Showing 241 items matching "world politics"
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Unions BallaratWorld politics : trend and transformation, 12th ed, Kegley, Charles W Jnr et al, 2009
... World politics : trend and transformation, 12th ed...Trend and Transformation in World Politics 1. Interpreting world politics 2. ...Trend and Transformation in World Politics 1. Interpreting world politics 2. ...GovernGlobal politics, economy, power and collective action. Table of contents: Part 1. Trend and Transformation in World Politics 1. Interpreting world politics 2. Theories of world politics 3. International decision making Part 2. The Globe's Actors and Their Relations 4. Great power rivalries and relations 5. The global south in a world of powers 6. Intergovernmental organizations and the quest for global governance 7. Nongovernmental organizations and the shape of the global future 8. People power and the promotion of human rights Part 3. The Economic and Demographic Dimensions of Globalization 9. The globalization of international finance 10. International trade in the global marketplace 11. The demographic and cultural dimensions of globalization Part 4. Threats to the World 12. Threats to the preservation of the world's common ecology 13. The treat of armed aggression to the world Part 5. Realist Roads to National and International Security 14. The military pursuit of power through arms and military strategy 15. Alliances and the balance of power Part 6. Liberal Paths to World Order 16. Negotiated conflict resolution and international law 17. Liberal approaches to collective security Part 7. Envisioning Your Alternative Global Futures and Predicting Global Transformations 18.Thinking about global trends, transformations, and the future of world politics. Relevant to global issues in the political arena.Paper; book. Front cover: orange/red/brown theme; white lettering.Front cover: author's name, title and edition.btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, ballarat trades hall, politics, economics, economy, collective action, globalisation, power, ecology, military, law -
Surrey Hills Historical Society CollectionBook, Canterbury Cricket Club : 125 years of cricket at the Canterbury Cricket Club 1887-2012, 2017
... The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. ...The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. ...The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. ...In 1887 Melbourne was a little more that 50 years old and the game of cricket barely established in the colony. The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. This is the story of 125 years of Canterbury Cricket Club.In 1887 Melbourne was a little more that 50 years old and the game of cricket barely established in the colony. The Canterbury Cricket Club has survived world wars, the great depression, uncertain world politics and major social changes to the way we work and to our leisure time options. This is the story of 125 years of Canterbury Cricket Club.Front page : signed by the author : Sam Gardinercanterbury cricket club, cricket, (mr) simon gardiner -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Routledge, International history of the twentieth century and beyond, 2008
... World politics - 20th century...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges World politics - 20th century World politics 21st century This major global history of the twentieth century is written by four prominent international historians for first-year undergraduate level and upward. ...This major global history of the twentieth century is written by four prominent international historians for first-year undergraduate level and upward. Using their thematic and regional expertise, the authors cover events in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas from the last century and beyond. Among the areas this book covers are: the decline of European hegemony over the international order; the diffusion of power to the two superpowers; the rise of newly independent states in Asia and Africa; and, the course and consequences of the major global conflicts of the twentieth century. This second edition is thoroughly updated, and includes extended coverage of European integration, the rise of supra-governmental organizations, and the 'global War on Terror'.Index, bib, ill, maps, p.613.non-fictionThis major global history of the twentieth century is written by four prominent international historians for first-year undergraduate level and upward. Using their thematic and regional expertise, the authors cover events in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas from the last century and beyond. Among the areas this book covers are: the decline of European hegemony over the international order; the diffusion of power to the two superpowers; the rise of newly independent states in Asia and Africa; and, the course and consequences of the major global conflicts of the twentieth century. This second edition is thoroughly updated, and includes extended coverage of European integration, the rise of supra-governmental organizations, and the 'global War on Terror'.world politics - 20th century, world politics 21st century -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Oxford University Press, Strategy in the contemporary world : an introduction to strategic studies, 2010
... ...World politics - 20th century...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Strategy World politics - 20th century The most comprehensive analysis of strategic studies available, Strategy in the Contemporary World, Third Edition, reflects upon recent events and assesses the role of military power in the contemporary world. ...The most comprehensive analysis of strategic studies available, Strategy in the Contemporary World, Third Edition, reflects upon recent events and assesses the role of military power in the contemporary world. Taking a functional approach and looking at issues from both times of war and of peace, editors John Baylis, James J. Wirtz, and Colin S. Gray analyze the conflicts themselves--as well as what can be learned from them. This new edition covers topics such as intelligence and strategy, strategic studies and its critics, as well as strategy in practice, providing a comprehensive and insightful collection of contributions from a team of leading experts in the field.Index, bib, p.442.The most comprehensive analysis of strategic studies available, Strategy in the Contemporary World, Third Edition, reflects upon recent events and assesses the role of military power in the contemporary world. Taking a functional approach and looking at issues from both times of war and of peace, editors John Baylis, James J. Wirtz, and Colin S. Gray analyze the conflicts themselves--as well as what can be learned from them. This new edition covers topics such as intelligence and strategy, strategic studies and its critics, as well as strategy in practice, providing a comprehensive and insightful collection of contributions from a team of leading experts in the field.strategy, world politics - 20th century -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Time-Life Books, The aftermath: Europe, 1982
... ...World politics - 1945...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Diplomatic history - Europe World politics - 1945 The geopolitical consequences of the European war Index, bib, ill, p.208. ...The geopolitical consequences of the European warIndex, bib, ill, p.208.non-fictionThe geopolitical consequences of the European wardiplomatic history - europe, world politics - 1945 -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Cassel, Wars of national liberation, 2001
... World politics - 1945-...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges World politics - 1945- National liberation movements An account of why wars have been fought in the post world war two period. ...An account of why wars have been fought in the post world war two period.Index, bibliography, ill, maps, p.224.non-fictionAn account of why wars have been fought in the post world war two period.world politics - 1945-, national liberation movements -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Hamlyn, Illustrated history of twentieth century conflict, 1992
... ...World politics - 20th century...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges Military history - 20th century World politics - 20th century Chronological pictorial and textual description of 20th century conflict Index, ill, p.400. ...Chronological pictorial and textual description of 20th century conflictIndex, ill, p.400.non-fictionChronological pictorial and textual description of 20th century conflictmilitary history - 20th century, world politics - 20th century -
Monbulk RSL Sub BranchBook, Chancellor Press, World War I, 1914-1918, 1998
... ...World politics - 20th century...Monbulk RSL Sub Branch 48 Main Road Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges World War 1914-1918 - History World politics - 20th century An illustrated history of social and military aspects of the Great war Index, ill, maps, p.175. ...An illustrated history of social and military aspects of the Great warIndex, ill, maps, p.175.non-fictionAn illustrated history of social and military aspects of the Great warworld war 1914-1918 - history, world politics - 20th century -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial LibraryBook, Robert Gordon Menzies, Speech is of time : selected speeches and writings, 1958
... World politics...Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial Library via Monbulk RSL, 48 Main Rd Monbulk yarra-valley-and-the-dandenong-ranges World politics Commonwealth of nations A selection of speeches and writings by Robert Gordon Menzies Ill, p.246. ...A selection of speeches and writings by Robert Gordon MenziesIll, p.246.non-fictionA selection of speeches and writings by Robert Gordon Menziesworld politics, commonwealth of nations -
Greensborough Historical SocietyMagazine, The Bulletin, The Bulletin Holiday Book - The best of The Bulletin in '73 - and much more, 1973
... world history...australia politics and government...Greensborough Historical Society 34A Glenauburn Road Lower Plenty Lower Plenty melbourne The Bulletin: a 1973 magazine with articles and stories regarding politics, history and cartoons relative to Australia and abroad. comics australian culture world history australia politics and government Magazine in black and white print, illus. ...The Bulletin: a 1973 magazine with articles and stories regarding politics, history and cartoons relative to Australia and abroad.Magazine in black and white print, illus. (some col.)comics, australian culture, world history, australia politics and government -
Unions BallaratYear of decisions: Memoirs by Harry S. Truman Volume I (Don Woodward Collection), Truman, Harry S, 1955
... military - world war ii...politics... and biographical interest - United States. btlc ballarat trades hall ballarat trades and labour council truman, harry s. presidents - united states military - world war ii politics and government - usa memoirs history - usa Purple stamps: "COMPLIMENTARY" and "TUDOR DISTRIBUTORS PTY LTD, 54 PORTER STREET, PRAHRAN … VIC." ...Memoirs of Harry S. Truman focussing upon the year 1945. 1945 was the end of World War II and the beginning of the Atomic Age. Truman was President of the United States from 1945–1953. He took office following the death of Franklin Roosevelt.Historical, political and biographical interest - United States.Book; 637 pages. Cover: white background; black and white photograph of Harry S. Truman, blue, black, grey and yellow lettering; author's name and title.Purple stamps: "COMPLIMENTARY" and "TUDOR DISTRIBUTORS PTY LTD, 54 PORTER STREET, PRAHRAN … VIC."btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, truman, harry s., presidents - united states, military - world war ii, politics and government - usa, memoirs, history - usa -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.Book - PAPERBACK BOOKLET MEIN KAMPF BY R.C.K. ENSOR
... ...Politics...World...BOOK Politics World war II Adolf Hitler Yellow cardboard bound Paperback Booklet covered in brown paper - 'MEIN KAMPF' BY R.C.K. ...Yellow cardboard bound Paperback Booklet covered in brown paper - 'MEIN KAMPF' BY R.C.K. ENSOR - OXFORD PAMPHLETS ON WORLD AFFAIRS NO.3 / Oxford at the Clarendon Press 1939 / first page - 'Herr Hitler’s self- disclosure in Mein Kompf / Page 2' In this pamphlet Mr. R CK Ensor gives an account of Herr Hitler's disclosures of policy in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) and of the extent to which this policy has been so far carried out, and assesses future possibilities. He describes briefly Herr Hitler's theory of 'race' , the doctrine of Lebenstraum, or 'habitat', and the scale of annexation prescribed for Greater Germany. Mr. Ensor is a Fellow of Corpus Christi College /// first published 6.7.1939, reprinted July 1939book, politics, world war ii, adolf hitler -
Ballarat Tramway MuseumNewspaper, "City that loves its cable trams", 1950's
... Discusses the social mix and cultures of the city, its cable trams, politicians, night life, and its position in world politics. Has a photo of a California St cable car. ...Discusses the social mix and cultures of the city, its cable trams, politicians, night life, and its position in world politics. Has a photo of a California St cable car. ...Newspaper clipping from a Melbourne paper, no date marked titled "City that loves its cable trams", written by Journalist Don Iddon visiting San Francisco. Discusses the social mix and cultures of the city, its cable trams, politicians, night life, and its position in world politics. Has a photo of a California St cable car. Item was contained within the back cover of Reg Item 5485 - Service Exercise Book, black covers, with label, red binding titled "No. 2 - Ballarat Tramways & S.E.C. Systems" - see list. cable trams, san francisco, usa -
Federation University Art CollectionMixed media, Simone Maynard, Looking East, 2006
... Simone MAYNARD (1974- ) Melbourne based contemporary artist SIMONE Maynard is primarily influenced by the 1980s, reflecting a period of increasing global capitalisation, political upheaval, world-wide mass media, wealth discrepancies and distinctive music and fashion characterised by hip hop and electric pop music....Federation University Art Collection Artworks are displayed at Federation University Australia campuses at Ballarat, Gippsland (Churchill), Stawell and Horsham. goldfields Simone MAYNARD (1974- ) Melbourne based contemporary artist SIMONE Maynard is primarily influenced by the 1980s, reflecting a period of increasing global capitalisation, political upheaval, world-wide mass media, wealth discrepancies and distinctive music and fashion characterised by hip hop and electric pop music. available Portrait Verso: Looking East 40x3 20060 inches; acrylic, ink & collage, hand stitching on canvas. ...Simone MAYNARD (1974- ) Melbourne based contemporary artist SIMONE Maynard is primarily influenced by the 1980s, reflecting a period of increasing global capitalisation, political upheaval, world-wide mass media, wealth discrepancies and distinctive music and fashion characterised by hip hop and electric pop music.Portrait of a womanVerso: Looking East 40x3 20060 inches; acrylic, ink & collage, hand stitching on canvas. SIMONE MAYNARD DEC 2006available, portrait -
Unions BallaratEdmund Burke (Don Woodward Collection), Kramnick, Isaac, 1974
... From back cover: Edmund Burke has long been recognized as the intellectual source of one of the modern world's most influential political ideologies: conservatism. ...Unions Ballarat 24 Camp Street Ballarat goldfields From back cover: Edmund Burke has long been recognized as the intellectual source of one of the modern world's most influential political ideologies: conservatism. ...From back cover: Edmund Burke has long been recognized as the intellectual source of one of the modern world's most influential political ideologies: conservatism. Yet he took an uncompromising stand for the cause of the American colonies and championed the rights of persecuted Catholics in Ireland and England. In this volume, Isaac Kramnick explores the many sides of this fascinating political sceptic. This multifaceted portrait examines the skillful writings and speeches that catapulted Burke into the aristocratic political community. In addition, the comments of such men as Tom Paine and Samuel Johnson reflect the way Burke's contemporaries regarded the man who decried both the French Revolution and the rape of India by English adventurers. The commentaries by modern historians illustrate the profound impact of Burke's dynamic words and actions on his own time and country and the legacy he has left for the modern world. ------------ Burke was a Whig who served in the House of Commons.Political, social and biographical interest - United Kingdom.Book; 180 pages. Front cover: cream/white background; black and white picture of Edmund Burke; white and black lettering on brown background; editor's name and title.Title page: name (illegible). Inside back cover: stamp reading "Book Market, Peter White 212-2478, 711 George Street, Sydney"; in pencil, (a) 3308 (b) 575 (c) PC 82875. btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, ballarat trades hall, burke, edmund, biography, autobiography, politics and government, whig party, political ideology -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Book, Odhams Press Ltd, The story of 25 Eventful years in Pictures, early 20th century
... world events such as the vote for women. It is mainly a British perspective with a number of items relating to the royal family and British politics of the time....world events such as the vote for women. It is mainly a British perspective with a number of items relating to the royal family and British politics of the time. ...A collection of photographs of events of the years from 1911 to 1935. It shows many world wide events such as events around World War 1, sports events such as horse racing and cricket, scouting, flights over Mt Everest, fashion, the fall of the tzars in Russia and other world events such as the vote for women. It is mainly a British perspective with a number of items relating to the royal family and British politics of the time.This book has historical and social significance as it records in photographs many events which occurred in a very turbulent period of world history. While it has no direct link to Warrnambool it would have been of general interest to local people.Blue cover with silver print on front cover and spine. Front cover has embossing in a floral pattern.Inside front and back covers the paper is patterned in silver and blue with crowns and flags.512 pages with mainly photographs in sepia colours.the story of 25 eventful years in pictures,, world events -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Trophy :Rose bowl, 1930s
... World War One and was injured and captured by the Germans. When he returned to Australia he acquired Mount Elephant Station near Derrinallum, Victoria and continued his interest in flying, becoming an expert on aviation. In politics...World War One and was injured and captured by the Germans. When he returned to Australia he acquired Mount Elephant Station near Derrinallum, Victoria and continued his interest in flying, becoming an expert on aviation. In politics ...This trophy was awarded in 1933 as a championship cup by the South Western District Rifle Clubs Union. Rifle Clubs have been operating in Warrnambool since 1860 and in 1904 the South Western District Rifle Clubs Union was formed. The donor of the trophy, James Fairbairn (1897-1940) was a pastoralist, aviator and politician. He served with the Royal Flying Corps in World War One and was injured and captured by the Germans. When he returned to Australia he acquired Mount Elephant Station near Derrinallum, Victoria and continued his interest in flying, becoming an expert on aviation. In politics he was firstly the member for Warrnambool in the Victorian Legislative Assembly and then held the Federal House of Representatives seat of Flinders. He was the Minister for Civil Aviation and in 1939 became the Minister for Air. He was killed in an aircraft accident in Canberra in 1940.This trophy is of considerable interest because it is a 20th century memento of the rifle clubs in the Warrnambool district and because of its association with James Fairbairn, a notable Western District personality in the first half of the 20th century. This is a silver-coloured metal bowl soldered on to a supporting stem on a circular base. There are two handles on each side of the bowl. The top of the bowl is covered with wire mesh with the original idea that the bowl could hold flowers (hence the name ‘rose bowl’). The bowl is inscribed on one side. The item is very tarnished.‘Paramount Plate Regd. EPNS Quality Plate Warranted Hand Soldered’ ‘Championship Cup No 12. South Western District Rifle Clubs Union’ ‘Presented by J. V. Fairbairn, Esq. M.L.A. 1933’ warrnambool rifle club, south western district rifle clubs union -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.Book - World War Two Armstrong Cartoons, Harold Armstrong, Mein Kranks, c 1940
... World War Two cartoons in the Argus. This book is of interest as a fine example of the Armstrong war cartoons published in the Melbourne Argus in the 1940s. The artist uses humour and satire to elaborate on the political ...World War Two Armstrong CartoonsThis is a book of 48 pages. The cover has a cream background with a red strip on the front side cover. The front cover has a sketch in grey, black, white and red and printing in red and black. The pages are stapled and have an adhesive tape binding added to the outside spine. The pages contain sketches in black, white and grey shading.fictionWorld War Two Armstrong Cartoonsworld war two cartoonist armstrong, world war two -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyBook - Reference Countryside, The Australian Countryside in Pictures, circa 1950s
... World War II period. This shift in the leadership of the family hierarchy is mentioned, so ever slightly, (not to offend the still predominant macho male image) in both rural and city environments. The effects of the war, and later the push for women's emancipation and equality in both family, social, workplace and political areas of life, since this book was published, is now finally resolved. ...World War II period. This shift in the leadership of the family hierarchy is mentioned, so ever slightly, (not to offend the still predominant macho male image) in both rural and city environments. The effects of the war, and later the push for women's emancipation and equality in both family, social, workplace and political areas of life, since this book was published, is now finally resolved. ...This book is a "snapshot" in time (1950s) detailing life in Australia covering a time when a "man's word and handshake" were his moral and quasi legal bond, and the now relative defunct saying "smoko" (having a "time out" from work for a cigarette and tea or coffee). The book spans an era where the male was still the "head" of the family even though for a majority of families the women took on the many "male only" roles during the World War II period. This shift in the leadership of the family hierarchy is mentioned, so ever slightly, (not to offend the still predominant macho male image) in both rural and city environments. The effects of the war, and later the push for women's emancipation and equality in both family, social, workplace and political areas of life, since this book was published, is now finally resolved. However there are still some sections of the recent migrate population where this male dominance is causing a few problems.The significance of this book is not only because it was donated by Mrs C. Roper ( from the Roper Family, a pioneer Kiewa Valley and surrounding Region family - originally beef cattle graziers) but also a Kiewa Valley resident and family, experiencing the shift in the social and economical life of post World War II rural Australia. The strong heritage link to this region of many families still residing within its boundaries, is a clear affirmation of the bond that the Kiewa Valley and its Regions have upon family unity. This unity within the rural environment is something that is attracting more and more families from sometimes alienating city life.This printed coloured sketched, or painted paper sleeve of the book is freely wrapped over a dark red hard cover. Into the front of the cover is pressed a standing pose of a farmer with long sleeves rolled up over his elbows. Behind him and to the right are what appears to be three sacks of wheat and next to him is a merino sheep. To the left and down are two dogs one with a fox in its jaws. The book contains 240 pages, 300 illustrations in gravure and 25 pictures in full colour. The inside fly leaf is a colour photograph of a rural scene with dirt road running in the centre and to the left a farm house and a five bay open storage barnOn the tittle page is a signature "C Roper"country life, australian "outback", rural industries, life on the land, swag-man of the bush -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyTape Measure, mid 1900s
... World War II, when Australia had to defend its own boarders that the political push for self sufficiency of manufactured goods started local production. ...World War II, when Australia had to defend its own boarders that the political push for self sufficiency of manufactured goods started local production. ...This item predates the change of Imperial measure (England -1824) to decimal measure (Europe) in Australia (1970 to 1988). This item was manufactured in England as, was the majority of measuring tool and equipment. It was not until the late 1950s that other countries e.g. United States and Europe provided the same type of manufactured tools for the Australian market. World War II, when Australia had to defend its own boarders that the political push for self sufficiency of manufactured goods started local production. Workers in the Kiewa Valley had always relied on the high quality of tools and manufactured goods coming from England. From the middle to late 1950s migration by skilled workers from a war torn Europe provided the source of manpower for the expansion of the manufacturing industries in Australia.The requirement of an accurate measuring tool has always been critical. This item was used at the time when Australia was using the British Imperial measurements. Accurate measurements by carpenters and other trades people for both town and rural needs was just as critical as for the larger cities. The transition period from Imperial to metric was a period of over four years but it still presented those who had used the Imperial measurements for a longer period in their trades with a dual system of measurement for a longer time(usually up to their retirement) Other nations still using Imperial measurements kept the transition from Imperial to metric alive (the UK and USA still uses Imperial measurements in 2012)Retractable metallic wired tape measure within a leather casing. Length of tape is 66 feet. Brass fittings on casing(winder and back plate)Tape on one side marked in inches and feet and on the other in links. Winder lever marked "66ft No 401" on front and arrow with"wind this way". Leather cover marked "John R A Bone & Sons Birmingham England" on reverse side "Metallic wired tape R A Bone & Sons"wired tape measure, tool, mobile tool, construction tool -
Kiewa Valley Historical SocietyAtlas Australian Commonwealth, Philips' Australian Commonwealth Atlas, 1944
... The period also covered World War II, detailed by a photo of "shell making", munitions, required by Australian soldiers. The great political and territorial changes made as a result of World War II can be clearly identified for example , Israel (the Jewish homeland). ...The period also covered World War II, detailed by a photo of "shell making", munitions, required by Australian soldiers. The great political and territorial changes made as a result of World War II can be clearly identified for example , Israel (the Jewish homeland). ...This atlas, printed in 1944, details not only the geographic and political boundaries of the world as it was at that time but also the snap shot of life of the time. This snap shot in time covers the major Australian cities, the major farming, grazing, industrial and sporting/recreational activities. Also there are snap shots of similar activities from other global areas. The period also covered World War II, detailed by a photo of "shell making", munitions, required by Australian soldiers. The great political and territorial changes made as a result of World War II can be clearly identified for example , Israel (the Jewish homeland). The various prewar colonies of major European nations.This atlas was used by children of a Kiewa Valley family and shows the value and the general educational exposure that these children had at this time. The rural setting and within the backdrop of a world war did not severely alter the life style of children in this region. The "news reels" shown in cinemas of cities and larger towns were the only visual realisations of major events of global significance available to these children. The information provided by this atlas allowed students to glimpse at what the "outside world" was. The majority of these students would possibly never see these regions for themselves. The great communication facilities of the late 1900s and beyond, was still only science fiction.This atlas has a thick (350 g/m) red cardboard cover with bold black lettering and shading. The cover is set out within a shield like frame. The shield is held up by two square markings, each with a four part circular pattern and a cord entwining two pendulum structures ending with a bowl figure at the bottom. There is a semi circular form enclosing a printed book contents list. The inside cover has the atlas title and contents and the publisher details. The atlas contain 56 pages of world and Australian maps, vegetation and rainfall maps. Within this atlas there are 27 double sided pages of black and white photographs depicting life styles, buildings, landscapes and prominent and significant to Australia males from 1652 to 1944. The pages are of approximately 200 g/m and have the yellow aged appearance.On front cover "Philips' Australian COMMONWEALTH ATLAS" and underneath "Containing" underneath "60 PHYSICAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MAPS". Publisher George Philip & Son, Limited 32 Fleet Street, London E.C. 4. Inside cover are: written, in freehand and in ink the following names and dates; "J.Muller Form V 1945", "L L Muller Form IV 1946", "N.J. Muller Form I + II + III 1948 +49 + 50" and "D Muller Form I 1949". also handwritten and in pencil is "Peter Leslie". On the last page is a small freehand sketch of Australia in biro.1940s school curriculum, rural education, 1940s atlas, australian atlas -
Bendigo Military MuseumNewspaper - NEWSPAPER 1944, Guinea Gold, 26th February 1944
... Newspaper with general information of the Second World War including stories of various campaigns and political articles. ...Bendigo Military Museum 37 - 39 Pall Mall Bendigo goldfields Newspaper with general information of the Second World War including stories of various campaigns and political articles. ...Newspaper with general information of the Second World War including stories of various campaigns and political articles. There is a racing guide for the Flemington races.Yellowing newspaper, four pages, small photo on front page"Special New Britain Edition" "Guinea Gold" "Vol.2. No. 100 In The Field, Saturday, Febuary 26, 1944" "NOT FOR SALE"newspaper, headlines, photo -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History RoomBook, John Mordike, An Army for a Nation, A history of Australian military developments 1880-1914, 1992
... For many Australians, Australia's participation in World War 1 is both an essential part of their national identity and an inevitable consequence of their British heritage; it is a popular view that Australia perceived its national interests and those of Britain to be one. In this major study, John Mordike challenges this view of Australia's past by exposing the competing national and imperial influences which shaped the foundation of the Australian Army. The book reveals how political...4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room 4/19 PWLH Regiment, Building 78 Simpson Barracks Macleod melbourne For many Australians, Australia's participation in World War 1 is both an essential part of their national identity and an inevitable consequence of their British heritage; it is a popular view that Australia perceived its national interests and those of Britain to be one. In this major study, John Mordike challenges this view of Australia's past by exposing the competing national and imperial influences which shaped the foundation of the Australian Army. The book reveals how political ...For many Australians, Australia's participation in World War 1 is both an essential part of their national identity and an inevitable consequence of their British heritage; it is a popular view that Australia perceived its national interests and those of Britain to be one. In this major study, John Mordike challenges this view of Australia's past by exposing the competing national and imperial influences which shaped the foundation of the Australian Army. The book reveals how political ambition and electoral pressures subordinated a farsighted policy of defence self-reliance to the demands of imperial defence.Hard cover book, 310 pagesISBN 1 86373 192 Xmilitary history, mordike, australian army, colonial era, perfidious albion, military history, mordike, australian army, colonial era, perfidious albion -
Federation University Historical CollectionDocument, Zelda Martin, Confirmation of Candidature - Central Victorian Towns - Boom or Bust, c1996
... Zelda had a Bachelor of Commerce (majoring in Economic History and Economic Geography), an Master of Arts (in Politics) and a Diploma of Education; all from the University of Melbourne. Zelda is the author of a book titled " Australia's Relations with the Third World in the context of negotiations for a new international commodity order in the 1970's: continuity or change?" ...Zelda had a Bachelor of Commerce (majoring in Economic History and Economic Geography), an Master of Arts (in Politics) and a Diploma of Education; all from the University of Melbourne. Zelda is the author of a book titled " Australia's Relations with the Third World in the context of negotiations for a new international commodity order in the 1970's: continuity or change?" ...Zelda Martin was a PhD candidate at the University of Melbourne. Zelda had a Bachelor of Commerce (majoring in Economic History and Economic Geography), an Master of Arts (in Politics) and a Diploma of Education; all from the University of Melbourne. Zelda is the author of a book titled " Australia's Relations with the Third World in the context of negotiations for a new international commodity order in the 1970's: continuity or change?" Pub. [Parkville, Victoria]: University of Melbourne, 1982.Eleven page article on Victorian goldfields town. The article was written during the author's PhD study. zelda martin, victorian goldfield towns, bendigo, castlemaine, ballarat, maldon, stawell, ararat, maryborough, creswick, avoca, heathcote, banks, bank of australasia, union bank of australia, government camp, sandhurst, water supply, tarnagulla, talbot, back creek, mountain creek, police court, carisbrook, dunolly, thompson's foundry -
Federation University Historical CollectionCard, Chef Chantant Craig's Hotel 30.10.14, 30/10/1914
... political or confrontational. This event was possibly associated with the Ballarat School of Mines as a fundraiser for the Red Cross during World War One....political or confrontational. This event was possibly associated with the Ballarat School of Mines as a fundraiser for the Red Cross during World War One. ...Cafe Chantant is a type of musical establishment associated with the Belle Époque in France. The music was generally lighthearted, sometimes risqué, even bawdy but, as opposed to the cabaret tradition, not particularly political or confrontational. This event was possibly associated with the Ballarat School of Mines as a fundraiser for the Red Cross during World War One.A card with silk screen design and a Red Crossred cross, craig's hotel, world war one -
Orbost & District Historical Societymagazine, Aussie, March 18, 1918
... (Ref Museum Victoria) This magazine provides an Australian soldiers' view of the political and world climate during World War I, and also represents the bond between Australian soldiers. ...Alexander Butters enlisted on 12 November 1914 as a gunner. He was awarded a Meritorious Service medal for his "determination and courage .....setting a splendid example to his men..." on the SOMME. 'Aussie' (1918- circa 1929) was a commercial magazine of opinion, review and entertainment. It was edited by Phillip Harris and published in France 1918 - 1919 on a small printing press that Harris brought with him to France. Initially the print run was only 10,000 copies, but soon it reached 60,000 and later 100,000. The magazine celebrated a distinctive 'Aussie' identity through language, humour and imagery. It distributed news, provided light-hearted ways of seeing the war experience and gave soldiers an outlet to express dissent or dissatisfaction. It also provided a voice for Australian authors such as Banjo Paterson, C.J. Dennis and Bernard O'Dowd. (Ref Museum Victoria)This magazine provides an Australian soldiers' view of the political and world climate during World War I, and also represents the bond between Australian soldiers. The magazine celebrated a distinctive ?Aussie? identity, through language, humour and their assertion of what it meant to be an Australian. It allowed news to be distributed, gave the soldiers an outlet to express any dissent or dissatisfaction, thus preventing any greater form of rebellion and promoted Australian authors like Banjo Paterson, C.J. Dennis and Bernard O'Dowd. (Ref. Museum Victoria)A thin black and white paper magazine called "Aussie". This is Volume 3. The magazine contains stories, illustrations, songs and poetry from the First World War. On the front cover the title is printed across the centre, with a drawing of a soldier in uniform standing sideways, and holding a gun. Four drawings within circles are positioned in each corner, joined by a wreath and ribbons bearing the names of the war fields. His head is in the shape of the map of Australia. On front cover - From Alexandy Butters with best wishesmagazine ww1 aussie military -
Orbost & District Historical Societynewspapers, Guinea Gold, 1943-1944
... The newspaper contains Australian, American & world news (military, political, sports & tabloid). Guinea-Gold newspaper WW11 Pacific-Campaign New-Guinea Eight editions of "Guinea Gold" from 1943 and 1944. 2103.1 is edition 7/6/1943. 2103.2 is edition 8/6/1943. 2103.3 is edition 12/6/1943. 2103.4 is edition 27/2/1944. 2103.5 is edition 26/3/1944 and is the Weekend Supplement. 2103.6 is edition 26/3/1944 and 2103.7 is dated 9/4/1944 and is the Weekend Supplement. 2103.8 is dated 18/5/1944 is a field edition Guinea Gold newspapers ...In WWII New Guinea, GUINEA GOLD presented news to all troops "in the field". It avoided editorial comment. It published for 1320 continuous days, without missing a single edition. The front and back pages concentrated on current world news, including major sporting events. Page 2 was generally devoted to extracts from Australian and US newspapers. Some news was obtained by taking shorthand notes of short-wave radio bulletins from Australia, the U.S. and the B.B.C. At its peak, distribution was 37,000 to US forces and 27,000 to Australian forces, daily. The daily version had four pages and the WEEK-END SUPPLEMENT edition contained 8 pages (with extra pictures & cartoons).Guinea Gold" daily brought to the news-hungry men of the Australian and American forces serving in the steaming jungle, topics of interest to allay their boredom and boost their morale. It was able to do so because US General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the South-West Pacific, gave it permission to publish his communiqués 20 hours before the release time for the rest of the world's media. The newspaper contains Australian, American & world news (military, political, sports & tabloid).Eight editions of "Guinea Gold" from 1943 and 1944. 2103.1 is edition 7/6/1943. 2103.2 is edition 8/6/1943. 2103.3 is edition 12/6/1943. 2103.4 is edition 27/2/1944. 2103.5 is edition 26/3/1944 and is the Weekend Supplement. 2103.6 is edition 26/3/1944 and 2103.7 is dated 9/4/1944 and is the Weekend Supplement. 2103.8 is dated 18/5/1944 is a field editionguinea-gold newspaper ww11 pacific-campaign new-guinea -
Federation University Historical CollectionPhotograph - Colour, Jarrod Watt, Hong Kong Street Flyer by an unknown artist, 2019, 06/2019
... (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. ...(https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. ...Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had plenty of political support in the territory’s pro-Beijing legislature to pass a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China. The legislators were set to begin discussing the bill in early June, and intended to vote on it just weeks later. A series of protests took place, and after a June 16 protest saw the largest turnout yet, Ms. Lam made a major concession: She postponed the bill, at least temporarily. It was an undeniable victory for the protesters — but it did little to quell the unrest. Since the bill could later be reintroduced, protesters felt they remained in danger. The police tactics to break up the demonstrations on June 12, including the use of more than 150 tear gas canisters to push protesters far away from the government office, created a new set of demands from the protesters. Now, instead of just calling for the withdrawal of the bill and Ms. Lam’s resignation, they said they wouldn’t be content unless there was an independent investigation of officers’ conduct. They also wanted the release of protesters arrested on June 12, and for the government to rescind its description of the demonstrations as a “riot,” a designation that carries legal significance. None of that has happened. Many analysts say Ms. Lam is unlikely to step down, nor would Beijing accept her resignation if she offered it. She has more wiggle room on the other demands, but has not indicated any willingness to budge. The Hong Kong Protests are a leaderless, digital movement.There is no single leader or group deciding on or steering the strategy, tactics and goals of the movement. Instead, protesters have used forums and messaging apps to decide next steps. Anyone can suggest a course of action, and others then vote on whether they support it. The most popular ideas rise to the top, and then people rally to make them happen. At its best, this structure has empowered many people to participate and have their voices heard. Protesters say it keeps them all safe by not allowing the government to target specific leaders. Their success in halting the extradition bill, which was shelved by the territory’s chief executive, speaks to the movement’s power. Despite the lack of a clear leader, protesters have shown extensive coordination at the demonstrations, having planned the specifics online beforehand. Supply stations are set up to distribute water, snacks, gloves, umbrellas and shields made of cardboard. Volunteer first aid workers wear brightly colored vests. People form assembly lines to pass supplies across long distances, with protesters communicating what they need through a series of predetermined hand signals. Anyone walking in dangerous areas without a helmet or a mask is quickly offered one. No individual can speak on behalf of the protesters, which makes negotiations difficult, if not impossible. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. The government claims the push to change the law, which would also apply to Taiwan and Macau, stems from the killing last year of a Hong Kong woman while she was in Taiwan with her boyfriend. Authorities in Taiwan suspect the woman’s boyfriend, who remains in Hong Kong, but cannot try him because no extradition agreement is in place. Under the amended law, those accused of offences punishable by seven years or more in prison could be extradited. The new legislation would give Hong Kong’s leader, known as the chief executive, authority to approve extradition requests, after review by the courts. Hong Kong’s legislature, the legislative council, would not have any oversight over the extradition process. Many Hong Kongers fear the proposed extradition law will be used by authorities to target political enemies. They worry the new legislation spells the end of the “one country, two systems” policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. Many attending the protests on Sunday said they could not trust China as it had often used non-political crimes to target government critics, and said they also feared Hong Kong officials would not be able to reject Beijing’s requests. Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one’s choosing are also common. Many in the protests on Sunday 09 June 2019 said they felt overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness in the face of mainland China’s increasing political, economic and cultural influence in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s top political leader is not elected by ordinary voters but by a 1,200-strong election committee accountable to Beijing. Half of its legislature are chosen through indirect electoral systems that favour pro-Beijing figures. Many Hong Kongers also cited the jailing of leaders and activists from the 2014 Occupy Central movement– a 79-day mass civil disobedience movement – as well as the disqualification of young localist lawmakers as signs of the erosion of civil freedoms. Resentment towards China has been intensified by soaring property prices – with increasing numbers of mainland Chinese buying properties in the city – as well as the government’s “patriotic education” drive, and the large numbers of mainland tourists who flock to Hong Kong. Many Hong Kongers are also concerned about China’s growing control over the city’s news media, as they increasingly self-censor and follow Beijing’s tacit orders. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/10/what-are-the-hong-kong-protests-about-explainerPhotograph of a street art poster taken on the streets of Hong Kong during the protests against legislation to allow Hong Kong suspects to be extradited to mainland Chinese carrie lam, hong kong protests, extraditions, poster art, posters -
Federation University Historical CollectionPhotograph - Colour, Jarrod Watt, A thousand protestors surround Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai on June 26th 2019, 21/06/2019
... (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. ...(https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. ...Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had plenty of political support in the territory’s pro-Beijing legislature to pass a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China. The legislators were set to begin discussing the bill in early June, and intended to vote on it just weeks later. A series of protests took place, and after a June 16 protest saw the largest turnout yet, Ms. Lam made a major concession: She postponed the bill, at least temporarily. It was an undeniable victory for the protesters — but it did little to quell the unrest. Since the bill could later be reintroduced, protesters felt they remained in danger. The police tactics to break up the demonstrations on June 12, including the use of more than 150 tear gas canisters to push protesters far away from the government office, created a new set of demands from the protesters. Now, instead of just calling for the withdrawal of the bill and Ms. Lam’s resignation, they said they wouldn’t be content unless there was an independent investigation of officers’ conduct. They also wanted the release of protesters arrested on June 12, and for the government to rescind its description of the demonstrations as a “riot,” a designation that carries legal significance. None of that has happened. Many analysts say Ms. Lam is unlikely to step down, nor would Beijing accept her resignation if she offered it. She has more wiggle room on the other demands, but has not indicated any willingness to budge. The Hong Kong Protests are a leaderless, digital movement.There is no single leader or group deciding on or steering the strategy, tactics and goals of the movement. Instead, protesters have used forums and messaging apps to decide next steps. Anyone can suggest a course of action, and others then vote on whether they support it. The most popular ideas rise to the top, and then people rally to make them happen. At its best, this structure has empowered many people to participate and have their voices heard. Protesters say it keeps them all safe by not allowing the government to target specific leaders. Their success in halting the extradition bill, which was shelved by the territory’s chief executive, speaks to the movement’s power. Despite the lack of a clear leader, protesters have shown extensive coordination at the demonstrations, having planned the specifics online beforehand. Supply stations are set up to distribute water, snacks, gloves, umbrellas and shields made of cardboard. Volunteer first aid workers wear brightly colored vests. People form assembly lines to pass supplies across long distances, with protesters communicating what they need through a series of predetermined hand signals. Anyone walking in dangerous areas without a helmet or a mask is quickly offered one. No individual can speak on behalf of the protesters, which makes negotiations difficult, if not impossible. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. The government claims the push to change the law, which would also apply to Taiwan and Macau, stems from the killing last year of a Hong Kong woman while she was in Taiwan with her boyfriend. Authorities in Taiwan suspect the woman’s boyfriend, who remains in Hong Kong, but cannot try him because no extradition agreement is in place. Under the amended law, those accused of offences punishable by seven years or more in prison could be extradited. The new legislation would give Hong Kong’s leader, known as the chief executive, authority to approve extradition requests, after review by the courts. Hong Kong’s legislature, the legislative council, would not have any oversight over the extradition process. Many Hong Kongers fear the proposed extradition law will be used by authorities to target political enemies. They worry the new legislation spells the end of the “one country, two systems” policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. Many attending the protests on Sunday said they could not trust China as it had often used non-political crimes to target government critics, and said they also feared Hong Kong officials would not be able to reject Beijing’s requests. Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one’s choosing are also common. Many in the protests on Sunday 09 June 2019 said they felt overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness in the face of mainland China’s increasing political, economic and cultural influence in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s top political leader is not elected by ordinary voters but by a 1,200-strong election committee accountable to Beijing. Half of its legislature are chosen through indirect electoral systems that favour pro-Beijing figures. Many Hong Kongers also cited the jailing of leaders and activists from the 2014 Occupy Central movement– a 79-day mass civil disobedience movement – as well as the disqualification of young localist lawmakers as signs of the erosion of civil freedoms. Resentment towards China has been intensified by soaring property prices – with increasing numbers of mainland Chinese buying properties in the city – as well as the government’s “patriotic education” drive, and the large numbers of mainland tourists who flock to Hong Kong. Many Hong Kongers are also concerned about China’s growing control over the city’s news media, as they increasingly self-censor and follow Beijing’s tacit orders. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/10/what-are-the-hong-kong-protests-about-explainerMore than a thousand protestors surround Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai on June 26th following a peaceful rally at Edinburgh Place in Central. Doors to the complex were barricaded by protestors, who left after a six hour siege in protest at police violence at a prtest held earlier on 12 June 2019. Protesters ended a six-hour siege of Hong Kong’s police headquarters – their second in a week over the now-suspended extradition bill – early on Thursday morning. More than 1,000 were involved at the height of the protest, which began after 10pm on Wednesday. Around 100 were left at the end and dispersed without a fight when officers with riot shields emerged from the building in Wan Chai at 4am on Thursday. After a peaceful rally attended by thousands earlier at Edinburgh Place in the Central business district, hundreds descended on Arsenal Street, blocking the junction with Lockhart Road to all traffic and sealing the entrances to the police base. (https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3016238/hong-kong-police-under-siege-again-protesters-surround )carrie lam, hong kong protests, extraditions, protest, protestors -
Federation University Historical CollectionPhotograph - Photograph - Colour, Jarrod Watt, Seven police officers stand guard in front of Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai, 2019, 21/06/2019
... (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. ...(https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. ...Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had plenty of political support in the territory’s pro-Beijing legislature to pass a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China. The legislators were set to begin discussing the bill in early June, and intended to vote on it just weeks later. A series of protests took place, and after a June 16 protest saw the largest turnout yet, Ms. Lam made a major concession: She postponed the bill, at least temporarily. It was an undeniable victory for the protesters — but it did little to quell the unrest. Since the bill could later be reintroduced, protesters felt they remained in danger. The police tactics to break up the demonstrations on June 12, including the use of more than 150 tear gas canisters to push protesters far away from the government office, created a new set of demands from the protesters. Now, instead of just calling for the withdrawal of the bill and Ms. Lam’s resignation, they said they wouldn’t be content unless there was an independent investigation of officers’ conduct. They also wanted the release of protesters arrested on June 12, and for the government to rescind its description of the demonstrations as a “riot,” a designation that carries legal significance. None of that has happened. Many analysts say Ms. Lam is unlikely to step down, nor would Beijing accept her resignation if she offered it. She has more wiggle room on the other demands, but has not indicated any willingness to budge. The Hong Kong Protests are a leaderless, digital movement.There is no single leader or group deciding on or steering the strategy, tactics and goals of the movement. Instead, protesters have used forums and messaging apps to decide next steps. Anyone can suggest a course of action, and others then vote on whether they support it. The most popular ideas rise to the top, and then people rally to make them happen. At its best, this structure has empowered many people to participate and have their voices heard. Protesters say it keeps them all safe by not allowing the government to target specific leaders. Their success in halting the extradition bill, which was shelved by the territory’s chief executive, speaks to the movement’s power. Despite the lack of a clear leader, protesters have shown extensive coordination at the demonstrations, having planned the specifics online beforehand. Supply stations are set up to distribute water, snacks, gloves, umbrellas and shields made of cardboard. Volunteer first aid workers wear brightly colored vests. People form assembly lines to pass supplies across long distances, with protesters communicating what they need through a series of predetermined hand signals. Anyone walking in dangerous areas without a helmet or a mask is quickly offered one. No individual can speak on behalf of the protesters, which makes negotiations difficult, if not impossible. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. The government claims the push to change the law, which would also apply to Taiwan and Macau, stems from the killing last year of a Hong Kong woman while she was in Taiwan with her boyfriend. Authorities in Taiwan suspect the woman’s boyfriend, who remains in Hong Kong, but cannot try him because no extradition agreement is in place. Under the amended law, those accused of offences punishable by seven years or more in prison could be extradited. The new legislation would give Hong Kong’s leader, known as the chief executive, authority to approve extradition requests, after review by the courts. Hong Kong’s legislature, the legislative council, would not have any oversight over the extradition process. Many Hong Kongers fear the proposed extradition law will be used by authorities to target political enemies. They worry the new legislation spells the end of the “one country, two systems” policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. Many attending the protests on Sunday said they could not trust China as it had often used non-political crimes to target government critics, and said they also feared Hong Kong officials would not be able to reject Beijing’s requests. Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one’s choosing are also common. Many in the protests on Sunday 09 June 2019 said they felt overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness in the face of mainland China’s increasing political, economic and cultural influence in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s top political leader is not elected by ordinary voters but by a 1,200-strong election committee accountable to Beijing. Half of its legislature are chosen through indirect electoral systems that favour pro-Beijing figures. Many Hong Kongers also cited the jailing of leaders and activists from the 2014 Occupy Central movement– a 79-day mass civil disobedience movement – as well as the disqualification of young localist lawmakers as signs of the erosion of civil freedoms. Resentment towards China has been intensified by soaring property prices – with increasing numbers of mainland Chinese buying properties in the city – as well as the government’s “patriotic education” drive, and the large numbers of mainland tourists who flock to Hong Kong. Many Hong Kongers are also concerned about China’s growing control over the city’s news media, as they increasingly self-censor and follow Beijing’s tacit orders. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/10/what-are-the-hong-kong-protests-about-explainerSeven police officers stand guard in front of Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai as an estimated one thousand protestors surround on 26 June 2019. Protestors take turns to step up and hurl abuse at the officers, in a protest lasting 6 hours before peacefully dispersing. The protesters chanted 'Release the martyrs' and 'Stop police violence' in reference to violent clashes with police in the days previous. ( https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3016238/hong-kong-police-under-siege-again-protesters-surround)carrie lam, hong kong protests, extraditions, protest, protestors, police, wan chai
