Showing 293 items
matching metallurgy
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Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Old Mines - New Vison: A Progres Report on Resurce Potenital Mount Lyell Mineral Field, 1992
A plastic bound report by Murray J. Flintcroft and M.V. McKeown. INcludes photorgaphic reproductions such as the Owen Conglomerate, West Lyell Workshops, Glenn Lyell Alteration Zone, The Blow Opencut Looking North, Little Owen, mining, mount lyell, geology, geophysics, metallurgy, west lyell style, north lyell style, copper clay style, hellyer style -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Booklets, The School of MInes and Industries, Ballarat: The Diploma School, 1962
Red covered booklet of 12 pages. Back and front covers are written onapplied chemistry, metallurgy, geology, electrical engineering, mecanical engineering, civil engineering, mining engineering, applied physics, art -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Ballarat School of Mines, Ballarat School of Mine Indenture (Hector G. Brickhill), 1893, 17/04/1893
Hector Brickbill paid 100 guineas to the Ballarat School of mines to be admitted as a Student-Assistant as part of a course of instruction in Chemistry, Metallurgy, Geology, Mineralogy, Surveying and Electrical Science. The indenture was for a three year period and required the student-assistant to undertake 40 hours of diligent and faithful work at the Ballarat School of Mines. Not less than 24 hours per week was to be devoted to instruction such as lectures at The School, and not less than 20 hours was to be devoted to the service of The School upon duties in connection with the Laboratories and Museum under the direction of a Professor. Upon completion Hector Brickbill became an Associate of the Ballarat School of Mines, and could put the letters ASMB after his name. .1) Printed indenture document which has been folded in half. Hand written sections have been filled out on the printed document. The indenture is between Andrew Anderson, President of the Ballarat School of Mines, and Hector G. Brickhill of Launceston, Tasmania. .2) Blue Ballarat School of Mines envelopehector g. brickhill, alumni, andrew anderson, ballarat school of mines indenture, ballarat school of mines student-assistant undenture, associate -
Federation University Historical Collection
Document, Ken Clements (BCAE Registrar), Ballarat College of Advanced Education Development, 1989
The history starts with the following: The Ballarat College of Advanced Education was formed in 1976 by the merging of the State College of Victoria at Ballarat and the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education. Each of the two institutions forming the Ballarat College of Advanced Education had a unique history of Development. The parent body of the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education was the School of Mines and Industries, Ballarat. The original school was founded in 1870 by the Ballarat Mining Board with the support of local residents interested in assisting the then flourishing gold mining industry by training personnel for all levels of mining activities. The first awards were at the professional diploma level leading to Associateship of the School of Mines were made in 1896 to various branches of Engineering, Metallurgy and geology. ... Two pages of printed text concerning the history and development of the Ballarat College of Advanced Education, taken from the 1889 Ballarat College of Advanced Education Handbook.ballarat teachers college, mt helen, bcae, biae, scvb, tertiary education, ballarat college of advanced education, state college of victoria at ballarat, ballarat institute of advanced education, ballarat school of mines -
City of Greater Bendigo - Civic Collection
Medal, School of Mines Silver Jubilee 1873 - 1923, 1923
The Bendigo School of Mines was opened in 1873 following the first report of the Technological Commission in 1869 which recommended the establishment of schools of design and science to meet the scientific and technical needs of the mining industry on the local gold fields. Initially mining, chemistry, geology, metallurgy and art were taught while a separate school of design was established in c. 1870 but incorporated into the School of Mines around 1883 when it was renamed as the School of Mines and Industry. In 1904 The Mechanics Institute was liquidated and its assets and buildings acquired by the School of Mines. Around 1907 a Junior Technical School commenced to operate at the School of Mines and Industry but ceased operating in 1961 with that function being transferred to the White Hills and Kangaroo Flat Technical Schools.Obverse; Ornate relief design made up of a coat of arms with mining icons in each quarter flanked by flags on either side. Per varios usus artem experientia fecit written in scroll underneath. Translation: Practice has brought skill through different exercises. (Manilius) Reverse; Outer wheel Bendigo School of Mines and Industries. Inner; 1873 /Jubilee /1923Obverse; Per varios usus artem experientia fecit Reverse; Outer wheel Bendigo School of Mines and Industries. Inner; 1873 /Jubilee /1923city of greater bendigo education, bendigo school of mines -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Black and White, Federation University Albert Coates Complex under construction, 1972
Fiver black and white photographs showing the former Union Building, now the Federation University Albert Coates Complex, under construction. .1) View of the first stage residences site south west, shows Stage 1 Engineering and Metallurgy/Geology. .2) View of the first stage residences site to the South west. Roadway dam creates upper pond. .3) View of the first stage residences site to the eastward. Shows lower pond and roadway dam. .4) View of the first stage residences site to the South. Start of Union Building Construction. .5) .View to the south east across lower pond, shows the Tree of Knowledge and first stage buildings.albert coates complex, union building, mount helen campus -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, American Institute of Mining Engineers, Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Vol 1, 1871-1873
Meetings of the institute were held in Wilkes-Barre, Bethlehem, Troy, Philadelphia, New York, Pittsburgh and Boston.Red hard covered book. Contents include: * List of members * Geological Distribution of MIning Districts in the United States (R.W. Raymond) * The Relation between the Speed and Effectiveness of Stamps (R.W. Raymond) * Remarks on the Waste in Coal-Mining (R. P Rothwell) * An Eccentric Theodolite (Francis Vinton) * The Use ad Advantages of the Prop Srew-Jack (E. Gaijot) * The Manufacture of Iron and Steel Rails ( John B. Pearse) * The importance of Surveying in Geology (Benjamin Smith Lyman) * Use of Blast-Furnace Slag (T. Egleston) * The Geonostical History of Metals (T. Sterry Hunt) * The Mining and Metallurgical Laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Robert H. Richards) Stamped "Department of Mining University of Melbourne"american institute of mining engineers, mining engineering, prop screw jack, mining districts in the united states of america, waste inn coal mining, lehigh zinc company, lake superior copper districtblast furnace, rolling versus hammering ingots, indianablack coal, pig-iron, longwall system of mining, wickersham process, midlothian colliary, virginia, plummet lamp, diamond drills -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - PETER ELLIS COLLECTION: LETTER
Photocopies of some pages mentioning the Museum. Part of a letter by P H MacGillivray, President, Report on the Botany Class, Report on the Chemistry and Metallurgy Classes, The Museum, including what exhibits, attendance of visitors and opening times. A number of pages of Donations to the Museum from 1/7 1891 to 30/6/1892, including the names and address of the donors. There is a list of the Classification of Specimens (received during the year). Also mentioned is Botany - Lecturer - J B Lillie Mackay and Zoology - Lecturer - J B Lillie Mackay. There is also a part of the printing about Architectural and Geometrical Drawing, Machine and Building Construction - Teacher - W H E Nicolai.museums, peter ellis collection, bendigo school of mines, dr macgillivray, rev j garlick, dr colquhoun, mr g alec thomson, mr j eardsley edwards, dr quick, j m harcourt, j robshaw, r bloomfield rees, j d crofts, w h carwardine, dr dendy, professor marshall hall, professor baldwin spencer, department of education, sir frederick mccoy, baron von mueller, j w faul, john robshaw, henry jackson, j b lillie mackay, melbourne university, mr a south, department of forestry, mr perrin, the pharmacy board of victoria, education department -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.
Book, Theodore Jesse Hoover, The Economics of Mining, 1938
Theodore Jesse Hoover, brother of the 31st President of the United States, was born in West Branch, Iowa, on January 28, 1871. He attended Stanford and received the Bachelor of Arts degree in Geology and Mining in 1901. Following graduation his professional career started with the position of assayer for the Keystone Consolidated Mining Company. After one year, he became assistant manager for the Standard Consolidated Mine, and a year later he was promoted to manager of the operation. In 1907 Hoover went to London as general manager of Minerals Separation, Ltd. This company was developing the froth flotation process for recovering minerals from ores. Hoover took an active part in the development of the flotation concentration process and authored one of the first books on the concentration of ores by flotation. After four years with Minerals Separation, Ltd., Hoover entered private practice as a consulting mining and metallurgical engineer with offices in London and in San Francisco. He was very successful and held positions of consulting engineer, managing director, director, and president of many mining companies in America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. He returned to Stanford in 1919 as Professor of Mining and Metallurgy and Executive Head of the Department of Mining and Metallurgy. His experience and ability in organization made him a natural leader. He was influential in the formation of the School of Engineering at Stanford. The School was formed in 1925 and he was made dean, a position he held until his retirement in 1936. As dean of engineering, he promoted a broad fundamental training program for undergraduate engineering students. Under his guidance, emphasis was placed upon graduate work and he was responsible for developing strong graduate engineering curricula at Stanford. While dean he continued teaching and his course, "The Economics of Mining," developed into a book which was published in 1933. He became interested in the functions of engineers and, with Professor Fish, wrote a book entitled "The Engineering Profession" which was published in 1940 and revised in 1950. In addition to his academic activities he was generous in his hospitality. Faculty and students alike enjoyed the annual field day and barbecue at his Rancho del Oso, near Santa Cruz. He was widely read and had a lively interest in all the things he encountered. He speculated on the antiquity of man and man's early production processes. To verify an idea regarding flint tools, he studied their shapes and became proficient in making arrow heads. He was also interested in wild life, and was one of the founding members of the Cooper Ornithological Society. (http://engineering.stanford.edu/about/bio-hoover)Blue hard covered book of 547 pages including an index. Contents include mine valuation (sampling, ore deposits, ore reserves, financial provisions, sale of mineral product, metal prices, reports) and Mining Organization (Co-operative effort, Mining Companies, Promoting Mining Enterprises, fluctuations of share prices, valuation of mining shares, fakes and fallacies, the mining Engineer and the law) and Mine Management (Organization of staff, mine manager, efficiency, industrial relations, training and discipline, safety).inside cover 'Charles Bacon Mackay School of Mines'.mining, economics, hoover, stanford, mackay school of mines, mackay, bacon -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, South Australian School of Mines and Technological Museum Annual Report, 1909, 1909
.3) South Australian School of MInes and Technological Museum Annual Report for 1908 and Prospectus for 1909. Includes images of the School Council (H. Adams, E.A. Roberts, E.W. Van Senden, Hon. Sir J. Langdon Bonython, Hon. Sir F.W. Holder, Hon. D.M. Charleston, Professor W.H. Bragg, J. Theo Scherk. L. Grayson, J.G. Bice, W.H. Matthews), The School, Plans of the Metallurgical and Chemical Laboratories, Physics Students, Assaying Furnace Room, David Murray, Museum, Noyes Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Model Scouring Plant at the Angas Wool laboratory, Sir George Ruthven Le Hunte, Wet Assay Laboratory. Electro-Technical Room.south australian school of mines, museum, e.a. roberts, e.w. van senden, hon. sir j. langdon bonython, hon. sir f.w. holder, hon. d.m. charleston, professor w.h. bragg, j.g. bice, w.h. matthews), the school, plans of the metallurgical and chemical laboratories, physics students, assaying furnace room, david murray, noyes electrical engineering laboratory, model scouring plant at the angas wool laboratory, sir george ruthven le hunte, wet assay laboratory. electro-technical room., h. adams, j. langdon bonython, f.w. holder, d.m. charlston, w.h. bragg, j. tho scherk, l. grayson, ruthven le hunte, south australia, schools of mines -
Federation University Historical Collection
Article - Article - Women, Ballarat School of MInes: Women of Note; Bella Guerin, Educator and Activist, (1858 - 1923)
Julia Margaret (Bella) Guerin (1858-1923), feminist, political activist and teacher, was born on 23 April 1858. Her father was a Governor of Gaols and was so at Ballarat Gaol from 1860s to 1890.- Having studied at home to pass matriculation in 1878, Bella entered Melbourne University in 1881, the same year her brother Marco began at Ballarat School of Mines to study Metallurgy and Assaying. Bella became the first woman to graduate from an Australian University when she gained her B.A. from the University of Melbourne in December 1883, becoming M.A. upon application in 1885. She taught first at Loreto Convent, Ballarat, urging higher education scholarships for Catholic girls to produce 'a band of noble thoughtful women as a powerful influence for good'; then as Lady Principal of Ballarat School of Mines University classes from 1887-1890, resigning upon marriage. Returning to teaching from financial necessity she began to frequent suffragist circles from the mid 1890s. She also became very involved within the Labor Party. She wrote speeches for Vida Golstein, a campaigner for women's rights, the right to vote and stand for elections. In recognition of her time at Ballarat School of Mines, a Hall of Residence at Federation University, Mount Helen Campus has been named after her, Bella Guerin Hall of Residence. Tunnelling tradition dictates a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) cannot start work until it has been given a female name, a sign of good luck for the project ahead. This dates back to the 1500s when miners and military engineers working with explosives for underground excavation, prayed to Saint Barbara for protection.The TBMs working on the two West Gate extensions are named after two very prominent women working for the rights for women. They are named Bella (Bella Guerin) and Vida (Vida Goldstein)women of note, feminist, political activist, teacher, melbourne university, first female university graduate, loreto convent ballarat, lady principal of ballarat school of mines, 1887-1890, labor party, hall of residence, bella guerin hall of residence, federation university, mount helen campus, julia margaret guerin, bella guerin, governor of gaols, ballarat gaol, father, marco guerin, brother, ballarat school of mines, metallurgy, assaying, women's rights, vote for women, vida goldstein, west gate tunnels, tunnel boring machines, tbms, bella, vida -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Dish
The development of bronze and iron metalworking skills allowed for cookware made from metal to be manufactured, although adoption of the new cookware was slow due to the much higher cost. After the development of metal cookware there was little new development in cookware, with the standard medieval kitchen utilising a cauldron and a shallow earthenware pan for most cooking tasks, with a spit employed for roasting. By the 17th century, it was common for a Western kitchen to contain a number of skillets, baking pans, a kettle and several pots, along with a variety of pot hooks and trivets. Brass or copper vessels were common in Asia and Europe, whilst iron pots were common in the American colonies. Improvements in metallurgy during the 19th and 20th centuries allowed for pots and pans from metals such as steel, stainless steel and aluminium to be economically produced. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookware_and_bakewareThis item is significant as an example of an item in common use in the kitchen in the second half of the 19th Century, and thereafter.Metal oval cake/pie dish. Significant rust all over..None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cookware, bakeware, kitchenware -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Document (item) - Bill Prowse Collection WP14 See details in Description, Bill Prowse Collection WP14
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Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Ballarat School of Mines Associates Board 1951-1957, c1984
In the early 1880s the Ballarat School of Mines Council introduced a three year course of training under the professors to qualify students in the following professions: 1. Mining Engineering 2. Metallurgy 3. Geology 4. Electricity [45] Each of these courses had an additional, but optional, fourth year of study. The prescribed subjects of study for an Associateship was set out in the Calendar of the Ballarat School of Mines in each year. Any student who passed the prescribed examinations in any of the above courses was issued with a Certificate of Competency, and conferred with the distinction of Associate. By the 1890s the professorial staff had drawn up a curriculum leading to an Associateship of the Ballarat School of Mines. The first two years work was to be common to all courses, but in the third and subsequent years the student wold be devoted to a specialised branch of study. The Associateship was to be conferred in one of another of the following Courses: Agriculture, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, [Geology], Metallurgy and Mining Engineering. All were three year courses except for Agriculture which was two years. Each course was conducted in accordance with a prescribed curriculum and syllabus. During the 1910s there was an expectation that candidates for the Associate course should have attained the age of sixteen, and have received preparatory training equivalent to University Matriculation at least in the subjects of Elementary Mathematics, English Grammar and Composition, or have passed through Junior Technical School. In 1960 an new procedure for admission to graduate status as Associates was introduced to the Ballarat School of Mines where Associateship would be conferred at a public ceremony. After 01 July 1976 graduates of Ballarat College of Advanced Education and Ballarat College of Advanced Education were admitted in major studies relating to mining for Australian accreditation and overseas purposes. Ballarat School of Mines Associates could ascribe ASMB after their name.Black and white photograph of Associatedsof the Ballarat School of Mines from 1951-1957.Associates of the Ballarat School of Mines :Lists names 1989-1964ballarat school of mines, smb campus, electrical engineering 1958, brian w. schreenan civil engineering 1958, clifford j. restarick metallurgy 1958, john t h. clelland metallurgy 1958, donald c. stevens mining engineering 1958, john g. wolfe civil engineering 1959, james e. mcneil electrical engineering 1959, patrick h. nally civil engineering 1959, graham j. willey metallurgy 1959, stanley p. kisler civil engineering 1959, donald j. overall electrical engineering 1959, brian j. mclennan civil engineering 1959, philip j. davis art 1959, bruce v. mcdougall mining engineering 1959, lancelot j. matthews mechanical engineering 1959, alan w. wilson mechanical engineering 1959, alan w. wilson electrical engineering 1959, george a r. lewis art 1959, noel e. meagher electrical engineering 1960, john l. collier mining engineering 1960, john l. collier civil engineering 1960, frank andrewartha mechanical engineering 1960, norman leckie art 1960, lansell j. groat civil engineering 1960, boon thiam lu mining engineering 1960, oswyn n. hails civil engineering 1960, john a. watts applied chemistry 1960, thomas b. gallagher civil engineering 1960, brian a. bellingham civil engineering 1961, alan c leviston applied chemistry 1961, walter j wynd civil engineering 1961, francis d benjamin civil engineering 1961, leonard e fox mechanical engineering 1961, yan kai chung applied chemistry 1961, george d mcgrath mechanical engineering 1961, john r sawyer mechanical engineering 1961, ronald horgan applied chemistry 1961, douglas j vendy civil engineering 1961, john a barnes electrical engineering 1961, brian w smith metallurgy 1961, william r carlyon metallurgy 1961, chris p livitsanos metallurgy 1961, lawrence g trevan civil engineering 1961, richard g dunlop mechanical engineering 1961, ronald m ingleton mechanical engineering 1961, peter m robinson mechanical engineering 1961, david j jelbart mechanical engineering 1961, john g hollway mechanical engineering 1961, george m hetherington civil engineering 1961, david w brown mechanical engineering 1961, john r gowan civil engineering 1961, geoffrey a christian civil engineering 1961, arthur c burrow mechanical engineering 1961, john n mcarthur applied chemistry 1961, graeme r bromley mechanical engineering 1961, william davison civil engineering 1961, ben a johnson electrical engineering 1961, ben a johnson civil engineering 1961, allan j tinney civil engineering 1961, thomas h j coad applied chemistry 1961, brian h duthie civil engineering 1961, basil c bautovich mechanical engineering 1961, reece pullen electrical engineering 1961, john d carmichael electrical engineering 1961, william j spencer civil engineering 1961, neil a brogden civil engineering 1961, michael villani civil engineering 1961, ralph j hepburn mechanical engineering 1961, peter w linaker mechanical engineering 1961, peter j matthews mechanical engineering 1961, edgar mca bartrop mining engineering 1961, donald j stewart, brian schreenan -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: NELL GWYNNE SYNCLINE
Manilla folder of documents relating to the Nell Gwynne Syncline Mining lease. Mentioned are Lease No.'s 10875 and 10903 which is in the Empire Road Stray Street area; R. Lethlean's Sluicing Claim; Albert Selisky has permissive Occupancy on ¼ acre; New Chum Syncline; Liddell's Chenical and Metallurgical Works; Arum Dredging Development NL. Application for a Hydraulic Sluicing Lease; Transfer of lease No. 10903, from H.J. Leed to North Nell Gwynne Gold Mines NL; Application form for the Nell Gwynne Syncline Co.. Application for leases 10945 and 10946; Nell Gwynne Syncline option to purchase lease 10945 for £1,000; Consent from Minna Matilda Lawson for inclusion of part of allotment 268 in lease No. 10875.Dickson & Tadgell Charted Accountants, 95 Queen Street, Melbourne C1gold, mining, land application, nell gwymme syncline, gold mines, bendigo -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph (black & white), Ballarat School of Mines Students visit the New Normanby Mine, 1899, 1899
In 1875 John Rowe enrolled at the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) where he studied Metallurgy and Assaying. In 1880 the Britannia Mine closed and John Rowe moved to Launceston working as Manager of the Royal Tasman Gold Mining Company. He returned to Ballarat two years later to manage the Long Gully United Gold Mining Company. In 1885 John Rowe sought work in New Caledonia followed by South Africa. While in South Africa he received an offer from SMB to lecture in Practical Mining, an instructional innovation which involved weekly visits to some of the principle mines in the district. John Rowe took up this position in 1994, but it appears to have been a short lived innovation ending in 1996, possibly due to John Rowe's failing health. (http://guerin.ballarat.edu.au/curator/honour-roll/honourroll_Rowe,John.shtml)Nineteen men, some Ballarat School of Mines students, pose outside Ballarat's New Normanby Mine. Some hold picks and candles. The man in the centre wearing a waistcoat is John Rowe, experienced miner and lecturer in Practical Mining at the Ballarat School of Mines. The June 1899 Ballarat School of Mines Magazine records: "The mining class visited the Britannia Gold Mine, and were kindly shown over the surface and underground workings by Mr. Harvey."candle, ballarat school of mines, safety cage, john rowe, new normanby gold mine, mining alumni, pick -
Federation University Historical Collection
Clothing - Costume Accessories, School of Mines Hat Band, mid 1900s
Tertiary education at Ballarat began with the establishment of the School of Mines in 1870, making it Australia's third oldest tertiary institution. Classes began in surveying, mathematics, chemistry and a decade later they included metallurgy, assaying and geology. The technical division provided such programs as wool classing, plumbing and bricklaying. In 1967, it was split into three separate institutions, Ballarat School of Industries, Ballarat Technical School, and Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education. Then in 1976 the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education became into Ballarat College of Advanced Education. The Ballarat School of Industries and Ballarat Technical School became the School of Mines and Industries, Ballarat (SMB). In 1998, the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries and the Horsham-based Wimmera Institute of TAFE merged with the University of Ballarat. The university merged with Monash University's Gippsland (Churchill) campus in 2013 and the merged schools are now the Federation University AustraliaThis woven band of dark blue has two narrow bands of gold on either side. It has a 4cm turn back at the end, which is held by a folded and stitched piece of the same band placed at ninety degrees around the band. school of mines ballarat, hat band, uniform, costume, textiles -
Federation University Historical Collection
Accessory - Object, School of Mines Ballarat Cuff Links, c1920s
Tertiary education at Ballarat began with the establishment of the School of Mines in 1870, making it Australia's third oldest tertiary institution. Classes began in surveying, mathematics, chemistry and a decade later they included metallurgy, assaying and geology. The technical division provided such programs as wool classing, plumbing and bricklaying. In 1967, it was split into three separate institutions, Ballarat School of Industries, Ballarat Technical School, and Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education. Then in 1976 the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education became into Ballarat College of Advanced Education. The Ballarat School of Industries and Ballarat Technical School became the School of Mines and Industries, Ballarat (SMB). In 1998, the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries and the Horsham-based Wimmera Institute of TAFE merged with the University of Ballarat. The university merged with Monash University's Gippsland (Churchill) campus in 2013 and the merged schools are now the Federation University AustraliaThese circular cuff links are the Coat of Arms of the School of Mines Ballarat and are made of sterling silver and white, yellow, green and blue enamel attached by three links to a small bar with dumb bells. On face - Ingenio Effodere Opesschool of mines ballarat, school crest, cuff links -
Federation University Historical Collection
Object, School of Mines Ballarat Lapel Badge, c1920s
Tertiary education at Ballarat began with the establishment of the School of Mines in 1870, making it Australia's third oldest tertiary institution. Classes began in surveying, mathematics, chemistry and a decade later they included metallurgy, assaying and geology. The technical division provided such programs as wool classing, plumbing and bricklaying. In 1967, it was split into three separate institutions, Ballarat School of Industries, Ballarat Technical School, and Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education. Then in 1976 the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education became into Ballarat College of Advanced Education. The Ballarat School of Industries and Ballarat Technical School became the School of Mines and Industries, Ballarat (SMB). In 1998, the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries and the Horsham-based Wimmera Institute of TAFE merged with the University of Ballarat. The university merged with Monash University's Gippsland (Churchill) campus in 2013 and the merged schools are now the Federation University AustraliaThese Coat of Arms of the School of Mines Ballarat are circular lapel badges and are made of sterling silver and enamel. The circular disc is attached to a long pin. 1). The enamel is yellow, green and blue 2). The enamel is white, yellow, green and blueOn face - Ingenio Effodere Opesschool of mines ballarat, school crest, lapel pins -
Federation University Historical Collection
Object, Stokes & Sons Pty Ltd, School of Mines Ballarat Brass and Enamel Badge, mid 1900s
Tertiary education at Ballarat began with the establishment of the School of Mines in 1870, making it Australia's third oldest tertiary institution. Classes began in surveying, mathematics, chemistry and a decade later they included metallurgy, assaying and geology. The technical division provided such programs as wool classing, plumbing and bricklaying. In 1967, it was split into three separate institutions, Ballarat School of Industries, Ballarat Technical School, and Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education. Then in 1976 the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education became Ballarat College of Advanced Education. The Ballarat School of Industries and Ballarat Technical School became the School of Mines and Industries, Ballarat (SMB). In 1998, the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries and the Horsham-based Wimmera Institute of TAFE merged with the University of Ballarat. The university merged with Monash University's Gippsland (Churchill) campus in 2013 and the merged schools are now the Federation University Australia. Gold coloured School of Mines Ballarat brass badges with blue and green enameling. Box of 72 (8 are loose in the box but 64 are in individual packets).On face - Ballarat School of Mines, Ingenio Effodere Opes Stamped into back - Stokes Melbballarat school of mines, badge, stokes and sons, numismatics -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Longman's, Green, and Co, A Select List of Books suitable for use in Science and Technical Schools, September 1904, 1904
Used at Ballarat School of Mines and Industries. The book was produced by Longmans, Green and Co. in 1904. The books are divided into sections: 1. Practical Elementary Science Series, 2. Elementary Science Manuals, 3. Advanced Science Manuals, 4. Text-books of Science, 5. Chemistry, 6. Physics, 7. Mechanics, Theoretical and Applied, 8. Optics and Photography, 9, Sound, Light and Heat, 10. Steam, 11. Building and Construction, 12. Magnetism and Electricity, 13. Engineering, Strength of Materials, 14. Machine Construction and Drawing, 15. Navigation, 16. Mineralogy, 17. Metallurgy, Astronomy, 18. Naval Architecture, 19. Principles of Mining, 20. Manufactures, Technology, 21. Geology, Physiography, 22.Hygiene, 23. Zoology, 24. Human Physiology, 25. General Biology, 26. Botany, 27. Principles of Agriculture, 28. Mathematics, 29. Geometry, 30. Trigonometry, Beige coloured soft covered book with 30 pages. Lists books suitable for use in technical and science schools.list of books, science and technical school, longmans, green and co., subject sections of books available -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph - Photograph (Black & White), Senior Members of the Ballarat School of Mines Staff, 1900, 1900
Staff Members of the Ballarat School of MinesA black and white photograph showing 18 men. Standing L-R: S.B. Vial (Chemistry); W. Doepel (Clerk); Alfred E.C. Kerr (Mechanical Engineering); Arthur Garrard (Battery Manager); Henry Hall (Drawing); W. Kerr Grant (Mathematics); C.E. Campbell (Photography); J.M. Sutherland (Electricity); H.R. Murphy (Assayer); Charles A. Dean (Cyanide Works). Sitting: Daniel Walker (Chemistry); Thomas S. Hart (Mineralogy & Curator); Fred. J. Martell (Registrar); Alfred Mica Smith, Senior Professor (Chemistry, Metallurgy, etc); J.S. Dawburn (Engineering & Surveying); Dr J.F. Usher (Materia Medica). Seating (Front): P.A. Osborne (Assistant Assayer); Godfrey Hart (Museum). .2) is a framed copy of the photograph in a carved timber from from Peake's BallaratFramer's plate 'Peake's Ballarat' Framed mount 'The Ballarat School of Mines, Staff 1900'ballarat school of mines, alfred mica smith, daniel walker, thomas hart, s.b. vial, w doepel, alfred kerr, arthur garrard, henry hall, w kerr grant, ce campbell, john sutherland, hr murphy, charles dean, fred martel, j.s. dawburn, j.f. usher, p.a. osborne, godfrey hart, c.e. campbell, w. kerr grant, kerr grant -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Student information, Ballarat School of Mines General Information for Diploma Students Booklets, 1 & .2 1963, .3 1959/1960
.1 , .2 & .3 Beige colour booklets of 4, and 11 pages, .4 & .5 pale green booklets of 11 pages and .6 & .7 red booklets of 16 pages, with information about length of courses, the academic year, class times, credit for subjects of course, examinations, exemptions, the awarding of the diploma, conferring of diplomas, entrance to university, extra curricular activities, school boards, enrolment and re enrolment, and payment of fees. ballarat school of mines and industries, diploma information, the diploma school, applied chemistry, metallurgy, geology, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, mining engineering, applied physics, art -
Federation University Historical Collection
Article - Article - Women, Ballarat School of Mines: Women of Note; Jeanette Perkins, First Female Geology Student, (1927 - )
Jeanette Perkins was born in 1927 at Ballarat. She attended Alfredton State School and Pleasant Street State School before completing her secondary schooling at Ballarat High School (BHS). During her later years at BHS Perkins decided that she wanted to become a geologist, but was ineligible for university when she failed Leaving Certificate maths. She attended an interview with the principal (Heseltine) at the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) and announced that she wanted to be a geologist. Heseltine was, according to Perkins, aghast: he informed her that there had never been a female geologist at SMB and they didn't want one. But Perkins persisted. Only then did Heseltine reluctantly enrol her in the School's Applied Chemistry Course which offered the most geological subjects, moreover, it was the only one he considered available to a 'mere' female. After graduating Perkins was employed as a metallurgical chemist with M.B. Johns Valves, Ballarat. In 1949 she married Alfred Watson. In 1951 Jeanette and Alf Watson moved to Melbourne where she commenced work as a metallurgical chemist at the Maribyrnong Ordnance Factory while studying geology part time: Alf returned to study at the University of Melbourne. Once again, Watson set a precedent by becoming the first female student to study geology part-time at the Melbourne Technical College. Increasing demands brought about by her growing family, she turned to part-time lecturing second and third year stratigraphy and palaeontology at RMIT. In 1957 the Watsons moved to the Mary Kathleen Uranium Mine in NW Queensland where he was appointed electrical design engineer. After their return to Melbourne in 1960, Jeanette taught herself to SCUBA dive and quickly developed a passion for the sport and the marine environment. She taught senior science to secondary students for 10 years whilst working towards a Masters degree. In 1991 Jeanette Watson was awarded a Doctorate from Deakin University.women of note, ballarat school of mines, alfredton state school, pleasant street state school, ballarat high school, leaving certificate maths, interview with principal, heseltine, geologist, applied chemistry course, no female geologists, metallurgical chemist, married 1949, melbourne, ordinance factory, part time study, melbourne technical college, rmit, part time lecturer, scuba diving, science teacher for ten years, masters degree, doctorate, deakin university -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet - Annual Review, Ballarat School of Mines Annual Review, 1986 -1991
The Ballarat School of Mines was established in 1870 through the initiatives of the Ballarat Mining Board making it the oldest site of technical education in Australia. The Board was concerned with the shortage of mine managers for the goldfields. Classes began in surveying, mathematics, and chemistry and a decade later they included metallurgy , assaying and geology. With the decline in goldmining the direction of the college changed and broadened, the art School was established and the Ballarat Junior Technical School developed. In 1976, the tertiary sector seperated from the School of Mines and Industries Ballarat to form the Ballarat College of Advanced Education. In the 1980s SMB was a Community College of Technical Education and Further Education (TAFE) offering a wide range of vocational, enrichment and preparatory programs. It is continuing the tradition of providing for the educaiton needs of people within the Central Highlands. During the 1970s and 80s it acquired and refurbished old buildings and developed new facilities to keep up with the needs of an expanding curriculum and student population. The era of these annual reports is just before the merger with the University of Ballarat.A number of soft card covered annual report for the Ballarat School of Mines. .1) 12 page black covered report featuring an image of the E.J. Tippett Library. Includes information on death of E.J. Tippett, disability policy, Peter Quinn, Patti McNulty, Bob Feary, Shane Everand, Integration, Fiona Watson, retirement of Robert Morgan, Opening of the carpentry and Joinery Facility in Davey Street, formation of the School of Business and Information Technology, Melissa Bone, opening of the E.J. T. Tippett Learning Resource Centre (Library), Refurbishment of the Administration Building, Food Service Building (Prospects), Court House Theatre, Enrolment centre, Museum, Creche, Women's Trade technical Program, Rural Education Program, Ararat Prison Program, Community Studies Section, Ararat Adult Literacy Group. Literacy Assistance for Undergraduates, Fire training, fitness, open Learning, Training & Employment Group, Awards, Filipino Visitors, oil Seed Research, Brunei, Barometer (gift) for Horticulture, Special Equipment (guillotine and brake press; programmable logic Controller; theodolite: laser lever; Universal testing Machine; Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer)., organisational Structure. Photos include Ken Flecknoe, Peter Quinn, Patti McNulty, Bob Feary, Shane Everard, Fiona Watson,Linda Bland, Robert Morgan, David McCaughey, E.J. Tippett, Frank Sheehan, Julie Baulch, Jo Reeves, Col McCurry, Jenny Garnham .3) Blue covered book with a photograph of the M.B. John Building taken from Albert Street on the cover. Topics include: Ken Flecknoe, Peter Shiells, Ararat Campus, David Haddow, Kevin Martin, Rendle Hannah, Gary Eason, Geoff Pope, Albert Peart, M.B. John building opened, Hairdressing Salon, Community Centre, Creche, closure of Lydiard Street, Museum, Jenny Levison, Inskill, Small Business Training, Ballarat Eat free Library, Barkly Street, Wormalds Valve Group, Aboriginal Programs, Horticulture Center, Awards, Country fire Authority, tractor Donation, Women's Policy. Special purchases included surveying equipment with data recorder, test rig , CDT MIG welder, compact gas chromatograph with FID and single pen recorder, Olivetti stand-alone word processing unit. Images include Ken Flecknoe. Peter Shiells, John Crowe, Trevor Slater, Brian McLennan, Kerrie Cross, Albert Peart, John Cain, M.B. John, Enrollment Centre, Museum, Jo Watson, Wormalds, Brian Webber, Dianna Nikelson, Ian Aitken, Brendan B, Chez Dichiera, Heather Dixon, Julie Broadbent .4) 1993 - Brown and white soft covered annual review featuring students of the Ballarat School of Mines at work. Bill Gribble, Brian McLennan, Peter Shiells Retirement, Robert C. Lovett, Steven Mendelson, Max Palmer, Jenny Gough, Mary Molloy, Barrie Firth, Colin McCurry, Dora Hormann, Organisation Structure, Brewery Acquisition, Humffray Street Primary School, Grant Street Retaining Wall, Neville Bunning Plaque, VCE Plus, Ballarat Small Business centre, Ararat Prison, Ballarat Showgrounds Rotunda, .6) Green covered annual review with an aerial photograph over Albert Street, Ballarat. Content include Kerrie Cross, Peter Shiells. Kenneth Flecknoe Obituary, Ian Pimblett, Keith Boast, David Nicholson, Max Palmer, Brian Webber, Bob Lovett, Linda Bland, Prospects, Training restaurant, 3BBB, Malcolm Vallance, Aboriginal Programs, Ian Cathie, Koorie Support Unit, Caroline Hogg, 'Trained Men Make Their Own Terms' exhibition at the Gold Museum, Ricky Hains, Stephen Hughes, Jeff White, Dennis Bolster .8) Blue covered review for 1989. The contents include: Kerrie Cross, Peter Shiells, Ann McCaffrey, Kevin Alsop, Mary Molloy, Ross Furness, Robert Lovett, Victoria Street Student Hostel, Hugh Beggs, Ballarat Small Business Centre, Inskill, Ararat Campus, Hospitality and Tourism, Koorie Support Unit, Fiona Warsn, Bruce Staley, Terry Moran, Anthony Wonish, Ivan Deveson, Leo Shannon Memorial Award, Bryan Crebbin, Geoff Howard, R.C.W. Burdett, Jeff White, Ian Harris, Tom Wiseman, Bill Gribble, Allison Kay, Steven Mendelson, Keith Boast. .9) Grey covered book with a coloured photo of the Victoria Street Student Residence. Contents include: Kerry Cross, Peter Shiells, Morgan Bevan John Illuminated address. Jean Phillips, Koorie Support Unit, Andrew Sullivan, Victoria Street Student Residence, Horticulture, Inskill, Tertiary Awareness Project, Adult Education, Ivan Deveson, Brian Howe, Barry Jones, Joan Kirner, Andrew Trigg, Warren Perry, Murrell Rock Collections, Gwyn Hanssen-Piggott, Disability Awareness Day, Sebastopol Borough Logo, Phoebe Rimmer, Russell Jackson, R.J. Young Scholarship, Peter Muir, Founders Day Cake, Morgan John. .11) Black card covered booklet with five images of exteriors of the Ballarat School of Mines. the contents include: Jack Barker, Peter Shiells, Peter Ellyard, Ian Stoney, Terry Moran, Wayne Strong, David Ince, Simone Titheridge, Ian Aitken,Kevin Alsop, Bill Bridges, Clive Carmichael, Bob Feary, Rendle hannah, Roly Parfenovics, Graham Snibson, Kevin Stockdale, Len Wilson, Child Care Centre opening, Student accommodation, Victoria Street, Brewery site. naming buildings, E.J. barker. A.W. Steane K.J. Flecknow, Carpentry and joinery, Inskill, Hospitality, Pottery, ceramics, Founders' Day, Warren Perry, Agreement between Ballarat School of Mines and Ballarat university College, merger, Peter Baldwin, Awards, obituary Lindsay Hillman. Images include: Wayne Strong, David Ince, Simone Titheridge, kerrie Cross, Joan Kirner, Frank Sheehan, Bill Gribble Ros Wilkie, Judi O'Loughlin, Tony Leonard, Gemma Hearnes, Brendan Hill, Joanne Bell, Karl Moon, Stella Savy, Shirley Falkinder, Peter Baldwin, Jack Barker, Michael Ronaldson, David Kemp, Peter Shiells, Margot Healey, Sharon McLennan, Kerrie Firns, Petrena Brookers, Deb Goudappel, Claire Bond, Administration Building Lindsay Hillman. .13 ) Brown covered report with photographic images. Content includes: Pam Merrett. , Peter Shiells, Robert Lovett, Steven Mendelson, Max Palmer, Jenny Gough, Barrie Firth .14) Brown covered report with photographic images. Content includes: .15) Green covered report with photographic images. The blond woman standing on the right looking at a computer screen is Pam Merrett. Content includes: Bill Gribble, Ron Wild, Doug Sarah, Martin Hill, John Kemp, David Manterfield, Leslie Comy, Linette Penhall, Glen Martland. Virginia Fenelon. Michael Bracher, Brewery Building. Child care centre, Prospects Cafe Opening, Horticulture Training Centre, Retaining Wall, The Gordon, University of Ballarat and Ballarat School of Mines affiliation, Geoffrey Blainey, Ararat Community College Memo of understanding, Brian McLennan. Founders Day (Hadden Storey), Gwyn Hanssen-Pigott, Ken Latta, Neville Bunning Outstanding Achievement Award, Valerie Wilson, Jack Barker, John Sharpham, Jack Barker Resignation.ballarat school of mines, university of ballarat, integration, shane everard, robery morgan, linda bland, ballarat junior technical school, former court house, ken flecknoe, bruce muir, lindsay hillman, neil crouch, jack barker, keith boast, rex hollioake, m.b. john, bob lovett, brian mclennan, peter shiells, bruce tanner, jeff white, bryan crebbin, kerrie cross, ric dunlop, tom wiseman, barbara hughes, chris matheson, morgan b. john, albert street, steven mendelson, john crowe, ann mccaffrey, kevin alsop, mary molloy, ross furness, robert lovett, victoria street student hostel, student residences, hugh beggs, ballarat small business centre, inskill, ararat campus, hospitality and tourism, koorie support unit, fiona watson, bruce staley, terry moran, anthony wonish, ivan deveson, leo shannon memorial award, geoff howard, r.c.w. burdett, ian harris, bill gribble, allison kay, liz eddy, pam merrett, doug sarah, martin hill, john kemp, david manterfield, leslie comy, linette penhall, glen martland, virginia fenelon, michael bracher, brewery building, child care centre, prospects cafe, horticulture training centre, retaining wall, the gordon, university of ballarat and ballarat school of mines affiliation, geoffrey blainey, ararat community college memo of understanding, founders day, hadden storey, gwyn hanssen-pigott, ken latta, neville bunning outstanding achievement award, valerie wilson, john sharpham, kerry cross, morgan bevan john illuminated address, jean phillips, andrew sullivan, victoria street student residence, horticulture, inskill, tertiary awareness project, adult education, brian howe, barry jones, joan kirner, andrew trigg, warren perry, murrell rock collections, gwyn hanssen-piggott, disability awareness day, sebastopol borough logo, phoebe rimmer, russell jackson, r.j. young scholarship, peter muir, kenneth flecknoe obituary, ian pimblett, david nicholson, brian webber, prospects, training restaurant, 3bbb, malcolm vallance, aboriginal programs, ian cathie, caroline hogg, 'trained men make their own terms' exhibition at the gold museum, ricky hains, stephen hughes, dennis bolster, aboriginal education, e.j. tippett obituary, patti mcnulty, bob feary, equal opportunity officer, robert c. morgan, school of business and information technology, e.j. tippett library, e.j. tippett library opening, carpentry and joinery, women's trade and technical program, rural education program, ararat prison program, barometer, oil seed research, . bill gribble, peter shiells retirement, robert c. lovett, max palmer, jenny gough, barrie firth, colin mccurry, dora hormann, organisation structure, brewery acquisition, humffray street primary school, grant street retaining wall, neville bunning plaque, vce plus, ararat prison, ballarat showgrounds rotunda -
Federation University Historical Collection
Booklet, Victorian Minerals Education Centre, c1990
Ballarat University College (Now Federation University) was designated by the State Government as the centre for Mining Engineering Education in Victoria. The Victorian Minerals Education Centre was estabioshed in 1990 with a grant from teh Victorian Education Foundation to provide Victoria with a centre of excellence to support development of mineral resources.Promotional brochure for the Victorian Minerals Education Centrevictorian minerals education centre, vmec, richard croggon, pete dahlhaus, steve carey, stafford mcknight, w.r.h. ramsay, brian sunter, c. swaminathan, s. zang, mining engineering, geology, metallurgy -
Federation University Historical Collection
Magazine - Booklets, Ballarat School of Mines Students' Magazine 1954, 1953-1955
Three soft covered Magazines - the Ballarat School of Mines Students' Magazine for 1953-5. .1) 1953 - The Coronation Number. Articles include: The Mining and Metallurgy Congress, Aboriginal research, Power from Water, Engineering Etiquette, Australian Art Images include: Queen Elizabeth 2, Ballarat Junior Technical School winning the Marching Competition, competitors in the Redex Trial. .2) 1954 - Articles include: Eureka Stockade; Working in East Africa and Canada, Greece, Images include; Craig's Hotel, Eureka Swimming Pool; Barry Jones, Harold Everett, "Tailspin" Taylor, Pastoral Skipton, Margaret McGregor, Nancy Rimmington, Janice Tonkin, First Roll Call in Girls' Junior Technical School .3) 1955. Articles include: Tales from Malaysia, Literary Society Images include; Craig's Hotel, Signatures: N.H. Andrews; J. Skuja: Alan E. Johnson, B.V. McDougall, L.J. Mathews, Daryl Schmidt, J, Collierballarat school of mines, tinney, faneco, jim john, dean, spiers, ngip, barrie smith, stewart rowe, elaine walton, stevens, max stevens, sawyer, ann mitchell, flavel, ingleton, bethune, blackburn, boag, brokenshire, carmichael, kirby, kinnane, alec kinnane, ludbrook, meagher, searl, sheppard, gillin, murray gillan, archer, beattie, bautovich, benjamin, buck, bunting, athol day, eddie, habel, heyes, maddox, phillips, schreenan, donald stevens, tinissen, whitcher, ian whitcher, mccallum, ryrie mccallum, marching competition, skuja, wilton, neil andrews, ellen freemantle, alan johnson, willey, graeme willey, mainwaring, diana mainwaring, mcdougall, little, margaret little, lance matthews, philp davis, eureka stockade, eureka swimming pool, pools, swimming pool, restarick, kempe, barry johns, harold everett, taylor, holmes, wendell holmes, skipton, john collier, collier, daryl schmidt, chris sanos, greece, andrews, doull, everett, seong, lockhead, pitzen, watts, technical school, junior technical school, girl's junior technical school, ballarat girl's junior technical school, baxendale, stan kisler, graham willey, murray, jim murray, grundell, cleland, furlog, ron furlong, judy johnson, russ whitcher, anita young, durant, malaysia, literary society, thurling, andrewartha, barnes, ditchfield, peter ditchfield, dunlop, kisler, mcneil, orgill, quinlan, saggers, bill saggers, seabrook, williams, paddle, graham, handmer, hetehrington, dow, pine, ballarat north junior technical school, william saggers -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MCCOLL, RANKIN AND STANISTREET COLLECTION: CENTRAL RED WHITE AND BLUE - BUNDLE OF PAPERS, 1912
Documents: Whitelaw Central Red White and Blue Mine Bendigo. 28 pages summary of gold mining correspondence - mortgage mining leases 943689340, contract of sale to Central Blue Gum GM 1933, leases with mining rights, treatment of pyrites agreement 1917 - J. Edwards & Co, Helen Streader - release of liability after being paid (pounds)125 by mine due to accidental death of husband 1912. Another for Ellen Lane 1916, list of titles held by Co , lease agreements Filcock and Manning, Andrew Harkness 'winding plant at mine' 1923, notice to perform agreement to Manning's 1916, Edwards Metallurgical Works 1917, map for 9777 Bendigo, contract for explosives with Dalgety & Co 1917, new scrip for lost shares 1917, Miner's Right 1911, sale of land Ra. A. Rankin 1910.MCCOLL RANKIN AND STANISTREETorganization, mining, central red white and blue, mccoll rankin and stanistreet. -
Federation University Historical Collection
Article - Article - Women, Ballarat School of Mines: Women of Note; Martha Pinkerton, Established Art Scholarship in perpetuity, (1864 - 1939)
Martha Pinkerton and her brother Frank Pinkerton were longstanding supporters of the Ballarat School of Mines and its students. Following their deaths in the 1930s, the School became the recipient of two important bequests that were to lead to the establishment in perpetuity of the following student scholarships: firstly, the Frank Pinkerton scholarship valued at £30 per annum for three years and free tuition in architecture, metallurgy, applied chemistry, mining, electrical, mechanical or civil engineering-and secondly, the Martha K. Pinkerton art scholarship of the same value, 'for talented and deserving students from the City and District of Ballarat'. In the early 1930's Martha, who was a past student at the SMB Art and Technical School, began to give a succession of practical donations to the institution which commenced during the Depression years. Thereafter, for approximately a decade until her early death, she continued to donate £50 annually to assist with the payment of the fees of students at the Technical Art School who were experiencing financial difficulties.women of note, ballarat school of mines, martha pinkerton, bequests, frank pinkerton, scholarships, technical art school, art student, bequests in perpetuity, 1930s, depression years, payment of fees financial difficulties -
Federation University Historical Collection
Book, Thames School of Mines Syllabus of Lectures and Instruction, 1895
The Thames School of Mines is in Thames, New Zealand.Printed sylabus for the Thames School of Mines, New Zealand. It includes a scale of charges.thames school of mines, schools of mines, new zealand, james park, f.b. allen, geology, metallurgy, ventilation, explosives, surveying, mineralogy, assaying, physics, astronomy