Showing 6211 items matching "ww2---"
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Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Photograph - Housing, 1980
Built post WW2 as home for Rev Canon Albert E Clark. The decorative brick and stone work on house and in garden built by Canon Clark with assistance of wife and daughter Ruth. Ruth Clark, noted botanist, with particular interest in the ground orchids of East Gippsland, continued living here until her death in Septemebr 1997.Colour photograph of a timber dwelling. Tiled gable roof, sash windows, decorative stone work on chimney, base of house, veranda, paths, garden and front fence. Attractive wrought iron railings atop stone fence, at 7 Williams Road, Lakes Entrance Victoriafences, houses, heritage study -
Bendigo Military Museum
Certificate - APPRECIATION BDSC 1996, Bendigo & District Servicemen's Club, C.1996
Jack Colston was a great worker and supporter of the Bendigo & District Servicemen's Club. This certificate was given to Jack in 1996. He was made a Life Member of the Club previously in 1987. With the Bendigo RSL Sub Branch he served on the Committee from1979 - 2000, 20 years, He was involved in Appeals for many years. He served in the RAAF in WW2.Certificate framed, timber black & gold. Certificate is blue background with all text in yellow, at the bottom a depiction of two hands shaking."In Appreciation - Bendigo & District Servicemen's Club and Committee - would like to show their Appreciation to - Mr Jack Colston - For his dedication to the Servicemen's Club over a number of years"brsl, smirsl, bdsc, appreciation -
Portland CEMA Inc (Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts)
Audio - Listening to the Voices - Digitised Interviews Portland CEMA Inc, Bob and Jean Stuchbery Interviewed by Lesley Jackson 1984
The "Listening to the Voices" project aims to preserve the recorded memories of Portland C.E.M.A. ( Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts) early members in order to enable access to local historians, family historians and current members. Bob and Jean Stuchbery were active members in the post WW2 era and throughout the 1950s. Jean made cameo appearances into the 1980sThe series of oral history interviews (1983-1990) captured the memories of some active early members of the Portland Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts. First hand memories of the formation of the organisation in 1945, early activities of its groups, fundraising and building of the CEMA Arts Centre provide a window into community life in Portland and District in the post WW2 era. Recent digitisation (2025) has preserved deteriorating cassette tape recordings.oral history - portland c.e.m.a., portland council for encouragement of music and the arts -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, 627 Whitehorse Road, Surrey Hills
This has been a home/surgery for a number of general practitioners. Dr Hedley Francis Summons is listed on the 1931 and 1936 electoral roll as resident / practising here. He was born in Kew in 1899 (died in 1967) and married Elsie Florence Finlayson in 1925. They had a son and daughter. In 1937 the family returned to Melbourne from Edinburgh. He became Lt Colonel of the 2nd 9th Field Ambulance, 2nd AIF in WW2. He was taken POW on the fall of Singapore and there is a portrait of him by Murray Griffin done in Changi. Dr Lorimer Grant Morton (1904-1989) graduated in 1931 and was registered at 627 Whitehorse Road in that year until c1937. Dr Alan Herbert McNaughton graduated in 1932 and was the general practitioner during the WW2. He is listed at the address in the 1942 and 1943 electoral roll. He married Nancy Winifred Bottomley in 1940. Dr Jack Ramsay Collie (1914-1990) was a general practitioner at 627 Whitehorse Road from c1954-1980. He served in RAN in WW2; married Mary Sewell Graham in 1945 and had a son and a daughter. 627 Whitehorse Road probably ceased as a medical practice after his retirement. Sale history: Sold in November 2007 by Marshall White Real Estate for $1.455M Sold in September 2011 by Jellis Craig real Estate for $1.75MThe house is significant as an example of past practice of general practitioners having their surgeries as part of their home. This example is from a later date than the Surrey Hills Medical Centre (SHMC) at 174 Union Road, which was purpose-built for Dr James Landells Blakie in c1911. In this case the building has reverted to domestic use, whereas in the case of SHMC its use became solely medical.A coloured photograph of a house with an established garden and a wire fence along the front. A tall gum tree stands in front of the house.surrey hills, whitehorse road, doctors, dr hedley francis summons, dr jack ramsay collie, (miss) mary sewell graham, (mrs) mary sewell collie, dr donald malcolm collie, (miss) elsie florence finlayson, (mrs) elsie florence summons, dr alan herbert mcnaughton, (mrs) nancy winifred mcnaughton, dr lorimer grant morton -
Bendigo Military Museum
Administrative record - ENLISTMENT RECORDS, BENDIGO WW2, Municipal Association of Victoria - Enlistment records, C. 1939 - 45
The records from "J - Z" are missing. The records are Department of Labour ones used in the re establishment of returning Service personal from WW2 in the Bendigo area. The card shown in the photos is John Edward Widdison - Fay. Jack as he was known was the longest serving Volunteer in the Bendigo RSL with 57 years service. Refer also Cat No 8129P for RSL involvement.Wooden tray with enlistment card records, brownish colour, all text and typed entries in black. They are in alphabetical order from A - I. At the end are two "W" names and 4 miscellaneous names with pen entry. Each card has No, name, rank, address, next of kin and enlistment date.On front of box in green Dymo tape, "ENLISTMENTS"brsl, smirsl, enlistments -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS OF BRITISH ARMY
1. Taken 1944 at Liverpool base with a mix of men and women including "Beryl Scrimshaw" (Morrel) from British Army. 2. Aug 1944, Liverpool base, formal photo of men and women in uniform and some women in white coats at same location. 3. Women in uniform in WW2 in front of a British Fighter plane. Refer Cat no. 304P & 315.1. Black and white photo, 14 women and 2 men in British uniforms in formal photo in front of buildings. 2. Black and white photo, same location as photo 1, mix of men and women in uniform and some women in white coats. 3. Black and white photo, heavily creased of 6 women in uniform in a field in front of a fighter plane.1. & 2. Both have the stamp of photographer on back and a note saying photo taken in Liverpool Aug 1944. 3. Identification notes written on back and identification of Unit - faded and hard to read.british army, liverpool, uk, ww2 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Letter - LETTER OF APPOINTMENT, Department of Civil Aviation and D.G. Anderson for the Director of Airways, 18th April, 1949
Letter advised F.G. Davey of an appointment with the Department of Civil Aviation. Davey initially wanted to be a commercial pilot after returning from WW2. He qualified to do so but eventually chose to return to his pre-war job as a clerk at Hume and Iser, Bendigo. Part of F.G. Davey collection. See catalogue no. 3536P for his service record.Single page letter in black type on cream paper under the commonwealth of Australia - Department of Civil Aviation letterhead. Handwritten appointment details appear in black ink.Handwritten in black ink: '18.4.47'. Handwritten indecipherable signature in black ink. Handwritten address in black ink: 'Davey F.G. 88 Olinda Street, Bendigo, Vic'. Handwritten appointment time: 'Thursday 24th 1030'.f.g. davey, letter, department of civil aviation -
Greensborough Historical Society
Photograph - Digital Image, Greensborough RSL - artillery piece at entrance to RSL 2, 1940o
This photo shows the artillery piece at the entrance to the Greensborough RSL (Main Street Greensborough). It is a Howitzer 25 pounder gun. It was the standard British field gun of WW2, introduced here from 1940. Australia used them in great numbers, right up to the 1960s, and even manufactured them here, hence why every RSL seems to have one. Digital copy of colour photograph.greensborough rsl -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Photograph - James E Newland VC, Early 21st Century
James E Newland VC was born in Highton, Victoria and served in the AIF during the Boar War, WW1 and WW2. James E Newland was awarded the VC in April 1917 'for most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty, in the face of heavy odds, on three separate occasions.' James E Newland was presented his award by His Majesty King George V.James E Newland VC was born in Highton, Victoria and served with the AIF for over 40 years and obtained the highest honour that can be bestowed for bravery. James enlisted in the Australia Army as a Private and on discharge held the rank of Lt Col. A black and white photograph, oblong, James E Newland in Military Uniform on paper.newland, boer war, ww1, ww2, geeloing rsl, vc -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Tunic, 1943 (estimated); 1940-44
Tunic and badges assembled by owner to respresent a Great War Light Horse tunic from WW2 Tunic which is almost identical to the Great War tunics worn by Light Horse OR's. This tunic forms part of a mannequin essemble representing a 1st AIF 4th Light Horse soldier of the period 1916-1919 serving in Sinai, Palestine and Jordan.Tunic, OR's, 1st AIF style. Woollen serge, 8 oz, Olive drab, 4 patch pockets, 4 large plastic buttons, beige, 9 small plastic buttons, beige. Sgt rank chevrons right sleeve (3 stripes). 5 Blue service chevrons stitched to lower RH sleeve. 2 Colour patches (4LH Regt) Lt blue over Dk blue. 2 'A' badges brass attached to colour patches. 2 'rising sun' collar badges, oxidized copper, attached to collar points.Makers label not present1914, 1918, 1917, ww1, 1916, 1915, jacket, light horse, tunic, woollen jacket -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book - Autobiography, Detained by the Enemy, 1942-1945, 1987
Personal history written by Bill Anderson of his experiences in the Australian Army in WW2. He volunteered at the age of 18 years after Japan entered the war, as an Ally to Germany and Italy, the aggressors. Taken prisoner by the Japanese and held in camps in Malaya and Singapore, enduring previously untold horrors at the hands of the Japanese captors. Written for his grandchildren to read and perhaps understand.Burgundy hard covered book with printed title in gold, containing photocopied handwritten material and printed material.Two photos and descriptions of the author, and his record of his Army Service. 1 - Bill Anderson aged 20 years and 10 months (May 1941); 2 - Bill Anderson aged 66 years and 10 months (May 1987). Service record. These items inside front cover of book.documents, reports, bill anderson, australian army, australian army personnel -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Folio Wartimes Camps, Kormoran, c.2000
Various accounts of the sea battle off the West Australian coast during WW2. HMAS "sydney" was lost with all hands, HSK "Kormoran"mas forced to be scuttled by its German crew, all surviving members of the crew being brought to camps at Dhurringile, Camp 13 and Graytown. Account of the wife of Captain Detmers.and her visit to the Tatura Museum.. Individual accounts of a famous sea battle in WW2.Black two ring folder containing printed material in plastic sleeves. h.s.k.kormoran; h.m.a.s. sydney; dhurringile; camp 13; german p.o.w.; mrs detmers. -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Photograph - Photographs, c1940
Six black and white postcards all with photographs featuring Thomas Karnatz VX48290 POW and fellow soldiers of the 2/24th Battalion possibly taken whilst serving overseas in the Middle East during WW2. Second soldier identified as Joseph Disher Darley VX48803 2/23 Battalion born 16/1/1919 and died in February 1989.Six black and white postcards with images of men in military uniformthomas karnatz, ww2, middle east, pow, 2/24 battalion, joseph darley -
Hume City Civic Collection
Photograph, 1/10/1988
The Ball Court Hotel was built in the late 1870's by John Cahill. It remained with the Cahill family until World War 2. The Lupson family were the hoteliers for 20 years after WW2 and in 1973 the McPhersons rebuilt the interior and added air conditioning to the building. The Ball Court Hotel is the only surviving hotel from Sunbury's early settlement.A coloured photograph of the side view along Macedon Street of the Ball Court Hotel showing the public bar in the original building, the Take-away area and the bistro. There are three windows and a door in the original building. The take-away section has a shop front facade and the bistro entrance has two double glass doors. All doorways are covered with a cantilever brown and white canvas awning. A footpath and grassed nature strip is outside the building. 3 blue and white brewery signs are along the side of the building and 2 air conditioning units are on the roof.In Gothic lettering 'BALL COURT HOTEL'hotels, cahill, john, mcpherson, mr and mrs, lupson, fred, ball court hotel, george evans collection -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Soldiers' Memorial World War 2 in Main Street -- Showing inscription 1999
World War 2 Soldiers’ Memorial 1999. "In remembrance WW2 and Korean War, Malaysia, Borneo, Vietnam". The unveiling ceremony of the memorial was held on Sunday Nov 4th, 1956, by Lieutenant Edmond Herring. KCMG. DSO. MC. EO. The ceremony was dedicated "To the men of Stawell and District who paid the supreme sacrifice in World War 2 and Korean War. Two black & white photos taken in 1999 of World War 2 memorial. One photo an enlargement of the other. The memorial includes a list of all these who served in World War 2 and sits in a garden bed. At the top of the list is a world globe showing Australia surrounded by Asia, at the base Remembrance is prominently written around the base. stawell ww2 -
Ballarat RSL Sub-Branch Inc.
Duffle bag
This item was used as a duffele bag to carry equipment (ie. blankets, clothes, food) by the service man, Stanley Linton Nicholls. Nicholls was born in Ballarat on 16 June 1911 and was enlisted during WW2 into the second Australian Imperial Force on 4th August 1942 in the third military district of Victoria. He served as a Corporal and was discharged on 19 December 1945.Canvas bag, cylindrical in shape with closed round base and open, drawstring top. Smaller circle of same material attached inside drawstring opening as an internal cover/flap when closed. Metal eyelets (12) along top hem for drawstring (missing); two eyelets missing. Name and service number inscribed on side of bag in paint; slight staining around paint. Side panel: “S.L. NICHOLLS/VX84489/45017”. Green circle with three line breaks at even intervals. Green circle repeated on base. Base: Green circle as above. “45017”bag, barracks bag, gear bag, kit bag, canvas bag, equipment bag, duffle bag -
Kyneton RSL Sub Branch
Mt Macedon War Memorial Cross tile, Original completed in 1933, additions made 1941 and restoration 1995
The original idea to create a monument was conceived by William Cameron. The monument was first constructed of cement block tiles and was a memorial to all those who served in WW1. Later gates were added to the precinct in memory of those who served in WW2. Restoration of the Memorial took place in 1995, with the original tiles being replaced by replaced by re-inforced concrete. Mt Macedon Memorial Cross is a significant War Memorial in the district. ANZAC Day dawn service is held at the Mt Macedon Cross, it is an impressive setting.Glazed precast cement block coloured to resemble sandstone, mounted on wooden stand. Centre front is a metal plate inscribed : Mt Macedon War Memorial Cross.On the back of the stand is a printed description of the construction history of the Mt Macedon Memorial Cross. No 77, on white sticker ( previous cataloguing number) memorial -
Bendigo Military Museum
Uniform - UNIFORM, ARMY, Post 1950
Items of uniform issued to Francis William (Dinky) Dean BEM, VX93960 2nd AIF and 3742 A.R.A 1943 - 1975. Refer Cat No 124.2 for his full service history. The ribbons denote service in WW2, Korea, Malaya and Vietnam during his service. Since retirement he would have received approx 4 more awards.Uniform, Service dress. .1) Shirt polyester .2) Trousers .3) waist belt .4) neck tie kahki .5) Jacket and waist belt, comprises 2 x collar badges, 3 x rows of service ribbons, 1 x Unit citation, shoulder lanyard, ICB, 3 x Sgt’s stripes on arms .6) Slouch hat .7) Shoe black .8) Shoe blackcostume - headwear, uniforms - army, footwear -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Photograph - Photographs, K.W. Truscott
Gravestone photographs of Keith William "Bluey" TRUSCOTT 400213 Awarded DFC & Bar - Born 17/5/1916 Prahran Victoria WW2 RAAF Squadron Leader and Ace fighter pilot who served in Europe, South West Pacific and Milne Bay. Played for Melbourne Football Club. Died at sea and buried at Karrakatta Cemetery in Perth Western Australia. Three coloured photographs depicting head stones in cemetery400213 Squadron Leader K.W. Truscott DFC & Bar Royal Australian Air Force 28th March 1943 Aged 26 In Loving Memory of our Darling Son His duty nobly done. truscott, raaf, ww2, dfc -
Bendigo Military Museum
Ceremonial object - SHIPS BELL, HMAS BENDIGO 1941, 1941
HMAS BENDIGO (J187) was an Australian made "Corvette" which served throughout WW2 until 'paid off' on 27 September 1946. The Bendigo Military Museum also holds the last ensign of HMAS BENDIGO, it has a large number of auto graphs. We also hold the wooden crest and Battle Honours Board, this is on loan for 5 years. Refer to Cat 4546 Ensign.1. This is a medium size ships bell. It is cast from Brass. It has a protrusion on the top with a hole in it, used for mounting. The words HMAS BENDIGO 1941 are engraved into the side and painted black. The exterior surface has a few pits, but has been polished numerous times. The interior surface is rough cast, with a large quantity of dints, where it has been struck by the clapper. 2. This is the clapper. There is a steel hook under which is a weight of steel. Under that is a ring. Suspended from the bottom ring is the rope handle. This is an excellent example of navy rope work. At the top of it is a metal ring. Under that is a white and red stylised crown. Under the 'headband' of the crown is a white rope handle with blue inserts. At the bottom is a large rope "Ball" with numerous rope threads of about 180mm length.ww2, ran, hmas bendigo -
Lara RSL Sub Branch
Identity Card, National Registration Identity Card
The National Registration Card was issued to everyone in Great Britain at the outbreak of WW2. Introduced in 1939 at the outbreak of war. It had to be carried at all times if you were an adult and shown upon demand to the Police etc. Initially, all cards were coloured brown like my Dad's example, but in 1943 a new blue coloured card was introduced for adults. This card was issued in 1943.Used in the UK by residents during WW2Folding identity card made from light cardboardOn the cover (see image) is a picture of the British coat of arms and the wording National Registration Identity Card. Inside (see image) is information of person. Number: BCDP 157, Surname: Van Lier, Christian Names: Abraham, Class Code: A, Full Postal Address: 89 Sherwood Avenue Greenford UK, and his signature. On rear (see image) are endorsement stampsidentity card, national identity card, united kingdom, van lier, 1943, world war 2, ww2 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH WW2, 1941
Francis Alan BURCHNALL VX58285, 2/10 Ord W/shops enlisted 24.6.41, promoted to Cpl, possibly embarked with his father on 10.1.42. Taken P.O.W he lost his life on the Sandakan Death march in Borneo 4.6.45. His father also lost his life in Borneo. Refer Cat No 1117P for his WW1 and WW2 service details.Photo, Sepia tone, protrait of a soldier in uniform no hat, photo is on a light brown paper material over a metal frame all has a plastic coating over. Photo is re CPL F.A Burchnall. photography- photgraph, military history, sandakan -
Geelong RSL Sub Branch
Documents & Photographs 6454 James F Fry, Early 20th Century
6454 James F Fry enlisted in the AIF on 27 October 1916 and served in France during WW1. 6454 James F Fry embarked Australia on the HMAT Hororata on 23 November 1916 and returned to Australia on HMAT Runic on 22 March 1918. James F Fry also served in the Volunteer Defence Corps during WW2 his regimental number was V361385.The photographs and documents are copies of the originals belonging to 6454 James F Fry. The medals are the originals belonging to 6454 James F Fry.Black and white photographs, oblong, on photo paper. The photographs include those of 6454 James F Fry, a unit photograph, photographs of the hospital St Leonards by the Sea, England, discharge Certififate, Recognition Certificate from Balliang RSL. Medals - British War Medal and Victory Medal with ribbons., silver colour, round, gold colour round. On the back of the hospital photograph only, St Leonards by the Sea, England. The Meds are inscribed around the edge - 6454 J F Fry AIF 24 Battalion.ww1, 24 battalion, 6454 james f fry, ww2 -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Baer, Froschle, Zimmermann and Fugman Family February 1943
The Baer, Froschle and Fugman families were interned in Camp 3 during WW2. Photograph taken 4 December 1943. Back row (left to right): Michael Baer, Martin Zimmermann, Wilhelm Fugmann. Front row: Martha Baer, Gerda Baer, Theo Baer, Irma Zimmermann, Irene Zimmermann, Lore Zimmermann, Hertha Fugmann, Gernot Fugmann and Ekkehard Fugmann. Black and white photograph of a 3 men standing, 3 women and 6 children sitting in front of a hut, camp 3. internment camp 3, baer family, zimmermann family, froschle family, fugman family -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Stadly and Prager Families 1945
The Prager and Stadly families were internees in Camp 3 during WW2. Photograph taken 10 March 1945. Back row (left to right standing): Alfred Stadly and Fritz Prager. Front row sitting: Fred Stadly, Luise Stadly, Ursula Prager, Gertrud Prager and Rolf Prager. Black and white photograph in file. Foam backed photograph in file. Sepia photograph of two men standing behind two women and three children sitting. Hut in right hand side and left hand side. Shrubs behind the group.824alfred stadly, fritz prager, fred stadly, luise stadly, ursula prager, gertrud prager, rolf prager, camp 3 internees -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, 150 Ans de Memoire Collective Caledonienne, 2003
A short history of the diverse nationalities that make up the society of New Caledonia after French possession, including various groups, including Japanese migrants who were interned in Australia, Camp 4. in WW2.|Single men of Japanese origin were held in Loveday Camp in South Australia and prisoners of war in Cowra, NSW. The book was published for the Exposition in September, 2003Orange, grey and white soft cover with green, black and orange text on the front cover. Grey and white back cover with repetitive phrase on the backww 2 camp 4, cowra, loveday -
Chiltern Athenaeum Trust
Photograph, 09/11/1918
Served in WW1 in the Australian Army Medical Corp before transferring to the Royal Air Force. Also served in WW2, where he was appointed pathologist to the 2/7 Australian General Hospital. Appointed Medical Officer to the Administrator of the Trust Territory of New Guinea from 1925 into 1930's, and did extension research on parasites. Foundation fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia On Chiltern Shire WW1 Roll of Honor & Cornishtown School WW1 Roll of HonorPhotograph of Thomas CLIVE Backhouse chiltern, ww1, ww2, cornishtown, new guinea -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Instrument - Aircraft Navigation Computer
The navigational computer was a circular slide rule used for calculating height and air speed corrections when flying an aircraft. The front cover lifts to reveal a further calculator used to solve vector triangles and plot course alterations. The device was intended to be strapped to a pilot's leg. The instrument was made by White and Gillespie (Melbourne) Pty Ltd c 1940 for the RAAF and used during WW2.Black metal box with silver metal flap top cover affixed with rotating circular rule . Two adjustable belts are affixed to the base of black box. A small spiral bound note book is contained beneath the flap top. RAAF Computer Navigational system MK. III. D. Serial No WG 2833navigation, raaf, computer, aircraft, ww2, 1940 -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPHS, WW2 SOLDIERS, c1939- 1945
These refer to the service of "Dinnen, Thomas Michael" NX17247, Born Annandale, NSW. Enlisted 24 May 1940. Discharged 29 Oct 1945, Rank L/Sgt in 2/17 Aust Inf. Btn.1. portrait of an Australian Soldier with a peaked cap. He has a Rising Sun badge on his cap. The portrait is black and white. 2. Black and white photo - group of five Australian soldiers WW2. They are positioned in front of a simple weatherboard wall. A ladder is on the ground behind them. A cross in blue ink marks one soldier. Written on top of photo is - Tom Dinnen. 3. Postcard in form of a Palestinian Pound in black and white. It has three images in circles. A woman and two male soldiers. It has two written languages, Hebrew and Arabic. It is unposted.1. On the back is "To Thelma with Best Regards from Tom". On the front bottom is written Tom Dinnen. 2. Written on back is Tom Dinnen, 23 Dec 1940. 3. On the rear is written "Bell, Jim & Tom".ww2, photos, soldiers -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - POSTER PHOTOGRAPHS, 1960
These are copies of original posters reproduced on Photograph paper.Set of photos of women's service posters WW2. .1) WAAAF Recruiting poster coloured photo .2) AWAS recruiting poser photo for AA defence in colour .3) Recruiting poster for AIF showing mother and child. .4) Recruiting poster photo for womens land army .5) Recruiting poster photo women to join red cross. 2 shillings membership in colour. .6) Recruiting poster for women to be a victory job. in colour. .7) Welcome back poster photo displaying woman with red cross badge in colour. posters, photographs, recruiting