A steam boiler like this late 18th century boiler, is often called a colonial boiler. Steam boilers were used in factories throughout Australia, mounted over similar designs of brick furnaces. This heat from the fire travels through the tubes in this fire tube boiler and the water heats as it circulates around them. Another kind of boiler is a water tube boiler, in which the water is inside the tubes and the heat of the combustion surrounds the tubes. The boiler in our collection burned wood as fuel but others of this design could also burn coal, coke, gas and liquid fuels. The boiler was made by T & F Johnson, boilermakers. In 1922 their factory was located at Coventry Street, South Melbourne. They were still advertising their 'Colonial, multi, vertical boilers, all sizes' at the same address in 1934. The connected pressure gauge, made in London by Dewrance, measures 0 to 400 pounds per square inch. John Dewrance is renowned as a pioneer of the steam locomotive in the early 19th century. He founded John Dewrance & Co. in South London in 1844. His son Sir John Dewrance took over in 1879. In 1939 the company became a subsidiary of Babcock & Wilcox, and was eventually owned by Emerson. How the boiler works: - A boiler is about two-thirds filled with water and heat is applied, in this case in the form of burning wood. The heat is transferred through the metal of the boiler to the water. When the water boils the steam rises to the top, and as it escapes from the boiler the steam pressure builds up in the steam space to later be released to do work; drive machinery such as ship and train engines, turbines, presses, wheels, and driving belts to operate looms and saws. The heat associated with the boiler can be used for preserving food, sterilising, factory manufacturing processes, and steaming wood for shipbuilding. Every boiler has several components fitted for safe operation: - - Safety valves - Gauge glass - Pressure gauge - Main steam stop valve - Water check valve - Blowdown valve - Manhole doorThe boiler is a significant item that gives us a snapshot of early Melbourne's industrial history. It is an example of the technological advancement during the Industrial Revolution where steam-driven machinery and motors could perform tasks more efficiently than manual labour. The makers were one of many boilermaker businesses in Melbourne during the early late-19th andearly 20th centuries. The maritime trade and skills of boilermaking are still learned and applied today. The Dewrance steam pressure gauge connected to the boiler was made by the London firms foundered by John Dewrance. He was renowned for developing the steam locomotive in the early 19th century.Boiler; a horizontal cylindrical underfired steam boiler. It is a multi-tubular design and is timber plank-clad, with brass fittings and pressure gauges. The boiler has an iron door at one end with a metal chimney above it. It is installed over a brick-enclosed solid fuel furnace. Two large, wood-mounted pressure gauges are connected to the boiler and have inscriptions. An inscription is on a red, cast iron plaque above the boiler door. The boiler's maker is T & F Johnson, South Melbourne. One of the pressure gauges was made by Dewrance, London..Maker's plate: "T & F JOHNSON / BOILERMAKERS / SOUTH MELBOURNE" Pressure gauge: "POUNDS PRESSURE / PER [square] INCH / DEWRANCE LONDON"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, boiler, multi tube boiler, steam boiler, steam technology, underfired boiler, horizontal boiler, timber clad boiler, steam power, industrialisation, boilermakers, south melbourne, dewrance, john dewrance, pressure gauge, dewrance pressure gauge, t & f johnson, london, steam engine, steam locomotive, pounds per square inch, 19th century, steam machine, johnson tyne foundry, colonial boiler, fire tube boiler

This container could be filled with hot water and put on the floor of a train so that passengers could warm their feet by placing their feet near the container. A blanket could be put over the warmer to contain the heat. This foot warmer was used on trains. A galvanised iron container with a screwable stopper at the top and metal handles on both ends. foot-warmer metal-foot-warmer

Technical Bulletin from A. K. Lever & Co. Pty. Ltd., manufacturers of 'Nulon' Nylon Bearings & Bushes. Headings include: General Characteristics, Co-efficients of friction for Nylon on steel, Chemical Resistance, Water Absorption, Condition of material, General, Lubrication, Load and Speed, Heat Conductivity - Wall thickness, Thermal Expansion, Fitting and Wear - Running in,sciences, bill ashman collection - correspondence, a k lever & co pty ltd, nulon nylon bearings & bushes technical bulletin, mcpherson's limited

Covers from "Sunbeam Frypan instruction manual". An example of 1950s advertising through cooking and homemaker books. In this book, instructions and recipes are given for using a Sunbeam controlled heat electric frypan. The back cover shows examples of other Sunbeam appliances.An example of mid 20th century advertising through 'how-to' books.Digital copy of front and back covers of a book.historic advertisements, recipes, electric appliances, electric frypans, sunbeam appliances

These small heavy flat irons were used to iron clothes prior to electric irons being invented. They were heated on a wood fire stove top and used quickly before they lost heat to iron items of clothing and other small items. These irons were very heavy so that they retained the heat when heated by a wood fire stove top prior to electricity being connected to houses. Flat irons were used in the 1800's and in the early 1900's.Heavy black small flat iron with handle on top. Iron tapers from flat wide base to rounded point. It has a round logo on front under the handle.Unreadable round possibly manufacturers logo.social history, irons, ironing, domestic items, 1800's

Paraffin lamp. Dark wooden turned ornate stem. Metal base. Vitreous enamel fuel reservoir. Glass chimney with mantel. Plastic and cloth shade."Aladdin 21C Made in England GB. PAT. NOS. 694273-4 21C11" imprinted on fuel reservoir. "Aladdin heat resistant glass" imprinted on chimney. " Remove this gallery when lighting REG. TM. Aladdin Made in England" Written on gallery (under chimney)lighting, kerosene & oil, aladdin, kitchen lamp, light, paraffin, mantel, table lamp, chimney, lamp shade.

This tuyere (word from French origin) was used by professional blacksmiths and or cattlemen before and during the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme was being constructed. The need to use a furnace or forge in the shaping of metal rods, horse shoes and pipes is both a rural necessity and a construction, on site requirement. The "inventiveness" of cattlemen and construction workers to produce metal objects not available "off the shelf" is one of the inherent traits not only of rural self sufficiency but in the "pioneer" days of rural isolation one of survival.This tuyere is of great significance to the Kiewa Valley and its regions because it highlights one of the greatest strengths of the rural (especially isolated) life and its folk living there, and that is the great human factor of adaptability and survival techniques in sometimes harsh and demanding environmental circumstances. The inventiveness and the attitude, "she'll be right mate", demonstrates life on the land where specialised blacksmith activities can be found in non "professionals" because of the fact that "someone" has to do the job. This is one of the differences between country "rural" life and that found in cities and larger towns.This iron cone shaped tuyere has a small hole (diamenter 25mm) starting within an ever enlarging cone (amplification of the air pressure going through) delivering varying hot or extremely hot air into a furnace or hearth which intensifies the heat to allow the "shaping" of metal objects. The larger "flared" cone extension allows for the directed air to be spread and not concentrated.blacksmith tool, tue, bellows, fashioning metal, forge manufacturing process

Yields information about the arrangements at 16 June for a farewell functions that was planned for the employees leaving the SEC at the time of the tramway closure., Yields information about the arrangements at 16 June for a farewell functions that was planned for the employees leaving the SEC at the time of the tramway closure.Photocopy on heat sensitive paper of a memo to employees "Farewell function - Tramway Employees", dated 16 June 1971, outlining the arrangements for a farewell function for the 83 employees leaving the SEC. Gives the invite list, but no date as yet, depending on the final closure dates. Has "Works Superintendent and Tram Depot foreman" typed in red in top left hand corner.trams, tramways, closure, ballarat, sec, depot, functions

Kerosene irons were used c1930 - 1950 especially where electricity wasn't available. Shelite was another fuel that could be used instead of kerosene. The advantage of the kerosene iron was that it didn't require a stove to be lit (especially in summer) to heat the iron and it didn't require electricity.Residents in the Kiewa Valley used kerosene irons.This black iron is made of cast iron with a steel base and a black wooden handle. This Comfort iron has a ball shaped container with a screw-on lid to hold the fuel (kerosene or Shelite). At the bottom of this ball is a pipe going down then meeting another pipe at right angles to it leading into the iron. At the pipe junction there is a handle on a screw to limit the amount of fuel. The Kerosene would flow through this pipe. There is a filler plug air stem on top. This is a self-heating iron.Comfort iron / Self Heating Comfort Iron MFD by / National Stamping and Electric Works / made in U.S.A. Chicago iron, domestic, laundry, pressing clothes, household, kerosene, shelite

This is a food cover, most commonly used in homes in the days before refrigeration and plastic containers. It usually contained food, mainly meat, to protect it from flies, heat or draught while allowing the air to circulate around it and it could be hung in sheds, kitchens, cellars etc. This food cover is retained as a memento of domestic objects used in the past and will be useful for display purposes.This is a food cover made of metal with a circular base and decorative sides, finely pierced to create a mesh pattern. It has a fluted and patterned top with a ring handle. It is rusted.vintage kitchen items, warrnambool & district historical society collection

This type of implement is used to gather food or if large enough, to carry a baby. The size of this item suggested it could have been used for either purpose. This is a women s implement.A bowl shaped dish, decorated with a witchety grub design.Witchety grub motive characteristic of the Central Desert tribes.coolamon dish, aboriginal wooden implements, central desert tribes.

Mornington Perpetual Trophy Donor: The Mornington Yacht Club 1985 Deed of Gift: No Donated to commemorate the Jubilee class 50th anniversary and is awarded to the winner of the last heat of the Victorian Championship for the J. A. Linacre Memorial Trophy. First Winner: Killara J, R. A. Chisholm 1986 jubilees, mornington

Photocopy on heat sensitive paper, 3 foolscap sheets, stapled, titled "Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Fleet List", dated April 1975 from the Bus and Coach Society of Victoria News sheet. Lists bus number, number in fleet, builder chassis, type, fuel, body builder, type, doors, seats, date in service and disposal date along with notes.trams, tramways, mmtb, buses, bscv

c1881 Henry W Seely, of New Jersey, USA, designed and patented an electric sad iron for pressing and smoothing material. He continued to modify and improve his designs, with his partner Richard Dyer, and other electrical appliance firms, e.g Hotpoint, began producing these flat irons that could provide continuous heat by connecting via an electrical flex to a light socket and hence without the need for hot fires, ash, or burning hot handles. Women with access to an electricity supply were delighted and their ironing chore became much less arduous No heat was felt at all from the iron as it is all concentrated on the bottom surface. By the early 20th century enthusiasm was building for the new electric smoothing irons: clean, powerful, adjustable, and labour-saving. This c1935 Premier System 'Smoothwell' flat iron was used by a resident of City of Moorabbin and is an example of the progress made from the sad irons used by the pioneers that are displayed beside it.A "Premier Smoothwell" electric flat iron with switched control lead and original box, c 1935 On plate of handle attached to Iron ' HARRODS Ltd. / LONDON On attached plate at rear of iron ' The "SMOOTHWELL" / "Premier System" /......... Plate on cord Plug " PREMIER/ FLAT IRON CONNECTOR/ THIS SIDE OUTWARDS/ (2 columns) 1) FOR 100-125 VOLTS/ USE THREE TERMINALS/ THUS ..... 2) FOR 200 - 240 VOLTS/ USE TWO RIGHT/ HAND TERMINALS/ ONLY/ THUS......seely henry w., sad irons, electric flat irons, dyer richard, edison thomas, hotpoint pty ltd., premier electric company birmingham england, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, laundry, sewing, craftwork, table ware, irons

The Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme (KHES) produced electricity for the people living in the Kiewa Valley and beyond to many parts of Victoria. The people and their families working on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme were encouraged by their employer the State Electricity Commission of Victoria to purchase and use electrical appliances. The iron was popular as it was quick and easy compared to those used previously. This iron belonged to Ron White who was a senior member of staff during the construction and operation of the KHES.This iron was owned by Ron White. Ron was appointed Area Operations Engineer at Kiewa in June 1956. He was later appointed as General Superintendent and then in 1974 appointed to principal Hydro Engineer of the recently titled Hydro Division.Electric iron with long cord attached at the side toward the back. Iron shape is of an oblong with pointy front. When laid down, the black handle is at the top with a red button centre front (to choose between steam and dry). Under the handle is the 'turntable' (used to select type of material/heat). At the front of the black is an outlet for the steam. Beneath the black section is the metal shiny cover and solid base.Dial (turntable) - centre red with 'Hoover' and red section on outside with 'steam'. To the left of 'steam' is 'High, Linen, Cotton, Wool'. To the right of 'steam' is 'silk, rayon, nylon'. On the handle at the front "Hoover" in gold.electric appliances; steam iron; electric iron; laundry; ron white; kiewa hydro electric scheme; hoover industries.

This iron was used by women, in their domestic role, to press the clothes from the mid 19th century. Coal embers were put inside, heating the base of the iron, to press the family's clothes and linen. Small bellows were used to fire up the embers to keep the iron hot. In the Kiewa Valley the embers would have been from the local hard wood growing on the farms.Ron White worked for the SEC on the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. The iron belonged to his mother. Ron remembers being a boy of approximately 8 years of age, watching his mother do her ironing with this charcoal iron in the c1920s.This iron is made of cast iron. It has a hinged lid so that coal embers can be put inside for heat. The lid has a curved funnel. Bellows are used to blow air into the iron and keep the coals burning. It has a wooden handle and a lever (also with a wooden handle) to open the lid. There is a 2 and a half centimetre hole at the back of the iron to check the coals. The hole has a swivel cover.There is an embossed "S" on the swivel cover.iron, laudry, household, charcoal, antique, domestic, pressing clothes

Small Brown/maroon booklet of 24 pages. Includes constitution, subscription, membership, rules of horse racing in general, standard weights for age, weighing, starting, heats, foul riding, nominations, disqualifications, stakes, forfeits, betting, scratching and amendments and additions made to the rules of the Ballarat Turf club approved at a special general meeting held at Craig's Royal hotel on 9 October 1872Ammended rules have been crossed out in red ink ballarat turf club, horse racing, sport of kings,

a. Frank Griffin(trainer) of Sunderland Boywith Semi-final Trophy from Mondaythe 15th of May fastest qualifer, Time 41.35seconds. Draw box 8 for the cup on 22may 1987. b. Photographers Caption with regard to the photo. c. Note to Nathan Dole with regard to Bendigo Cup heat and box winners and box draw for the final to be held on Wednesday17 January 2001. Signed Bob Bibic.clubs and associations, sport, greyhound racing

Yields information about consideration of one-man tram operation and ministerial questions., Yields information about consideration of one-man tram operation and ministerial questions.Memorandum and a copy of a letter, both on heat sensitive paper of a letter to the Minister dated 1/6/1962 - concerning the operation of one-man trams - very hard to read original. .1 - Memo dated 9/5.1962 seeking information following a letter from the Ministers office. .2 - Letter from Ministers office requesting further information - almost unreadable, even the scan is poor.trams, tramways, closure, letters, one man trams

Demonstrates an aspect of Ballarat where trams stopped at the Tramway City Centre terminus. Has the Ballarat Town Hall, a well known feature at this location.Black and White photograph of SEC No. 11 and No. 13 at the City Centre terminus, east bound in Sturt St. Has the Ballarat Town Hall in the background. Taken late 1960's? Tram No. 11 has a "Twin Lakes" on the front of the tram and "Nothing Beats Briquettes for Heat" roof advertisement and destination of Lydiard St Nth. Photographer unknown. Has been used for display purposes.tramways, trams, sturt st, town hall, tram 11, tram 13

Yields information about the arrangements made for the tram crews in terms of times and hours worked in Ballarat during 1971.Photocopy on heat sensitive paper of the "On and Off - Total Times of Duty" for each run, 1971. Has separate sheets for Weekday, Saturdays and Sunday. Gives the sign on location, run, on and off, first and second parts time and Total time. Has "LJD /71", showing that Les Denmead authorised the roster. 2nd copy of 3rd sheet added 3/1/2020 - better copy, rescanned. trams, tramways, ballarat, rosters, employees, shifts, timetables

Following the use of flat irons the base of the iron was made into a container to put glowing coals inside it and keep it hot a bit longer. This was called a charcoal iron. It had a hinged lid and air holes to allow the charcoal to keep smouldering. They are sometimes called ironing boxes, or charcoal box irons, and may come with their own stand.This item is an example of a domestic appliance in common usage before the advent of electricity.This is a charcoal iron which was heated by burning charcoal inside it. It is made of iron and has wooden handles, one on top for lifting it and one on the catch at the front that keeps the iron closed. Both of these handles were needed to load the iron with charcoal easily. As wood does not conduct heat well, these handles made the task of filling the iron much easier. The holes around the base of the iron are for letting the fumes out.Top- "M.G."iron-charcoal domestic

The Ballarat School of Mines is a predecessor institution of Federation University Australia. The Contents outline areas covered. The School Council, The Staff, Graduates of the School, Facts about the School, School Boards, General Regulations, Student Activities, Scholarships, Prizes, Courses of Instruction, Professional Diploma and Certificate Courses, Art Department, Trade Department, Juniot Technical School.R W Richards was the Principal and L C Garner was the Head Master of the Junior Technical School.Beige soft covered book of 67 pages. It includes information on the courses offered by the Ballarat School of Mines in 1955. Photographs include: 2 students on the steps to the Administration Building. The student on the top step is Alec Kinnane; Rear of the Administration Building, student activities; heat engines laboratory, Civil Engineering students, micro-examination of metals; Potter (Neville Bunning in background); machine shop; wool classing ballarat school of mines, prospectus, alec kinnane, wool classing, electrical engineering, surveying, courses, r w richards, principal, l c garner, head master, diploma courses, certificate courses

Colour postcard of SECV Ballarat No. 26, photographed in Wendouree Parade during possibly late 1975 by W.J.Kingsley for the BTPS postcard. Tram has St Aidans Drive destination and "TRAM RIDES" signs. Tram in SECV livery. Has "Nothing Beats Briquettes for heat" advertising board on side. On rear is a note regarding the tram, the BTPS and its operations, printers name and photographers name, with place for stamp and address. trams, tramways, wendouree parade, btps, postcards

Replica Builders Plate, sign - cast brass with raised letters within two raised lines and four screw holes in each corner. Black painted background. "Designed and Manufactured at the Tramways Board Workshops Preston" Two copies held, both within plastic heat sealed envelopes with small label "Replica $20-" Produced by Tony Smith of the MTPA, c2010, cast by Hasco Foundry, Ballarat.trams, tramways, signs, tramcars, tramcar bodies, mmtb, new trams

This kettle is a common household item and would have been used on the top of a wood stove. Copper was commonly used as it is an excellent conductor of heat. Elements of its construction would point to it being manufactured by hand. It could have originated from local plumber Alex Anderson who operated from Fairy St in the period 1920-1940. This is a common household item from the early 20th century when most household would have relied on wood stoves for cooking. As a handmade item it also has significance as an example of skills from earlier times.Circular copper kettle with lid with copper handle and handle with black bakelite handle which is eight ridges .The handle is rivetted to the body of the kettle.The base is rolled over the body of the kettle around the edge.The spout has a join along the top.warrnambool, copper kettle, alex anderson