During the 17th century, or the Golden Age, the Dutch Republic was involved in a number of wars at sea. The main goal of the Dutch navy was to protect shipping lanes all over the world and, if need be, to repel a naval invasion of Dutch territory. They also constantly searched for new territories from which to import the spices vital for the preservation of food. The Dutch are historically very proud of their seafaring history and honour "heroes" such as Dik Tromp, Piet Hein and Michel de Ruyter. These men were actually as much pirates as anything else and preyed on the treasures brought back from South America by the Spanish and Portuguese.This is actually a miniature sailing ship based on a small wooden clog. The two parchment sails carry heraldic decorations While the top mast also has a small red, white and blue flag. The varnished clog is decorated with a small typically Dutch scene and the word "Holland". "Made in Holland" is printed on the underside.Made in Holland

Whittaker's improved edition of Pinnock's Goldsmith's History of England, from the invasion of Julius Caesar to the death of George 11., with a continuation to the present time; also, a dictionary, biographical, historical &c. explaining every difficulty, and rendering the whole easy to be understood; and questions for examination at the end of each section: besides a variety of valuable information added throughout the work....Brown leather-bound hardcover book, very worn extremities, tear to upper spine. Embossed cross-hatch design on leather with embossed border. Staining lower right front, loss of colour back & front. Scored damage to front. Flyleaf torn with piece missing upper right. Front hinge separated, binding loose. 2nd flyleaf stained. Foxing and discolouration of page edges. 519 pp. Poor condition.Inside front cover, label advertising Fulton & Knight's Pronouncing Dictionary, 'T & C Buck/1846'. Front flyleaf, ' [missing] Buck/ [indecipherable] school/1846'. Front 2nd flyleaf, 'Thomas Buck/Mounted Constable/Kilmore District/June 1856'.history of england, thomas buck, mounted constable, kilmore

Refer to RAAF service of No.40595 C.S. Cornelius.This is a set of Japanese Invasion money notes in 4 values; 1. EEN Gulden - medium size note, front is printed in brown and green ink. The rear is printed in brown ink. 2. This is a small note of 1/2 Gulden, white paper with blue ink on front. rear side is in blue ink as well. 3. This is a small note of Tien cent. Printed in purple ink on both sides. 4. This is a very small note - 5 cent (VIJF). Printed in blue ink on both sides.ww2, dutch east indies, invasion money

The extraordinary and compelling story of June 6, 1944 and the battle for Normandy is told here through first-hand testimonies from civilians and soldiers on both sides. D-Day: As They Saw It features classic accounts by soldiers such as Rommel and Bradley, together with frontline reports by some of the world's finest authors and war correspondents, including Ernest Hemingway and Alan Melville. Published to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Normandy landings, highlights of this unique collection include the break-out from Omaha beach as told by the GI who led it, a French housewife's story of what it was like to wake up to the invasion, German soldiers' accounts of finding themselves facing the biggest seaborne invasion in history, a view from the command post by a member of Eisenhower's staff, combat reports, diaries and letters of British veterans of all forces and services, and accounts of the follow-up battle for Normandy, one of the bloodiest struggles of the warForeword by Field Marshall Lord Carversoft cover book

Lidocaine (or lignocaine) is a local anaesthetic (numbing medication) that is used to numb an area of your body to help reduce pain or discomfort caused by invasive medical procedures such as surgery, needle punctures, or insertion of a catheter or breathing tube. It is also sometimes used to treat irregular heart rhythms that may signal a possible heart attack, and can be given in an epidural (spinal block) to reduce the discomfort of contractions during labour.This is one of a collection of items received from the practice of Dr Lachlan Hardy-Wilson, FRCOG, Launceston, Tasmania.Cardboard box containing 19 ampoules of Xylocaine 1%. The ampoules are in three strips of five, and one strip of four. Expiry date noted on the box for this medication is August 1985.surgery

The Japanese government-issued Oceanian Pound was one of several issues of Japanese invasion money used during World War II. Consisting of only four denominations, the Oceanian Pound was the shortest set (i.e., total number of denominations) issued. Geographically, the region of Oceania comprises numerous islands across the vast South and Central Pacific which includes the islands of New Zealand.[1] Certain descriptions may or may not include Australia.[2] Oceania has also been defined by island groupings: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.[1][3] However, from a numismatic perspective (i.e., the issuance of Japanese invasion money), Oceania consisted of the occupied territories of Guam, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Caroline Islands, Marianas Islands, Solomon Islands, Palau, and the now defunct Territory of New Guinea.[4] [5] Although officially called "Oceania" the region was considered a financial and currency union under Japanese colonial dominion that included several political jurisdictions rather than a single polity.A blue coloured paper note with picture of fruit and an island beach on the front.On the front reads "Japanese Government One Shilling" and on the reverse the number 1. On the front in red are the letters "OC".money, paper, currency, japanese, wwii, japan, oceania, shilling, one, occupation, japanese government, blue

Glenelg Shire Council records. Built on land gazetted for defence purposes in the 1840s, Portland Battery was constructed in 1889 to defend Victoria against the feared Russian invasion. Batteries were also constructed at Warrnambool and Port Fairy during this period. The Battery comprises a magazine, upper chamber, a parapet wall, and three gun emplacements. In 1984 the Battery underwent a major restoration. The underground magazine and lamp passage are currently not accessible to the public.Picture of Cannon, Low Moore 68 lb, 1861, Battery Point, South Portland.portland battery, cannon, munition, fortifications, magazine, 1800s

This is the last of the series of books chronicling the achievements of the ships and personnel of the Royal Australian Navy in WWII. For the whole of the war the Navy was on the job all over the place all of the time. From the first to the last days of WWII RAN was represented, by ships and personnel in the battle for supremacy in t he battle for supremacy at sea. They took part in every rear-guard action in the days when the tide was against. They participated in the invasions of enemy territory that came with the resurgence of Allied strength right through to the final assaults on the Japanese home islands The last book of the series of which HMAS MK IV, servIng personnel of the RAN have recorded the achievements of their service in WWII HMAS Mk IV - The RAN's Fourth Book. Green front, back and spine hardcover.. Inside front and back cover is a green sepia aerials view illustration of Japanese islands with boats and aeroplane. Illustrations, poems, stories, photographs, prints, cartoons.Dedicated to all those past and present, who 'Fear God, Honour the Kingwwii, royal australian navy, triumph of sea power, amphibian, flying seaman, invasion of borneo, whaler's crew, converted ocean liners, wrans go to sea, balikpapan, frigates, new guinea, indonesia, south east oceania, bougainville, surrender of dutch borneo, world war 2

Prelude to conflict -- Blitz in the West -- Britain alone -- Italy falters -- Hitler strikes South -- Enter Rommel -- Barbarossa -- The War against Japan -- The onslaught continues -- From Moscow to the Crimea -- Turning point in the desert -- Stalingrad to Kursk -- Victory in the desert -- The Convoy battles -- Hitting back against the Japanese -- The Italian armistice -- To the Gustav Line -- Approaches to the Philippines -- War over the Reich -- The invasion of France -- Destruction of the Army Group Centre -- The Seine to Arnhem -- The Empire's last throw -- Victory in Italy -- The end in Europe -- Victory over Japanhard cover non-fiction book maps and diagramsInscription on the first page "To Dad Happy Birthday, with love Jenny xxx 1987" Glued into the same front page is an article cut from the AFR Dec 22-27 2011.

Souvenired by Keith David Livingston VX136969 2nd AIF. Refer Cat No 1911P for his service history.Japanese Invasion Money Qty six notes: - "THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT" .1) 10 dollars - green ink - letters "MN" stamped on front (No country mentioned) .2) 50 cents - brown ink - letters "MP" stamped on front (No country mentioned) .3) 5 dollars - yellow purple ink - letters "MK" stamped on front (No country mentioned) .4) 1 dollar - pink & blue ink - letters "MD" stamped on front (No country mentioned) .5) 10 cents - green ink - letters "M" over "AJ" stamped on front (No country mentioned) .6). 5 cents - brown ink - letters "ML" stamped on front (No country mentioned) currency, japanese invasion, occupation

This item was used before the flexible sigmoidoscope (1996) and before the introduction of fibre optics late 1900s. The 1900s saw an incredible leap forward in the field of medical procedures. The ability to visually see what was happening within the human body (in real time) provided greater analysis about certain biological abnormalities during a greater time elapse than before. This procedure involved less trauma to the patient and greater flexibility to the Physician in treatment schemes. The rigid signoidscope, however provided the first visual of the colon in situ, but was highly invasive to the patient.This item was used in the Mount Beauty Hospital for qualified Physicians to use in their diagnostic evaluation of patients. This would not be an instrument used by a General Physician. This item is still a internal observatory method which may, in some instances, cause some minor complications. This item does point to the level of medical diagnostics, equivalent to those available in larger towns and cities, which brings this rural area (once considered to be an isolated region) to a higher level of medical care.This rigid 35 cm long sigmoidoscope (internal probe) is made of stainless steel outer hollowed rounded rod, which permits the use of both a fixed (very thin) lighting rod and two flexible cord lights access. Both the lighting rod and the flexible lights can be lowered within the main rod to allow the physician to see the colon at the bottom of the rod.These items are all contained within a specifically inlaid wooden box. The box has separate open compartments for the main instruments and a small lidded compartment containing replacement light bulbs. The hollowed tube permits the physician to visually observe the signoid (an S shaped part) of the colon.On the stainless steel main rod body are engraved the lengths of the body,in centimetres ,with numbers starting at the five centimeter mark and then every five centimetres up to the thirty centimetre mark. On the front inside rim of the box are two inlaid white plastic strips with black print, "ALLEN & HANBURYS Ltd" and the other "LONDON"medical diagnostics, sigmoidoscope examinations, medical examinations, hospital equipment

Letter written from (unknown) POW imprisioned by the Japanese on Morotai Island from 1942 - 1945 to (unknown) friend. Descriptive of life and treatment in POW camp. The island was captured by the Japanese in early 1942. Morotai's southern plain was taken by American forces in September 1944 during the Battle of Morotai, and used as a staging point for the Allied invasion of the Philippines in early 1945, and of Borneo in May and June of that year. Japanese soldier Teruo Nakamura was discovered in the Morotai jungle in 1974, as one of the WWII Japanese soldiers who held out subsequent to the Japanese military's surrender.Photocopy of letter, 4 pages, originally written in ink on (unofficial) Australian Red Cross form.Added to head of letter at a later date is inscription ' First letter written home for 3 1/2 years'.Top left hand- FOR SAFETY/ IN YOUR LETTERS DO NOT REFER TO:-/ The name of your ship or other ships in the convoy, or its escorts./The date of sailing, ports of call, or probable destination./ The description of troops, their loca-/tion or any other information/ which, if intercepted, would be of/ value to the enemy. In your Top right hand- Australian Red Cross Society/ (UNOFFICIAL)/ 25-8-45/ (added at later date 'Morotri Island')/ Alex, Have witten this especially/ as i don't wish our women folk to know the tougher side of life./Well Alex for the first/ 2 1/2 years as POWs we lived reasonably/ well, but the last 15 months was like /hell. Heres the worst lot of b-s/ you could find on earth, they worked /us from 7AM till 6 PM, & fed/ us on muck you wouldn't feed to/ Pigs. I'm nothing at all they would 2, pow, morotri island, morotai island, world war, prisoner of war, australian red cross society

On the 19 February 1942, 242 Japanese aircraft, in two separate raids, attacked the town of Darwin, ships in the harbour and the town's two airfields in an attempt to prevent the Allies from using them as bases to contest the invasion of Timor and Java during World War II. Darwin was lightly defended, relative to the size of the attack, and the Japanese inflicted heavy losses upon Allied forces at little cost to themselves. The two Japanese air raids were the first, and largest, of more than 100 air raids against Australia during 1942–43.The Bombing of Darwin, also known as the Battle of Darwin, on 19 February 1942 was the largest single attack ever mounted by a foreign power on Australia. The urban areas of Darwin also suffered damage from the raids and there were a number of civilian casualties. As a result more than half of Darwin's civilian population left the area permanently, before or immediately after the attack. Timber framed print of planes depicting the bombing of Darwin Harbour. Gold metal plaque - BOMBS OVER DARWIN Presented to Wangaratta RSL Limited Edition Print 234/1800 by James Baineswwii, bombing of darwin, battle of darwin

Refer to Cat 95P. RAAF service of C.S. Cornelius NR 40595.This is a set of Invasion notes for the Philippines in WW2. Printed by Imperial Japanese Government. 1. Ten dollar note - white paper, dark green ink both sides. 2. Five dollar note - white paper, purple ink both sides. 3. One dollar note - white paper, blue ink both sides. 4. & 5. 50 cent notes - white paper, brown ink both sides. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. 10 cent notes - white paper, green ink both sides. 11. Very small note - 1 cent. Front side printed in black and green ink. Rear in light black ink.ww2, philipines, invasion money

By 1941, the threat of Japanese invasion caused restrictions to daily life. Blackouts became the norm. To prevent identification from enemy planes all lights had to be turned down, including car headlights that had to be covered to minimize light exposure. In Australia more relaxed regulations led to the Australian air raid precautions being dubbed the “brownout”. These shields limited the amount of light emitted by a vehicle. To drive at night without them was an offence; however, the increase in road accidents led to the removal of headlight masks everywhere in Australia south of Rockhampton from 15 February 1943. These shields, though not rare, evoke a period of restrictions, fear, rationing and confinement.A circular metal disc painted black - car light blackout shield. It has a small glass slot in front and a scooped out front to cover the light.ww11 blackout-shield

By 1941, the threat of Japanese invasion caused restrictions to daily life. Blackouts became the norm. To prevent identification from enemy planes all lights had to be turned down, including car headlights that had to be covered to minimize light exposure. In Australia more relaxed regulations led to the Australian air raid precautions being dubbed the “brownout”. These shields limited the amount of light emitted by a vehicle. To drive at night without them was an offence; however, the increase in road accidents led to the removal of headlight masks everywhere in Australia south of Rockhampton from 15 February 1943.These shields, though not rare, evoke a period of restrictions, fear, rationing and confinement.Pair of handmade car light blackout shields. Black round metal with scoop at front as well as small glass partition.shields-blackout ww11 transport-motor-vehicles

On the night of 30-31 January 1942 this small force of 1131 Australian soldiers were stationed at Ambon, an island which formed part of the Netherland East Indies (now Indonesia). An invasion of approximately 20,000 Japanese overwhelmed Gull Force and the majority of the Australian soldiers were taken prisoner. The execution of 229 at Laha, starvation, over work, disease and the absence of medical supplies led to horrific loss. At the cessation of hostilities only 352 of the original 1131 had made it back to Australia. 779 members of Gull Force made the supreme sacrifice and now lie in foreign fields. The Battle of Ambon (30 January – 3 February 1942) occurred on the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), during World War II. Japan invaded and conquered the island in a few days, facing Dutch, American and Australian forces. The chaotic and sometimes bloody fighting was followed by a series of major Japanese war crimes. Allied casualties in the battle were relatively light. However, at intervals for a fortnight after the surrender, Japanese personnel chose more than 300 Australian and Dutch prisoners of war at random and summarily executed them, at or near Laha airfield. In part, this was revenge for the sinking of the Japanese minesweeper, as some surviving crew of the minesweeper took part.. Three-quarters of the Australians captured on Ambon died before the war's end. Of the 582 who remained on Ambon, 405 died. They died of overwork, malnutrition, disease and one of the most brutal regimes among camps in which bashings were routine. Blood Oath, a 1990 Australian feature film is based on the real-life trial of Japanese soldiers for war crimes committed against Allied prisoners of war on the island of Ambon, in the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), such as the Laha massacre of 1942.Brown timber frame with gold coloured inner edge containing badge and tribute on grey backgroundGull Force 2/21 Battalion Ambon Laha In memory of and tribute to the Officers and Men of "Gull Force" comprising of 2/21 Battalion and attached Units.gull force, 2/21 battalion, ambon, ww2

On 12 August 1940, SS Orduna sailed from Liverpool with a privately organised party of 16 children from Belmont Preparatory school, Hassocks Sussex to Nassau. It was part of a wider British Government children's evacuation program during World War II, when the prospect of imminent invasion threatened Britain. In 1941 with the need for military transport in the Second World War, she was put into service by the British government as a troopship. Another task during the Second World War was that of an evacuation transport. In 1945 the Orduna brought back Prisoners of War and internees from the Far East. A memorial to the ships involved in the repatriation was unveiled on the Liverpool waterfront on 15 October 2011. Black and white photograph of ship at sea alongside populated coastline.In pencil on rear - SS Orduna - We escorted her from Panama to Valparaisoss orduna, ww2

Plaque present to Corporal Sperry BODSWORTH MID who served with the 2/21st Battalion and involved with the Battle of Ambon. On the night of 30-31 January 1942 this small force of 1131 Australian soldiers were stationed at Ambon, an island which formed part of the Netherland East Indies (now Indonesia). An invasion of approximately 20,000 Japanese overwhelmed Gull Force and the majority of the Australian soldiers were taken prisoner. The execution of 229 at Laha, starvation, over work, disease and the absence of medical supplies led to horrific loss. At the cessation of hostilities only 352 of the original 1131 had made it back to Australia. 779 members of Gull Force made the supreme sacrifice and now lie in foreign fields. The Battle of Ambon (30 January – 3 February 1942) occurred on the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), during World War II. Japan invaded and conquered the island in a few days, facing Dutch, American and Australian forces. The chaotic and sometimes bloody fighting was followed by a series of major Japanese war crimes. Allied casualties in the battle were relatively light. However, at intervals for a fortnight after the surrender, Japanese personnel chose more than 300 Australian and Dutch prisoners of war at random and summarily executed them, at or near Laha airfield. In part, this was revenge for the sinking of the Japanese minesweeper, as some surviving crew of the minesweeper took part.. Three-quarters of the Australians captured on Ambon died before the war's end. Of the 582 who remained on Ambon, 405 died. They died of overwork, malnutrition, disease and one of the most brutal regimes among camps in which bashings were routine. Blood Oath, a 1990 Australian feature film is based on the real-life trial of Japanese soldiers for war crimes committed against Allied prisoners of war on the island of Ambon, in the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), such as the Laha massacre of 1942.Brown timber in the shape of a shield mounted with a metal a coat of arms depicting white seagull above black and orange diamond within pale blue oval shape.Gull Force 2/21 Battalion Ambon Laha Plaque - Cpl Sperry Bodsworth VX23435 MIDgull force, 2/21 battalion, ambon, ww2

2/1st North Australia Observer Unit 1942-1945 The Nackeroos - During the second World War the 2/1st North Australia Observer Unit guarded Northern Australia against Japanese incursions. The unit established positions in remote areas and carried out patrols on foot and horseback, reporting back by wireless.The unit was barely 550 strong, and with their headquarters in Katherine, in the Northern Territory, they were given the task of patrolling northern Australia to look for signs of enemy activity. The men made use of the knowledge of local Aboriginals and maintained coast watching outposts. As the threat of invasion passed, the unit was reduced in strength and disbanded in March 1945. A similar role is now carried out by the North West Mobile Force (NORFORCE) Black plastic frame containing a dedication on black background with red and green joined square symbol 2/1st North Australia Observer Unit 1942-1945 The Nackeroos In memory of those who served Dedicated on 27 August 20082/1st north australia observer unit, the nackeroos

The window in this photograph was commissioned by the Sandringham Yacht Club in conjunction with a Masonic Lodge and work carried out by Gerry Cummins in 1980. In the background is the S.S. 'Kanimbla' built 1935, Belfast for McIlwraith McEacham and was the last large passenger ship built specifically for Australian owners. Designed to carry 400 passengers , she plied her trade around the Southern and Eastern Ports of Australia. In WW2 she was an armed merchant cruiser and served in Indian waters and escorted the 1st convoy out of the Singapore after the Japanese invasion. She later operated in the Pacific after the war and after repatriation duties she was decommissioned and subsequently sold to be renamed 'Oriental Queen' which eventually caught fire and sank. . The small yacht in the foreground refers to the Sandringham YC. Window measurements: 600mm x 900mmShows the link with Freemasonry.Sketch in pencil and ink on cream paper for an arched stained glass window depicting a yacht.Bottom left corner: Proposed Stained Glass Window, Mission to Seamen. (Scale: Full Size) Right Left corner: Gerry Cummingsfreemasons, st peter chapel, flinders street, mission to seafarers, gerry cummins, jill stehn, stained glass window, sandringham yacht club, hearts of oak lodge, yacht, symbols, square, compass, ss kanimbla

This photograph shows how (early to mid1900s), before the establishment of the Mount Beauty "gated" village, the Kiewa Valley was farmed and the scarce population was spread out over acres of productive land. This photograph catches a time before (what appeared to the local farmers as the invasion by a mass of construction workers) when this remote valley was part of a "lay back" rural landscape,occasionally visited by friends and some wayward tourists. The mountain ranges provided an adequate barrier against the way-would traveller. The immigration numbers coming into Australia was still quite small ( due to the "white" Australia policy) which was in force before World War II. After World War II a mass of displaced European refugees and migrants boosted the Australian population and provided for a greater degree of diverse professions and rural related work force.This photograph depicts the borderline in time between an exclusively rural based population and respective activities(early 1900s)to the present (2000 on wards) integrated village, tourist and retiree/holiday area. The time when land was exclusively used in agriculture is over and the impact of cheaper rural produce from Asian markets will see a shift of land useage and population activities. The Kiewa Valley is loosing its hiding place and is becoming more and more a source of untapped residential land. Black and white photograph of farming/grazing land useage, before the establishment of the Mount Beauty Village. Small pockets of residentual houses can be viewed. Road access (unsealed dirt) was typical of that provided in rural regions in the 1950s. The photo is on 200gms paper and not on photographic paper.kiewa valley in the early1900s, grazing in the kiewa valley, sec victoria

This gilt plate is from an era where master crockery manufacturers where either located in Britain or Europe.The cost of transportation and the time taken to receive items limited the availability of first class goods. This was an era that was "British is best" in all manufactured goods. With the slow influx of European immigrants European manufactured goods also became of high value. This social requirement was more of a prerequisite for the more affluent rural population, especially at a time when Australia "rode on the sheep's back". Fine British and European goods were a "status symbol", even in rural Australia. After World War II, the invasion of American and Japanese merchandise opened up the market place for cheaper "throw away" items. Longevity and quality of goods fell away as the "throw away" society rolled on.This item demonstrates the time when the rural sector was at its most affluent and influential in dictating the strong ties between Australia, Britain and Europe. The very influential "Country Party" ensured that the protection of the rural sector was well entrenched. The ability of the "well off" rural sector, in this period, were not only able to travel abroad but also to purchase expensive items "overseas" cutlery and crockery. The significance of this item is that it highlights a period in time when the "rural" affluence was at its peak.This hand painted floral gilt plate is a cream fluted china plate decorated with pink and yellow orchid flower arrangement. It is in the "Art Nouveau" period 1880-1920.underneath and within the circular base and in gold freehand script "4" underneath "1562". Pressed into the base is the manufacturer's monogram.Circled around the FAM mark is "* FRANZ ANT. MEHLEM*BONN A/RHEIN*"hand painted china, floral gilt plate, decorative china

In 1964 Camberwell City Council commissioned Professor Geoffrey Blainey to first write this history. Since that time, many changes have taken place and therefore the Council asked Professor Blainey to bring the book up to date. Bibliography, includes index. The author presents a century of pioneering development and endeavours. He has traced the coming of the wood-cutters and the farmers, the transition from rectangular paddocks to a grid of roads and streets, the growth from shire to borough, town and city, the filling up of thirteen squares miles into residential suburbia - in successive waves of invasion, along new transport routes - including the Outer Circle Railway. Substantial chapters cover the War Years and the progress of Camberwell since the 1960s have also been included in this edition. 134p; ill;camberwell, victoria, market gardens, tolls, railways, mayors, boroondara road board, borondara shire, councillors, (mr) (prof) geoffrey blainey

Wooragee Landcare was formed in 1989 to promote sustainable conservation and land-use practices in the North-East region of Victoria. The organisation's work has included public awareness and education campaigns to control invasive, introduced species and protect native wildlife, such as campaigns to replant native plant species to improve soil integrity and restore habitat for flora and fauna. The organisation has drawn on the work of a variety of Government and academic experts to ensure best practice approaches are utilised. This photograph was taken at Riverview Farm, Victoria on Sunday the 5th of September as part of a day trip by the Wooragee Landcare Group. The event was about looking at land use on small farms and as a social get-together for the Group. Wooragee was also researching how small landholders could run some enterprises around the time of the trip. This photograph is a great example of the type of events that Wooragee Landcare Group has organized, while educating the public about the importance of land use management.Landscape colour photograph printed on gloss paper. Reverse: WAN NA E0NA2N2. NNN+ 4 4240/ [PRINTED] (No. 24) / 377wooragee, wooragee landcare group, wooragee landcare's collection, land use, social, riverview farm, animals, pests, indigo shire, tatong, samaria, north-east victoria

During World War II the Japanese attacked New Britain soon after the outbreak of hostilities in the Pacific Ocean. During January 1942, Japanese heavily bombed Rabaul. On 23 January, Japanese marines landed by the thousands, starting the Battle of Rabaul. The Japanese used Rabaul as a heavy base until 1944; it served as the key point for the failed invasion of Port Moresby (May to November, 1942) Note: these photos are incorrectly labelled as Nth. Britain Photograph of "OIRE LUNG " airfield is in fact "WUNUNG, JACQUINOT BAY, NEW BRITAIN, 1945-08-28. A FULL PARADE OF 37/52 INFANTRY BATTALION AND 29/46 INFANTRY BATTALION, BOTH OF 4 BRIGADE, WAS HELD ON WUNUNG AIRSTRIP. THIS PARADE WAS TO PREPARE TROOPS FOR A PARADE TO BE HELD ON 1945-09-03. SHOWN, 37/52 INFANTRY BATTALION PRESENTING ARMS." Airstrip was maintained by 1 ACSPhoto Album 360 Pocket "Photo Safe" divided for cataloguing purposes into 4 sections. Section 1 Recent Colour Photos of RSL and commemoration services Section 2 Black and white photos of earlier commemoration services, Section 3 WWII photos mainly of New Britain 1945, Section 4 Early photos of Memorabilia display.new britain, wwii, japanese surrender, pow, rms aquitania, ss nieuw amsterdam, rms mauritania, rabaul, wunung airfield, jaquinot bay, 1 acs

The can(product) of powdered Mortein was used throughout Australia and especially in rural regions where environmental conditions of crops, cattle and other livestock resulted in greater amount of "invasions" from insects. The eradication of unwanted invaders into the homestead required either manual extermination or a relevant poison which in low doses would not affect humans. Fly squats were still a good measure of eradication of flying pests however those lurking in cupboards or "hard to get at" locations needed a method, such as the Mortein powder to do the deed. This product and especially this can was used at the fore front of pest eradication. Powders and pellets are still in use 100 years later and the core ingredient is still environmental friendly and meets health conscious modern Australians. The basic product has survived the passage of time and was invented by a German immigrant to Australia in the late 1800s.This can and what it represents to rural households and outhouses, is in some ways immeasurable to the peace, health and tranquility within the household of all the families within the Kiewa Valley. Although small in size the relief of those within the sanctity of the home from annoying pests is enormous. The relief not only physical but also mentally to those residents, from the sometimes grueling and painful rural existence in a "sunburnt" countryside cannot be truly expressed in words. Kiewa Valley residents are part of the sometimes harsh rural environment where the introduction of helpful products such as this powder are noticed and used more prolifically. Any product, especially invented within Australia, which allows for a easier existence is of a great significance.This small cylindrical can contains powder of crushed the chrysanthemum flowers(pyrethrum extract) and has two circles of small circular perforations in the lid (to allow contents to be sprinkled onto other surfaces). It is constructed of mild steel with both ends crimped onto the main cylinder. A paper information label has been adhered to the outside of the cylinder.Printed on the outside label is: 1st line "MORTEIN!" 2nd line "THE GREAT INSECT DESTROYER" underneath "(Registered)" and underneath "It is without doubt the best and most reliable Insect powder in the World" underneath this line "In order to use Mortein with profit it is best to get a Mortein spreader through", next line "which by pressure of the hand the powder is ejected and well diffused." An inflection mark appears over the e in "Mortein" as to signify that the word "mort" is french for (dead) and the "ein" is german for "one". The word "mortein" therefore is diffused and translated into "dead one". A thin line separates the above from the list of insects which the powdered contents will kill together with the suggested application targets. T the bottom of the instructions is printed the manufacturer "J. HAGEMANN PTY. LTD., MELBOURNE," Below is "Sole Proprietors"natural insecticide products, environmentally friendly products, household pest dispensers, australian inventions

Constitution Hill, Johannesburg was formally the site of a fort which was later used as a prison. The Old Fort Prison complex was built to house white male prisoners in 1892. The Old Fort was built around this prison by Paul Kruger from 1896 to 1899 to protect the South African Republic from the threat of British invasion. During the Anglo-Boer War, however, the British seized Johannesburg and converted the Old Fort Prison buildings for the incarceration of Boers, some of whom were executed there. Even prominent Boer leaders of the Anglo-Boer War were imprisoned here by the British soon after the British had succeeded in seizing and controlling Johannesburg. In later times many famous people were imprisoned here, e.g. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. It became known as "The Robben Island of Johannesburg". It closed in 1983.Individual image from photographed poster of tobacco and cigarette cards.constitution hill johannesburg, fort, prison, old fort prison, paul kruger, south african republic, boers, anglo-boer war, johannesburg, mahatma gandi, nelson mandela, robben island of johannesburg