Braille hand frames and styluses were the primary way to produce Braille for over a century. The stylus was used to make a separate indentation for each dot, and the hand frame to keep dots within the same cell. Braille rows are produced from right to left. The process was very time consuming. Volunteer transcribers for the library could take an average of ½ hour to produce one page of Braille using this method. For example: “Oliver Twist” required approximately 600 sheets equating to 300 hours of work! This wooden slate, which was used to make the system portable, served as a firm base needed to sustain puncture pressure. The frame can also be slotted into both sides of the slate, thereby ensuring that the lines of Braille were straight across the page. The metal clasp at the top of the frame held the wooden which kept paper from slipping.Brown plastic rectangular hand frame with holes evenly spaced on either long side. Hinged Braille metal guide with space for 2 rows of Braille, each 35 cells long. braille equipment, rnib

Auction catalogue with a pale blue cover for a sale on 20th January, 1938 of Mining Machinery, Plant, Equipment and Buildings of the Guildford Plateau Central Gold Mine, Guildford, Vic. J. H. Curnow & Son were the auctioneers. Catalogue has a column down the right side of the page to write in the price of each lot. Contains a description of some of the machinery and buildings. Bolton Bros. Pty. Ltd. were the printers of the catalogue.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - guildford plateau central gold mine, j h curnow & son, j l jamieson, bolton bros pty ltd

Two red covered catalogues for an auction of Mining and Sluicing Equipment, Electrical Machinery, Buildings, Etc. held on the 17th December 1942 at the Mallakoff Alluvials Sluicing Plant at Landsborough, Vic. Sale by Order of Mr. D. P. Fletcher and Mines Department. Sale conducted by permission of the Director of Machine Tools and Gauges under the Regulation 59 of the National Security (General) Regulations. J. H. Curnow & Son were the auctioneers.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - mallakoff alluvials sluicing plant, mr d p fletcher, mines department, j h curnow & son, j l jamieson, regulation 59 of the national security (general) regulations, the cambridge press

The rocket line faking box with lid has a frame inside with a specifically designed perimeter of faking pegs. The rocket shot line has been faked, or skilful wound, around these pegs to prevent it from tangling. The line is stored in the box, ready for attaching to the line throwing rocket. Some line faking boxes have a false base that is removed before firing the line-throwing pistol, leaving the line to feed out from the box when the rocket is fired. After the line is attached to the rocket the box tilted slightly and faced towards the wreck to allow it to be freely dispatched. The equipment often includes more that one faking box to make allowance for possible errors, broken lines or the need for a heavier line. Saving lives in Warrnambool – The coastline of South West Victoria is the site of over 600 shipwrecks and many lost lives; even in Warrnambool’s Lady Bay there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905, with eight lives lost. In 1859 the first Government-built lifeboat arrived at Warrnambool Harbour and a shed was soon built to house it. In 1858 the provision of rocket and mortar apparatus was approved for lifeboat stations in Victoria, and in 1864 a rocket house was built to safely store the rocket rescue equipment. In 1878 the buildings were moved to the Breakwater area, and in 1910 the new Lifeboat Warrnambool arrived with its ‘self-righting’ design. For almost a hundred years the lifeboat and rocket crews, mostly local volunteers, trained regularly to maintain their rescue skills. They were summoned when needed by alarms, gunshots, ringing bells and foghorns. Some became local heroes but all served an important role. By the end of the 1950s the lifeboat and rescue equipment had become obsolete. Rocket Rescue Method - The Government of Victoria adopted lifesaving methods based on Her Majesty’s Coast Guard in Great Britain. It authorised the first line-throwing rescue system in 1858. Captain Manby’s mortar powered a projectile connected to rope, invented in 1808. The equipment was updated to John Dennett’s 8-foot shaft and rocket method that had a longer range of about 250 yards. From the 1860s the breeches buoy and traveller block rocket rescue apparatus was in use. It was suspended on a hawser line and manually pulled to and from the distressed vessel carrying passengers and items. In the early 1870s Colonel Boxer’s rocket rescue method became the standard in Victoria. His two-stage rockets, charged by a gunpowder composition, could fire the line up to 500-600 yards, although 1000 yards range was possible. Boxer’s rocket carried the light line, which was faked, or coiled, in a particular way between pegs in a faking box to prevent twists and tangles when fired. The angle of firing the rocket to the vessel in distress was measured by a quadrant-type instrument on the side of the rocket machine. Decades later, in about 1920, Schermuly invented the line-throwing pistol that used a small cartridge to fire the rocket. The British Board of Trade published instructions for both the beach rescue crew and ship’s crew. It involved setting up the rocket launcher on shore at a particular angle measured by the quadrant, inserting a rocket that had a light-weight line threaded through its shaft, and then firing it across the stranded vessel, the line issuing freely from the faking board. A tally board was then sent out to the ship with instructions in four languages. The ship’s crew would haul on the line to bring out the heavier, continuous whip line, then secure the attached whip block to the mast or other sturdy part the ship. The rescue crew on shore then hauled out a stronger hawser line, which the ship’s crew fixed above the whip block. The hawser was then tightened using the block on the shore end of the whip. The breeches buoy and endless whip are then attached to the traveller block on the hawser, allowing the shore crew to haul the breeches buoy to and from the vessel, rescuing the stranded crew one at a time. This rocket line faking box is significant for its connection with local history, maritime history and marine technology. Lifesaving has been an important part of the services performed from Warrnambool's very early days, supported by State and Local Government, and based on the methods and experience of Great Britain. Hundreds of shipwrecks along the coast are evidence of the rough weather and rugged coastline. Ordinary citizens, the Harbour employees, and the volunteer boat and rescue crew, saved lives in adverse circumstances. Some were recognised as heroes, others went unrecognised. In Lady Bay, Warrnambool, there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905. Many lives were saved but tragically, eight lives were lost.Rocket line faking box with loose fitting lid, painted blue on the outside. Rectangular box has two rope handles within wooden rope holders fixed onto each long side and one at each end. The box has a hook and ring at the base each end for releasing the top from the inserted faking frame. The line faking frame is inside the box. It has seventeen wooden pegs along each long side of the frame and three pegs along each short side. A continuous length of rocket line has been faked around the pegs in a specific pattern.flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck, life-saving, lifesaving, rescue crew, rescue, rocket rescue, maritime accidents, rocket crew, beach rescue, line rescue, rescue equipment, rocket firing equipment, rocket rescue equipment, rocket apparatus, beach apparatus, petticoat breeches, breeches buoy, rocket house, rocket shed, lifeboat men, rocket equipment, rocket machine, rocket head, rocket launcher, rocket line, marine technology, line-firing pistol, line throwing gun, beach rescue set, traveller, hawser, faking, faking box, faked line, lady bay, warrnambool harbour, port of warrnambool, volunteer lifesavers, volunteer crew, breakwater, lifeboat warrnambool, rocket rescue method, rocket rescue apparatus, shore to ship, italian hemp, line-throwing pistol, line throwing cartridge, rocket apparatus rescue, stranded vessel, tally board, light line, whip line, endless whip, petticoat buoy, traveller chair, traveller block, her majesty’s coast guard, harbour board, line thrower, line throwing, beach cart, hand barrow, sand anchor, hawser cutter, life jacket, faking board, welsh hand barrow, rocket set, rocket line faking box, faking frame

The rocket line faking box has a frame inside with a specifically designed perimeter of faking pegs. The rocket shot line has been faked, or skilful wound, around these pegs to prevent it from tangling. The line is stored in the box, ready for attaching to the line throwing rocket. Some line faking boxes have a false base that is removed before firing the line-throwing pistol, leaving the line to feed out from the box when the rocket is fired. After the line is attached to the rocket the box tilted slightly and faced towards the wreck to allow it to be freely dispatched. The equipment often includes more that one faking box to make allowance for possible errors, broken lines or the need for a heavier line. Saving lives in Warrnambool – The coastline of South West Victoria is the site of over 600 shipwrecks and many lost lives; even in Warrnambool’s Lady Bay there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905, with eight lives lost. In 1859 the first Government-built lifeboat arrived at Warrnambool Harbour and a shed was soon built to house it. In 1858 the provision of rocket and mortar apparatus was approved for lifeboat stations in Victoria, and in 1864 a rocket house was built to safely store the rocket rescue equipment. In 1878 the buildings were moved to the Breakwater area, and in 1910 the new Lifeboat Warrnambool arrived with its ‘self-righting’ design. For almost a hundred years the lifeboat and rocket crews, mostly local volunteers, trained regularly to maintain their rescue skills. They were summoned when needed by alarms, gunshots, ringing bells and foghorns. Some became local heroes but all served an important role. By the end of the 1950s the lifeboat and rescue equipment had become obsolete. Rocket Rescue Method - The Government of Victoria adopted lifesaving methods based on Her Majesty’s Coast Guard in Great Britain. It authorised the first line-throwing rescue system in 1858. Captain Manby’s mortar powered a projectile connected to rope, invented in 1808. The equipment was updated to John Dennett’s 8-foot shaft and rocket method that had a longer range of about 250 yards. From the 1860s the breeches buoy and traveller block rocket rescue apparatus was in use. It was suspended on a hawser line and manually pulled to and from the distressed vessel carrying passengers and items. In the early 1870s Colonel Boxer’s rocket rescue method became the standard in Victoria. His two-stage rockets, charged by a gunpowder composition, could fire the line up to 500-600 yards, although 1000 yards range was possible. Boxer’s rocket carried the light line, which was faked, or coiled, in a particular way between pegs in a faking box to prevent twists and tangles when fired. The angle of firing the rocket to the vessel in distress was measured by a quadrant-type instrument on the side of the rocket machine. Decades later, in about 1920, Schermuly invented the line-throwing pistol that used a small cartridge to fire the rocket. The British Board of Trade published instructions for both the beach rescue crew and ship’s crew. It involved setting up the rocket launcher on shore at a particular angle measured by the quadrant, inserting a rocket that had a light-weight line threaded through its shaft, and then firing it across the stranded vessel, the line issuing freely from the faking board. A tally board was then sent out to the ship with instructions in four languages. The ship’s crew would haul on the line to bring out the heavier, continuous whip line, then secure the attached whip block to the mast or other sturdy part the ship. The rescue crew on shore then hauled out a stronger hawser line, which the ship’s crew fixed above the whip block. The hawser was then tightened using the block on the shore end of the whip. The breeches buoy and endless whip are then attached to the traveller block on the hawser, allowing the shore crew to haul the breeches buoy to and from the vessel, rescuing the stranded crew one at a time. This rocket line faking box is significant for its connection with local history, maritime history and marine technology. Lifesaving has been an important part of the services performed from Warrnambool's very early days, supported by State and Local Government, and based on the methods and experience of Great Britain. Hundreds of shipwrecks along the coast are evidence of the rough weather and rugged coastline. Ordinary citizens, the Harbour employees, and the volunteer boat and rescue crew, saved lives in adverse circumstances. Some were recognised as heroes, others went unrecognised. In Lady Bay, Warrnambool, there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905. Many lives were saved but tragically, eight lives were lost.Rocket line faking box with loose fitting lid, painted black on the outside. Rectangular box has two rope handles within wooden rope holders fixed onto each long side and one at each end. The box has a hook and ring at the base each end for releasing the top from the inserted faking frame. The line faking frame is inside the box. It has seventeen wooden pegs along each long side of the frame and three pegs along each short side. A continuous length of rocket line has been faked around the pegs in a specific pattern.flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck, life-saving, lifesaving, rescue crew, rescue, rocket rescue, maritime accidents, rocket crew, beach rescue, line rescue, rescue equipment, rocket firing equipment, rocket rescue equipment, rocket apparatus, beach apparatus, petticoat breeches, breeches buoy, rocket house, rocket shed, lifeboat men, rocket equipment, rocket machine, rocket head, rocket launcher, rocket line, marine technology, line-firing pistol, line throwing gun, beach rescue set, traveller, hawser, faking, faking box, faked line, lady bay, warrnambool harbour, port of warrnambool, volunteer lifesavers, volunteer crew, breakwater, lifeboat warrnambool, rocket rescue method, rocket rescue apparatus, shore to ship, italian hemp, line-throwing pistol, line throwing cartridge, rocket apparatus rescue, stranded vessel, tally board, light line, whip line, endless whip, petticoat buoy, traveller chair, traveller block, her majesty’s coast guard, harbour board, line thrower, line throwing, beach cart, hand barrow, sand anchor, hawser cutter, life jacket, faking board, welsh hand barrow, rocket set, rocket line faking box, faking frame

Contents: p.1-3; Origins, arrival in Australia; p.4-9; How they lived - camp sites, dating (including carbon dating); p.10-27; Physical appearance, skin colour, hair, clothing, body ornaments, cicatrization; exchange system, distribution of food, marriage &? sexual relations; the tribe - structure, relationship to land, territory, gives map showing locations of tribes, New South Wales, Victoria &? eastern South Australia, leadership, government, division of labour, status of women, estimated population at white settlement, density of population (Victoria); p.28-31; Language - names &? naming, reproduces Wembawemba vocabulary, notes use of secret languages, gives 12 rules for pronounciation; p.32-53; Religion, spirit beliefs, totemism, moieties, phratries, marriage rules; mythology, gives eaglehawk &? crow myth from Lake Victoria &? other myths illustrating origins of fire &? natural rock formations, mythical beasts (Bunyip, Mindie), stellar beliefs; magic, medicine men, powers, native remedies for sickness, describes ceremony held in Melbourne, 1847 to avert evil, sorcery, pointing bone, love magic, rain makers; messengers, appearance, etiquette, message sticks; p.54-71; Rock art, motifs, colours, decorative art, engraving of utensils, rock engravings, manufacture &? use of pigments, engraving techniques; trade system, objects bartered, meeting places for trade (Victoria), map shows possible routes (south east Australia); corroborees, purpose, body ornaments &? decorations, musical instruments; p.72-93; Ceremonial life, marriage, punishment for infidelity, birth, childhood, games &? amusements, initiation, etiquette of visiting tribes, details of ceremony, womens role, earth figures &? ground designs, bull roarers, female puberty ceremonies; p.94-133; Shelters, fire making, cooking, construction of canoes, wooden implements, use of reeds, animal skins &? sinews, shells; stone tools, cylindro conical stones, scrapers, knives &? microliths; hunting weapons, spear, other methods pits, nets; fishing methods &? spears, traps; food sharing, womens responsibilities for collecting, digging stick, cooking methods, insect foods, plant foods, water resources; manufacture &? use of spears, spear throwers, shields, clubs, boomerangs; inter- &? intratribal fighting; p.134-147; Death, disposal of body - eating of the dead, burial, cremation, platform exposure, dendroglyphs (N.S.W.), Aboriginal burial grounds (Darling &? Murray Rivers), mourning, widowhood, kopi caps (N.S.W.), causes of death, inquest ceremonies, revenge expedition, after death beliefs; p.148-157; The end of the tribes white settlement &? its impact on Aboriginal life, friction between natives &? settlers, establishment of Protectorates; copiously illustrated throughout.maps, b&w illustrations, b&w photographswemba wemba, murray river, darling river, lake victoria

2 Gold coloured oblong tin with a hinged lid which has black decoration and text on the lid. BX020.1 has a card insert with a cartoon image of a man driving a car and text."The METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF AUSTRALASIA SYSTEMATIC GIVING LEAGUE SYSTEMATIC GIVING BOX THE OBLIGATION: Ye then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. THE METHOD: On the first day of the week let every one of you lay by in store, as God hath prospered him. THE REWARD: Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you." BX020 "This recently discovered Genuine Antique Collection Tin from the first years of this century, was produced to support missionaries when their stipend was less thank 200 pounds per year. It is being used in 1972 to help raise stipends above the present $2066."

This Carte-de-viste (CdV) previously belonged to the donor's grandfather, Daniel Mullins who was a Police Officer stationed at Glenrowan soon after the Kelly gang siege. It is unclear; however, whether or not the man depicted in the photograph is Daniel Mullins or a different police officer. The Police Station at Glenrowan depicted in this CdV stood during the events of the Kelly gang's siege. Today, the siege has become an important part of Australian culture and Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang (comprising of Ned Kelly, Dan Kelly, Steve Hart and Joe Byrne) has become ingrained in Australian history and mythology. A CdV is a sepia toned photograph mounted on card and is generally of a small size. This particular style was first patented by Andre Adolphe Eugene Disdéri (1819-1889) in 1854. In 1857, the CdV was introduced to England and after photographs of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their family were taken using CdV in 1860 the popularity of this method reached a peak. This photograph is part of the Burke Museum "Kelly album" which includes a significant collection of photographs and artefacts connected to Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang. Ned Kelly and his gang have become ingrained in Australian popular culture and thus many museums, art galleries and private collections house material connected to the Kelly story which allows the events and people to be researched and interpreted. Items pertaining to the Kelly gang, including photographs like this one which depicts a police officer standing outside of the Glenrowan Police Station, are of great historical significance. Photographs like this can provide valuable information on the architecture, lifestyle and dress of colonial Australia. When studied, photographs have the ability to shed more light on the events of the Kelly gang and colonial Australia. This photograph is also of artistic significance because of the popularity of the CdV during the nineteenth century.A sepia toned photograph mounted on grey card with rounded corners. The image has been captured by an unknown photographer and depicts the outside the Glenrowan Police Station. In front of the Station stands an unidentified policeman and lying on the ground behind the policeman is a medium sized dog with dark colouring. The Police Station depicted in this photograph is a classic example of Australian country colonial architecture typically seen dating to the nineteenth century. It has the typical features of an Australian colonial 'miners' cottage' with the gable roof and a skillion at rear. A white picket fence is stands between the Station and the policeman. A small building is located at the rear of the Station which may have served as a lockup.BMM 8083kelly album, glenrowan, police, police station, photograph, ned kelly, australia, colonial australia, victoria, james bray, william e barnes, daniel mullins

Bentwood furniture is a type of furniture made by bending wooden rods into the required shape after they have been heated with steam. Mundus bentwood chairs are among the most successful examples of early mass-produced furniture. The inventor of manufacturing chairs using this method was Gebrüder Thonet. The subject item was made at Josef Jaworek small factory that produced bentwood chairs and was the only Polish member associated with the Mundus furniture company of Vienna. This company was founded in 1907 and Mundus went on to merge with J & J Kohn in August of 1914. Mundus furniture was a significant manufacturing company, active in several places in the Austro Hungarian Empire, at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century. Factories seem to have existed in multiple locations including Poland. Their products carry diverse labels, such as "Budapest", "Borlova", "Czechoslovakia", etc, some of the furniture was co-signed with "Jacob and Josef Kohn". Mundus also merged with Gebrüder Thonet in 1922 the inventor of the bentwood chair.The subject item is believed to be associated with the original Warrnambool Town Hall and would have been part of the buildings furnishings. The town Hall played a significant role in both local government and social events of local and district areas. It was not only a place for Council meetings but community events and social events. The item is significant as it is an early example of mass-produced manufactured furniture from a company in Austria that pioneered this type of furniture around the turn of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This item is now regarded as a collector's piece giving it additional significance and interest.Bentwood chair (2 of 4), painted black, inner back is curled loop. Seat has leather cover, attached with studs. Ventilation holes under seat in star pattern. Splayed legs with bracing ring. Marks: pressed into some legs, under seat, paper label on rim under seat says the chair is made in Austrla.Marks: "3" is pressed into some legs, chalk letters under seat "RS", makers label, cream with dark print; on either side are 2 coins, top left coin has bust of a man, top right has an emblem with 1885 under it. Text of label "MOBEL-FABRIKEN / von / JOSEF JAWOREK / Teschen, osterr, Schlesien"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, bentwood chair, café chair, restaurant chair, josef jaworek, austrian chairs, furniture, gebrüder thonet

Edith CURNOW (1913–2003) Ballarat | Australia Edith Gertrude Curnow undertook Industrial Art teacher training at the Ballarat Technical Art School, with a five-year Senior Technical Scholarship, between 1926 and 1931. She taught for a time before marrying compositor James Lawn in 1937. She reportedly continued to teach at the Ballarat Technical Art School as Edith Lawn. She retired in 1972 at which time she was the Lecturer in Charge of Craft Edith Lawn was a member of inaugural Ballarat School of Mines Old Girls Association, and served as first Press Correspondent. Her daughter, Valda Lawn (later D'Angri) also attended and taught at the School. One of the subjects Curnow studied was Historic Ornament. This subject spanned time and space to inform and inspire designers. Students studied the influences of history, geography, culture and climate on ornamental aesthetics, including the tools, materials and methods applied to decorative objects, interior design and architecture.Two books containing student notes and drawing relating to courses at the Ballarat techncial Art School in 1931. The work was undertaken by Edith Curnow. .1) - Foolscap red covered book on Historic Ornament. Includes History of Ornament, Egyptian Ornament, Assyrian Ornament; Greek Ornament, Roman Ornament, Pompeian Ornament, Byzantine, Romanesque Ornament, Norman, Decorated Gothic, Perpendicular Gothic, Renaissance. .2) Green quarto book on Historic Ornament Part 2: Costume. The work includes Egyptian Costume, Greek Costume, Roman Costume, Richard I, Crusades, Edward III, Charles I, Charles II, George II.ballarat school of mines, ballarat technical art school, art history, edith lawn, edith curnow, val lawn, val d'angri, curnow, lawn, ornament, costume., ballarat technical art school library, artists workbook, journal, historic ornament, university women, ballarat school of mines old girls association

Bentwood furniture is a type of furniture made by bending wooden rods into the required shape after they have been heated with steam. Mundus bentwood chairs are among the most successful examples of early mass-produced furniture. The inventor of manufacturing chairs using this method was Gebrüder Thonet. The subject item was made at Josef Jaworek small factory that produced bentwood chairs and was the only Polish member associated with the Mundus furniture company of Vienna. This company was founded in 1907 and Mundus went on to merge with J & J Kohn in August of 1914. Mundus furniture was a significant manufacturing company, active in several places in the Austro Hungarian Empire, at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century. Factories seem to have existed in multiple locations including Poland. Their products carry diverse labels, such as "Budapest", "Borlova", "Czechoslovakia", etc, some of the furniture was co-signed with "Jacob and Josef Kohn". Mundus also merged with Gebrüder Thonet in 1922 the inventor of the bentwood chair.The subject item is believed to be associated with the original Warrnambool Town Hall and would have been part of the buildings furnishings. The town Hall played a significant role in both local government and social events of local and district areas. It was not only a place for Council meetings but community events and social events. The item is significant as it is an early example of mass-produced manufactured furniture from a company in Austria that pioneered this type of furniture around the turn of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This item is now regarded as a collector's piece giving it additional significance and interest.Bentwood chair (3 of 4), painted black, inner back is curled loop. Seat is plain wood (replacing original). Splayed legs with bracing ring. Marks; Stamped into wood under seat, a small paper label and a label, cream with dark print. Paper label on rim under seat says the chair is made in Austria.Marks; Stamped into wood under seat is "49" and a small paper label with "49". Makers label, cream with dark print; on either side are 2 coins, top left coin has bust of a man, top right has an emblem with 1885 under it. Text of label "MOBEL-FABRIKEN / von / JOSEF JAWOREK / Teschen, osterr, Schlesien" flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, bentwood chair, café chair, restaurant chair, josef jaworek, austrian chairs, furniture, gebrüder thonet

The Boer War Memorial was created by sculptor James White in honour of Australian Soldiers who fought in the South African War (1899-1902). White used the electrolytic copper deposit method to produce this large statue, which is sometimes mistaken for a cast bronze work. The Foundation stone was laid on 18 May 1901 by H.R.H The Duke of York (George V). The sculpture was unveiled on the 1st November 1906 by His Excellency Baron Northcote G.C.I.E., C.B. Governor General of Australia and then Mayor of Ballarat, J. J. Brokenshire. Bravery and mateship are beautifully captured in depiction of a scene taken straight from the battlegrounds. Today the memorial is a much-photographed tribute and exploration of the friendships and struggles of men at war. A proud cavalry horse bears the weight of two men in the chaos of the battlefield. The Boer War in Africa was an early example of the Australian Colonies sacrificing men and equipment for Britain to defend it’s Empire against colonial insurgence. The memorial is of historical and aesthetic significance to the people of Ballarat.Horse and figures, bronze mounted on bluestone base and granite plinth, plaques list the war dead. The artwork depicts two soldiers and a horse. A British soldier is being succoured by an Australian mounted rifleman. In honour of Australian Soldiers who fought in South Africa 1899-1902. Foundation stone laid 18th May 1901 by H.R.H The Duke of York (George V). Unveiled 1st November 1906 by His Excellency Baron Northcote G.C.I.E., C.B. Governor General of Australia. J. H. Barker Chairman. J. J. Brokenshire Mayorboer war, south africa monument

There are three, black Bakelite, wall mounted, crank handle telephones across the lightstation; one in the former assistant keeper’s quarters, and two in the former head keeper’s quarters. The phone has instructions for its use on the crank dial. Two have a coiled handset cord, which dates the phone to just after 1949 when these came into use. The third has a smooth cord and must pre date 1949. Another much older wall mounted phone remains in the lighthouse. The four telephones at Gabo Island formed an intercom system that facilitated communication between the lighthouse and lightstation buildings. They demonstrate the necessity for employing various methods of communication in a remotely located lighthouse as well as communication between the lightstation buildings. Telephones of the same wall mounted, crank dial type remain at Cape Otway, Point Hicks. As fixtures, the telephones belong to the building fabric and are included in the existing listing of the Gabo Island Lightstation in the Victorian Heritage Register (H1773). These intact items of equipment have first level contributory significance for their historic value and provenance.Black bakelite telephone, wall mounted with reciever/ handset on spiral cord attached to the body of the phone. There is a crank handle attached to the front of the telephone.On dial under crank handle. Outer perimeter of circular LABEL,"TO CALL:-TURN HANDLE & LIFT HANDSET / WHEN FINISHED PEPLACE HANDSET & TURN HANDLE"

Photo shows, (L-R): Luke Bayley; Ray Henderson; Chris Robinson; Ann Henderson; Lesley Finedon, assessing successful stream side rehabilitation at Bev DeJong and Bob Dunnett's place during a paddock demonstration and tree planting field day, called 'Really Successful Tree Planting!' run by Wooragee Landcare on Sunday 20th June 2004. Maintaining and reforesting native trees, shrubs and grasses are really important for a variety of reasons, including creating native habitat and food for birds and other animals, shade, biodiversity, visual appeal, cooling, shade for urban areas, sequestering carbon and conservation among other considerations. The planting must be consistent with the particular needs of the environment, such as trees or shrubs which would naturally occur and are native to the area. Tree planting demonstrations such as this one run by the Landcare Group ensures that the projects are being managed consistently with an overarching commitment to land protection and management and the best methods for best outcomes are employed.This photograph is significant as it provides evidence of a project undertaken by the Wooragee Landcare Group to educate themselves and members of the public on successful techniques needed to plant and maintain trees for replanting in the Wooragee area. The Wooragee Landcare Group has been instrumental in the co-ordination of programs relating to biodiversity protection in the local area, providing great assistance to landholders.Landscape coloured photograph printed on gloss paper.Reverse: WAN NA 0ANA2N0 NNN-1 1636/ [PRINTED] (No.23)/936/wooragee landcare, wooragee landcare group, beechworth, landcare group, wooragee, tree planting, successful tree planting, demonstration, paddock demonstration, tree planting field day, really successful tree planting, land protection and management, land management, native trees, conservation

Braille hand frames and styluses were the primary way to produce Braille for over a century. The stylus was used to make a separate indentation for each dot, and the hand frame to keep dots within the same cell. Braille rows are produced from right to left. The process was very time consuming. Volunteer transcribers for the library could take an average of ½ hour to produce one page of Braille using this method. For example: “Oliver Twist” required approximately 600 sheets equating to 300 hours of work! This wooden slate, which was used to make the system portable, served as a firm base needed to sustain puncture pressure. The frame can also be slotted into both sides of the slate, thereby ensuring that the lines of Braille were straight across the page. The metal clasp at the top of the frame held the wooden which kept paper from slipping. In this example, the Rules of Membership for the Victorian Braille Writers were attached to the board.1 wooden back board with metal hand frame and stylus156 carved into wooden framebraille equipment, victorian association of braille writers

Braille hand frames and styluses were the primary way to produce Braille for over a century. The stylus was used to make a separate indentation for each dot, and the hand frame to keep dots within the same cell. Braille rows are produced from right to left. The process was very time consuming. Volunteer transcribers for the library could take an average of ½ hour to produce one page of Braille using this method. For example: “Oliver Twist” required approximately 600 sheets equating to 300 hours of work! Various metal hand frames accompanied by a metal stylus with wooden handle. Some include a wooden slate, which was used to make the system portable as a firm base was needed to sustain puncture pressure. The frame can also be slotted into both sides of the slate, thereby ensuring that the lines of Braille were straight across the page. Transcribing maths was an extremely complex task and a metal grid was utilised to reproduce graphs and diagrams.1 wooden hand frame with metal grid and metal and wooden stylus, 1 metal maths grid with metal pegs in metal container inside a brown suitcase and numerous sheets of Braille paperT.C. Coughlin 5 doz sausage rolls Wilmington Southend is written inside the lid of the suitcasebraille equipment, james murphy

Binishells are reinforced concrete thin-shell structures that are lifted and shaped by air pressure. They were invented in the 1960s by Dante Bini, who built 1,600 of them in 23 countries.Colour photograph of a distinctive architectural feature known as a Binishell on the Gippsland campus. The large reinforced concrete dome is shaped and lifted by air pressure. Its inventor, architect Dr. Dante Bini, directed the construction of the Binishell in December 1979. The eleven metre high binishell, used 300 tons of concrete and reinforcing steel, was inflated by a large membrane in around one hour, using Dr. Dante Bini's ferrocement method. The Binishell was used as a place for exams and graduations. Reactive clay in the soil caused the footings of the binishell to twist, subsequently causing the shell to crack. The resulting damage diminished structural integrity, resulting in the Binishell not being used in 2004 and early 2005 while a new structure support was installed. Normal use of the building was resumed in Semester 1 2005. Eventually the external thermal membrane started to fail, and on 14 February 2009, the Binishell was demolished, with new auditorium built at the campus for classes, graduation ceremonies, exams and conferences.gippsland campus collection, binishell

This Gestetner Cyclostyle duplicating machine was invented and manufactured by David Gestetner. He claimed in 1922, once he had released several models, that if a Gestetner Durotype stencil was used together with his Cyclostyle machine, then 10,000 copies could be made from the one Durotype stencil, an amazing claim for office technology of that era. David Gestetner (1854-1939), was born in Csoma, Hungary. He has been called the “founder of the worldwide office copying and duplicator industry.). He moved to London and in 1879 filed his first copying patent. In 1881 he patented the Cyclostyle stylus (or pen), which was used in conjunction with his Cyclograph device for copying text and images, He established the Gestetner Cyclograph Company in England at this time (1881) to protect his inventions and to produce his products; stencils, stylos (stylus or pen) and ink rollers. HIs inventions included nail-clipper and the ball-point pen (although the latter is more commonly associated with Laszlo Biro). Gestetner’s patented Cyclograph duplicator was used with his Cyclostyle Stylus or pen to write or draw on special thin wax-coated stencil paper (originally used for kite making paper) in the following way; 1. The Cyclostyle stencil was placed on a lower, framed metal plate of the Cyclograph 2. An upper frame was clipped over the top 3. The Cyclostyle pen, with its tip being a small metal-spiked or toothed wheel, was used to write or draw on the stencil, punched small holes into the paper and removed the wax coating in those places 4. The upper frame and stencil was then removed and a piece of blank paper was placed onto the metal plate in the lower frame and the upper frame with stencil was replaced 5. A roller was given an even distribution of Cyclostyle ink and rolled by hand over the stencil in the frame. This forced the ink through the holes in the stencil to and made a copy of the stencil on the paper 6. The upper frame was raised, the printed paper removed and another blank sheet was put into place. The whole process was repeated until enough copies were made. Gestetner’s invention developed further in 1894, with a stencil that could be placed on a screen on a revolving drum. The drum was manually rotated, the stencil then wrapped around another drum and was fed between cloth-covered rollers on which ink was evenly spread. Each revolution of the drum forced ink through the holes in the stencil and transferred the ink onto paper that had been fed between rollers and pressed against the drum. The process was repeated for each page. The paper was still fed and removed manually in this earlier invention but became more automatic in later models. In 1902 Gestetner duplicator model 6 was put onto the market. This model included the improvement of an automatic paper feed that synchronised with the rotation of the stencil. The Gestetner machine was the first office printing machine. It was easily installed and it made exact copies of the sane document quickly, effectively and inexpensively. This changed the way offices operated, making information easily available to many more users. The machines were commonly used in small businesses, schools, churches, clubs and other organisations for the wide distribution of a wide variety of information in the form of worksheets, newsletters and more. In 1906 the Gestetner Works were opened in Tottenham Hale, North London, and thousands of people were employed there up until the 1970’s. Due to the fast growing success of the Gestetner Duplicator machines many international branches for sales and service centres were established. David Gestetner was succeeded by his son Sigmund, followed by his grandson’s David and Jonathan. Further advancement was made by using a manual typewriter with specifically designed stencils. The end product was a printed, typewritten copy similar to the print from newspapers and booklets. In the next few years there were further developments of this revolutionary invention. The Gestetner Cyclostyle duplicator in our Collection is dated c.1922 - 1929 and it uses Gestetner Durotype stencils The 1922 British Industries Fair’s catalogue contained advertising for the Gestetner Rotary Cyclostyle “The World’s Premier Duplicator”, demonstrated at Stand K 86.” A Notice at the foot of the advertisement’s page boasts "Important - D Gestetner's latest invention, the "Durotype" Stencil, enables you to obtain 10,000 copies from one original if desired. It contains no wax of any description, is indestructible, can be stored indefinitely and printed from as required” In 1929 the look of the Gestetner machines changed; American designer Raymond Loewy was invited by Gestetner to improve the look of his duplicators, resulting in a very streamlined appearance. Eventually, around 1960’s, offices replaced their Gestetner with small photocopying machines and printers. Gestetner took over ownership of other office machine companies over time, including Nashua, Rex Rotary, Hanimex and Savin and eventually all came under the holding company name of NRG (Nashuatech, Rex Rotary and Gestetner). In 1996 Ricoh acquired the Gestetner Company, and it was renamed the NRG Group. REFERENCES Cyclostyle, Stencil Duplicating Machines, antique Copying Machines, Early Office Museum, http://www.officemuseum.com/copy_machines.htm Duplicating machines, Wikipedia Duplicator, Collection online, Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation http://techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/collection-item.php?id=1989.0229.001 Gestetner duplicators, Totterham-Summerhillroad.com http://tottenham-summerhillroad.com/gestetner_duplicators_tottenham.htm Gestetner Duplicator, V&A Museum http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O322014/gestetner-duplicator-duplicator-loewy-raymond-fernand/ Gestetner, Grace’s Guide to British Industrial History, http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Gestetner Duplicating machines such as this one revolutionalised access to copies of printed material, changing the way that educational bodies, offices, small businesses and community clubs and charities operated.Duplicating machine, Gestetner Cyclostyle Durotype, a stencil-method duplicating machine with two rotating drums plus rollers. Hand operated, tabletop office machine. Front has folding Bakelite handle, oil filling hole, calibrating gauge with scale, and copy counting meter. Right side has printed manufacturer’s plate that slides out as a paper output tray. Left side has metal plate with protrusions and perforations, plus another similar plate that is detached. It also has a metal frame attached [that would have been used to hold a paper input board, adjusted for various sizes of paper]. Cover, metal, with folding wooden handle on top, attaches to base with metal clips. Inscriptions printed on machine, mostly in gold-coloured paint. Round metal manufacturing plate is stamped with Serial Number 95759. Made by D. Gestetner, London, c.1922-1929Maker’s plate “MANUFACTURED / BY / D. GESTETNER LTD, / No. 95759 / CYCLOSTYLE WORKS / TOTTENHAM HALE / LONDON, N” Copy counting meter shows “1 4 6 4 8 [space]“ copies. Calibrating gauge has divisions with numbers “0 1 2“, labelled “← [left arrow] “TO PRINT LOWER” and “→ [right arrow], TO PRINT HIGHER”. “The Gestetner”, “Cyclostyle”, “Gestetner” (Trade Mark), Right side print of manufacturing details includes “The / Gestetner / TRADE MARK” And “THE FOLLOWING TRAFE MARKS / - - - OF INK, STENCILS / - - - AND GUARANTEE OF PERFECT / - - - BOTH - - - AND MACHINE” and “CYCLOSTYLE / DUROTYPE / GESTETNER” and “D. Gestetner” flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, office machine, copying machine, gestetner machine, duplicating machine, duplicator, stencil machine, gestetner cyclograph company, cyclograph, cyclostyle, d. gestetner ltd, gestetner durotype stencils, gestetner cyclostyle, printing machine, office technology, durotype stencils, david gestetner, raymond loewy, roneo, rotary duplicatorten, mimeo, mimeograph machine, roneograph copier

From the vantage point of the colonised, the term 'research' is inextricably linked with European colonialism; the way in which scientific research has been implicated in the worst excesses of imperialism remains a powerful remembered history for many of the world's colonised peoples. Here, an indigenous researcher issues a clarion call for the decolonisation of research methods. In the first part of the book, the author critically examines the historical and philosophical base of Western research. Extending the work of Foucault, she explores the intersections of imperialism, knowledge and research; en route she provides a history of knowledge from the Enlightenment to postcoloniality. The second part of the book meets an urgent demand: people who are carrying out their own research projects need literature which validates their frustrations in dealing with various Western paradigms. In setting an agenda for planning and implementing indigenous research, the author shows how such programmes are part of the wider project of reclaiming control over indigenous ways of knowing and being.tables, diagramscolonisation, research, imperialsim

The story of 90 years of wool classing between father & son begins in 1936, when a young boy by the name of Stanley James Hucker walked through the doors of the Gordon Technical School in Geelong. Born in 1921, Stanley was 15 years of age when he began his 3-year course in Wool Classing. 30 years later, Stanley’s second son Denis completed the same 3-year wool classing course. Beginning in 1966, Denis attended the same Gordon Technical School and walked the same halls as his father before him. Stanley finished his course in 1938. He went back to the family farm in Lake Bolac for a brief period before enrolling in the Second World War. At the completion of the war, Stanley returned home and married before gaining a soldier settler allotment, north of Willaura. This enabled Stan to use his wool classing knowledge. He ran between 1,500 and 2,000 sheep for many years, while his wool classer stencil also allowed him to go out and class at various sheds around the area. He held his stencil from 1938 until he retired at the age of 60 in 1981. On retirement, his second son Denis was working in the district, managing a local property while also leasing land himself. Upon his father’s retirement, Denis had the opportunity to lease his father’s farm, an opportunity he could not refuse. Denis had finished his wool classing course at the Gordon Technical School in 1968, graduating dux of his class. He began working with a local contractor and started classing wool in his team. Denis gained a great deal of experience working as part of this team in big sheds of up to 8 stands servicing between 10 & 20,000 sheep. It was not all smooth sailing for Denis however, and he soon learnt an important lesson. Class wool the way you’re taught, don’t listen to the owner standing over your shoulder. At a clip of Corriedales near Casterton, Denis was pushing too many fleeces into the line of fine wool. This resulted in a notice from the Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX) “mixing counts too much, submit three clips for inspection”. Denis was able to submit 3 clips with no further complaints, however, this proved a valuable lesson he would never forget over his long career classing wool. In the early 1980s, when Denis was leasing two properties including his father’s, things were going well until drought struck. February 1983 was the date of the Ash Wednesday bushfires, and saw Melbourne have three days over 40 °C for only the second time on record. This period saw Denis give away farming, turning towards contracting work instead. After the difficult times of the early 1980s, the next two decades were a good time for the sheep industry. 15 micron wool was selling for prices between 4 to 5,000 cents per kilo, double what you’d expect for the same wool in 2022. In 1995 a single bale of wool sold for a million dollars. This was a good time for Denis too. His contracting work saw him employing local shearers and shed staff. His team was involved with the shearing and classing of more than 130,000 sheep. After 20 years of contracting, it was time for Denis to transition into the next phase of his life. He gave up independent contracting, preferring instead to return to being a member of someone else’s team. In 2018, having completed 50 years of wool classing, it was time to call it a day and retire completely. At the annual Gordon Wool School Old Students Association dinner held in 2018, Denis was presented with his 50 years as a registered wool classer stencil awarded by the Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX). This is a rare honour achieved by few. As of February 2020, a total of 430 wool classers had achieved this 50-year milestone. For Denis however, his proudest achievement is achieving 90 years of wool classing with his father. The National Wool Museum is proud to share the collection of objects gained from 90 years in the wool classing industry by Stanley and Denis. This ranges from Stanley’s first stencil and Wool Sample book, started when he first attended the Gordon in 1936. The collection concludes 90 years later with Denis’ 50 years of wool classing Stencil. The collection contains many more objects, all telling the story of these 90 years, and the hard work invested by this dedicated father and son duo. This is the fourth in a series of 5 wool classing exercise books. They were written by Stanley Hucker in his time at the Gordon Technical College from 1936-1938. This book begins in a white cover with blue ink illustrations and writing. It has a centrepiece-coloured emblem of King George VI & Queen Elizabeth with flags of the Union Jack & Australia in background. Internally, the book is handwritten on yellowed pages with blue lines for the assistance in clarity of handwriting. The pages are also surrounded by a margin of red pen. The exercise book’s content is about wool studies relating to the health and productivity of wool sheep. It is handwritten. A selection of pages have been photographed to give an impression of the information taught in classes, 90 years ago. This includes information about: - Wool scouring - Shearing - Lamb marking - Breeding - Fellmongering - Comparison between wool and artificial fibres - Characteristics of good wool - Wool selling methods - Established studs in Victoria - Award rates (1937-38)Front Cover. Wording, printed and handwritten. “CORONATION / EXERCISE BOOK / NAME Stanley Hucker / GRADE SUBJECT Wool / SCHOOL Gordon Front Cover. Illustration’s colour, printed. King George VI & Queen Elizabeth with flags of the Union Jack & Australia in background.gordon institute geelong, wool classing, 1930s sheep farming, 90 years wool classing between father & son

Demonstrates and yields information about the considerations made for Weekly Tickets during the late 1920's.Set of handmade or hand written sheets regarding weekly tickets in Ballarat - using ink and pencil .1 - handwritten double foolscap sheet - titled "Weekly Tickets Ballarat" and dated 2/6/28 - sets out an extensive table of section, length, existing fares, present weekly and proposed tickets - 12 trips and 24? trips. Sets out conditions, current sales and notes. .2 - set of two Foolscap ruled sheets - titled "Weekly Tickets" detailing where they would be sold (the Showroom), the method of sales and accounting practices and when it can be used, reflects back to 1921 practices. Has a hand written section on the rear on the first sheets (images i2 to i4) .3 - single foolscap ruled sheet with further notes on weekly tickets (in light red ink), with two possible sketches of possible tickets on the rear in pencil. See also Reg Item 8029 for a 3-10-1926 document.On the outside of the first sheet "Mr Knox" in blue pencil.trams, tramways, tickets, esco, weekly tickets

Yield information and demonstrates the SEC's attitude to trams in Bendigo and their finances.Report 15 Foolscap sheets, duplicated and three attachments, was stapled in the top left hand corner, titled "Evidence to be given at the inquiry into Public Transport Facilities at Bendigo" Presented 28/5/1968. Details the history of the Bendigo system, take over by the SEC and the conditions of that take over by the SEC, reconstruction, financial losses incurred by the SEC, decline in passengers, its suitability, condition of the infrastructure and rolling stock. Its unsuitability to extend, effectiveness of the Geelong conversion, ability of private bus operators, tramway employees, methods of abandonment, tram tracks, overhead and impact on the electricity supply system. Has a table showing the income and losses and population from 1935 to 1967, a coloured graphical presentation of tramway statistics, sheet of Fares and Charges for Ballarat. Attached to the rear of the document was an advertisement for Ballarat Tramways fare sections (See Reg Item 8039) See Reg Item 8046 for a separate map which may have been part of this report. trams, tramways, reports, closure, bendigo, history, buses, submissions

Jessica PRICE (1996- ) Born Busselton, Western Australia In 2017 Jessica Price completed a Bachelor of Arts (Fine Arts) Printmaking at the Federation University Arts Academy. A general theme in her work is nature to reveal the beauty of God in nature. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Four limited edition screenprints with fineliner printed on Somerset Satin White paper. Artist's Statement: I am a practising printmaking artist and enjoy experimenting with various forms of print including chine colle, screenprinting and monoprint. I also enjoy drawing and painting, and hope to expand my practise to incorporate all these methods to create a unique style of artwork for myself. I am constantly in awe of the delicacy and grandeur of creation. I find that bringing this concept and theme thorughout my work using a botanical like approach not only expresses a part of who I am, but connects me with the creator of the universe. My hope is that by making these works I can create a similar experience for my viewers, as well as celebrate the master craftsmanship of the creator. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.1/1jessica price, screenprint, printmaking, flora, alumni, bee, australian nature

Tramway Inspectors table holder - two sheets of Perspex with a ruled card between them held with an elastic or rubber band. Use by Inspectors to hold headway cards which they hand wrote out to suit themselves and their method of monitoring services. Inspector's would use a soft pencil on the Perspex sheet to mark off the services as they past their monitoring point. Normally the card would be used to note the suburban terminus departure time, city arrival time, their monitoring point, eg a junction, and other major points. They could also record crew change overs for meals and with other trams on them and what runs their next did. (Advice from Peter Winspur 24-3-2016) Five additional blank copies of the cards from a donation of Kevin Tierney added 5/8/2016. Addition blank card from donation of Gavin Young added 22/12/2020.trams, tramways, mmtb, timetables, buses, trams, inspectors

Small catalogue for an auction sale at the New Garfield Gold Mine at Chewton, Vic. Auction of Mining Plant, Buildings and Equipment was held on 19th March 1947 by Order of the Mine's Department. J. H. Curnow & Son Pty Ltd. Were the auctioneers. Contains description of machinery, poppet legs and steel smoke stack.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - new garfield gold mine, mine's department, j h curnow & son pty ltd, prahran telegraph printing co

This set of Victorian era wooden sand pegs was part of the equipment used by the Rocket Rescue Crew when attending a shipwreck. The broad pegs were designed to give a strong grip on soft sand and soil. The pegs could be used with the sand anchor as well as to give a stronger hold on the tripod holding the hawser. The same design is still available today and is used by the Army and by campers. The rocket rescue crews used a sand anchor at a beach rescue site to weigh down the rescue apparatus. The crew would connect the shackle to the other cable on the anchor and to the loose steel cable to form a triangle with the cable lengths. They would then bury the anchor in about a 0.75-meter trench, keeping the free end of the cable above the surface. This end of the cable was then connected to a block that was attached to the heavy hawser line. The block and a crotch pole were used to keep the hawser line high and taught as the survivors were hauled to shore on a line or in a breeches buoy. Saving lives in Warrnambool – The coastline of South West Victoria is the site of over 600 shipwrecks and many lost lives; even in Warrnambool’s Lady Bay there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905, with eight lives lost. In 1859 the first Government-built lifeboat arrived at Warrnambool Harbour and a shed was soon built to house it. In 1858 the provision of rocket and mortar apparatus was approved for lifeboat stations in Victoria, and in 1864 a rocket house was built to safely store the rocket rescue equipment. In 1878 the buildings were moved to the Breakwater area, and in 1910 the new Lifeboat Warrnambool arrived with its ‘self-righting’ design. For almost a hundred years the lifeboat and rocket crews, mostly local volunteers, trained regularly to maintain their rescue skills. They were summoned when needed by alarms, gunshots, ringing bells and foghorns. Some became local heroes but all served an important role. By the end of the 1950s, the lifeboat and rescue equipment had become obsolete. Rocket Rescue Method - The Government of Victoria adopted lifesaving methods based on Her Majesty’s Coast Guard in Great Britain. It authorised the first line-throwing rescue system in 1858. Captain Manby’s mortar powered a projectile connected to a rope, invented in 1808. The equipment was updated to John Dennett’s 8-foot shaft and rocket method that had a longer range of about 250 yards. From the 1860s the breeches buoy apparatus was in use. The apparatus was suspended on a hawser line and manually pulled to and from the distressed vessel carrying passengers and items. In the early 1870s Colonel Boxer’s rocket rescue method became the standard in Victoria. His two-stage rockets, charged by a gunpowder composition, could fire the line up to 500-600 yards, although 1000 yards range was possible. Boxer’s rocket carried the light line, which was faked, or coiled, in a particular way between pegs in a faking box to prevent twists and tangles when fired. The angle of firing the rocket to the vessel in distress was measured by a quadrant-type instrument on the side of the rocket machine. Decades later, in about 1920, Schermuly invented the line-throwing pistol that used a small cartridge to fire the rocket. The British Board of Trade published instructions for both the beach rescue crew and ship’s crew. It involved setting up the rocket launcher on shore at a particular angle measured by the quadrant, inserting a rocket that had a lightweight line threaded through its shaft, and then firing it across the stranded vessel, the line issuing freely from the faking board. A tally board was then sent out to the ship with instructions in four languages. The ship’s crew would haul on the line to bring out the heavier, continuous whip line, then secure the attached whip block to the mast or other sturdy part of the ship. The rescue crew on shore then hauled out a stronger hawser line, which the ship’s crew fixed above the whip block. The hawser was then tightened using the block on the shore end of the whip. The breeches buoy and endless whip are then attached to the traveller block on the hawser, allowing the shore crew to haul the breeches buoy to and from the vessel, rescuing the stranded crew one at a time. This set of sand pegs would have been used with sand anchor that is part of the rocket rescue equipment . It is significant for its connection with local history, maritime history and marine technology. Lifesaving has been an important part of the services performed from Warrnambool's very early days, supported by State and Local Government, and based on the methods and experience of Great Britain. Hundreds of shipwrecks along the coast are evidence of the rough weather and rugged coastline. Ordinary citizens, the Harbour employees, and the volunteer boat and rescue crew, saved lives in adverse circumstances. Some were recognised as heroes, others went unrecognised. In Lady Bay, Warrnambool, there were around 16 known shipwrecks between 1850 and 1905. Many lives were saved but tragically, eight lives were lost.Peg or spike; set of twelve wooden pegs, painted red. Pages have a long, thick square shank with bevelled side edges, flat top with broad hook on one side of the top and a point at the other end. A small hole goes from one side to the other side near the centre of the shank, on the face without the hook. flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck, life-saving, lifesaving, rescue crew, rescue, rocket rescue, maritime accidents, shipwreck victim, rocket crew, beach rescue, line rescue, rescue equipment, rocket firing equipment, rocket rescue equipment, rocket apparatus, beach apparatus, breeches buoy, rocket house, rocket equipment, rocket launcher, rocket line, marine technology, beach rescue set, traveller, block, running block, pulley, hawser, faked line, lady bay, warrnambool harbour, port of warrnambool, volunteer lifesavers, volunteer crew, breakwater, rocket rescue method, rocket rescue apparatus, shore to ship, rocket apparatus rescue, stranded vessel, whip line, endless whip, harbour board, sand anchor, rocket set, anchor backer, beach anchor, backer, steel cable, wire cable, sand peg, wooden tent peg, army peg, military peg

This image taken between 1920-1930 depicts open-cut hydraulic sluicing at the Three Mile Mine, located about five kilometres south of Beechworth. Alluvial, or surface, mining began on this site in the 1850s, but was soon replaced by hydraulic sluicing methods. By the start of 1880 it is estimated that nine hundred miles of water races had been cut though soil and rock in the Beechworth district. Hydraulic sluicing employs high pressure jets of water to blast away large areas of earth and wash it down to be run through a sluice box. Gold gets caught in the sluice and the remaining slurry is washed away. Large water quantities were required for hydraulic sluicing, and the long water races and deep tailraces that were constructed were considered great engineering feats. This method of mining is extremely effective, but causes significant environmental damage and impacts to waterways and agricultural operations. Miners at Beechworth built extensive networks of races and dams to secure reliable supplies of water on a scale far greater than elsewhere in Victoria. By the 1880s Beechworth's water barons continued to hold more than half of all the water right licences on issue and undertook sluicing operations on a massive scale. The manipulation of surface and ground water via race networks was well planned and recorded in detail by local mining surveyors. The maps that were created, combined with modern geo-spatial technologies, provide a vital key in understanding the great lengths to which miners went to capture and control critical water resources. Today, Three Mile mine is called Baarmutha. The Three Mile Mine was unproductive until 1865 when John Pund and three other miners secured a fifteen year license and constructed a water race from Upper Nine Mile Creek to Three Mile Creek. In the early twentieth century Pund & Co. averaged over one thousand ounces of gold per year from the mine. After Pund's death in 1915, GSG Amalgamated Co operated the site, continuing sluicing until 1950. This image of hydraulic sluicing methods shows the extent of water-works engineering in the landscape. This photograph has historic and research potential for understanding changes to the landscape, the evolution of mining methods, and the extensive construction, manipulation and management of water networks in the Beechworth district. Black and white rectangular photograph on matte paperReverse: 7597-1 / Sluice Mining / Copied from original on loan from Webb (Qld) / Donated Nov 2009 / Baarmutha Three Mile Mine c1920-1950 / Managed by the Plain Bros then Parkinsons / Current Location is: Beechworth Animal Shelter / used for Baarmuthaburke museum, beechworth museum, beechworth, gold fields, gold rush, victorian gold rush, hydraulic sluicing, spring creek, netwown falls, mining tunnels, water races, tailraces, gold ming history, colonial australia, australian gold rushes, mining technology, beechworth historic district, indigo gold trail, indigo shire, john pund, water manipulation, water engineering, three mile creek, three mile mine, water race, large-scale mining methods, historical mining construction, alluvial mining, mining environmental impacts, baarmutha, water barons

John O'LOUGHLIN Born Snowtown, South Australia In 1980 John O'Loughlin's life changed when he started wheel throwing ceramic vessels. During this time he discarded the superfluous and unnecessary clutter collected on the journey of life, yet retaining the essence of what mattered to him. John O’Loughlin's later artworks engages with the way in which organised religion, specifically the Catholic Church, deals with the translation of the spiritual into the material. Informed by his extensive travels and studies, O’Loughlin’s ceramics reference the reliquaries and church artefacts that connect the life of this world with that of faith in another world. Completing undergeduate and post graduate works at Federation University John O'Loughlin's honours thesis was entitled "Ways and Means of Meaning, The Use of Symbol and Surface as Expressive Media in Ceramic Sculpture". The University provided a serious ceramic studio equipped with all the research tools for advanced ceramic exploration. Access to raw materials and a variety of kilns combined with excellent lecturers, mentors and technicians inspired, motivated and challenged him to push his accumulating knowledge to higher levels. O'Loughlin's working method in the studio is one of quiet, determined interaction with clay, idea and content. Experimentation with a variety of temperatures, firing methods and atmospheric conditions has produced a broad tonal and textural palette. He has worked with various clay bodies overlaid with coloured oxides, slips and engobes as the foundation for many of his works. O'Loughlin ufilised raised surfaces from old cemetery tombstones using the impressed forms and textures in his constructions. This research led him to the use of dry engobes to create a sense of antiquity, with crusty and distressed surfaces that resemble objects neglected in the oceans. These objects seem covered with the accretions and accumulations of history when re-discovered and brought to the surface as miraculous objects of mystery and magic. (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/John+O%27Loughlin%3A+a+man+re-invented.-a0216897107, accessed 12 September 2020) in 2007 John completer a Masters at the University of Ballarat. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Botanical inspired wheel thrown goblet with decorative incised leaves on stem and flower head shaped cup. Glazed 'JOL' on bottom.art, artwork, goblet, botanical, ceramic, john o'loughlan, alumni

John O'LOUGHLIN Born Snowtown, South Australia In 1980 John O'Loughlin's life changed when he started wheel throwing ceramic vessels. During this time he discarded the superfluous and unnecessary clutter collected on the journey of life, yet retaining the essence of what mattered to him. John O’Loughlin's later artworks, such as 'Reliquary No. 20' engages with the way in which organised religion, specifically the Catholic Church, deals with the translation of the spiritual into the material. Informed by his extensive travels and studies, O’Loughlin’s ceramics reference the reliquaries and church artefacts that connect the life of this world with that of faith in another world. Completing undergeduate and post graduate works at Federation University John O'Loughlin's honours thesis was entitled "Ways and Means of Meaning, The Use of Symbol and Surface as Expressive Media in Ceramic Sculpture". The University provided a serious ceramic studio equipped with all the research tools for advanced ceramic exploration. Access to raw materials and a variety of kilns combined with excellent lecturers, mentors and technicians inspired, motivated and challenged him to push his accumulating knowledge to higher levels. O'Loughlin's working method in the studio is one of quiet, determined interaction with clay, idea and content. Experimentation with a variety of temperatures, firing methods and atmospheric conditions has produced a broad tonal and textural palette. He has worked with various clay bodies overlaid with coloured oxides, slips and engobes as the foundation for many of his works. O'Loughlin ufilised raised surfaces from old cemetery tombstones using the impressed forms and textures in his constructions. This research led him to the use of dry engobes to create a sense of antiquity, with crusty and distressed surfaces that resemble objects neglected in the oceans. These objects seem covered with the accretions and accumulations of history when re-discovered and brought to the surface as miraculous objects of mystery and magic. (https://www.thefreelibrary.com/John+O%27Loughlin%3A+a+man+re-invented.-a0216897107, accessed 12 September 2020) This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Four wheel thrown goblets, two with decorative stems. art, artwork, john o'loughlin, ceramics, goblets