This case was used between 1950 and 1980's. As part of the Occupation, Health and Safety requirements, equipment used to monitor the performance of electricity producing generators, regularly, hand held testers were used to check the insulation and the "earth" pin were up the the required operational levels. As the generators and their ancillary monitoring equipment was spread over a large area and cumbersome to service small hand held devices were required. These had to always be safe for the user to operate. A selected range of high quality meters were recalibrated every two years in the Meter and Calibration Laboratory at Yarraville(near Melbourne)This leather case contains a meter which is very significant to The Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme because it was an integral part of maintaining the electricity producing water driven generators of the power stations. The reason why this meter was so essential is that provided the safety check on equipment used to monitor each Hydro Generator that they were complying within the grid network parameters. Grid parameters are set so that if there is an electrical fault on the system, that fault can be attended to with a very small change in the output stability of each generator. It is essential that the voltage of the network remain within the set limits. Generators are at Dartmouth, Mackay, Clover, West Kiewa, Yarrawonga, Cain Curran and three Power Stations in the Thornton area.This carry case is made from leather hide and cloth covered cardboard insert. The front side has a lockable English made suitcase fitting. It has a broken carry strap (leather) travelling from top and through leather strap holders both sides and on the bottom of the case. A State Electricity Commission of Victoria identification tag riveted onto the top lid "ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SECTION No. 1483"sec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine located electricity generators, mobile measuring equipment

This tuyere (word from French origin) was used by professional blacksmiths and or cattlemen before and during the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme was being constructed. The need to use a furnace or forge in the shaping of metal rods, horse shoes and pipes is both a rural necessity and a construction, on site requirement. The "inventiveness" of cattlemen and construction workers to produce metal objects not available "off the shelf" is one of the inherent traits not only of rural self sufficiency but in the "pioneer" days of rural isolation one of survival.This tuyere is of great significance to the Kiewa Valley and its regions because it highlights one of the greatest strengths of the rural (especially isolated) life and its folk living there, and that is the great human factor of adaptability and survival techniques in sometimes harsh and demanding environmental circumstances. The inventiveness and the attitude, "she'll be right mate", demonstrates life on the land where specialised blacksmith activities can be found in non "professionals" because of the fact that "someone" has to do the job. This is one of the differences between country "rural" life and that found in cities and larger towns.This iron cone shaped tuyere has a small hole (diamenter 25mm) starting within an ever enlarging cone (amplification of the air pressure going through) delivering varying hot or extremely hot air into a furnace or hearth which intensifies the heat to allow the "shaping" of metal objects. The larger "flared" cone extension allows for the directed air to be spread and not concentrated.blacksmith tool, tue, bellows, fashioning metal, forge manufacturing process

This linesman belt was used under the 1947 Electricity Regulations and before tighter Occupation and Health regulations (late 1990's early 2000's) were introduced that mechanical lifting platforms(wherever possible) replaced the belt up the pole method.The safety concern was that it required that tools needed by the linesman had to be placed in a large canvas bag and attached to the belt (extra weight) then the linesman had to climb the ladder. Ladders had to be at the correct angle and not able to "slip" from their initial footings. A full harness and a secondary fall belt is now mandatory for pole linesmen. The safety of fellow workers could be compromised if they were required to assist or recover the first linesman if needed. In 2006 an additional 269 registered lineworkers were employed. Please note that the terminology of linesman has become unisex. The linesman's belt enabled the linesman to place his feet against the pole adjust the belt (if needed) and lean back securely allowing both hands to be free to work with. This linesman belt is very significant to the Kiewa Valley due to the numerous poles and high voltage overhead power structures that needed maintenance for the extensive "mushroom" installation of electrical power polls(wood and metal). On high poles (steel) climbing pegs were welded on, however in the Alpine areas snow in winter caused an OH&S problem which were hard to overcome. The safety of a linesman when maintenance of electricity line on poles can be highlighted by the New Zealand linesman who survived an 11,000 volt shock when carrying out maintenance. For the record 11,000 volts is four times more powerful than execution by "the electric chair". The maintenance of the linesman's belt was his responsibility (keeping it clean and in "good" condition). Labour laws change this initial responsibility, from the linesman, to the employer. Climbing pegs were installed on higher poles that extended beyond the reach of ladders.This thick leather linesman belt is made from two lengths of heavy lengths of leather straps sewn together to make up 80% of the belt. The remaining 20% is "the belt tonge" which has eleven holes for three (solid steel tang) buckle connections.kiewa hydro electricity scheme, victorian state electricity commission, relays, generators, electrical pole maintenance

Gray-Y Boys Gymnastics club. See KVHS 1557; "Below Bogong - A History of Mount Beauty" compiled by Di Edmondson Chapter 9, Page 298 and "The Story of Kiewa" by Alex McCullough.Early sporting and fitness club for Mt Beauty for boys and men. See KVHS 1557. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially as Mt Beauty was built as a construction town for the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and is now a small town with the added influence of tourism.This is a suite of photos pertaining to all facets of the Gray-Y programgray-y club, gymnastics club, mt beauty

The Mt Beauty Progress Association was an important community service group that raised an enormous amount of money to buy equipment etc. for local community activities ie. kinder, schools etc. It supported the community with projects and events. It was formed in 1957 and was discontinued in 1978. See: "Below Bogong - A History of Mount Beauty" compiled by Di Edmondson. Chapter 8. Pages 239-240. and "The Story of Kiewa" by Alex McCulloughMt Beauty Progress Association was formed by employees of the SECV working on the KHES. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially as Mt Beauty was built as a construction town for the Keiwa Hydro Electric Scheme and is now a small town with the added influence of tourism.1. 15cm x 10 cm black and white reproduction of members of the Progress Association inspecting the kindergarten. Jean Mc Cullough painting. 2. 10cm x 10cm Reproduction of members of the Mt Beauty Progress Association outside Mt Beauty Kindergarten with KHES General manager HHC Williamsmt beauty progress association, community service group

Mt Beauty Tennis Club circa 1956. The original 4 courts had an asphalt surface complimented by grass courts in the grassed area between the Primary School and the courts. The original 4 courts now have a synthetic surface and are still used. The grassed area is now used by the Primary school.Part of Alec McCullough's Collection. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today.x4 Black and white photos of tennis club members including one of 1956 A-Grade Premiersmt beauty tennis club, sport

The Mt Beauty Drama Group held concerts/ pantomimes at the Mt Beauty Community Centre. It was a valuable social outlet for the members because at that time the only entertainment in Mount Beauty was the pictures on a Saturday night. It was also an alternative to playing sport for some. It was formed in 1958 and expanded to include 20 ladies and 8 men. It ceased in the 1970s. Ref. "Below Bogong - A History of Mount Beauty" Chapter 8, Pages 252-254.The Drama Club performed and entertained the Mt Beauty community during their leisure time during the 1950s and 1960s. It was an alternative to sport and was before tv was available. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially as Mount Beauty was built as a construction town for the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and is now a small town with the added influence of tourism. x6 Black and White Photos of groups of adults performing c 1950sOn the back in pencil of one photo - "AMcC Collection / Pantomime in MB Community Centre"mt beauty drama group

The Mt Beauty swimming pool was first constructed in the early 1960s and opened on 7th January 1964. Currently the main pool is 'partially' heated and the area has a splash area for the children. Details of the time line and people involved are given on the typed sheets. See. "Below Bogong - A History of Mount Beauty" compiled by Di Edmondson. Chapter 9, Pages 295-296. The detail on the typed sheets gives in details the steps taken by the community to achieve the completion of the swimming pool. An example of the effort the community put in to achieve the construction of the town's swimming pool. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially as Mt Beauty was built as a construction town for the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and is now a small town with the added influence of tourism. Science has also had an impact over the years as pools can be heated according to demand and budget.Two black and white photos of people swimming in a pool and one coloured photo of people standing on a diving board. 6 typed pages of varying sizes stapled at the top right hand corner titled 'Off with the old and on with the new" - a history of the construction of the swimming pool. AM Collectionmt beauty swimming pool

The Upper Kiewa Valley Calisthenics College was popular during the 1980s and 1990sCalisthenics was a source of exercising, socialising and competing during leisure time while living in the Kiewa Valley. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today and in the past.Two pages with coloured photos refer to "The History of the UKV Calisthenics College"; x1 blue page advertising the 1983 Annual Display and x5 pages back to back re 1990 Concert including program and names of performers.ukv calisthenics, entertainment

During the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme the employees socialised by joining clubs such as the table tennis club.McKay Creek was the site of a power station where the employees lived in the camp while working there. Table tennis entertained them during their leisure time. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially as Mt Beauty was built as a construction town for the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and is now a small town with the added influence of tourism. McKay Creek was part of the construction with a work force living there.Large Black and white photo of the McKay Creek Table Tennis Club including 18 men and 1 boy.ID on the back and "AM Collection"mckay creek power station, table tennis club, kiewa hydro electric scheme

The schools in the Upper Kiewa Valley met annually for a combined athletics sports day. See: "Kiewa Kids" by Graham Gardner and "Below Bogong - A History of Mt Beauty" compiled by Di EdmondsonThere were several schools in the Upper Kiewa Valley that competed in athletics. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially in relation to the number and size of participating schools.Coloured photo of a girl and boy holding a shield with other students in the back ground.upper kiewa valley schools, athletics sports day

The Kangaroo Hoppet is a long distance (42km) cross-country skiing race held annually at Falls Creek on the Bogong High Plains. The first race was held in 1979 and has been part of Worldloppet since 1991. It is held annually on the fourth Saturday of August. The event also includes the Australian Birkebeiner (21km) and the Joey Hoppet (7km).The Kangaroo Hoppet is an international event held annually on the Bogong High Plains. It is a major tourist attraction in Australia and internationally. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of the past when skiing was in its infancy and when Mt Beauty was created being built as a construction town for the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. It is now a small town with the added influence of tourism, the Hoppet being a major event.Two colored photos showing the lighting of the flame and the flags of participating countries at the commencement of Hoppet Week. 1990skangaroo hoppet, cross country ski race, falls creek, bogong high plains, snow sports

The Mt Beauty bowling club commenced in 1970 and closed in 2016 when there were not enough members. See: "Below Bogong - A History of Mount Beauty" compiled by Di Edmondson Chapter 9, Page 316 The dates of the bowling club from 1970 to 2016 indicate the popularity of the sport in Mt Beauty where the demographic has changed over the period of time. This activity is of historic and social significance and can be compared with activities of today especially as Mt Beauty was built as a construction town for the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme and is now a small town with the added influence of tourism.Pale colored photos of members (and visitors) of the Mt Beauty Bowling Club on the bowling green.On the back of each photo "KVHS Inc / 1 in series 5"; "2 in series 5" etc.mt beauty bowling club, sport

The SECV constructed the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme during which time the Kiewa Valley Group was formed and joined the Institute of Engineers. Horace H. C. Williams was in charge of the the KHES.H.H.C. Williams was the engineer in charge of the KHES. Significant in that the photo is of white men in suits all holding a position of importance. This can be compared with current 'people in power'.Black and white large photo of 6 men in suits standing outside the Bogong SECV office. April 1950On the back in pencil: Mr I O'Donnell (CRB - visitor) / Mr E. D. Jo..?- Vice Chairman Kiewa V. Group / Mr D. V. Darwin? - Chairman Melb. Division / HHCW - Chairman, Kiewa V. Group / Mr..../ Mr jJrgher? - Sec. Kiewa Valley Group Note: HHCWh.h.c. williams, kvhs, institute of engineers

Mt Beauty township, at the head of the Kiewa Valley, is situated at the foot of Mt Bogong. The town was established by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria during the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme on the High Plains.Mt Beauty is a popular tourist resort. The main highway from Mt Beauty to the Bogong High Plains is most picturesque throughout the year. During the winter months, Falls Creek provides access to Falls Creek Ski Village for snow sports. Tawonga, 6.5 km north of Mt Beauty, is famed for its trout fishing and camping on the Kiewa River. Deciduous trees make a show of colour during Autumn. The postcards are of historical value showing photos taken at an earlier time.The postcards can be compared to the attractions of the time as they do not include cycling (mountain bikes and road bikes), snow boarding, gliding and paragliding. Advertising for tourism has also changed as attractions are now available on-line. 1. 9 Coloured Photos of Bogong (5) and Visitors Information Centre display (4) 2. Two fold out coloured sets of postcards "Mt Beauty and the Kiewa Scheme", "Mt. Beauty Victoria" 3. x10 Coloured postcards Mt Beauty, Kiewa Valley, Bogong 4. x6 Coloured postcards High Country and Bogong Villagepostcards kiewa valley

Part of Geological investigation into the characteristics of the rock formations and ground water.Water supply and infrastructure requires prior investigation before construction work can commence.Very small glass tubes (about 30) with cork toppers. Each tube is labelled. Resting on wool in a cardboard box with a lid. Stored in an old thick cardboard box with a very faint 'Harrietville ... Samples' on its lid.On the tubes - place and number "Harrietville / samples"geological samples, harrietville water

The construction and development of the Kiewa Hydro scheme showing its construction and the people in work and play during its duration. It also shows the development of Mt Beauty and Bogong townships. The films were used as News Reels, Tourist Information and Entertainment.This item provids a snap shot in time (1990) when the Kiewa Valley was still relatively under populated and holiday houses owned by city bound workers was still relatively insignificant. As more and more holiday makers retire to a small but friendly region(Kiewa Valley and Mount Beauty) the increase in visitor numbers will affect the local rural bush scene more and more. The changes that will occur (in time) can be measured against the scenes presented in this video. The additional resources provided by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria of "alpine bush" fire control and management, together with an ongoing educational scheme for school children in learning about what constitutes the Alpine country's unique environment, are a very important offshoot, benefitting to both the communities within the Kiewa Valley and regional Victoria.This VHS tape is stored within its own plastic cover which has a front side Titled "KIEWA in the MAKING". The VHS tape is nestled within a formed inner structure which not only prevents the tape from moving to and fro but also unnecessary intrusion of foreign particles. Titled "Kiewa Compile" with 4 short films titled 1. Kiewa in the Making 2. Kiewa Capers 3. It only seems like yesterday 4. Kiewa.kiewa, hydro electricity, state electricity commission of victoria, construction towns, 1940s 1960s, mt beauty, bogong, falls creek, clover power station, mckay power station, bill sutton, news film, construction workers, early machinery

This "homemade rake" is constructed from a branch of a tea tree. This item demonstrates that in the mid to late 1800's the isolation of the Kiewa Valley was more pronounced than during the early 1900's. The availability of gardening implements to the residences within the Kiewa Valley was scarce to non existence. with the upgrading of roads into the valley and the boost to the Valley's population (S.E.C. Kiewa Valley Hydro Electricity Scheme) transport into the valley, firstly via commercial Hawkers in their mobile caravans and later by commercial trucks. This "home made" rake is very significant because it highlights the ingenuity of local farmers and graziers in overcoming the semi isolation of the Kiewa Valley and its regions from the commercial availability of gardening implements enjoyed by gardeners in the towns and cities of the 1800's and the early 1900's. This "home made" garden rake highlights the ingenuity of the "Australian" character per se. A slice of this ingenuity can be seen by the amount of inventions, per capita, produced within Australia throughout its history.Handle is a long, stripped branch of tea tree. The head of the rake is a 2.3 cm. wide piece of wood, compressed between two 0.5 cm. pieces of metal joined with bolts, nuts and rivets. The holes drilled into the wood hold metal tines 10.5 cms. high. There should be 16 tines but 4 are missing. This type of rake is/ was used in dairiestimber, dairy, farm, rural, implement

This inkwell was in use up until the early 1960's (especially in schools) and used as a source of ink into which a nib pen was inserted which could hold only a small amount for distribution onto mainly paper. The pen itself did not contain any "self" ink replenishment(such as fountain pens or later on biros ). Writing using this method involved a greater time period and also involved a drying application such as blotter to stop the ink from smudging(blurring or becoming smeared).This ink well is very significant to The Kiewa Valley because it represents a period before "cartridge" fountain pens and biros. It was in a "slower" paced era when written communication was not required to be an "instant" method. This was also a period in time when all forms of communication, especially in a rural settings, had no requirement, because of the facilities available, to be the "now" contingency. The "lay back" environment of semi isolated rural areas can be highlighted by the well used phrase of the times - "she'll be right mate"Brown coloured inkwell. Made of pottery, cylindrical shaped container with a raised neck opening at the top. This item has a flat bottom for positioning on a desk or other flat surfacepottery, inkwell for nib pens, stationery

Historical look (early 20th century) at the administrative requirements for the running of a small country school. The level of accountability was limited to a monthly report and a visit from the District Inspector. This was still in the era where paper reporting was utmost and faster electronic reporting had still to be implemented.The significance of this register is that it highlights the need in the early 1900s for travelling time, to and from, the duties required at a small country town to be detailed closely for a bureaucracy that was relatively isolated within the larger cities of Australia. Decentralisation of not only government but also of industry had not as yet entered the Australian environment. This register also shows that the written word was clearly hand scribed and thereby a more personal form of communication. This was still in the age where you " can tell a lot about a person from their handwriting" Lucy Goonan was Leonie Prime's relation and came from Glen Creek to teach at Mullindolingong School for a couple of years. None of the other names are 'known' names from the district.Green coloured cardboard backed book with two large staples holding each page at the left side of the spine Each page of has been folded in half from a 51cm overall length to produce each individual page of the register. This method of production of the book provides 25 double sided pages. Markings on cover " Absence Register, School No........ At ......." Markings on inside cover " ABSENCE REGISTER." Underneath this heading there are six explanatory and conditional usage. Each page is printed with the heading ABSENCE REGISTER and underneath "Roll No. 191(part of initial year reference), Record No. Name of Teacher Position Date of Absence Cause of Absence No. of times absent from beginning of year, total number of days absence and remarks requirements staff /reason/time taken during the period 1923 to 1950. Each page was printed with only three numbers of the calender year 191-.This was so that each year could be manually inserted.teachers absence register small school administration, mullindolingong school 1923 -1950

In 1940 Field Headquarters for the Kiewa Scheme were established at Bogong with office, workshop facilities and accommodation for workmen, staff and some families constructed. (There had been a 'tent camp' on this site in 1939 but was destroyed by bushfires) Construction of accommodation continued until 1947. A total of 40 houses plus a hostel for single staff, post office, police station, medical centre and primary school all with water and sewerage and electricity supply. The staff hostel was known as Kiewa House and is now occupied by the Education Department. Lake Guy was named after Mr. L.T. Guy who was the Resident Engineer in charge of construction work and associated activities on the Kiewa area. He held this position from 1939 to November 1946 when he was transferred to Head Office.This photograph is an excellent historical record of Bogong Village in about 1945. It shows the layout of the town in the fairly steep terrain, the workmen's camp between the houses and the lake foreshore, the Commissioner's Lodge on the hill behind the Village, the walkway through the dam wall can be seen to the left of the spillway, the dam is on spill and note damage to the large trees is still evident from the 1939 bush fires. The Commissioner's Lodge was lost in the 2003 fires and the camp buildings were in service until 1962, when they were removed and the site converted into a public picnic area with lawns and gardens.A Black and white photograph"Lake Guy and Bogong" hand written on back of photograph.kiewa, accommodation, lake, dam, bogong

In 1943 a camp for workmen was erected and a commencement made with the erection of plant storage and workshop buildings in the new township of Mt. Beauty. The photograph was probably taken after the completion of these buildings. There is no sign of construction of the town itself. In the latter part of 1945 work was commenced on the Mt. Beauty township area with a medical centre, general trading store and some houses under construction. The No. 5 Road, from where the photograph was taken, is the road to West Kiewa Power Station and Big Hill Scenic Lookout.Is an excellent view of the Kiewa Valley before there was little work undertaken to establish the town of Mt. Beauty. Farming was well established with the evidence of huge areas of cleared land. The junction of the East and West Kiewa Rivers can be clearly seen. The first Workmen's camp is near the river and some workshop buildings can also be seen. Black and white photograph of the Kiewa Valley, looking North.Handwritten on the back of photograph "Kiewa Valley from No. 5 Road".kiewa valley, camp, buildings, mt. beauty

This promotional photograph by the Tobacco Growers Association was in response to a 1935 meeting of tobacco growers from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland which produced four major resolutions for the industry covering the remainder of the 1900s. These four resolutions were: (1) Adequate tariff protection (2) Control of pests and diseases (3) Orderly marketing (4) The formation of an advisory council of growers. History has produced the following results. (1) adequate tariff protection was never achieved,(2) control of disease through benzol vapour (CSIRO) breakthrough, was later identified as carcinogenic, (3) orderly marketing was achieved through (4) the establishment of the Tobacco Growers Association(19840. In October 2006, by way of Government buy back of tobacco leases from growers, resulted in the end of Tobacco farming in Australia (after 136 years of planting the first crop). It was also significant that the major tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and The British American Tobacco Australasia advised the industry that it would source its tobacco requirements overseas by 2009.The death of the tobacco industry(2006) resulted in the expansion of the dairy , sheep, beef cattle, venison and lama wool producers in the Kiewa Valley and surrounding regions. The remnants of the Tobacco Industry can still be viewed throughout the Kiewa Valley and adjacent regions on the former tobacco farms which still have the tobacco drying sheds and now converted into hay sheds. The problems from the large quantities of carcinogenic infused soil of farmlands in the region, still remains a problem now and for future generations. This particular photograph shows the lack of understanding by farmers and the contracted labour, at that time, and is demonstrated by the lack of protection of hands when handling seedlings and attached soil. Hand and foot protection was rarely used, even when later warnings were issued of the carcinogenic toxicity of the soil. The majority of farm owners, up until Health authorities stepped in the later stages of 1900s, were skeptical of city scientists' "carcinogenic" health warnings and it was only after the younger generation of farmers, who had graduated from Agricultural colleges, encompassed the scientific approach to farm management. The "she'll be right mate" attitude of the farming/rural community has since the 1970s been slowly dissipating. Stricter controls of herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture are now in force.Coloured photograph pasted onto a thick wood chip backing. Two galvanised eyelets at the top of the frame, 50mm from each end, with a twine cord stretch from each, for hanging purposes. See also KVHS 0054A, KVHS0054C to KVHS 0054FA sign, which has been removed from the picture at some previous point in time is "Pulling seedlings for planting"tobacco, farming, rural industry, licences, ollie mould, blue mould, benzol vapour, photograph

This promotional photograph by the Tobacco Growers Association was in response to a 1935 meeting of tobacco growers from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland which produced four major resolutions for the industry covering the remainder of the 1900s. These four resolutions were: (1) Adequate tariff protection (2) Control of pests and diseases (3) Orderly marketing (4) The formation of an advisory council of growers. History has produced the following results. (1) adequate tariff protection was never achieved,(2) control of disease through benzol vapour (CSIRO) breakthrough, was later identified as carcinogenic, (3) orderly marketing was achieved through (4) the establishment of the Tobacco Growers Association(1984). In October 2006, by way of Government buy back of tobacco leases from growers, resulted in the end of Tobacco farming in Australia (after 136 years of planting the first crop). It was also significant that the major tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and The British American Tobacco Australasia advised the industry that it would source its tobacco requirements overseas by 2009.The remnants of the Tobacco Industry can still be viewed throughout the Kiewa Valley and adjacent regions on the former tobacco farms which still have the tobacco drying sheds and now converted into hay sheds. The problems from the large quantities of carcinogenic infused soil of farmlands in the region, still remains a problem now and for future generations. This particular photograph shows the lack of understanding by farmers and the contracted labour, at that time, and is demonstrated by the lack of protection of hands when handling seedlings and attached soil. Hand and foot protection was rarely used, even when later warnings were issued of the carcinogenic toxicity of the soil. The majority of farm owners, up until Health authorities stepped in the latter stages of 1900s, were skeptical of city scientists' "carcinogenic" health warnings and it was only after the younger generation of farmers, who had graduated from Agricultural colleges, encompassed the scientific approach to farm management. The "she'll be right mate" attitude of the farming/rural community has since the 1970s been slowly dissipating. Stricter controls of herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture are now in force. The death of the tobacco industry(2006) resulted in the expansion of the dairy , sheep, beef cattle, venison and lama wool producers in the Kiewa Valley and surrounding regions.Coloured photograph pasted onto a thick wood chip backing. Two galvanised eyelets at the top of the frame, 50mm from each end, with a twine cord stretch from each, for hanging purposes. See also KVHS 0054A ,KVHS 0054B and KVHC 0054D to KVHS 0054F A sign, which has been removed from the picture at some previous point in time is "The Tobacco crop being topped (flower removed)". tobacco, farming, rural industry, licences, ollie mould, blue mould, benzol vapour

This promotional photograph by the Tobacco Growers Association was in response to a 1935 meeting of tobacco growers from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland which produced four major resolutions for the industry covering the remainder of the 1900s. These four resolutions were: (1) Adequate tariff protection (2) Control of pests and diseases (3) Orderly marketing (4) The formation of an advisory council of growers. History has produced the following results. (1) adequate tariff protection was never achieved,(2) control of disease through benzol vapour (CSIRO) breakthrough, was later identified as carcinogenic, (3) orderly marketing was achieved through (4) the establishment of the Tobacco Growers Association(1984). In October 2006, by way of Government buy back of tobacco leases from growers, resulted in the end of Tobacco farming in Australia (after 136 years of planting the first crop). It was also significant that the major tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and The British American Tobacco Australasia advised the industry that it would source its tobacco requirements overseas by 2009.The remnants of the Tobacco Industry can still be viewed throughout the Kiewa Valley and adjacent regions on the former tobacco farms which still have the tobacco drying sheds and now converted into hay sheds. The problems from the large quantities of carcinogenic infused soil of farmlands in the region, still remains a problem now and for future generations. This particular photograph shows the lack of understanding by farmers, at that time, and is demonstrated by the lack of protection of hands and no masks over their noses, when handling plants. Hand, nose and foot protection was rarely used, even when later warnings were issued of the carcinogenic toxicity of the soil. The majority of farm owners, up until Health authorities stepped in the latter stages of 1900s, were skeptical of city scientists' "carcinogenic" health warnings and it was only after the younger generation of farmers, who had graduated from Agricultural colleges, encompassed the scientific approach to farm management. The "she'll be right mate" attitude of the farming/rural community has since the 1970s been slowly dissipating. Stricter controls of herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture are now in force. The death of the tobacco industry(2006) resulted in the expansion of the dairy , sheep, beef cattle, venison and lama wool producers in the Kiewa Valley and surrounding regions.Coloured photograph pasted onto a thick wood chip backing. Two galvanised eyelets at the top of the frame, 50mm from each end, with a twine cord stretch from each, for hanging purposes. See also KVHS 0054A to KVHS 0054C and 0054E to KVHS 0054FA sign, which has been removed from the picture at some previous point in time is "The Tobacco fully grown prior to start picking"tobacco, farming, rural industry, licences, ollie mould, blue mould, benzol vapour

This promotional photograph by the Tobacco Growers Association was in response to a 1935 meeting of tobacco growers from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland which produced four major resolutions for the industry covering the remainder of the 1900s. These four resolutions were: (1) Adequate tariff protection (2) Control of pests and diseases (3) Orderly marketing (4) The formation of an advisory council of growers. History has produced the following results. (1) adequate tariff protection was never achieved,(2) control of disease through benzol vapour (CSIRO) breakthrough, was later identified as carcinogenic, (3) orderly marketing was achieved through (4) the establishment of the Tobacco Growers Association(19840. In October 2006, by way of Government buy back of tobacco leases from growers, resulted in the end of Tobacco farming in Australia (after 136 years of planting the first crop). It was also significant that the major tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and The British American Tobacco Australasia advised the industry that it would source its tobacco requirements overseas by 2009.The remnants of the Tobacco Industry can still be viewed throughout the Kiewa Valley and adjacent regions on the former tobacco farms which still have the tobacco drying sheds and now converted into hay sheds. The problems from the large quantities of carcinogenic infused soil of farmlands in the region, still remains a problem now and for future generations. This particular photograph shows the lack of understanding by farmers and the contracted labour, at that time, and is demonstrated by the lack of protection of hands when handling the tobacco leaves and nose from tobacco dust. Hand and foot protection was rarely used, even when later warnings were issued of the carcinogenic toxicity of the soil. The majority of farm owners, up until Health authorities stepped in the later stages of 1900s, were skeptical of city scientists' "carcinogenic" health warnings and it was only after the younger generation of farmers, who had graduated from Agricultural colleges, encompassed the scientific approach to farm management. The "she'll be right mate" attitude of the farming/rural community has since the 1970s been slowly dissipating. Stricter controls of herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture are now in force. The death of the tobacco industry(2006) resulted in the expansion of the dairy , sheep, beef cattle, venison and lama wool producers in the Kiewa Valley and surrounding regions.Coloured photograph pasted onto a thick wood chip backing. Two galvanised eyelets at the top of the frame, 50mm from each end, with a twine cord stretch from each, for hanging purposes. See also KVHS 0054A to KVHS 0054D and KVHS 0054Ftobacco, farming, rural industry, licences, ollie mould, blue mould, benzol vapour, photograph

This promotional photograph by the Tobacco Growers Association was in response to a 1935 meeting of tobacco growers from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland which produced four major resolutions for the industry covering the remainder of the 1900s. These four resolutions were: (1) Adequate tariff protection (2) Control of pests and diseases (3) Orderly marketing (4) The formation of an advisory council of growers. History has produced the following results. (1) adequate tariff protection was never achieved,(2) control of disease through benzol vapour (CSIRO) breakthrough, was later identified as carcinogenic, (3) orderly marketing was achieved through (4) the establishment of the Tobacco Growers Association(19840. In October 2006, by way of Government buy back of tobacco leases from growers, resulted in the end of Tobacco farming in Australia (after 136 years of planting the first crop). It was also significant that the major tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and The British American Tobacco Australasia advised the industry that it would source its tobacco requirements overseas by 2009.This particular photograph shows prospective buyers (from the major processing firms of Philip Morris and British American Tobacco Australasia) inspecting the dried tobacco leaves at the Melbourne sales, before 2009, when they moved to overseas growers.The remnants of the Tobacco Industry can still be viewed throughout the Kiewa Valley and adjacent regions on the former tobacco farms, which still have the former tobacco drying sheds but now converted into hay sheds. The death of the tobacco industry(2006) resulted in the expansion of the dairy , sheep, beef cattle, venison and lama wool producers in the Kiewa Valley and surrounding regions. The problems from the large quantities of carcinogenic infused soil of farmlands in the region, still remains a problem now and for future generations. The tighter restrictions of where the final product can be smoked and the higher tax levied (no tariff protection) was the main contributor to this one time lucrative industry's demise.Coloured photograph pasted onto a thick wood chip backing. Two galvanised eyelets at the top of the frame, 50mm from each end, with a twine cord stretch from each, for hanging purposes. See also KVHS 0054A to KVHS 0054EA sign, which has been removed from the picture at some previous point in time is "Tobacco sale floor"tobacco, farming, rural industry, licences, ollie mould, blue mould, benzol vapour, photograph

This particular edition was published in a period (1950s), when textbooks for primary and secondary schools were published by London based publishing houses such as LONGMAN. This particular publishing house brand is now only used by the Longman Schools in China. This reference book was one of the basic reading material for students learning the "English" language opposed to the "Americanised English". The two versions of English now in use are mainly influenced by the greater influx of American based media and the internet. At the time of this publication however print media was at its peak and the English used was from the United Kingdom. Although the written language is in English, the majority subject matter is of Australian origin. This text book is very significant in demonstrating the type of English taught in rural schools during the period and before the internet and the American based spell check programs now in use. The subtle changes in both the spoken and written English, due to the modern internet facilities, can be seen by the "texting" language of school aged students, post "world wide web" and mobile telephones. This English text book is a moment in time, when the isolation of rural communities had greater affect upon the standard of both the written and spoken language. It was a time when Britain was still thought of as "the mother land" and the English used was that brought to Australian by the original settlers and over time developed an "Australian flavour".Plastic covered soft green colored cardboard cover in black print. Pages (150) are printed in black ink on both sides and in different fonts.Front cover "INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH" underneath "J. Aughterson" underneath a squiggle of three half circles. underneath "LONGMANS". Spine: "AUGHTERSON INTERMEDIATE ENGLISH LONGMANS"school curriculum, secondary education, rural schools