This hand written letter, in black ink script on blue lined paper, is impressed with the official stamp of the Victoria Steam Navigation Board. The left margin has the reference “S82/12" It is transcribed: "Victoria Steam Navigation Board, Melbourne, January 12th 1882 To Frederick Chapman, Master, S.S. "Julia Percy" You are herewith furnished with a copy of the report of the Official Court which assembled to enquire into the circumstances attending the collision between the steamers "Julia Percy" and "Nelson" off Apollo Bay near Cape Otway on the morning of the 25th December 1881, and you are hereby expected to attend at the Board Room, Custom House, Melbourne, at 2pm, on 13th January instant to show cause why you should not be censured accordingly. [Signature] Secretary" This document refers to the matter of a collision between two steamships, the Julia Percy and the Nelson, on 25th December 1881. The Julia Percy was at that time owned by her first owners, the Warrnambool Steam Packet Company, and she sailed under the command of Captain Chapman. She had left Melbourne the evening of 24th December, with about 150 passengers, sailing in fine weather through Port Phillip Heads around 9pm. She was headed for Warrnambool, Belfast (now named Port Fairy) and Portland. The Julia Percy was off Apollo Bay when Captain Chapman was woken by the ship’s whistle after midnight, the steamer Nelson being on a collision course with the Julia Percy.[See Link.] The Nelson struck Julia Percy midship. Boats were lowered from the ship (apart from a damaged lifeboat) and about 30-40 of the passengers boarded the Nelson. The engine room and the forehold were checked and found clear of water. The company manager, Mr Evans, had been on the Nelson, so he boarded and inspected the Julia Percy and the decision was made to continue on to Warrnambool with the passengers as there appeared to be no immediate danger. However, Captain Thomas Smith said the Nelson was taking on water, so Julia Percy followed her for about an hour towards Melbourne on standby in case of need. Then Julia Percy turned around towards Warrnambool again. Shortly afterwards the Nelson turned to follow her, the ships stopped and passengers were returned to Julia Percy, and three from Julia Percy boarded the Nelson. Both ships proceeded on their way. Julia Percy passed Cape Otway light afterwards, signalling that there had been a collision. It was discovered later that one of the passengers was missing, then thought to have boarded the Nelson but later thought to have fallen into the sea and drowned while trying to jump from Julia Percy to Nelson. There had been 3 tickets purchased under the same name of that passenger “Cutler”; a father, son and friend named Wordsworth, which had caused quite some confusion. No further mishap occurred to either ship and both the Julia Percy and the Nelson reached their destinations safely. An enquiry was instigated by the Victoria Steam Navigation Board regarding the cause of the accident between the two steamships, in connection with the death of Cutler who was supposed to have lost his life by the collision. The enquiry resulted in the following decision: "The Victorian Steam Navigation Board having taken into consideration the points urged by Captain Thos [Thomas] Smith and also by his legal advisers, is of opinion that the charge prepared against him has been sustained, but taking into consideration Captain Smith’s previous good conduct and character, the board suspends his master’s certificate No 227 issued by this board for a period of six calendar months from this date – Robert Fullarton, Chairman. “The Victorian Steam Navigation Board having beard the statement of Captain Frederick Chapman urged in his defense to the charge of dereliction of duty as master of the Julia Percy, in having no standing order on board that vessel to be called in the event of any approaching steamer’s lights being seen, find such charge sustained, and censure him accordingly – Robert Fullarton, Chairman.” ABOUT “JULIA PERCY” The S.S. Julia Percy (later named Leeuwin ) was an iron passenger-cargo steam ship built in 1876. At one point in time the Julia Percy would sail from Warrnambool to Melbourne every Friday and return from Melbourne to Warrnambool every Tuesday. The cost of a return ticket for a Saloon Fare was £1.0.0. She would sail “if practical and weather permitting”. Shipping was the cheapest and most practical means of carrying produce and goods during the period 1840-1890. Regular domestic steamer services commenced in the Warrnambool district in the late 1850’s and by 1870 the passenger trade was booming. Produce was loaded from the jetty into ‘lighters’ (small boats), which took it to the ships at anchorage in the bay. Passengers were taken to the ship’s side then climbed aboard up ladders or gangways. The coming of the railway in October 1889 meant the gradual decline and end of the steam shipping era. The Julia Percy was built in Glasgow by Thomas Wingate & Company, Whiteinch, in 1876 for the Warrnambool Steam Packet Company, which commissioned her for trade in Victoria’s western district. She was first registered in Warrnambool, Victoria in 1876. The Julia Percy changed hands several times. Her next owner was the Western Steam Navigation Co (1887), managed by Mr. T.H. Osborne (the company’s office was on the corner of Timor and Liebig Streets, Its north-western wall is now part of the current Warrnambool Regional Art Gallery. ) The Melbourne Steamship Co became the next owners (1890), followed by William Howard Smith and Sons (1901) for use in Queensland coastal trades, then she was bought by George Turnbull in 1903 and used for local mail contract in Western Australia. The Julia Percy was sold to the Melbourne Steamship Company Ltd. (1906) and re-named the “Leeuwin” but continued in her Western Australian coastal run. She was converted into a coal hulk in Melbourne in 1910 as a result of damaged caused when she was driven against the jetty at Dongara during a gale. The ship was eventually dismantled and scuttled in Bass Strait on 28 December 1934. The document is significant for its association with the wreck of the Leeuwin (Julia Percy), which is on the Victorian Heritage Register, VHR S413. . It is historically significant for being a rare artefact that has potential to interpret aspects of Western Victoria’s 19th century steamship trade and Victorian cultural history. The Leeuwin (Julia Percy) is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register as being historically significant ‘as one of only four wrecks of steamships in Victorian waters associated with the western district of Victoria’s coastal steamship trade. Reports of Victoria Steam Navigation Board about the collision on 25th December 1881 between the steamers " Julia Percy" and "Nelson". Letter from Victoria Steam Navigation Board, Melbourne to Frederick Chapman, Master, S.S. "Julia Percy", dated January 12th 1882. reference on letter in left margin "S82/12"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill –maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, victoria steam navigation board, captain frederick chapman, captain thomas smith, thomas wingate & company, steamer julia percy, steamer leeuwin, steamer nelson, steam ship, warrnambool steam packet company, t. h. ostorne, western steam navigation co., charles cutler

ESCo Employee Hours Work Record book that has been used by an ESCo/SEC inspector, H. P. James as a record / note book for his personal collection or papers or journal titled "In Other Days". Book sewn with string in 36 page sections, blank end papers, board covers with stipple paper out sides and Rexene cloth binding. Comprising plain paper end papers and 104 printed pages (52 leaves), with each sheet printed in black on feint ruled paper for recording the hours worked and other details of drivers and conductors employed by ESCo. Printed for daily use, with Day and date page headings - made out for the 1930's. Text generically printed feint ruled paper. Images: Book - i1 Inside front cover - i2 Members Certificate - i3 Photo of H.P. James and index page - i4 Has been used to gather mementos such as photos, articles, newspaper clippings, letters and other miscellaneous documents on Ballarat local history. Newspaper cuttings etc often have side notes written by Mr. James. Inside front cover has certificate recording Mr. James membership to the Ballarat Historical Society (on Australasian Historical Record Society paper) for 1937 - 1938. A side note records Mr. James elected as Vice President in 1939. Receipt signed by Edward Crimmins (See Reg. Item 2486) Has a table of contents for pages 1 to 65. Opposite is a photograph of Mr. James dressed for the Ballarat Tramways Social Club function - See Reg. Item No. 506 Primary items are: 1 - Newspaper cutting "A stroll along Bridge St. 50 years ago" - Nathan F. Speilvogel. 3 - Newspaper cutting "What I Remember of Early Ballarat" - James Sainsberry. 4 - Newspaper cutting "Magnet that Made Ballarat - New Monument Marks Gold Discovery" 7 - Newspaper cutting "Romance of a Ballarat Street Block" - Speilvogel 9 - Newspaper cutting "Sixty years of Dana St. School"- Speilvogel 11 - Newspaper cutting "The White Flat - its Transitions of Service - Historical Review" - J. Hargreaves 15 - Newspaper cutting "Memories of Russell Square - Fireman's Carnivals" - James 16 - Notes on the Alfred Hall 17 - Newspaper cutting - "Alfred Hall" - James 21 - Letter re Russell Square dated 24/2/38, J. McLeish 23 - Newspaper cutting "The First Train to Ballarat" 25 - Newspaper cutting "Story of Ballarat's Horse Trams 1887 to 1913", James - see Reg. Item 2489. 27 - Photos and Newspaper cutting of items re horse trams, and photo of ESCo No. 18 - See Reg. Items 2490, 2491 and 2492. 28 - ESCo opening ticket (See other Reg. Items 608 for examples of this) ticket No. 1595. 29 - Newspaper cutting "Story of Ballarat's Electric Trams", James, See Reg. Item 2493. 30 - Poster - SEC - Ballarat "The New System of Fares and Sections" - 3/10/1997 - See Reg. Item 2494. SEC - Tourist Ticket - See Reg. Item 2495 ESCo - 3d check ticket - See Reg. Item 2496 31 - Tickets and handwritten notes - with reference to page 51 ESCo 1d - See Reg. Item 2497 (2 No.) ESCo/SEC? - lunch hour weekly ticket - See Reg. Item 2498 ESCo/SEC? - Morning and evening weekly ticket - See Reg. Item 2499 ESCo/SEC? - 3d Adult Transfer - See Reg. Item 2500 ESCo/SEC? - 2d child Transfer - See Reg. Item 2501 ESCo - 1.1/2 child ticket - See Reg. Item 2502 ESCo - 3d Adult ticket - See Reg. Item 2503 Extract of an item titled "History of Ballarat Tramways", SEC Magazine, Feb. 1939 - See Reg. Item 2504 2d ESCo token (See other reg items 1794 and 1943 for details of this object) - sewn into page. 33 - Handwritten notes "Alfred Hall" 35 - Handwritten notes "Russell Square" 36, 37 - miscellaneous cuttings from the Courier for 1939 and 1940 39 - Newspaper cutting "South Street Band Contests" - cutting dated 27/10/1932. (See images - i5 to 41, 43, - ditto - contest results 44 - Photo of the Tramway Shelter in Sturt Street being removed - Courier dated 18/12/1923 - see Reg Item 2523. 45 - Extract of April 1938 from SEC Magazine, photos of the launch of the illuminated Ballarat Centenary tram - see Reg Item 2524. 47 - Newspaper cutting "Peeps into the Past" 48 - Listing of "Members of Returned Soldiers Band", Ballarat, dated 18/11/1919. 49 - Newspaper cutting "Ballarat, The Home of the Band Contests", dated 27/10/1932. 51 - Handwritten notes - "Tram Fares methods of collection" - See Reg. Item 2505. 53 - Newspaper cutting "100 years ago", Port Phillip Herald for 1840. 54 - Black and white photo of a gathering of people (tramway?) at the Showgrounds - See Reg. Item 2506 55 - Six black and white photos with handwritten notes ESCo 19 or 20 - See Reg. Item 2507 Group of ESCo employees by ESCo tram - See Reg. Item 2508 Photo of ESCo employee, Si Barker - See Reg. Item 2509 Photo of ESCo company bus - See Reg. Item 2510 (See also Reg Item 3813) Photo of No. 25 - Barkly St - See Reg. Item 2511 Photo of two ESCo employees - See Reg. Item 2512 56 - Loose newspaper cutting "San Francisco Struggle Buggies" - cable trams - The Age 15/3/1947 57 - Letter from Mr. Pringle of ESCo to Inspector James and Handwritten notes on ESCo management - See Reg. Item 2513 Handwritten notes on the token systems - See Reg. Item 2514 59 - Page titled "Bundy clocks and meters" but no notes 61 - Hand drawn map of Ballarat tramways with notes on tracks - horse, SEC and ESCo and loops - See Reg. Item 2515. 63 - Miscellaneous newspaper cuttings and photo of the Arch of Victory 64 - Photo of W. J.K. Dunstan ??? (has notes written on back, but difficult to read)* - Notes on rear of photo p64. "49 years in service W.J.K. Dunstan Office Manager Ballarat Branch Retired 18/3/46" 65 - Newspaper cutting "Old Victorian Schooldays, letters and reminiscences by past scholars". 67 - Newspaper cuttings - photo of Ballarat Choral Union and Urquhart St. school 69 - Newspaper cutting "Saint with a top hat" 71, 73 - Newspaper cutting "District Mining Disasters of By-Gone Days" - John Hargreaves 75 - Newspaper cutting "The Ballarat Courier" banners for 2/9/1939 - outbreak of World War Two - normal and a special edition. 77, 79 - Newspaper cutting "My Youth in Ballarat" - T.P. Long. 81 - Two photos and handwritten notes showing trams in Sturt St and the line up of horse trams - See Reg Item 2516. 83 - Newspaper cutting "Theatrical History - The Charlie Napier" - Speilvogel 85, 87 - Newspaper cutting "Story of the Eureka Stockade Monument" - Speilvogel 89 - Newspaper cutting "The Beginning of Buninyong" - Speilvogel 91 - Newspaper cutting "St. David's Day" 93, 95 - Newspaper cutting "From 1856 to 1894, Ballarat's Foremost Citizen Major (William Collard) Smith Recalled - J. Hargreaves. 97 - Newspaper cutting "All Electrical Exhibition / Ballarat's Electric Supply, its development" - 1936, See Reg. Item 2517. 98 - Loose photo of the ESCo Power station chimney and steeplejacks - See Reg. Item 2518. 98 - Loose sheet of paper about the origin of the ESCo trams - See Reg. Item 2525. 99 - Newspaper cutting - about Electricity in Ballarat and tramway services, and handwritten notes on ESCo Inspectors - See Reg. Item 2519 100, 101 - Newspaper cuttings - "Mr. Melbourne Day by Day" cartoon series and the artist's death notice dated 22/8/1939. 102 - Poster - Dana Street School Jubilee Re-union, has N. Speilvogel and H. James as joint secretaries. 103 - Newspaper cutting of various photos and a scene of a gold train at Bendigo 104 - Newspaper cuttings - Bob Menzies and Adolph Hitler and backs of Melbourne tram tickets - "School Boy Howlers". 105 - Letter in an envelope to H.P. James dated 11/10/1937, by a person about the building of the tram sheds at Wendouree - See Reg. Item 2520. Newspaper cutting of the opening of the tramway to Lydiard St. North from Gregory St. - See Reg. Item 2521 Loose item - 1/- SEC Tourist Ticket No. A2676 - See Reg. Item 2522.Many in pencil and inktrams, tramways, h.p. james, esco, horse trams, ballarat, civic history

The Christy Minstrels were originally formed in New York by Edwin Pearce Christy in 1843. Special sheet music was published for Minstrel Groups to perform and Australian versions of the troupe were very popular. Archibald Munro was an early Orbost bootmaker, became a post master until the telegraph line came and was an original member of the Orbost Brass Band.In the United States these early minstrel groups were successors to individual minstrel performers who imitated Negro singing and dancing. Minstrel shows developed in the 1840’s, peaked after the Civil War and remained popular into the early 1900s. Minstrel groups in Australia followed the custom of blackening their faces. Minstrelsy was a product of its time.A note book with three papers which are copies of letters. It has a brown cover with marbled edges.. It contains the minutes of the Orbost Christy Minstrels Troupe. The letters are hand-written in black ink and signed by Archibald Munro. .1 is the book .2 notes on the preeiminary meeting .3 letter to Mr Grahamentertainment christy-minstrels munro-archibald music

Not much is known of John Partridge other than he operated his business of making wood planes and other edged woodworking tools in Birmingham. The Birmingham General Directory of the borough of Birmingham businesses of 1849 has him listed as a "Plane/iron maker" however he was probably making planes from around 1815. Birth and death records indicate he was born in 1797 in West Bromwich, Staffordshire England and that he died in 1851. His wife Sarah Nee Ashton he married at Harborne Staffordshire in 1822 and she also died in 1851, it appears they were survived by three children, John born 1826, Sarah 1835, and William 1838. John Partridge tools are now collector's items and represent a time in history when tools of all kinds were predominately still being made by hand in small family workshops. This was during a time known as the first industrial revolution, a time that was regarded as a transition period in history to new manufacturing processes that were occurring in Europe and the United States. A period of industrial change that began about 1760 and lasted until sometime between 1820 to 1840.Moulding plane Side Bead - Single Box type. Partridge maker stamped on end.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

The following extract written by Karen Tyers Warrnambool Family history group explains the journey and background of the Warrnambool Pioneer Board. Warrnambool is fortunate to have a photographic record of some of its pioneers. They are commemorated on the Pioneers’ Board. The Pioneers’ Board with its elaborate frame measures approximately 2 metres by 3 metres and holds 204 photographs of Warrnambool’s early pioneers. In 1907 Edward Vidler, secretary of the Warrnambool & District Progress League and Chamber of Commerce and Industry, invited descendants of those who arrived in Warrnambool before 1860 to send photographs of their pioneer ancestors to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Warrnambool’s foundation in 1847. A charge of £1 for each photograph was set. Lillian Foyle of Foyle’s photographic studio, was engaged to colour the photographs and undertake the associated artwork. By December 1907 the honour board was on exhibition in Bernard’s Gallery, Melbourne. Unfortunately Vidler left Warrnambool in 1907 with the honour board expenses unpaid. The Progress League refused to take responsibility for the debt and the honour board remained with Foyle’s Studio for 17 years. In 1922 subscriptions were called for and £43 16s 6d was acknowledged. After a final determined effort was made in 1924, the £100 debt was collected and Charles Foyle, Lillian’s brother, accepted settlement of the debt. On 2 May 1924 the honour board was moved from Foyle’s Studio to the Art Gallery. For many years the honour board was in the entrance passage to the public library. After the library was demolished in 1975 the pictures were removed to the Art Gallery where it was restored by the Director of the Art Gallery, Jack Welsh. The board was later stored in an empty front room at Murweh and the dismantled frame stored in an outbuilding. By 1982 the honour board was in the foyer of the City Council offices. During the renovations of the interior of the council offices in 1997 the honour board was moved to the library where it remained until moved to HeritageWorks in March 2014. For a full list of names go to http://www.warrnamboolhistory.org.au/warrnambool-history/pioneers-board/ The Warrnambool pioneer Board is one of those rare items which can claim significance on most if not all of the primary and comparative significance criteria. As a collection of early pioneers in the district it provides a valuable resource for historians and researchers. It gives light to a social scene in the district much of which can be verified from diaries and other items held by the historical society and also available on websites such as Trove. It has relevance to this day with many family historians enquiring of people included on the board. The collation of the board is a story of great interest in itself. While there are images of 204 men on the board the only reference to a woman is Lillian Foyle the artist who was responsible for much of the artistic work on the board. It compares well in size and quality with a number of montages, and collations of images from around the state of Victoria. It is by no means a complete list of pioneers of the district but there are many well- known ones included. They come from a wide range of backgrounds and as such presents a cross section of our earliest settlers in the district from 1840's to 1860’s.Cardboard folder with black and grey mottled cover with 3 metal studs along spine and white paper label with the word negative printed in black on front cover. Inside is a printed index of pioneers with reference relating to board number and negative number. There are three loose strips of negatives and 20 pages with pockets to hold strips of negatives. Up to page 13 have negatives strips inserted. There are 15 large and one small print of some of the pioneers from the board.This negative album was prepared by John A Welsh MBE JP Dip M Eng Director Warrnambool Art Gallery 1/7/1975 to 11/12/1977.There are a number of grey lead notations possibly corrections against some of the names in the index.warrnambool, warrnambool pioneer board, jack welsh, warrnambool art gallery, pioneers of warrnambool, foyles photography, lillian foyle, bernard framers, w mcaree,

Alfred Edward Clarke was a member of the Stock Exchange. He married a niece of Reverend Kerr Johnston, Margaret Helen Gowan (daughter of John Denovan Gowan, himself brother of Eliza Denovan Gowan) in 1886. His first wife, Caroline Long, died in 1884. One of his daughter, Linda Clarke (later married to John William Begg) was secretary of the Malvern branch of the Ladies' harbour Lights Guild. Article in the Standard (Port Melbourne, Vic. : 1884 - 1914), Saturday 17 April 1909, page 3 "SAILORS ENTERTAINED. Picnic at Glen Huntly. A very enjoyable picnic was held on Monday in connection with the Victoria Mission to Seamen, at Mr. Clarke's grounds, 'Heatherbrae,' Glen Huntly. About 90 sailors from ships in the Bay and river were entertained, and a happy time was spent. Tea was provided by ladies connected with the Mission, and cricket, football, and other sports were arranged and carried out with great zest. At the close of the day cheers were given for Mr. and Mrs. Clarke and family, the Mission workers, and all who had helped to make the outing a success."Small monochrome photograph depicting outdoor scene of a small number of men resting. Photograph somewhat faded, particularly on right side heatherbrae, easter, picnic, lhlg, caulfield, alfred edward clarke 1840-1913, margaret helen gowan 1863-1937, linda begg nee clarke 1877-1954, eliza johnston nee denovan gowan, john denovan gowan

A group of 4 photographs taken in 1994 and an early photograph of the same building for comparison.Happy Hollow farm was located on the Plenty River about 4 km upstream for the Greensborough township. It was originally built in the late 1840's and was rented by the Whatmough family at one time. It is now lost as it was taken over by Parks Victoria, left derelict and burnt down by vandals in the early 2000's.A group of photocopied photographs on A4 size paper. There is a black and wihte copy as well as a colour copy of 4 photographs with transcriptions on the rear of the sheet. The other sheet shows the building in the mid 1800's.Details on the reverse of 2 sheets about the photographs on the obverse.happy hollow farm, bell family, plenty river, whatmough

Newspaper article from 1994 recording the history of the Bell family at Happy Hollow.Happy Hollow was built in the late 1840's about 4 km north of Greensborough on the Plenty River. The article informs us that the Bell family moved there in 1943 and lived without power or running water at that site until March 1994 when Betty moved out.A copy of a black and white article from The Age newspaper. Includes text and photograph of Betty Bell at Happy Hollow farm.Biro inscriptions in title and highlighting throuhgout..happy hollow, plenty river, bell family, betty bell, .

The Warrnambool Pipe was started around 1906 under the tuition of Simon Fraser and his sons. It has operated in various forms for most of that time. A ladies band was formed in 1951 and the two bands amalgamated in 1974. They celebrated their centenary in 2007. Many Scottish people settled in the South West of Victoria from the 1840’s onward and brought with them many of their traditions. The Warrnambool pipe band is one aspect of Scottish traditions which have been continued in this region, including a Caledonian Society and Scottish dancing In one paragraph state what is significant, the type of significance it holds, and why it is significantFour pages with title Celtic Concert in dark blue on muted coloured cover with performance details and dates of performance in the middle with major sponsors within box at bottom of page. Inside two pages contains details of performers and the concert program. The back page contains a list of sponsors.Deakin Worldly, Warrnambool, RSL, Victoria Police, Police band, Victoria Pipe Band, warrnambool, warrnambool pipe band, simon fraser, warrnambool ladies band

The bicentenary of Australia was celebrated in 1988. It marked 200 years since the arrival of the First Fleet of British convict ships at Sydney in 1788. The bicentennial year marked Captain Arthur Phillip’s arrival with the 11 ships of the First Fleet in Sydney Harbour in 1788, and the founding of the city of Sydney and the colony of New South Wales. 1988 is considered the official bicentenary year of the founding of Australia.A Souvenir of the Australian Bicentennial Celebration in 1988enamel metal pinaustralia bicentenary, captain arthur phillip, city of moorabbin historical society, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, early settlers, henry dendy special survey 1840.

This anvil is typical of the type used by Blacksmiths in Moorabbin Shire c1850 - 20thC Blacksmith were needed to make machinery, tools, farm and household equipment, wheels and wagons, horseshoes and saddle irons.This anvil is an example of the type used by blacksmiths in Moorabbin Shire 1840- 20thC as early settlers developed the land. built homes, shops and schoolsSolid steel single horn shaped block used by a Blacksmith to make tools, horseshoes, kitchenware, farm equipment, wagon wheelsmarket gardeners, early settlers, moorabbin shire, dendy special survey 1841, bentleigh, moorabbin, cheltenham, tools, anvils, steel, horses, wagons, washing pots, cooking pots, blacksmiths, county of bourke

62 pages : illustratednon-fictionIn 1839 a runaway horse crashed into a tree stump that stood in the middle of Bourke Street; and in 1840 there were holes in Collins Street so deep that a child was nearly drowned in one. Early Melbourne Sketchbook recaptures the exciting early days of the city, days when rainy weather rendered Elizabeth Street impassable without a punt, and when Melbourne's first city councillor was elected on the promise of free beer to his constituents. Brian Carroll has sought out an interesting collection of contemporary illustrations to take us back to the beginning of Melbourne, from the original discovery of Port Phillip in 1802. David Collins' abortive settlement at Sullivan's Bay was abandoned in 1803, and it was not until 1835 that John Batman settled on his now famous 'place for a village'. Here are fascinating stories of the men who founded and shaped Victoria's capital city: Batman, Fawkner, Bourke, La Trobe. In addition, there is a wealth of information about Melbourne's buildings and landmarks - places such as St Francis', the Post Office, the Town Hall, Princes Bridge, and Young and Jackson's. Early Melbourne Sketchbook describes vividly the historical development and cultural growth of the city that was to become Australia's financial capital and its second largest city. (Inside cover)melbourne, historic buildings

Artefact may have been used for enema or vaginal irrigation. Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Black bakelite irrigator, resembling a test tube in shape. The irrigator has four entries, a connecting bridge and serrated edged flange. Stopcock attachment and tubing are missing.irrigation, midwifery

Beam balance (gold scales) made by Oertling - London. The balance is in a case made of mahogany and fully glassed, it has two draws. The brass scales are built into the case. The maker's name is present on the base of the scale. There is a brass knob that fits in the front to make adjustment to the scales and also on either side of the exterior case to set the top of the scales. There are two front draw, the left one is missing the drawer knob.mining, equipment, scale, ludwig oertling (1818-1893) was born near hamburg and gained his apprenticeship in instrument-making with his brother johann. he immigrated to london in 1840, where he joined instrument-maker and assayer george makins (1815-1893). oertling collaborated with makins and built his first balance, which was "a twin-column assay type with a light lattice beam". by 1851, the year of the great international exhibition of the works of all nations, oertling had established his own instrument-making business, employed five instrument-makers, and by 1861, ten staff were engaged in designing and making instruments, principally analytical balances. oertling's first twin-column beam balance was the prototype for all oertling assay balances that were produced during the next century and exported to the british colonies: australia, new zealand, canada, south africa and india, to europe and america.

This type of cup was designed for use by an adult and was in common usage from the early 1900s to the 1930s. Feeding cups were used both in the home and in hospitals, and were also often made of white enamel. Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920. She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them the museum collection in 1993. Feeding cup made out of white china, now discoloured. The cup has a curved spout (similar to a teapot spout) with a handle. There are four small holes inserted inside the cup diagonally at the proximate end of the spout. midwifery

Pap boats date from approximately 1710 and were in extensive use until the end of the nineteenth century. They were used to feed pap to infants or invalids. Pap was a mixture of breadcrumbs, flour, rice or barley mixed with fluids such as broth, milk (if the infant was lucky), water, wine and even beer, to aid the digestion of pap it was often pre-chewed by the nurse or nanny. Pap was a popular form of infant nutrition for almost 300 years and used in many well to do homes. For unwanted or illegitimate infants in foundling homes it was often the only form of sustenance, however, and as a result the mortality rate was appallingly high. Despite a growing number of experts advising against the use of pap, it nevertheless persisted as a major source of infant nutrition in many nurseries until the late 1800’s, largely due to the ignorance of nannies and nurses who took great delight in disregarding the advice of physicians, who they believed were usurping their position in the household. ‘Nanny knows best’.(Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales, 'Pap Boat')Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920. She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993. Small round white china container with an extended slim lip. Fluid capacity approximately 30-90ml. The boat has been made from two moulded sections. infant care, infant feeding, midwifery

Glass wound irrigating syringes were in general use from approximately 1915 to the beginning of the 1940s.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920. She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993. Glass wound syringe, with wood cap at distal end and cork bung inside a glass barrel with tapered end. irrigation, midwifery

A rubber teat would be attached to the top of this nipple shield for breast feeding. From 1801 onwards, nipple shields were available in a variety of materials, such as pewter, horn, bone, ivory, wood, glass and silver. They varied in shape from a bell to a flatter, cap shaped appliance. With the application of the nipple shield, the baby was able to take milk from the breast without giving added trauma to the nipples. In the ante partum period the nipple shield could be worn to assist in drawing out flat nipples; or, as it was known during this period, for the formation of "new nipples". (Fildes, Valerie. 'Breasts, Bottles & Babies - A History of Infant Feeding', 1986) Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920. She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993. Glass nipple shield. Shape resembles that of a bell.infant feeding, midwifery

Cupping glasses were in use from the early 1700s onwards. Their purpose was to draw the nipple out from the areola in preparation for breast feeding. They were also used for expressing small quantities of breast milk. Other possible uses include drawing fluid from other parts of the body for conditions such as oedema of the limbs or abdomen.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920. She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993. Cupping glass, consisting of a glass tube connection and red rubber hand pump.midwifery, infant feeding

The Furgusson stethoscope was in use from 1866. It is made all in one piece and has no attachments.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920. She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Fetal stethoscope consisting of an ebony tube with flanges at each end. The large flange would be placed onto the abdomen and the small flange would be placed to the ear to hear the fetal heart beat.diagnostic instruments, midwifery

This is a connection for a bone rectum pipe for a manual Indian rubber enema syringe.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Small, elongated connection with openings at both ends. The connection narrows at the distal end (patient's end), and has a flange at proximal end, where the connection attaches to a rubber bulb.midwifery

The enema box was used by midwife Mary Howlett in the 1880s on her district rounds. It was used to hold Ingram's Patent No. 1474 Seamless Enema Syringe, but the syringe is missing.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Oval shaped black leather case with gold clip. Base (.1) and lid (.2) have become separated. Instructions for use, and how to clean the instrument, are pasted inside the lid and base of the box.midwifery, irrigation

This paper was read on 14 June 1965 by Dr Frank Forster at a meeting of the section of Medical History, Victorian branch, Australian Medical Association, according to Ann Tovell, who worked at the AMA and in association with Frank. It was likely that Frank Forster acquired the midwifery box belonging to Mrs Mary Howlett at the former Eastern market that was located on the corner of Bourke and Russell Streets up to the early 1960s.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.A5 size paper transcript of lecture. Reprinted from The Medical Journal of Australia, 1965, 2. Pages are numbered 3 to 21.midwifery

Similar in style to a 'Record' syringe adapter.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Glass regulator from a rectal saline apparatus. Regulator consists of a glass bulb with a glass flange at the base, which connects to a glass pipe. intravenous device, midwifery

This type of test tube would have been used to collect blood or other bodily fluids. IT may also have been used to boil urine to identify the presence of urinary abnormalities such as sugar albumen acetone or bile.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Glass test tube with a thin glass lip in original cylinder cardboard case. Case is in two section, lid and body - lid is lined with white cardboard.diagnostic testing, midwifery

Bath thermometers were used in both hospital and home nursing during the 1800s.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Container for bath thermometer, consisting of base and lid. Cylindrical box made of tin with copper lining. Bath thermometer is missing.diagnostic instruments, midwifery

These breast pumps were also known as breast relievers or breast exhausters. They were a refinement of the much earlier 'sucking glass'. The breast pump was refined during the Victorian age. Glass breast pumps were used to manually express milk for the infant. These pumps were in use from the early 1920s to the late 1960s. They can also be used to stimulate lactation. These pumps were widely used in the 1950s by mothers of premature babies. The milk was expressed by hand in the home, then transported to the hospital to feed the premature infant. Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Glass breast pump with brass screw attachment and remnants of rubber pump. Pump is loosely bell shaped with a glass bowl attached to the side of the bell.infant feeding, midwifery

This appliance can used in two different ways: externally to spray antiseptic mist on to the skin or internally on the back of the throat. Insufflator is the clinical term for spraying. This was used by a midwife in the care of mother and newborn babies. (Becton Dickson)Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.White metal applicator, probably made from nickel plate. Consists of three sections - application cup (.1), watch spring attached to a piston and flange (.2), and a section of metal connection (.3). Applicator was originally attached to a glass tube mounted on black vulcanite by metal connections of various sizes. Inscribed 'BECTON DICKSON & CO/PAT. DEC. 06", "RUTHERFORD N.J."midwifery, infant care

Used to either irrigate the eye, instill medicated drops or tasks such as wound irrigation or the evacuation of fluid under the skin. Cannulas (or eye droppers as they are commonly called) were used both in homes and hospitals during the late 1880s and the early 1900s and were commonly available at chemists. The long tapered end gave the operator control over the rate of flow of the fluid in the bulb.Mary Howlett (1840-1922) began practising as a country midwife in 1866 in the western district of Victoria. She qualified as a 'ladies monthly nurse' in 1887 and continued to practise as a nurse and midwife until 1920.She began her six months training at the Melbourne Lying-In Hospital. She was known by many as 'Auntie', and her career spanned more than 50 years. Mrs Howlett's midwifery box and contents were given to Dr Frank Forster, and he donated them to the museum collection in 1993.Canula (or eye dropper) made of glass. Finely tapered at one end, with an open ended bulb at the other end.