History Option H.3.C. Tobacco Industry at Dadwells Bridge Contains various photographs.Clear Plastic cover with dark blue edge. on Plastic History Option P. Van Diesen. On Paper underneath cover Tobacco Growing in Dadswell Bridgestawell farming

Tobacco Growing - Pomonal 1930’s Murphys Blockstawell

Growing tobacco at Morningside Halls Gap, Lorna (Topsy) Warren, Ronald Warren, Mrs Warren, Sheil (later Leighhead). One copy is a slide held in slide box No. 244.4 people in crop of tobacco Lorna Warren (Topsy), Ronald Warren, Mrs Warren, Sheila Warren (later Leighhead)Names of people in photographpeople, warren, misc industries, tobacco growing

Tobacco Growing - Pomonal 1930’s Curing Barns.stawell

Tobacco in the Kiewa Valley. Tobacco was grown in Victoria for many years but the main areas (from the 1960s) included the Upper Kiewa River Valley where areas were suited. A Tobacco Research Station was established in Myrtleford, the geographical centre of the North Eastern tobacco growing area.Tobacco was grown successfully in the Kiewa Valley1. Leaflets x2 Green paper - 'The Tobacco Plant' Prepared by The Tobacco Growers of Victoira Limited in consultation with the Dept. of Agriculture Tobacco Research Station, Ovens. 1980s 2. papers yellowed and printed on both sides. - 'The Golden Leaf - The story of the tobacco leaf. Prepared by the Tobacco Growers of Victoria Ltd.' 1980stobacco, kiewa valley, agricultural farming

The photograph represents the migratory labour force involved in hop growing, the major farm activity on "Panlook's Hop Gardens", Eurobin in 1934. William Panlook a descendant of a Chinese storekeeper on the Buckland Diggings, had originally commenced tobacco growing at the location until devastating frosts and unreliable tobacco prices brought a change in land use. The photograph represents the transition that occurred from tobacco to hops cultivation in the early 1930s. It is now a permanent feature of the farming landscape at Eurobin. It depicts the reliance on migratory seasonal labour and the importance of local expertise, some of Chinese descent. A sepia-coloured photograph of 30 hop pickers.Inscription: "The Panlook Boys, 1934"hop growing. panlooks hop gardens. eurobin

The photograph depicts the 2nd important stage in tobacco growing--transplanting seedlings into open paddocks. It depicts early post-war machinery in use at the time until affordable modern tractors were available. The planting machine has probably been adapted from the horse-drawn era pre-World War 2. The scene is one near Myrtleford in the Ovens Valley.The photograph depicts the slow adaptation of modern tobacco farming methods in the immediate post-war period and the type of terain suitable for tobacco growing. The labour intensive nature of tobacco planting is also depicted.A colourized photograph of tobacco planting activity in a paddock near Myrtleford.Inscription: Planting Tobacco N.E. Victoria"tobacco farming tobacco planting machinery

This carte de visite was taken of Hiram Crawford in fire brigade uniform taken by Stewart & CO., Melbourne. Hiram Crawford was Captain of the Beechworth Volunteer Fire Brigade for twenty-five years. Hiram arrived in Australia at the age of 21 in August 1853. He mined for short time at Back Creek Bendigo, then went to the Ovens where he sought gold in Spring Creek, Buckland and 3 Mile. After moving to Albury for 18 months he married Anna, moved to Woolshed and was there for two years mining gold. After discovering his fortune he formed Crawford and Co. Coaching Lines in Beechworth in late 1856. It was this company which became the longest surviving coaching business in the State of Victoria. Hiram and Anna had two daughters. Anna died in March 1862 and in May Hiram left from Melbourne to return to the United States on a visit. Hiram married Martha Foster during this visit and returned to Australia in March 1863. With his coach line established, and leaving it under management, he moved around the north east of Victoria establishing and building shops and the Star Hotel and Theatre in Chiltern in 1866. In 1869 he moved to Melbourne for a few years in which time he built the Eastern Arcade in Bourke Street. In 1876 the family returned to Beechworth for a few years eventually moving to Everton where Hiram grew hops, tobacco, fruit trees and established the largest lemon orchard at that time in Australia. Hiram spent a considerable amount of his time helping to develop the North East of the State not only in his private endeavours but as a public figure. Among his many achievements a few are listed - Councillor, Mayor of Chiltern and Beechworth, President of the Shire on two occasions, Director of many mining companies, Inaugural Chairman and Director of the Beechworth Gas Company roles he held for over 20 years, Foundation member of Beechworth Pottery, Committee member of the Beechworth Hospital, Captain/Superintendent of the Vol. Fire Brigade for over 20 years, Foundation, Life member of and on the State Fire Brigade Board for many years, President of the North Eastern Railway League in Chiltern On a personal level Hiram was involved in lodges including St. Johns #14, Beechworth. and had several grazing properties in the Ovens area. He had the Forest Park Hotel at Carboor, the Creamery at Carboor, and grazing land on which the Milawa Creamery was built during his ownership. He was a committee member for 3 committees duirng the 1888 International Exhibition in Melbourne. Hiram had many voyages around the world studying irrigation, hop growing, tobacco growing and drying. During his retirement in Melbourne Hiram purchased many properties in the Elsternwick area and acted as an Estate Agent. After the death of his second wife Martha, Hiram married for the third time in 1912 to Sophia Maude Heatley. Crawford and Co continued until 1921. [Taken from HighCountryHeritage.com.au]Black and white reproduction of a studio portrait of Hiram Crawford in fire brigade uniform, printed on gloss photographic paper and bordered with a white frame.Badge on uniform sleeve reads: CAPTAIN / BVFB Obverse: AB/ Stewart & CO./ Melbourne Reverse: Hiram Collection/ BMM2435burke museum, emergency services, beechworth, carte de visite, black and white, fire brigade, hiram crawford, stewart & co., melbourne.

Stencil used by Sgt. Albert David Lowerson, VC, a soldier settler on Merriang Estate near Myrtleford. Lowerson acquired one of 19 blocks assigned by the Closer Settlement Board on the 700 acre estate in 1920. The stencil marked bales of cured tobacco leaves prior to shipment to Melbourne. Lowerson was one of the few successful soldier settler farmers in the district, operating a piggery, dairy farming and growing tobacco for almost 20 years on "St. Quentin". (Lowerson was awarded the Victoria Cross at Mont St. Quentin on September 1, 1918.) His success and status enabled him to lead a submission on farm debt and infrastructure problems when the soldier settlement scheme was being reviewed at government level. He was active locally on these issues and supported fund raising for a war memorial, memorial hall and veteran welfare.The stencil represents the achievements of A.D.Lowerson, VC as an isolated example of success as a WW1 soldier settler and as a local identity who stridently supported the need for recognition and support of ex-service personnel.Stencil made of thin sheet metal, rusted .Wording of stencil "A.D.LOWERSON. MYRTLEFORD." lowerson a.d., merriang estate, myrtleford, closer settlement board, tobacco, st. quentin, victoria cross, world war 1

Historical: Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming. Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Glenns Creek, Mongans Bridge. The can was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Mytleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley. Used for pouring Benzol into special long flat troughs in seed beds. Rusty tin rectangular can with handle on 1 side, opposite side has a spout coming from the bottom of the can reaching out higher than the can and held in place by a flat piece of tin jutting out from the can. At the top there is a screw opening with a lid and a handle both on one half of the top and on the other half an opening has been cut.tobacco, kiewa valley, mongans bridge, glenn creek, handmade can. benzol. aurora. silvano rossaro.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. The dividers were home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Wood plank with wire attached through a hole at each end in from side edge to create a stand. Another piece of wire stands vertically and is folded over to create blunt edge at the top. At the bottom it goes through the wood and along a bit to hold the wire in place. There are 6 dividers and because they are handmade the measurements vary slightly. tobacco. kiewa valley. mongans bridge. parmeson. rossaro, lorenzi brothers. grading dividers.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. The picking bag was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Picking bag known as 'Sacco'. The bag was used as a liner to the collecting bin in front of each of the 4 pickers on the picking machine. The bag was then hooked closed and held the leaf together for transport to the shed. Brown hessian woven length with 2 thick wires at 1 end hooked through 'bag' 100 mm from each side and hook on other end. Shaped in 1 rectangle rather than like a bag.Edges rough with wear and tear. A couple of holes where weave in 1 direction has torn.tobacco. picking bag. mongans bridge. kiewa valley. sacco. parmesan. rossaro. lorenzi brothers.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. The picking apron was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Picking machines replaced the picking apron. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.The apron was used to gather green leaf before picking machines were made. Thick cotton cream apron, hemmed around the outside. Widest at the waist which has 2 rings each side where string is attached with a knot to tie around the waist. From the ring, material tapers inwards to form a bib. The corners of the bib have rings from which white rope is attached to hang around the neck. Similariy material tapers to the bottom where rings in the corners have rope attached - also to hang around the neck. Half way between the waist and neck, the material is double stitched and overlapped. grubbytobacco. mongans bridge, kiewa valley, parmesan, rossaro . picking apron.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of it major industries. Many of the italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Wooden, panelled red (painted on outside) rectangular box on side are iron bars with steel reinforcements around the box, near the top and bottom on 4 sides and across the middle on the 2 ends and front (not back). Diagonal steel between bottom and middle iron on the front. Ends: 2 iron bars from the ground curved up to top holding an iron rectangular beam that goes from end to end. Midway of beam is a vertical long screw at the top of which is a cross formation of 4 iron rods forming a handle for turning. Inside, the screw is attached to an iron frame which is attached to a wooden panelled platform enabling it to be raised or lowered as required.tobacco. mongans bridge. kiewa valley. hand press. parmesan. rossaro. lorenzi brothers.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. The tobacco 'stretcher' was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.The 'stretcher' was used for carrying dry tobacco from kiln to stacking shed and later from stacking shed to the grading benches. 2 tree logs parallel to each other with 2 hessian bags cut into a piece each to overlap down the middle and starched between and held by a plank of wood nailed along at each end. The tree logs are held in position across the middle and behind the hessian by a thick plank of wood.Holes. One piece of hessian has painted in green:- Albury NSW and 5 green rectangles printed on it at the top partly covered by wooden plank.tobacco. mongans bridge. kiewa valley. kiln. shed. parmesan. rossaro. lorenzi brothers.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.The twine was used to tie green leaf in bunches onto the sticks. There were 26 bunches per stick and 500 sticks per kiln. Spool of tying cotton used on electric sewing machine. With the bailing, the sewing needles were housed on a hook on the top edge (of the tying horse) with the correct length of string at hand - time was of the essence. A large ball of orange, scratchy, twine kept together by a piece of twine wrapped around it.tobacco. mongans bridge. kiewa valley. twine. tying horse.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley. The Tying Horse was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: The tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Burley tobacco stick is different to Hicks type stick. Tying of green leaf on the sticks - with the twine attached. There is small sharp metal blade on the end of the horse used for cutting twine. Rectangular wooden frame. The beam along the bottom is kept in place by 2 diagonal planks on each side and at both ends. The beam keeps the frame upright with 2 cross beams at each end. At each end there is a vertical beam with a 'V' cut out of each to hold a wooden beam/stick/tree branch. Wood is rough.tobacco. kiewa valley.tying horse. guido angelini.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. The frame holding the thermometers was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Used for monitoring the temperature and humidity in the kiln during the drying process of the tobacco leaf (the thermometer is missing the water holder) 2 thermometers attached to a steel attached to an old rusty tin frame with handle at the top enabling it to be hung, using wire, to hook on the wall. Tin frame has cap on it coming out to protect the thermometers and a base for standing the frame up. 1 thermometer has a hollow piece of material (or cord) strip (125 mm long) attached to the bottom of it.Beside the thermometers is inscribed on steel - the lines for measuring and numbers from 40, 60 (by 20s) up to 240.tobacco. kiewa valley. mongans bridge. wet and dry bulb thermometer. silvano rossaro.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the italian families were involved in tobacco farming. These scales were bought from Arthur Barnard in 1962.Historical: Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Iron circular plate attached to iron frame with rings attached to rings at both ends. 1 end facing frontwards and second end facing sideways. At 1 end is a back to front iron S formed as a hook. Attached to the middle of the plate is a very thin and sharp pointer. The plate is attached to a rectangular iron solid rectangle. Used to weigh leaf when bailing.0 - 250 numbers (by 10s) and measurements faintly inscribed around the edge of the plate.tobacco. kiewa valley. mongans bridge. arthur barnard. scales. rossaro.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.2 different sized iron needles curved and pointed at 1 end and opening at the other. Twine: like soft string - 35 lengths tied together. Used for hand closure of tobacco bales.tobacco. kiewa valley. mongans bridge. twine. sewing needle. rossaro.

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Iron pointed spear with 4 sides opening for handle where there are 3 sides the missing face being on one of the narrow sides. Split where iron has come apart is opposite the opening and is 60 mm long. tobacco. kiewa valley. spear. burley

Tobacco farming began circa 1960 in the Kiewa Valley and consequently became one of its major industries. Many of the Italian families were involved in tobacco farming.Historical: This equipment was used on one of the first tobacco farms in the Kiewa Valley at Mongans Bridge. The sand sieve was home-made showing the resourcefulness of farmers living in the Kiewa Valley. Provenance: This tobacco farmer came from Italy and was sponsored to visit a tobacco farmer in Myrtleford to learn how to grow tobacco so that he could transfer those skills to his own farm in the Kiewa Valley.Used for sifting sand over the sowing of tobacco seed in seed beds. Rectangular wooden frame with tin attached on all 4 sides. Tin has been punched randomly to form ragged holes about 20 mm apart. A wooden beam has been attached vertically to the frame and extends upwards to form a handle tapered towards the end. Tin is nailed on. tobacco. kiewa valley. mongans bridge. vannucci. sand sieve. rossaro.

A cigarette lighter is a portable device used to generate a flame. It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with a flammable fluid or pressurized liquid gas, a means of ignition, and some provision for extinguishing the flame. A spark is created by striking metal against a flint, or by pressing a button that compresses a piezoelectric crystal (piezo ignition), generating an electric arc. In naphtha lighters, the liquid is sufficiently volatile, and flammable vapour is present as soon as the top of the lighter is opened. Butane lighters combine the striking action with the opening of the valve to release gas. The spark ignites the flammable gas causing a flame to come out of the lighter which continues until the top is closed (naphtha type), The Beney Company was founded by Robert Ernest Beney of London, England. R. E. Beney invented and marketed the first Beney mechanical lighter in 1919. Beney also designed and manufactured numerous luxury lighters and striker boxes for Alfred Dunhill of London as well as Hermes of Paris. In 1938, Beckenham based Beney Lighters was acquired, adding utility lighters and precision tools to the company's (Winn & Coates) ever growing list of products. The biggest selling line manufactured by Beney was the Economic Gas Lighter which hung on the side of housewife's gas cookers and was also used for lighting Bunsen burners in laboratories. In 1939-1940 the company moved its administration to the Beney Lighter premises in Beckenham after the Head Office at Trinity Square along with many company records were destroyed in a 'doodlebug' flying bomb attack. Beney Ltd. continued producing lighters at least through the late 1954. A green metal cigarette lighter that used fuel and a striking action arm to produce a flame .base: BENEY / COMPANION / PATENT 568897 / BRITISH MADEtobacco, cigarettes, cigarette lighters, fuels, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, early settlers, beney pty ltd, beckenham england

W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) Ltd began manufacturing tobacco products in 1913 at its Raleigh Park factory in Kensington, Sydney. In 1945 an estate of 16 acres was purchased at East Bentleigh, Melbourne, with a further 22 acres purchased later and the Virginia Park manufacturing branch was established. The 1950s were to be one of the most successful decades in the company’s history and it enjoyed a peak of 83 per cent market share in 1954. But this was also a period of increased competition as Phillip Morris and Rothmans entered the Australian tobacco market. By 1972, increased competition meant that the company’s market share had slipped to 39%. By the time tobacco advertising was banned on Australian radio and television in 1976, Wills' market share had fallen a further 6%. In 1985 Wills combined the separate factory operations in Sydney and in Melbourne into one site at Pagewood, Sydney which took on the name Virginia Park. In 1989 W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) became a subsidiary of the British American Tobacco Industries group of companies. 1999 British American Tobacco merged with global competitor Rothmans International. Rothmans in Australia and Wills merged to form the wholly-owned subsidiary British American Tobacco Australia. The merger left British American Tobacco Australia, Phillip Morris and Imperial Tobacco Australia Virginia Tobacco, or Flue-cured tobacco, is named after the US state where it was first cultivated. It is also called ‘bright tobacco’ because of the yellow to orange colour it achieves during curing. It grows particularly well in subtropical regions with light rainfall, such as Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas in the USA, Southern Brazil and Zimbabwe. In Australia, blends are predominantly Virginia, for example, Dunhill and Winfield. Virginia blends contain only flue-cured Virginia tobacco W.D & H.O. Wills Pty Ltd - In 1945 an estate of 16 acres was purchased at East Boundary Road, East Bentleigh, Melbourne, with a further 22 acres purchased later and the Virginia Park manufacturing branch was established. The plant was closed 1985 when the firm moved to Pagewood, Sydney New South WalesA circular tin with a lid that is opened by twisting a coin in the rim and closed by screwing the lid down. Instructions written on base of tin. Contained ‘Log Cabin’ tobacco.lid :LOG CABIN / FLAKED GOLD LEAF / TOBACCO / base ; LOG CABIN / SKRU SEAL / To open twist coin / to reseal screw lid / TOBACCOtobacco, cigarettes, smoking pipes, cigarette papers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, log cabin tobacco, w d & h o wills pty ltd , british american tobacco ltd, rothmans international ltd, east bentleigh

Black & White cigarettes were produced in England, Virginia Tobacco, or Flue-cured tobacco, is named after the US state where it was first cultivated. It is also called ‘bright tobacco’ because of the yellow to orange colour it achieves during curing. It grows particularly well in subtropical regions with light rainfall, such as Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas in the USA, Southern Brazil and Zimbabwe. In Australia, blends are predominantly Virginia, for example, Dunhill and Winfield. Virginia blends contain only flue-cured Virginia tobacco A tin with a hinged lid for 'Black & White' Cigarettes. a black silhouette of a man in a top hat is the trade mark BLACK & WHITE / 'MARKOVITCH' / VIRGINIA / CORK TIPPEDcigarettes, tobacco, cheltenham, moorabbin, bentleigh, early settlers

W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) Ltd began manufacturing tobacco products in 1913 at its Raleigh Park factory in Kensington, Sydney. In 1945 an estate of 16 acres was purchased at East Bentleigh, Melbourne, with a further 22 acres purchased later and the Virginia Park manufacturing branch was established. The 1950s were to be one of the most successful decades in the company’s history and it enjoyed a peak of 83 per cent market share in 1954. But this was also a period of increased competition as Phillip Morris and Rothmans entered the Australian tobacco market. By 1972, increased competition meant that the company’s market share had slipped to 39%. By the time tobacco advertising was banned on Australian radio and television in 1976, Wills' market share had fallen a further 6%. In 1985 Wills combined the separate factory operations in Sydney and in Melbourne into one site at Pagewood, Sydney which took on the name Virginia Park. In 1989 W.D & H.O.Wills (Australia) became a subsidiary of the British American Tobacco Industries group of companies. 1999 British American Tobacco merged with global competitor Rothmans International. Rothmans in Australia and Wills merged to form the wholly-owned subsidiary British American Tobacco Australia. The merger left British American Tobacco Australia, Phillip Morris and Imperial Tobacco Australia. Virginia Tobacco, or Flue-cured tobacco, is named after the US state where it was first cultivated. It is also called ‘bright tobacco’ because of the yellow to orange colour it achieves during curing. It grows particularly well in subtropical regions with light rainfall, such as Georgia, Florida and the Carolinas in the USA, Southern Brazil and Zimbabwe. In Australia, blends are predominantly Virginia, for example, Dunhill and Winfield. Virginia blends contain only flue-cured Virginia tobacco The W.D.&H.O.Wills Ltd manufacturing plant was situated in Boundary Road East Bentleigh 1945 – 85. Virginia Park is still a Commercial Business Area A tin with a hinged lid for 'Capstan' "Navy Cut tobacco Lid: CAPSTAN / NAVY CUT / W.D. & H.O. WILLS LTD inside lid - This tin of which only a / limited number will be / issued will be found convenient / for smokers as a vest / pocket container and can / easily be refilled with the / contents of the ordinary 1oz / packets of 'Capstan Tobacco'tobacco, cigarettes, cheltenham, moorabbin, early settlers, smoking pipes, cigarette papers, bentleigh, navy cut tobacco, w d & h o wills pty ltd , british american tobacco ltd, rothmans international ltd, east bentleigh, capstan tobacco

This newspaper article was produced at a time when newspapers were the main source of local information. The period before the explosion of mobile communication technology and the cost effectiveness of communication by "texting" and internet "social connections, eg. facebook and other social media networkings" The newspapers were the main links between and within large regions. The Hydro Courier was first printed in 1950 as a YMCA community service publication by Mr. Albert Clarke YMCA Officer and Mr. Alex McCullough a State Electricity Commission employee. This paper was one very important publication that provided relevant community information to all and was the major contributer to the "Valley" cohesive fibre and unity. This article not only records the celebration (centenary) of the Tawonga School but also presents the history of the school and important events such as various relocations of classrooms and how the region was settled and developed from the 1870's onward. The yawonga school opened in 1880 on 8 acres of land. It consisted of one large wooden building (22 ft x 11 ft). It had two windows, one brick chimney, bare wooden floor and a shingle roof. This article also presents the time when Mount Beauty area was likened to an island and occasionally school children could not attend school because of a flooded Kiewa river. The article also covers the changes brought about by the increased employment opportunities from SEC Kiewa Works(1935), the Sawmill(1946), the Gold mine(1949) and the Tobacco Industry (largest growing area in Australia).This item is a one page (original) article of the centenary celebrations for Tawonga Primary School came from the Alpine Observer and incorporated the Hydro Courier. It covers the arrangements for the celebration of the 100 years of the school's existence. The printed layout is typical of the typeset in use in 1980's. There are seven distinctive type collumns separated by a printed line. Three photographs are published with one photograph of a demountable classromm ,circa 1980, and the other two of student class photos of 1899 and 1914. Teacher and student names are listed below each photograph. On the back of this page are "specials" for "Sam's Cut Price Stores", specifically the Myrtleford store. Of interest is the advertisement of "Cartons of Cigarettes at cut prices". The page was produced as part of a "run" with "telltale" holes at each corner for stabilising the page in the printing process."Centenary Celebrations For Tawonga Primary School" below this in an enclosed heading "ALPINE OBSERVER" underneath in smaller print "WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED" below this in larger print "THE HYDRO COURIER" and below this from left to right, "No. 719 (Vol. 3) THURSDAY, 23rd OCTOBER, 1980" next "in smaller print Recommended Price Single Copy, 20c "(cents)rural school development, tawonga school centenary, kiewa valley development 1880 to 1980