-written in black ink.On spine - "PAN FEES REGISTER: in gold lettering. In centre of front cover in gold - "SHIRE OF ORBOST (underlined) PAN FEES REGISTER"orbost-shire-council ledger-pan-fees sewage orbost-township-sanitary-service

The name Croajingolong derives from the Australian Aboriginal Krauatungalung words galung, meaning "belonging to" and kraua, meaning "east". This is the thirty-second edition of the annual magazine of Orbost High School. The magazine belonged to Mary Gilbert, a former teacher at the school. This 32nd issue of the annual Orbost High School magazine is a useful reference tool.A white 62 pp light card covered magazine. On the front cover in the middle is the title in green print. Around it are photographs of men and women - staff of Orbost High School.orbost-high-school magazine croajingalong

This photograph is part of the Caulfield Historical Album 1972. This album was created in approximately 1972 as part of a project by the Caulfield Historical Society to assist in identifying buildings worthy of preservation. The album is related to a Survey the Caulfield Historical Society developed in collaboration with the National Trust of Australia (Victoria) and Caulfield City Council to identify historic buildings within the City of Caulfield that warranted the protection of a National Trust Classification. Principal photographer thought to be Trevor Hart, member of Caulfield Historical Society. Most photographs were taken between 1966-1972 with a small number of photographs being older and from unknown sources. All photographs are black and white except where stated, with 386 photographs over 198 pages. In 1881, Reverend J H Davies founded Caulfield Grammar School in Elsternwick, Victoria with just nine students.Page 54 of Photograph Album with one photograph of two images of Caulfield Grammar School. The images are vertically arranged and joining.Hand written: Caulfield Grammar School / 1909 [middle top] / Glen Eira Road [top right ]/ 54 [bottom right]. Top image includes a printed title "Old School" and the bottom image "New Class Rooms".trevor hart, 1880's, 1890's, elsternwick, caulfield grammar school, reverend j h davies, education, glen eira road, st kilda east, church of england, double storey school buildings

non-fictionThe comprehensive history of the 6th Australian Division Cavalry Commandos – a (now out of print) reprint of one of the rarer Armoured unit history books. This is the story of one of Australia’s most famous fighting regiments during World War II. As an armoured cavalry unit it fought the Italians and Germans in the sands of the African desert and the Vichy French in the mountains of Syria. Later as a dismounted commando unit it fought the Japanese in the terrifying jungles of New Guinea. The heroism of the men in its ranks and the actions in which they engaged are portrayed in a way which makes battle deeds leap realistically from the pages. “To The Green Fields Beyond” is a documented and detailed book which is of value to everyone who is interested in Australia’s story. Seldom before has such a contribution been made to record of our national history. The book has been approved and sponsored by the Australian War Memorial. The 6th Division Cavalry Regiment was formed in November 1939 and, just two months later, was sent overseas to the Middle East in January 1940. Arriving in Egypt, the regiment immediately went to Palestine, where it joined the rest of the 6th Division and trained using machine-gun carriers and, from October, six old Vickers light tanks. At the end of the year the regiment moved into the Western Desert, where it joined British forces ready for the major offensive to commence on 9 December. Two days later the regiment became the first unit of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force (AIF) to go into action when one of its squadron fought a sharp action against the Italians holding Garn el Grein and Fort Maddalina on 11 and 12 December. By 21 December British forces had captured Sidi Barrrani and the desert was now open for the 6th Division’s advance along the Libyan coast. On 3 January 1941 the division attacked and captured the Italian fort of Bardia. The regiment’s A Squadron, under the command of Major Denzil Macarthur-Onslow, who went on to command the 4th Armoured Brigade, supported the attack. Tobruk was the next Italian fort to be captured, with the regiment again in support and covering the 19th Brigade’s advance. The regiment, though, was under-equipped and without its full compliment of vehicles, using only machine gun carriers. To compensate for this, A Squadron was parity re-equipped with captured Italian light tanks, which had large kangaroos painted on the hulls and turrets to distinguish them from enemy vehicles. After Tobruk, the regiment was used as part of the advance guard in the capture of Derna and then Benghazi. In April the unit moved to Helwan, where it was equipped with Vickers light tanks and machine-gun carriers, and operated with British troops in capturing Sollum. Towards the end of May the regiment moved to Palestine, where it came under the command of the 7th Division for the imminent invasion of Syria. The regiment experienced its heaviest fighting during the Syrian campaign, which began on 7 June. A Squadron was attached to the 21st Brigade and advanced along the coast, where the rugged hills made it difficult to manoeuvre the tanks and carriers. The squadron was relieved by one of the 9th Division Cavalry Regiment’s squadrons on 13 and 14 June. C Squadron, meanwhile, was with the 25th Brigade, and advanced along the Rosh Pinna road, engaging strong enemy defences at Fort Khirbe. C Squadron was relieved by B Squadron, which was later attacked by Vichy French tanks that were supported by heavy artillery and machine-gun fire, which forced the Australians to withdrawal. Always willing or needing to improvise during the campaign, A and B Squadrons both operated three captured French R35 Renault light tanks, while C Squadron provided personnel for a horse troop, quickly nicknamed the “Kelly Gang”, to patrol the high, rugged hills near the Mardjayoun–Banis Road. The regiment remained in Syria as part of the occupation force and returned to Australia in March 1942. It was sent to the Adelaide River, in the Northern Territory, and then later to Murgon, in Queensland. In 1943 and 1944 divisional cavalry regiments were reorganised into cavalry (commando) regiments. In January 1944 the 6th Division Cavalry Regiment became the 2/6th Cavalry (Commando) Regiment. The regiment lost its vehicles and became the administrative headquarters for the 2/7th, 2/9th, and 2/10th Commando Squadrons. The regiment remained with the 6th Division and participated in the Aitpae–Wewak campaign, in New Guinea, during 1945. Includes Nominal Rollww2, australian commandos, australian special forces, world war 2

Early settlers established market gardens, farms and business in the East Brighton ( East Bentleigh) area of Henry Dendy's Special Survey 1841 Brighton. The small communities established Churches and Schools. Stephen Charman, 1821-1906 a market gardener, donated land for the first Methodist Chapel, Cemetery and School in Charman Rd Cheltenham 1855. The East Bentleigh settlers built a Methodist Church in Tucker Road and established the Sunday School and Youth group which organised social and sporting events and picnics.Early settlers established market gardens, farms and business in the East Brighton ( East Bentleigh) area of Henry Dendy's Special Survey 1841 Brighton. The small communities established Churches and Schools. Black and White photograph showing the Bentleigh Methodist Youth Group on Harvest Thanksgiving Sunday c1910 in front of R.Smith's shed in Tucker Road East Bentleigh re-digitised by H.Stanley CMHS 2005Back Handwritten Names on Original photograph Front row Irene Pederson, Ella Marriott, Bessie Long, Jessie Box, Lucy Hosking, Middle row Hilda Sheppard, Emma Marriott, Bertha Sheppard, ? , Edna Box, Annie McNeil Back row Rev. George Wong, John Marriott, Arthur Marriott, Vic Pederson, Eddie Long, ? Marriott,, Tom Marriott, Mr Long methodist youth group bentleigh c1910, marriott emma, marriott ella, hosking lucy, marriott john, box jessie, pederson vic, long bessie, wong george, shephard hilda, mcneil annie, smith j l; smith mary ann, stanley helen, smith vic, smith harry redvers, chaff cutter, horse drawn carts, toll gates brighton, motor cars 1900, steam engines, early settlers, bentleigh, mckinnon, parish of moorabbin, city of moorabbin, county of bourke, moorabbin roads board, shire of moorabbin, henry dendy's special survey 1841, were j.b.; bent thomas, o'shannassy john, king richard, charman stephen, highett william, ormond francis, maynard dennis, market gardeners, vineyards, orchards

By the later 1800s the dirt roads in the then out-lying areas of the City of Moorabbin became dangerous, and almost impassable due to huge potholes and muddy swampy areas. The heavily laden market gardener’s carts regularly broke axles and wheels, and horses foundered on their way to the Melbourne markets. Even worse, the heavier “iron maidens”, carrying their malodorous loads of sewage from Melbourne’s inner suburbs for dumping in the outlying areas of the City of Moorabbin, also got bogged in the mire. It was decided that a practical solution to this problem was to install a metal plateway on the side of the problematic roads. In about 1887 the Moorabbin Shire Centre Road, in the Brighton East area, two parallel metal rails were installed so that the wheels of carts could run along smoothly, the horse travelled in the filled, middle area between the rails. Point Nepean Road plateway was removed in 1930 and Centre Dandenong Road plateway was removed in 1934-35. The worn plateway along Centre Road, East Brighton (now known as Bentleigh), was gradually taken up in several pieces, commencing in the the1920s, when its condition deteriorated and it caused a hazard to bikes, pedestrians, motor-cycles and the few early cars. The early steel plateway, constructed by David Munro, and opened on 23rd March 1885 by Thomas Bent, was built along Nepean Highway, between Asling St. and Bay St. The Point Nepean Track was subsequently extended into Moorabbin with branches along Centre, Cumins, South, Wickham, and Keys Roads, the total length was 13 miles. In 1908-1909 plates were laid along Centre Dandenong Road to Ross Street Bentleigh This innovative solution proved successful and was used until gradually the main roads were upgraded, and motorised vehicles started to appear. Two parallel metal rails were installed in the right hand side of a few main roads in the Shire of Moorabbin so that the wheels of heavily-loaded market gardener's carts on their way to markets in Melbourne could run along smoothly. The horse pulling the carts travelled in the filled, middle area between the rails. The Steel Plateway was constructed by David Munro, and opened on 23rd March 1885 by Thomas Bent. The wheelway first only ran along Nepean Highway, but it soon extended from Centre Dandenong Road, along Nepean road to its junction with Chapel Street, St Kilda. Later branch lines were built along Centre Road, Bentleigh as far as Warrigal Road and, according to early photographs, along Wickham Road Moorabbin as well. This innovative solution proved successful and was used until gradually the main roads were upgraded, and motorised vehicles started to appear. There was a problem with the wheelway : there was only a single set of rails and this was established on the right-hand side of the Nepean Road, travelling towards the city. Traffic FROM the city travelled on the correct or left-hand side of the road. The exception to this rule was the malodorous iron-clads, heavily riveted iron carts, generally travelling in convoy, carrying several tons of human effluent out of Melbourne to be trenched-in in the sandy soil of the Moorabbin district. Moorabbin City Council donated and installed a small section of Plateway at Box Cottage Museum in 1984melbourne, brighton, moorabbin, roads, plateway, wheelway, transport, st kilda, bent thomas, munro david, market gardens, steelway, carts horse-drawn, iron maidens, point nepean track

This horse-drawn, two-wheeled cart with a tank, is known as a Furphy Farm Water Cart that was made in Shepparton, northern Victoria, c. 1942. John Furphy (1842-1920) was born in Moonee Ponds, in 1842 to Irish immigrant parents and subsequently raised in the Yarra Valley before the family moved to Kyneton in central Victoria, where he completed an apprenticeship with the firm Hutcheson and Walker. Murphy began operations of his own at a site on Piper Street in Kyneton in 1864. He relocated for a business opportunity and founded the first blacksmiths and wheelwrights shop in the newly surveyed town of Shepparton in 1873. Furphy invented many farming tools and machines including a patented grain-stripper, and won awards at the 1888-89 Melbourne International Exhibition. His most famous invention is the Furphy Farm Water Cart, designed in the 1880s, at a time when water for most households and farms was carted on wagons in wooden barrels. The Furphy’s water cart is a single item that combines a water metal tank and a cart. The design of the cart was simple yet effective, and became popular very quickly and established itself as a vital piece of farming equipment. The water cart has had a number of words cast into its ends over many years. References to the foundry’s location in Shepparton, as well as advertising of other products also manufactured by J. Furphy & Sons were present on the ends. However, the most significant set of words to feature on the tank, was a poem encouraging continual improvement: ‘Good Better Best, Never Let it Rest, Until your Good is Better, And your Better Best’. During The Great War (1914-1918), the water cart was used by the Australian militarily at a large AIF (Australian Imperial Force) camp in Broadmeadows (Melbourne) where thousands of men were camped for months, before being transported aboard. Furphy Water Carts provided water to the troops, and were usually placed near the camp latrines, which was one of the few places the troops could share gossip and tall tales away from the prying eyes and ears of their officers. The water cart drivers were also notorious sources of information, despite most of their news being hearsay, or totally unreliable. By the time the men of the AIF were in engaged in combat on the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Western Front, the carts used for water supply had no markings and became simply referred to as Furphys. This owed as much to the coining of the term ‘Furphy’, Australian slang for suspect information or rumour. After a number of decades as principally a soldier’s word, 'Furphy' entered the broader Australian vernacular and was used mainly by the political class until recently when the term was taken up by a Australian brewer as a beer brand. This Furphy Water Cart was purchased by Friends of Flagstaff Hill in 2014. The support of local individuals, organisations and businesses enabled its restoration and later its installation alongside the existing late-19th century water pipe stand and 1940s hand pump The Furphy Farm Water Cart is of historical significance as it represents a famous Australian time-saving and energy-saving invention of the 1880s, replacing the labour intensive activity of collecting and dispensing water from barrels and casks on the back of carts. The water cart’s connection with manufacturing companies J. Furphy & Sons and Furphy Foundry are significant for being early Australian businesses that are still in operation today. Furphy carts are of military significance for the role they played during The Great War (1914-1918) in Australian army camps, and theatres of war in Europe and the Middle East, to supply the AIF troops with fresh water. A wooden framed, two-wheeled, horse-drawn cart, fitted with a horizontally mounted, cylindrical metal tank. The tank is made of rolled, sheet steel with a riveted seam, and cast iron ends with cast iron ends. The spoked metal wheels have fitted flat iron tyres and metal hubs. A metal pipe is joined to the outlet. The tank is silver coloured, the ends, wheels and trims are crimson, and the script lettering on tank sides is black. There are inscriptions on the tank, ends, and hubs. The water tank was made in 1942 in Shepparton, Australia, by J. Furphy & Sons and has a capacity of 180 gallons (848 litres). Hub perimeter, embossed “J. FURPHY & SONS” “KEEP THE / BOLTS TIGHT” Hub centre embossed [indecipherable] Tank, each side, painted “J. FURPHY & SONS / Makers / SHEPPARTON” Tank ends, embossed – “FURPHY’S FARM WATER CART” “BORN ABOUT 1880 – STILL ‘GOING STRONG’ 1942” “j. FURPHY & SONS / MAKERS / SHEPPARTON - VIC “ “S - - - - - L MANUFACTURERS” [SPECIAL] “SPIKE ROLLERS” “SINGLE TREES” “PLOUGH WHEELS” “IRON CASTINGS” “LAND GRADERS” “STEEL DELVERS” “CAST IRON PIG” “CHAIN YOKES” “GOOD – BETTER – BEST / NEVER LET IT REST / TILL YOUR GOOD IS BETTER / AND YOUR BETTER – BEST” Image [Stork carrying a baby] above shorthand, transcribed "Produce and populate or perish" Image [Furphy Pig Feeder] beside ‘Cast Iron Pig’ Shorthand, transcribed “"Water is the gift of God but beer and whiskey are concoctions of the Devil, come and have a drink of water"warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, water cart, furphy cart, furphy tank, furphy farm water cart, furphy, john furphy, john furphy & sons, furphy foundry, kyneton, shepparton, mobile water tank, jinker, hutchinson & walker, blacksmith, farm equipment, implement maker, tool maker, horse drawn, stork and baby, good, better, best, barrel, tank, first world war, wwi, eastern front, gallipoli, j furphy & sons

1) Red and white guessing game card in the name of Betty Nankervis giving the correct number of answers:11. When opened there are 20 questions on parts of the human anatomy with space for answers. 2) Bendigo Tramways card first issued December 9 & 10 1972 the name Mrs K. Hesse typed above the picture of a tram. Linking unique tourist attractions, a project of the Bendigo Trust. On the back a signature R.F. Lamb(?) 3) Two tickets Electricity supply department provincial tramways, this ticket is issued subject to the by-laws, price 1 penny. 4) Two entry tickets to Bendigo pottery Australia's oldest pottery workshop, one family for $1.40 and one adult for 50centts. 5) Brown paper rectangular box in the middle: Manchuria, twelve different stamps issued by the Japanese puppet government of Manchuria and the north-east provinces under the control of the Chinese Nationalist Government.