This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme. Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Metal instrument that is shaped like a elongated fish with a long pointy 'face' that is slightly curved. When turned on its edge 2 teeth can be seen at the end. Retracts the membrane (pillar) in front of the tonsil.medical instrument. hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty. tonsil

This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Metal instrument with a 2 pronged hook at one end. The hook is curved almost all the way back. Used in small operations e.g. the hand. Also in plastic surgery.medical instrument. hos;ital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty.

This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Used to suck fluid from abdomen. In sealed sterile bag - 2 metal instruments. 1. long thick nail with 9 little holes in 6 rows along the length. Other end is knob with lines embossed around it. 2. Long rod with cap on which the other side of is a bent rod with 3 'beads' at the end. This rod has a hole at the other end.medical instrument. hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty.abdomen

This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Used for sucking excess fluid from the site - could be fluid, blood or vomit etc. x4 sucker heads dull metal & x1 sucker head shiny metal Long, curved in 3 parts with it splitting into 3 rods (all the same diameter as the original rod) towards one end and a knob at the other.medical instrument. hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty. yanckeur

This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme. Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Used for taking instruments out of the autoclave. Stored by the autoclave in a container of sterilising fluid. Dull metal, heavy, long scissors bent at the pivot. One handle has a hook for the fingers, the other a ring for the thumb. The blades are blunt with the top one curving over the bottom one when closed. AMAX Germany - on hook handle - half way along Stainless - on the other handle - near the pivotmedical instrument. hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty.

This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historial: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.In wooden box with a sliding lid. Silver knife held by 2 wooden pieces with slots for knife to fit. Knife is surrounded by cotton wool. Knife is flat with wavy sides. Blade is flat with point.medical instrument. hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty. skin graft., knife. doctor

This medical instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.2 eye droppers both with orange rubber around one end. The other end is clear hollow glass coming to a blunt end Used for dispensing drops into the eye.medical instrument. hospital equipment. mt beauty. tawonga. eye.

This hospital equipment was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Cardboard white box with black writing containing Body repair kit for the mannequin 'Resusci Anne". Box missing one end. Blue rubber of miscellaneous shape inside with instruction pamphlet.On box - LAERDAL Body Repair Kit / Resusci Anne At end of box - Made in Norway No.: 01.10.00hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty. resuscitator doll.

This medical / hospital equipment was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.In yellow cardboard box with black writing. Hollow (loop) handle. Pivot is a screw so that the blade can be taken out. Blade has a hole for the screw. Has a shorter straight side and a longer side with teeth like a saw. It fits in a cavity shaped for the knife. Another cavity is next to it but is empty.Box: Eschmann Skin Graft Knife / Including ten sterile disposable blades. Followed by 3 other languages. Made in England hospital equipment. medical instrument. tawonga. mt beauty. knife. skin graft

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Used to look into the rectum. Part 1 fits into a hollow cylinder of part 2. 1. Plastic brown handle - round and shaped at end with 4 slices to form square shape for easy grip. attached to steel with protective plate long thin rod & then cylinder with covered shaped ends. 2. All steel - spoon shaped handle on angle to hollow cylinder wider and shaped into hollow cylinder - bottom cut cross section on angle.11AQ - on part 1. on steel between protective plate and wooden handle 11AQ - on part 2. across tip of handle DOWNS DA-001-01-Y length ways on handlemedical instrument. hospital equipment. mt beauty. tawonga. rectum.

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga district General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Long steel instrument slightly curved. Used to dissect tonsils.RP on one side near middlemedical equipment. hospital equipment. tonsil. mt beauty. tawonga.

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950s specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment.Double ended - used to dissect tonsils Long stainless steel with curved flat end and at other end 90 degree angle hook with 3 curved points. Middle wider with etching.Etching into steel in middle, wider part - both sides. H.A.T. MELB. - next to etching at hook end. Stainless - next to etching at 'spoon' end facing other way to hook end.medical instrument. hospital equipment. tawonga. mt beauty. tonsil

John Warren Glover was a significant operator of cyanide re-processing works in the goldfields from around 1900. He lived at 123 Webster Street for many years, and operated quite a substantial three roomed private laboratory on the grounds for assays associated with his operations. This balance was used at that laboratory. The Webster Street property is believed to be the first brick fronted house in Ballarat and the bricks were ballast from a Scottish Ship. The property remained in the Glover Family until it was sold in 1955. John Warren had car or licence registration no 12. A German made beam balance that would have been an extremely sensitive, and top of the line for its time (probably 1910 – 20’s). It has a long beam and a complex system of jewel knife edges and bearings. Plaque on front with C. Staudinger & Co. Machf, Gisssen (Gibben)mining, goldfields, beam balance, german, c. standinger & co., jw glover, john glover, warren glover, john warren glover, john w. glover, weights and measures, c. staudinger and co, carl staudinger, scientific equiment

This telescope was amongst various items collected from a sea dive in Port Phillip Bay. The diver was the caretaker of the Port Lonsdale Lighthouse, who dived on various wrecks in the bay during the 1960's. After the caretaker's death, his son sold off many of the shipwreck artefacts. The telescope was purchased from the caretaker's son in the 1990's by a previous owner of the Marine Shop, Queenscliff, Victoria. John Browning was particularly well known for his scientific advances in the fields of spectroscopy, astronomy, and optometry. Between 1856 and 1872, Browning acquired provisional patents for designs of numerous scientific instruments. He was also the recipient of an award at the 1862 International Exhibition held in London. Also recognised for his temperature-compensated aneroid barometer. Browning's scientific instruments were used in physics, chemistry, and biology. The products he designed and manufactured included spectroscopes, telescopes, microscopes, barometers, photometers, cameras, ophthalmologist, and electrical equipment such as electric lamps. John Browning was born around 1831 in Kent, England. His father, William Spencer Browning, was a maker of nautical instruments. John Browning's great-grandfather was also an instrument maker as well as John’s brother Samuel Browning of the firms Spencer & Browning and Spencer, Browning & Rust, who also manufactured navigational instruments. The latter firm was in operation in London from 1784 to 1840 and was succeeded by the firm of Spencer, Browning & Co. John Browning initially intended to follow the medical profession and entered Guy's Hospital, a teaching hospital and a school of medicine. Despite having passed the required examinations, however, he abandoned his plans. Instead, he apprenticed with his father, William Spencer Browning. At the same time, in the late 1840s, he was a student attending the Royal College of Chemistry several days per week. By the early 1870s, practical optics had become John Browning's primary interest, and he listed his occupation as an optician on the census records from 1871 to 1901. He was well known among London's ophthalmic surgeons for his various ophthalmic instruments. He had a large part in reforming the art of crafting spectacles. Other achievements were as an author of the book, How to Use Our Eyes and How to Preserve them by the Aid of Spectacles. Published in 1883, the book included thirty-seven illustrations, including a diagram demonstrating the anatomy of the eye. In 1895, he was one of the founders of the "British Ophthalmology" the first professional organisation for optometry. He was not only its first president but also registered as its first member so many considered him to be the first professional optometrist. Other professional organisations he belonged too was as a member of “The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain”. In 1871 constructing the first wind tunnel located at Greenwich Marine Engineering Works. He was also a member of other scientific organisations, such as the “Microscopical Society of London”, the “Meteorological Society”, and the “Royal”. Then in 1908 the company of W. Watson & Son, opticians and camera makers, took over John Browning's company since 1901 John Browning had been semi-retired but in 1908 he fully retired and moved to Bournemouth in Hampshire. He died in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire in 1925.The telescope is significant for its association with one of the world’s leading scientific instrument makers and inventor of the 19th and early 20th century. It is believed the donation came off a wreck either in Port Philip Bay or between Point Lonsdale and the Nepean Heads making it a significant maritime historical artefact. Its provenance is good given it was taken off a wreck in this area by the Point Lonsdale lighthouse caretaker. Examples of John Browning's telescopes because of their scientific and historical importance are highly valued by collectors.Marine style single draw brass telescope with a sunshade. The single draw has no split and the second cartridge is held in a long brass tube within the single draw, mounted from the objective end. The eyepiece is flat and at the end of the first draw in a very faded engraving that is believed to read "John Browning, 63 Strand, and should read London under the word strand but this is hard to establish given the engravings condition. This interpretation of the engraving has been arrived at by examination of other John Browning telescope engraving examples."John Browning, engraved to the first tube in copper plate style "63 STRAND" Engraved under in capital textflagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, shipwreck artefact, port phillip bay, port lonsdale lighthouse, wreck, 1960’s diver, queenscliff marine shop, john browning, telescope, spectroscopy, optometry, scientific instruments, william spencer browning, optician, navigational instrument, microscopical society of london, aeronautical society, marine technology

This telescope was amongst various items collected from a sea dive in Port Phillip Bay. The diver was the caretaker of the Port Lonsdale Lighthouse, who dived on various wrecks in the bay during the 1960's. After the caretaker's death, his son sold off many of the shipwreck artefacts. The telescope was purchased from the caretaker's son in the 1990's by a previous owner of the Marine Shop, Queenscliff, Victoria. Many companies were making scientific instruments in Liverpool. Between 1730 up too today, they manufactured spectroscopes, telescopes, microscopes, barometers, photometers, cameras, ophthalmoscopes, and electrical equipment such as electric lamps. Liverpool was a major centre for the production of scientific items rivaling Glasgow and London from 1850 to 1920. This telescope appears to be of quality manufacture but the origins can only be surmised at based on the gold embossing to the leather surrounding the main brass tube as being associated with Liverpool England. There is no maker or owners mark, so again there is no sure way to determine the year of manufacture or maker. There were many opticians and scientific instrument makers working in and around Liverpool from 1730 through too today. Also the possibility the telescope could have been made outside Liverpool overseas should not be overlooked and may have been made as a souvenir item from Liverpool from the mid to late 20th century. The size and type of telescope is a traditional type that was used for many sporting activities in the mid to late 19th century for deer stalking, bird watching, or used generally. I believe the item dates from sometime around the early to late part of the 20th century as the use of the liver bird mark became popular in 1911. It began appearing on many manufactured items of the period up too today, denoting that these items were made by companies operating in or around Liverpool England. If the item had been made by a notable firm it would have been engraved with the makers name city of origin, or owner as was the accepted practice for these items. The writer has been unable to determine if any specific company had had exclusive use of the liver bird logo as it was widely used and was not copyrighted until the Liverpool football club successfully won a court case giving them the sole rights to the trademark in 2012.The item is also an example of the shipwreck artefacts gathered along the southwest coast of Victoria. It is also a sample of scientific instruments used up to the mid 20th century.Victorian style gentleman's three draw brass telescope with machine milling surrounding the end of each tube and around the objective end. The three tube draw has no split and all three cartridges are held within the main brass tube wrapped in leather with rope bindings at both ends 5 cm in length and beginning 7 cm from the objective end. The last 2.8 cm makes up the remainder of the brass tube which has a sliding brass sunshade. The eyepiece is flat and has a protective slide over the lens aperture. Two relay lenses are missing on the ends of the second and third tube. Gold embossed into the leather an inscription “Trade the Liver Mark” also embossed in gold a depiction of the mythical liver bird, associated with the city seal of Liverpool England. flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, shipwreck artefact, port phillip bay, port lonsdale lighthouse, wreck, 1960’s diver, queenscliff marine shop, liver bird, scientific instrument, telescope, three drawer telescope, liverpool, liver bird trade mark, trade mark

This bottle was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga district General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Clear glass Intravenous (IV) fluid bottle with opaque white plastic holder with rings around the neck and bottle. The wide lower ring has an extension that is oval shaped. The opening has a rubber stopper with 4 holes at the top that don't penetrate the stopper. The bottle is heavily embossed with a measuring gauge one side written for when the bottle is upright and the other side written for when the bottle is upside down. Base is heavily embossed. Straight sides taper gradually to a short neck and opening. Note: Unusual because of plastic holder. IV fluid bottle and drainage bottle or could be Wagenestein - form of suction (no suckers so form a vacuum)Gauge: 100, 200, 300, 400, 500. Below gauge 2 embossed lines around the circumference. Base: 5 / Resistent / 500 ml. Around the circumference short lines from outer edge to middle.medical, hospital, intraveneous fluid bottle, wagenestein

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Clear glass pipette. A sphere that stands on a flat base with the top opening to a small short opening on one side and on the other a long narrow opening tapering up at an angle to a very small opening.irrigation pipette, medical, hospital

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Cardboard cream coloured box with brown label on front and sides. Inside the box is a stainless steel syringe with stainless steel needles and mounts. These items are packed in the appropriate sections inside the box.Label: 40 minim. / Ash Hypodermic Syringe / (Made in England) sic / Complete with Needles and Mounts / Chromium Plated / Sole Wholesale Distributors / The Amalgamated Dental Company, Limited, / 7 Swallow Street Piccadilly, London, W.1 On side of box in hand writing 'Dental Syringe' dental syringe, medical, hospital, ash hypodermic syringe

This medical / hospital equipment was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Cardboard box containing 5 packets of Veterinary Hypodermic Needles. Each packet has a detailed blue label on the front in blue writing with 'Veterinary' in red. Four packets contain 12 stainless steel Hypodermic Needles and the fifth pack has 5.Label on big box: Hand written: 'Veterinary / Luer - Record / Hypodermic / Needles / Size .../ E.V.Needles. Small packets: 'New "Solila" / Veterinary / Hypodermic Needles / Made in Australia / This box contains 12 / G 18 "V" 3 quarters"'/ Leur (followed by address)veterinary hypodermic needles, leur, medical, solila, tawonga district hospital

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme. Previous UKV 325Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Brown cardboard box containing 3 clear glass instruments. Two have a sphere in the middle with a long thin hollow cylinder at one end and a similar one at the other end except this one continues into the sphere and ends in a hook. The other instrument consists of a hollow cylinder that curves at the bottom and goes into a hollow ball. The ball has one small hollow appendage coming out at an angle and another short wide round hollow cylinder at its top. Label at end of box hand written: "Used for croupette"Box label: 'Nebulizer for Croupette"nebulizer, medical, hospital, croupette, tawonga district hospital

This medical / hospital equipment was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment including sterilisation. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. good condition and good interpretation capacity.Plastic opaque yellowish tube in clear plastic sterilised bag with blue writing on it.Bag: Portex / Made in England / Male Gibbon Catheter / FG 16 / Gamma Ray Sterilisedcatheter, medical, hospital, portex, sterilisation

This medical / hospital equipment was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Red and white cardboard box with stainless steel staples inside.Size 18/8Front: "Martin / 100 / Michel" Back: '18/8'. Side: 'Made in Germany' Side: '14 mm'medical staples, hospital equipment

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Cardboard box with a label on the lid. Inside is a rubber bulb pump attached to a clear glass 'receiver'. The glass is a cylinder opening to an almost flat wide circular disc. On one side of the cylinder is a sphere opening to the cylinder presumably where the milk is collected. Label: (Top Left):'Ingram's / London' / (On the right): 'Omega Breast Reliever / The finest quality / Rubber Bulb fitted / with a Glass Receiver / of approved design.' (Bottom left): Recommended by the / Medical & Nursing / Professions On rubber: Ingram's / London / Omegaomega breast reliever, baby's feeding, breast feeding, medical, nursing

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacityA clear plastic bag with 1. Stainless steel syringe (cylinder) with 2 rings at one end and a small opening at the other. 2. a 3 pronged instrument 2 prongs are handles that squeeze together - the third is curved and attached to one side of the handle. 3. golden coloured curved instrument in the shape of a hollow rectangle with thin attachments at each end. The plastic bag has 'Broken' hand written in red at the top.ear syringe, medical, hospital, tawonga district hospital

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Clear plastic bag containing a clear glass tube with a spout at the open end inside which are various lengths of stainless steel Leur Lock Needles On plastic bag handwritten in red "Various Needles"leur lock needles, medical, hospital, tawonga district hospital

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Round mirror with hole in centre held to a bakite dark brown backing with a stainless steel rim. On the back is attached a small stainless steel knob. The back slopes in towards the centre and has circular grooves. The outer edge of the back slopes down towards the outer edge and includes the knob. On the circumference of the stainless steel is 'Reg. No. 839560'. On the back outer side: 'The Bramber / Made by / Gowllands / England.'medical head mirror, hospital, gowllands england, tawonga district general hospital

This dental instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Clear plastic sealed bag holding about 27 steel probes of different sizes. Used for Dental work.On the bag in red handwriting 'Electric'dental probes, medical, hospital, tawonga district hospital

This medical / hospital instrument was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Steel vice with 5 rods at right angles to the bottom plates and a handle on the opposite side attached to the square shaped rod. The handle is covered with a wooden hand piece enabling this square shaped rod to be rotated for winding bandages. The other 4 rods are cylindrical. The handle of the vice can be screwed down to fit onto a table or bench.Handle of the vice: '2697'bandage winder, medical, hospital, tawonga district hospital

This medical / hospital feed tube was used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was built in the 1950's specifically for the increase in population due to the Kiewa Hydro Scheme.Historical: Shows the development of scientific hospital equipment. Provenance: Used in the Tawonga District General Hospital which was remote and therefore required good equipment. Good condition and good interpretation capacity.Clear glass hollow cylinder with one end curved and tapered into a small cylinder.gastric feed tube, medical, hospital, tawonga district hospital

E. R. Watts and Son, makers of theodolites and other surveying instruments, of 123 Camberwell Road, London. The company was established in 1856 by Edwin Watts at twenty-three he had saved £100 from his earnings to start the business with his staff consisting of one boy and later Alexander Clarkson as an apprentice with the workshop a small room over a Bemondsey stable. Watts' first order was from Negretti and Zambra for a mining dial Alexander Clarkson In the early days the firm worked mainly on marine compasses. Edwin Watts would go down to the Docks to adjust the compasses once they had been installed on the ships. In May 1873 the business moved to larger premises a house with a garden. The workshop was also the home of Mr and Mrs Watts and their five sons and three daughters. By now there were fifteen to twenty men employed by the firm. The company were commissioned to supply the Theodolites and Levels for the construction to the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881. Towards the end of the century, the firm began to make heliographs continuing to produce them for the government until just before the Second World War when by agreement assigned their manufacture to another firm. 1904 The first dividing engine was completed by George William Watts. It was so remarkable an instrument at the time and for years afterwards, In 1907 Arthur Ames went to Canada and started an organisation in Winnipeg in 1909 this became a separate company called E. R. Watts and Son Ltd. of Ottawa. This firm developed considerably and was eventually with the co-operation of three other instrument companies (Cambridge Instrument Co, Ross, and Negretti and Zambra), were reconstituted as ”Instruments Ltd” of Ottawa and Toronto. During the next ten years, the firm expanded greatly to include glass grinding, leather work, dividing and engraving, testing, adjusting and packing. This expansion was continued during the First World War when workshops were completed and the machinery installed and running within eleven weeks from the start of construction. During the war, a Sergeant Coles, among the rats, lice and mud of the trenches, fitted various bits of scrap into his cocoa tin and made the first Flash Spotter for plotting the positions of enemy guns. Coles was rushed home to the firm's factory where he and George William Watts designed a spotter not made out of a cocoa tin and as a result, the Watts Vertical Force Variometer was developed during WWI. Other Watts instruments made in the First World War included the Light Mountain Theodolites which were taken on Mt Everest expeditions. In 1919 ER Watts and Sons was incorporated as a limited company and in 1939 G. A. Whipple joined the Board of Directors. Shortly afterwards, Frank Charles Watts died having been Chairman of the firm for over 37 years and seen it through the First World War with all its expansions and difficulties. He was succeeded by his brother George William Watts with the vacant post of Managing Director being filled by G. A. Whipple. During the Second World War, the company expanded further and the number of employees rose to well over 1,300. In 1946 Watts acquired 78% of Adam Hilger and the microscope maker James Swift and Son Who were Manufacturers of Theodolites, Levels, Alidades, Meteorological Instruments, Variometers, and many other types of scientific instruments Then in 1948 the company amalgamated with Adam Hilger as Hilger and Watts which was then incorporated as a public company.Naval Rangefinder with a vertical wooden handle, and an arrangement of optical lenses. Three reversible brass inserts calibrated on both sides in yards, correspond to various base heights, (20 and 25 feet, 30 and 35 feet and 40 and 50 feet). They are fitted along the axis of the instrument. When the scale for the appropriate base height is selected and inserted, the carriage can be slid for coincidence and the distance read at the index mark on the sliding carriage.inscribed "Rangefinder Cotton Type Mk II" Calibrated scale up to 5000 yds (50 ft), 5000 yds (35 ft), 4000 yds (25 ft) made by E. R. Watts & Son.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, rangefinder, cotton type, e r watts & sons, naval range finder, marine equipment