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Port Fairy Historical Society Museum and Archives
Photograph, Cr William Boyd Shire of Belfast President 1891-92 95-96
... station in 1884. William managed the station grazing cattle... grazing cattle and sheep. The area was later to become part ...Councillor William Boyd was the son of Alexander Boyd who emigrated from Scotland and purchased the property known as Tarrone station in 1884. William managed the station grazing cattle and sheep. The area was later to become part of the Soldier Settlement land after the Second World War.Black and white portraitbelfast, president, government, portrait, shire, council, municipal, local-government, tarrone -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Negative - Photograph, Harry Gilham, Grave of Harriet Agrita Falkiner (1849-1923) , Eltham Cemetery, Victoria, Sep 2009
... around 1848 where he established an orchard and grazed cattle... River around 1848 where he established an orchard and grazed ...Harriet Falkiner was the daughter of Frederick Edward and Fanny Falkiner. Frederick was Eltham's first postmaster and settled in the district on the Diamond Creek and Yarra River around 1848 where he established an orchard and grazed cattle. The original family home was a pioneer settler's cottage built by Frederick Falkiner in Ely street.Roll of 35mm colour negative film, 6 stripsKodak GC 400-9alexander richard falkiner, eltham cemetery, evelyn falkiner, frederick edward falkiner, gravestones, harriet agrita falkiner -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Peter Pidgeon, Grave of Harriet Agrita Falkiner (1849-1923) , Eltham Cemetery, Victoria, 5 April 2021
... around 1848 where he established an orchard and grazed cattle... an orchard and grazed cattle. The original family home was a pioneer ...Harriet Falkiner was the daughter of Frederick Edward and Fanny Falkiner. Frederick was Eltham's first postmaster and settled in the district on the Diamond Creek and Yarra River around 1848 where he established an orchard and grazed cattle. The original family home was a pioneer settler's cottage built by Frederick Falkiner in Ely street.Born Digitaleltham cemetery, gravestones, heritage excursion, alexander richard falkiner, evelyn falkiner, frederick edward falkiner, harriet agrita falkiner -
National Wool Museum
Painting, The White Farm, 2020/21
... it for both sheep and cattle grazing since purchasing the property... it for both sheep and cattle grazing since purchasing the property ...The farm buildings that Linda Gallus has studied and painted are on the farmland adjoining the Leura Park properties in Curlewis, on the Bellarine Peninsula. The current owner of the property told Linda that he bought the farm in 1994. He has used it for both sheep and cattle grazing since purchasing the property. When the farmer bought the land all the buildings on the property were painted white for sale, despite the fact they were very old. The shearing shed was in use up until the time of sale but was in a bad state of disrepair. The roof, stumps and floor required replacing. The building was no longer in use after the sale, so the shearing shed gradually fell into further disrepair. The previous owner had also used the property for growing potatoes, crops and livestock, mainly sheep. Linda’s fascination with the property came when she caught a glimpse of the white chimney over the hill driving towards Point Lonsdale, which still stands proud today on the roof of the old shearing shed. The owner kindly allowed her to visit the property over the past few years to capture the buildings using photography and painting. During this time many of the buildings have fallen. Linda calls it The White Farm as there are remnants of that original white paint on the outside of most of the buildings giving it a strange and rather beautiful patina. The structures are wonderful remnants of the history of the Bellarine. Linda first spotted the old shearing shed when she was driving home to Clifton Springs from Geelong. It was the white chimney on the shearing shed that stood out behind the rolling grassy hills. It was intriguing – bright white and still in good condition, unlike the rest of the building. After further investigation Linda got to know the owner of the property and visited it frequently to draw, take photos and paint. There is a variety of lovely old buildings on the property, but it was the shearing shed that held extra fascination for Linda. The most intriguing thing for Linda was that the buildings were all painted white at some stage and now the patina of peeling paint and bleached timber brought a wonderful mood and feeling to the farm. This is what she has tried to capture in this series of 11 paintings. Most of the buildings are falling, so Linda felt an urgency to capture them using acrylic paint on canvas in order to commemorate them forever.Acrylic Paint on Canvas. The images both feature a falling down shearing shed as the central focus. The wood of the shearing shed is a central theme of importance. The old buildings were painted white for sale despite being in a state of structural instability. After time this same painted wood has been left with an interesting complex patina like film on the surface which the artist has taken great care to capture. Image 1 is titled ‘Another gust of Wind’. It shows the exterior of the shearing shed which is in the process of collapsing from the forces of mother nature. In the background of this painting another of the buildings in the ‘White Farm’ complex is visible, in addition to blue skies and overgrown green grasses. Image 2 is titled ‘Green Trough’. It features the interior of the same collapsing shearing shed. The image is painted as though the viewer is peering through a crack of the external wall. Internally a green trough is seen hanging on an internal fence. Unlike everything else in the shearing shed, the trough appears new and in good condition. It provides a strong juxtaposition to the rest of the shearing shed, and the larger surrounding ‘White Farm’ complexbellarine peninsula, the white farm, shearing shed -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photograph Farm Land, Kiewa, 25/8/38, circa 1938
... . The area was still being used for grazing cattle and the land... as a township. The area was still being used for grazing cattle ...This photograph was taken in august, 1938 some eight years prior to the establishment of Mt. Beauty as a township. The area was still being used for grazing cattle and the land was eventually acquired from the local land owners by the State Electricity Commission. The construction of the road, from Tawonga to the High Plains, was commenced in April of 1938. This allowed men and heavy equipment to be transported to the work sites for the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. Prior to this access was by bridle trail, either on horse back or by foot. By 1946 housing construction had commenced for the new town of Mt. Beauty and by 1948 street construction in the southern part of the town was completed as far as Hill Street.This is an important photograph as it shows the upper Kiewa Valley and the site for Mt. Beauty as it was before the establishment of the town. The land has been cleared of natural vegetation and used for grazing cattle.Black and white photograph of farmland, cattle in the distance, hills in the backgroundHandwritten in the upper left hand corner, in black ink, 'Kiewa 25/8/38'. The number 8 has been stamped in the upper right hand side of the photograph. On the back have been stamped the words Velox, indicating the type of photographic paper.kiewa, mt. beauty, construction, grazing, secv -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Roper's Hut Memorabilia
... hut was used as a shelter for cattlemen who grazed... hut was used as a shelter for cattlemen who grazed ...Roper's Hut was built in 1939 and was burnt down in 2003. It was rebuilt in 2008 and is situated on the Bogong High Plains on Duane Spur (where Duane's hut had been before it too was destroyed by (1939) bushfires, between Mt Nelse and Big River. The original hut was used as a shelter for cattlemen who grazed their cattle on the High Plains during summer. The Victorian High Country Huts Association Inc. members and friends helped rebuild the hut which is now used as an emergency shelter for visitors to the High Plains.The memorabilia is significant as the items belonged to the Roper family who were one of the original settlers of the Kiewa Valley and one of the original families who drove their cattle up to the Bogong High Plains. The burnt plaque and forks and the rebuilding of the huts (Duane's & Roper's) are significant as bush fires are a constant threat to the Bogong High Plains destroying large areas at a time.1. Bronze Plaque and 2 damaged forks from Roper's Hut which was destroyed by bush fires in 2003. 2. DVD & USB and hard copy photos of the rebuild of Roper's Hut in January 2008.The plaque had 'In Memory of / John F. P. Roper/ died 3-12-1977 / Aged 78 years / He built the original hut Feb. 1939'roper's hut, cattlemen, bogong high plains, bronze plaque, roper family, bush fires -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Document, Steam Cylinder Horizontal Engin, 1919
... and they ran a dairy farm at Hopkins Hill and later went in for grazing... Hill and later went in for grazing beef cattle. Warrnambool ...This drawing was produced by Ron Uebergang in 1919 at the Warrnambool Technical School. Members of the Uebergang families have been in the Warrnambool/Allansford area since the early 1850s. Ronald Uebergang (1903-1971) was born in Warrnambool, the son of Ernest Uebergang and Mary Watson. He lived at the family property, Hopkins Hill, and went to Allansford State School and Warrnambool Technical School. He was mechanically-minded, fond of music and dancing and a keen photographer. He married Myra Hall and they ran a dairy farm at Hopkins Hill and later went in for grazing beef cattle. Warrnambool Technical School was established in 1913, firstly at a Timor Street site and later at Caramut Road. Today it is called Brauer College. This drawing is of considerable interest as it was produced by Ron Uebergang. Members of the Uebergang families have been prominent in the Warrnambool/Allansford area since the early days of the district’s establishment. It is also important as a good example of the type of work produced by students from Warrnambool Technical School in its early years. This is a1919 drawing of a Steam Cylinder for a 45 HP Horizontal Engine. The drawing is half the full size of the cylinder. The drawing is on a white card with the sketches done in black and red ink. The card has a heavy black margin around the edges drawn in black ink. The drawing shows a Sectional Plan and a Half Side Elevation with the Cover Plate Removed. The card has the signature of Ron Uebergang. Attached by a metal clip to the card are four pages of measurements and plans of the steam cylinder. These are in black and red ink. Three of these pages have become partly detached. ‘Designed by R. Uebergang’ ‘Drawn by R. Uebergang’ ‘Date 1/12/19’ ronald uebergang, warrnambool technical school, history of allansford, history of warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Drawing, Warrnambool Tech .1 Fly Wheel.2 Bevel Wheels R Uebergang, 1919
... and later grazed beef cattle. Warrnambool Technical School... and later grazed beef cattle. Warrnambool Technical School ...These drawings have been produced by Ron Uebergang at the Warrnambool Technical School in 1919. Uebergang family members were pioneer settlers in the Warrnambool area in the early 1850s. Ronald John Uebergang (1903-1971) was born in Warrnambool to Ernest Uebergang and Mary Watson. Ron Uebergang lived at the family property, Hopkins Hill at Allansford and went to Allansford State School and Warrnambool Technical School. He was mechanically minded, a good photographer and fond of music and dancing. He married Myra Hall and was a dairy farmer at Hopkins Hill and later grazed beef cattle. Warrnambool Technical School was established in 1913, firstly at a Timor Street site and later at Caramut Road (today it is known as Brauer College). These drawing are of considerable interest as works produced by Ron Uebergang. Uebergang family members have been prominent in the Warrnambool-Allansford area since the pioneering days of the district. The drawings also are good examples of the type of work produced by Warrnambool Technical School students in its early years.These are two designs and drawings by Ron Uebergang produced at the Warrnambool Technical School in 1919. They are drawn on white card using black and red ink. The scale of the Flywheel is three inches to one foot and the Bevel Wheels are one-third full size. The drawings are edged with heavy black lines. The two sheets have the signature of Ron Uebergang. There are also four pages of handwritten notes on the Flywheel and Bevel Wheels.‘Designed by R. Uebergang’ ‘Drawn by R.Uebergang’ ‘Date 4/1/19’ (on Flywheel sheet) ‘Date 27/5/19’ (on Bevel Wheels sheet) warrnambool technical school, ronald uebergang, history of allansford -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, Streetscape near the corner of Victoria Crescent and Hotham Street, Surrey Hills
... used for grazing of cattle and used as part of the course... to subdivision for housing this area was paddocks used for grazing ...Prior to subdivision for housing this area was paddocks used for grazing of cattle and used as part of the course in the early days of the Surrey Hills Golf Club. Reproduced by permission of Mr John Arnold from his book: "The Riversdale Golf Club - a history, 1892-1977." Copyright to book: Riversdale Golf Club. Surrey Hills Golf Club operated from 1892-1908 then moved and became Riversdale Golf Club. The game was played across paddocks from Trafalgar Street, Mont Albert to Whitehorse Road and down Victoria Crescent to where Box Hill TAFE is now located in Elgar Road. There were problems with cows eating the tee flags! The clubhouse still exists as 30 Trafalgar Street.Black and white photo taken from the centre of a bitumen road which is flanked by bluestone guttering. Nature strips, drive cross-overs and house fences are shown. Trees on the RHS nature strip are pollarded to avoid overhead power and telephone lines. There houses in the background."Bottom: The same view today taken from the intersection of Victoria Crescent and Hotham Street, Surrey Hills."surrey hills golf club, hotham street, victoria crescent, riversdale golf club, surrey hills, john arnold -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Documents, Technical Drawings Feed Pump
... Hill near Allansford and later took up grazing beef cattle... property, Hopkins Hill near Allansford and later took up grazing ...These drawings have been produced in 1919 by Ron Uebergang when he was a pupil at the Warrnambool Technical School. The Uebergang families were pioneers in the Warrnambool/Allansford area. Ronald Uebergang (1903-1971) was born in Warrnambool to Ernest Uebergang and Mary Watson. He went to Allansford State School and Warrnambool Technical School and married Myra Hall. He was mechanically-minded, a good photographer and fond of music and dancing. He and Myra had a dairy farm at the family property, Hopkins Hill near Allansford and later took up grazing beef cattle. Warrnambool Technical School was established in 1913, and was located first on a Timor Street site and later moved to Caramut Road. Today it is called Brauer College. These drawings are of considerable interest because they were produced by Ron Uebergang and the Uebergang families have been prominent in the history of the Warrnambool and Allansford areas since the 1850s. They are also of interest as examples of the type of work produced by students of Warrnambool Technical School in its early days. .1 A Blueprint for a Feed Pump for a Horizontal Engine - blue background, white drawings. The drawing is two-thirds of the full size object. .2 The same drawing on white see-through paper. The paper has a thick line drawn around the edges in black ink. .3 The same drawing on plain white card with drawings in black ink and a thick line drawn around the edges in black ink. .4 The original brown paper covering used to send the drawings to Warrnambool Technical School in 1921. There are also two pages of handwritten material attached to the drawings by a metal clip and giving a description of the design of the Feed Pump. ‘Warrnambool Technical School’ ‘Designed by R. Uebergang’ ‘Drawn by R. Uebergang’ ‘Date 7/10/19’ ronald uebergang, warrnambool technical school, history of allansford, history of warrnambool -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Newspaper article- Double page article. Pages 30 & 83 from the Herald Sun Newspaper. February 18, 2006 regarding preserving Victoria’s High Country Huts
... lush summer grazing for cattle. High country cattlemen built... lush summer grazing for cattle. High country cattlemen built ...The arrival of explorers Hume & Hovell in 1842 brought about the widespread clearing of land in the valleys for pastoral uses and the displacement the original inhabitants in the high country which became a boon for cattlemen due to extensive lush summer grazing for cattle. High country cattlemen built a variety of huts for shelter and storage, when driving cattle up to the plains in summer, during mustering and bringing the cattle down from the mountains before winter closed in. These same huts now provide shelter from the elements for hikers, bush walkers and skiers. Wallace’s Hut is the oldest of the Cattleman’s huts still standing in the Alpine National Park and is classified under the National Trust. Due to their age and the ravages of the elements, including bush fires, many of the huts have been destroyed, or are falling into disrepair. Groups of willing volunteers are now working to preserve as many of the huts as possible with restoration or rebuilding.The numerous cattleman’s huts of the Alpine National Park and the colourful characters who erected them represent a significant part of the history of the high country area and early cattle grazing, which has been the theme for many poets and film-makers alike. They also have a significant role in the early days of the SECV when they were used by surveyors and other workers for shelter and temporary accommodation. More recently the huts have functioned as shelter for hikers and skiers caught out in the elements and a refuge along the long trek for bush walkers. They are a popular attraction for tourists and feature prominently in much of the tourist information of the region. Black and white double page Newspaper article from the Herald Sun Newspaper of February 18, 2006 regarding the efforts of Mr David Oldfield to preserve Victoria’s remaining High Country Huts through his photography and efforts to restore old and Re-build missing ones. Article shows a photograph of David Oldfield and some of his photographic work of the huts. Page number and date printed at top of each page 30 Herald Sun, Saturday, February 18, 2006 Herald Sun, Saturday, February 18, 2006 83 cattlemen's huts; david oldfield; bogong high plains; wallace's hut; high country; alpine national park -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Olivine Crystals, Unknown
... mostly been used for cattle and sheep grazing. Mount Shadwell... mostly been used for cattle and sheep grazing. Mount Shadwell ...Olivine is mostly found on the Earth's surface in igneous rocks that are dark-coloured. It is common at divergent plate boundaries and at warm spots, such as volcanic areas. It crystalises and forms during the cooling of magma. Olivine is used in refractory sand, bricks, and gemstones. Olivine has been found on a number of meteorites, which might have originated from large asteroids or the mantle of a now-destroyed planet. This olivine crystal is thought to originate from Mount Noorat, with speculation that it could have originated from Mount Shadwell. Mount Noorat is a dormant volcano cone located in the Newer Volcanics Province of Victoria. Mount Noorat belongs to the Kirrae Wuurong people, who used the Mount as a place for meetings and gatherings prior to European settlement. Contact was first made between European settlers and the Indigenous people in 1841. The Mount has mostly been used for cattle and sheep grazing. Mount Shadwell is a well-known source of olivine and is the highest of a gathering of volcanic cones. The New Volcanic Province is located in South East Australia and covers 15000 square kilometres. It contains 400 explosive vents and small shield volcanoes. The last eruption is thought to have occurred 5000 years ago at Mount Gambier and Mount Schank. This olivine crystal has been identified as a volcanic bomb, which is a molten rock which was pushed out and ejected into the air when a volcano reupts. A rock needs to be larger than 65 mm in diameter to be classified as a volcanic bomb. This olivine volcanic bomb and its locality is historically and socially significant. The olivine was found in the Newer Volcanic Province, an area which contains over 400 dormant volcanoes. This olivine is one part of a volcanic bomb, which would have ejected when magma erupted out of a volcano. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid iron-magnesium silicate mineral with shades of green and brownburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, olivine, igneous rock, volcanic, gemstones, volcanic bomb, meteorites, asteroids, plantes, mount noorat, mount shadwell, indigenous, kirrae wuurong people, newer volcanics province, victoria, european settlement, eruption -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Photograph, Muriel Pornitz (deceased), Quarry on site of Grovedale Road - James Street Park
... Streets. Maling grazed cattle on this area and used it as a dam... Streets. Maling grazed cattle on this area and used it as a dam ...The photo is of a painting of the dam formed on land between Grovedale Road and James Street, Surrey Hills. It was painted in 1927 by Miss Muriel Pornitz, an art teacher, who lived in Grovedale Road. The land had been part of Mr James Maling Snr’s property and in the 1880s clay was removed to build houses, including his own located on the corner of Weybridge and James Streets. Maling grazed cattle on this area and used it as a dam. The land was subsequently made into parkland, the quarry / dam having been filled in after several drownings had occurred in the 1920s/1930s. See also SHP94, another copy of the same. Muriel Hedwig Lucy Pornitz lived at 22 Grovedale Road, Surrey Hills. She was born c1894 in Balwyn; died in Kew on 1 December 1982. She was the daughter of Konrad Pornitz (1864-1903) and his wife Charlotte Richardson Gooderidge (1863-1942), known as Tottie, who married in 1890. Konrad Pornitz is listed in the 1892 directory as living in Edgevale Road, Kew and the business Pornitz and Ross at 291 & 293 Little Collins Street, importers and commission merchants. The 1896 directory gives the Kew address as 176 Edgevale Road, Kew, however the business Pornitz and Ross was dissolved on 1st day of October 1892, by mutual agreement. Legal notice advised that: Mr Pornitz will hereafter carry on the business on his own behalf at the same address, under the style "Pornitz and Ross". Muriel is buried in Box Hill Cemetery (B-086-0042) along with Ulrich Horst Holm Pornitz known as Horst or Bon (d 1957) and Edith Olga Pornitz (d 1951), her brother and sister. A further sibling (Konrad b 1891) died in infancy. He is buried with his mother in Boroondara (Kew) Cemetery - C/E A 0366. Konrad died at his home 'Yarran' in Lane Cove Road, North Sydney on 31 October 1903; reported in the Sydney Morning Herald. Buried Gore Hill Cemetery, St Leonards, North Sydney. The headstone reveals he was born in Chemnitz, Saxony in 1863. Muriel was also known as Muriel Pornett. She studied at the South Australian School of Arts & Crafts in 1911 under James Ashton and Fred Britton, and at the Australian School of Etching in Sydney. She was also an illustrator and cartoonist. The photo, and the painting from which it is derived, documents the landscape prior to close settlement and is material to early building and farming in the Surrey Hills area.A black and white photograph of a painting of a landscape of parkland. Two trees are on top of a rise and are reflected at the bottom in water. The signature of the artist is in the bottom right corner: "AUST MP 192" (and the rest is cut off).(miss) muriel pornitz, grovedale road, james street, surrey hills, artists, parks and reserves, (mr) john butler maling, snr, quarry, dam, (miss) muriel hedwig lucy pornitz, box hill cemetery, muriel pornett -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Audio - Oral History, Jennifer Williams, John O'Loughlin, 13 July 2000
John O'Loughlin was born in 1922 in Warracknabeal, Victoria and moved to Beechworth in February 1969. Following a brief time working in the real estate business, John gained employment as a prison officer at Beechworth Gaol. The gaol had initially closed its doors in 1918 but was reopened after the completion of alterations in 1926 as a reformatory prison for habitual male criminals. In his new role, John was able to pursue management in the farming industry, taking trusted prisoners out to a farm on the Wodonga side of Beechworth to work the land. This area was known as The Rockery, a grazing property of two-hundred and eighty acres about two miles north of Beechworth. This work done by the prisoners included timber cutting, land maintenance and the grazing of livestock, mainly Black Poll cattle. The programme was an instrumental component of prisoner rehabilitation, allowing freedom and responsibility. When he retired from his work in 1987, John observed that many improvements had been made towards the living conditions and daily life of the prisoners. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. The cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke. John O'Loughlin's account of his life in Beechworth and the local area during the twentieth century is historically and socially significant to the cultural heritage of the region. He details important information surrounding Beechworth Gaol and the daily life of its prisoners; it is a place that still holds significance for the residents of Beechworth today. This oral history account is socially and historically significant as it is part of a broader collection of interviews conducted by Jennifer Williams which were published in the book 'Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth'. While the township of Beechworth is known for its history as a gold rush town, these accounts provide a unique insight into the day-to-day life of the town's residents during the twentieth century, much of which would have been lost if they had not been preserved. This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white stripe and is currently stored in a clear flat rectangular plastic container. It holds up to forty minutes of recording on each side. John O'Loughlin / beechworth gaol, old beechworth gaol, john o'loughlin, beechworth prison, beechworth, gaol, prisoners, beechworth prison officer, prisoner reform beechworth, the rockery, black poll cattle, daily prison life beechworth, prisoner farmwork, beechworth training prison -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Cow Bell, Circa 1878
The artefact is a brass cow bell recovered from the 1878 shipwreck of the LOCH ARD near Port Campbell. It was raised by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1973 and is in storage at the Maritime Village. The LOCH ARD was constructed on the Clyde in 1873 for the prestigious Loch Line of colonial clipper ships, designed for the Australian run. She sailed from England on 1 March 1878 carrying 37 crew, 17 passengers and a diverse general cargo ranging from luxury items to bulk railway iron. On 1 June 1878, emerging from fog and hearing too late the sound of breakers against the tall limestone cliffs, the vessel struck the southern foot of Mutton Bird Island and sank in 23 metres of water. Of the fifty-four people on board only two survived, one young male crewman, Tom Pearce, and one young female passenger, Eva Carmichael. A century later, despite the pounding seas and the efforts of looters, the wreck site continued to provide ample evidence of the extraordinary range of goods being imported into the Colony of Victoria in the post-Gold Rush era. Flagstaff Hill divers in the 1970s reported finds of “Bottles of champagne, window panes, rolls of zinc, barrels of cement, iron rails, clocks, lead shot, corrugated iron, lead, marble, salad oil bottles, ink bottles, copper wire, gin bottles, rolls of carpet, floor tiles, copper rivets, gas light fittings, pocket knives, toys, crystal chandeliers, beer mugs, cutlery, candles sticks, wick scissors, cow bells, and sauce bottles.” From this array of objects on the ocean floor emerged the humble brass cow bell. Cow bells were common to colonial agriculture and transport, used wherever animals were turned out to graze overnight and had to be rounded up again next morning. Bells were fastened around the necks of household milking cows, domestic goats, bullock teams, horse teams, and camel teams, to help find them in the pre-dawn light. Station shepherds and cattle drovers also used them to warn of any disturbances to their flocks and herds overnight. The bells were a necessary item in a largely unfenced continent. So important, that Anthony Mongon began making his pot-bells at Yackandandah from 1861, August Menneke produced the “Wagga Pot” from 1867, and Samuel Jones started manufacturing his distinctively shaped “Condamine Bell” in 1868. However, these deeply resonant Australian bells were made from iron — Mongon and Jones were blacksmiths who simply beat old pitsaw blades into shape. Few genuinely brass cow bells were made here, the vast majority being imported from Britain where the industry of brass founding was already well established. (Some bells were also imported from the United States, but these too were nearly all of iron). This bell is historically significant as typical of a cow bell used by farmers and herdsmen in Colonial Victoria. Its significance is increased by being one of a collection of artefact recovered by the Flagstaff Hill Divers from the wreck of the Loch Ard in the early 1970s. Items that come from several wrecks along Victoria's coast have also been recovered for Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village’s museum collection under Government permit, illustrating this item’s level of historical value. The cow bell is also significant for being part of Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD, which is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Brass cow bell, flat-top pyramid shape, rectangular head, shoulders flare out to a rectangular mouth. The hanging yoke is missing. Noneflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, loch ard, cowbell, great ocean road, loch line, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, cow bell, brass cow bell, shipwreck artefact, flagstaff hill divers, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Cow Bell, Circa 1878
The artefact is a brass cow bell recovered from the 1878 shipwreck of the LOCH ARD near Port Campbell. It was raised by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1973 and is in storage at the Maritime Village. A cow bell is a bell worn around the neck of free-roaming livestock so herders can keep track of an animal via the sound of the bell when the animal is grazing out of view in hilly landscapes. Although they are typically referred to as "cow bells" due to their extensive use with cattle, the bells are used on a wide variety of animals. The earliest examples of truly recognizable cow bells date back to the Iron Age. The use of iron bells in sub-Saharan African music and the Niger–Congo area is linked to the early iron-making technology spread during the Bantu migrations. The earliest archaeological evidence of bells dates back to more than 5000 years ago, from the 3rd millennium BC in Neolithic China. During this era, there is evidence of early forms of pottery cow bells, which were likely used to keep track of goats, sheep, and cattle. These pottery bells were later replaced by metal bells using brass and other materials. The LOCH ARD was constructed on the Clyde in 1873 for the prestigious Loch Line of colonial clipper ships, designed for the Australian run. She sailed from England on 1 March 1878 carrying 37 crew, 17 passengers and a diverse general cargo ranging from luxury items to bulk railway iron. On 1 June 1878, emerging from fog and hearing too late the sound of breakers against the tall limestone cliffs, the vessel struck the southern foot of Mutton Bird Island and sank in 23 metres of water. Of the fifty-four people on board only two survived, one young male crewman, Tom Pearce, and one young female passenger, Eva Carmichael. (See References or Notes below for further details.)The cow bell is believed to be part of the cargo of the Loch Ard and this shipwreck of the Loch Ard is of historical significance for Victoria. Registered on the Victorian Heritage Register ( S 417), with Flagstaff Hill having a varied collection of artefacts from the Loch Ard. Its collection is significant for being one of the largest accumulation of artefacts from this notable Victorian shipwreck. The collections object is to also give us a snapshot into history so we can interpret the story of this tragic event. The collection is also archaeologically significant as it represents aspects of Victoria's shipping history that allows us to interpret Victoria's social and historical themes of the time. The collections historically significance is that it is associated unfortunately with the worst and best-known shipwreck in Victoria's history. Brass cow bell, covered in encrustations. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, loch ard, mutton bird island, glenample, eva carmichael, tom pearce, flagstaff hill divers, cow bell, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Cow Bell, circa 1878
The artefact is a brass cow bell recovered from the 1878 shipwreck of the LOCH ARD near Port Campbell. It was raised by Flagstaff Hill divers in 1973 and is in storage at the Maritime Village. The LOCH ARD was constructed on the Clyde in 1873 for the prestigious Loch Line of colonial clipper ships, designed for the Australian run. She sailed from England on 1 March 1878 carrying 37 crew, 17 passengers and a diverse general cargo ranging from luxury items to bulk railway iron. On 1 June 1878, emerging from fog and hearing too late the sound of breakers against the tall limestone cliffs, the vessel struck the southern foot of Mutton Bird Island and sank in 23 metres of water. Of the fifty-four people on board only two survived, one young male crewman, Tom Pearce, and one young female passenger, Eva Carmichael. A century later, despite the pounding seas and the efforts of looters, the wreck site continued to provide ample evidence of the extraordinary range of goods being imported into the Colony of Victoria in the post-Gold Rush era. Flagstaff Hill divers in the 1970s reported finds of “Bottles of champagne, window panes, rolls of zinc, barrels of cement, iron rails, clocks, lead shot, corrugated iron, lead, marble, salad oil bottles, ink bottles, copper wire, gin bottles, rolls of carpet, floor tiles, copper rivets, gas light fittings, pocket knives, toys, crystal chandeliers, beer mugs, cutlery, candles sticks, wick scissors, cow bells, and sauce bottles.” From this array of objects on the ocean floor emerged the humble brass cow bell. Cow bells were common to colonial agriculture and transport, used wherever animals were turned out to graze overnight and had to be rounded up again next morning. Bells were fastened around the necks of household milking cows, domestic goats, bullock teams, horse teams, and camel teams, to help find them in the pre-dawn light. Station shepherds and cattle drovers also used them to warn of any disturbances to their flocks and herds overnight. The bells were a necessary item in a largely unfenced continent. So important, that Anthony Mongon began making his pot-bells at Yackandandah from 1861, August Menneke produced the “Wagga Pot” from 1867, and Samuel Jones started manufacturing his distinctively shaped “Condamine Bell” in 1868. However, these deeply resonant Australian bells were made from iron — Mongon and Jones were blacksmiths who simply beat old pitsaw blades into shape. Few genuinely brass cow bells were made here, the vast majority being imported from Britain where the industry of brass founding was already well established. (Some bells were also imported from the United States, but these too were nearly all of iron). This bell is historically significant as typical of a cow bell used by farmers and herdsmen in Colonial Victoria. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Cow bell, brass, covered in encrustation, handle missing from the top.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime village, maritime museum, great ocean road, shipwreck artefact, loch ard, mutton bird island, glenample, eva carmichael, tom pearce, flagstaff hill divers, cow bell, horse bell, bell smith, vintage bell, farmer, shepherd, drover, stock bell, brass bell -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Kettle Cast Iron, Circa 1950
... study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle ...This kettle was used by pioneer families, mainly rural, folk that needed a constant readily available source of boiling water, in or mainly outside the homestead.. This kettle was used in the early to late 1900's for the refreshment of stock men and farmers that had irregular "tea" breaks under sometimes hard and gruelling conditions.This kettle belonged and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This kettle was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. A scientific study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This "camp draft" could take up to six weeks.This large cast iron kettle holds a capacity of three pints of water/tea. It has a flat base and mushroom shaped handle welded onto the "pot" below the rim of the pot opening. It has a rim to position the tea pot lid but no lid. It has a curved spout "welded" to the main body.Clark Qualitycamp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliance, drovers kitchen -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Gaiters Riding, Late 19th Century
These gaiters where used circa 1800's to mid 1900's, by horse riders "cattle men" to protect their shins and long trousers against wear and tear. They were used rather than having expensive boots damaged. Gaiters were a lot easier to fasten and clean than boots. They were used in the Kiewa Valley and the High Plains grazing areas.These gaiters were part of a cattleman's "out fit". The Gaiters were easily cleaned and did away with expensive riding boots. They were used throughout the valley and high plains areas both by horse riders herding cattle and the recreational rider of both sexes. After the 1950s more recreational riders from Melbourne ventured onto the high plains and not so rugged mountain slopes. Small settlements such as Mount Beauty, Bogong village and Falls Creek provided a secure backdrop for short term horse back adventures. The increasing pressure of city life provided a greater flow of stressed out city dweller to find the peace and quiet that city life does not have. Horse riding preceded the modern trail bikes and other recreational vehicles of the late 1900s. Thick leather tapered gaiters with six metal Hooks and Leather lacing through metal eyelets. All bar two eyelets have a metal reinforced punch holes. Left gaiter missing most of lacing.horse, country, leather, gaiters, high, grazing, cattlemen, laces, studs -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Tongs Blacksmith, circa mid to late 1900's
... of the Kiewa Valley. Any blacksmith work whilst grazing Cattle ...These long handled "Blacksmith" tongs were used in the late 1800's to mid 1900's by a blacksmith(or others) within the Kiewa Valley. During these times blacksmiths would regularly visit "remote" rural properties and work on any "hard to manufacture" items. A few properties had either stockmen,farm hands, or owners able to do "minor" blacksmith work. The ability to undertake blacksmith functions was sometimes "by necessity" handled by a local "jack of all trades" person. During this period however demand for rural based blacksmiths was very high. The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas.This long handled shaped nipper tongs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because it represents one of the essential mores relating to isolated rural regions as was the Kiewa Valley at this period in time (1800's to mid 1900's). This "ingrained " more was the ability to achieve anything that was required to maintain a living standard or survival in a remote grazing, mining and farming region. The remoteness was due to the small population, poor transport routes and flood prone roads winding through the lower lying flat plains of the Kiewa Valley. Any blacksmith work whilst grazing Cattle on the Bogong High Plains or any part of the Kiewa Valley, had to be done in situ. The part of the "culture" of this regions was that of "self help" either from within the family or from a friendly neighbour.Long handled blacksmith's tongs. The handles are rusted and painted orange. The nippers have one central fixing and are flat edged.tools, blacksmith, horses, trades -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Tongs Blacksmith, circa early 1900s
... blacksmith work whilst grazing Cattle on the Bogong Plains had ...These long handled "V" shaped tongs were used late 1800's to mid 1900's by a blacksmith within the Kiewa Valley. During these times blacksmiths would regularly visit "remote" rural properties and work on any "hard to manufacture" items. A few properties had either stockmen,farm hands, or owners able to do "minor" blacksmith work. The ability to undertake blacksmith functions was sometimes "by necessity" handled by a local "jack of all trades" person. During this period however demand for rural based blacksmiths was very high. The rural store, however was usually very small and many "off" the shelf rural appliances and apparatus available in the larger rural towns were not available to the semi remote rural areas.This long handled "V" shaped nipper tongs is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because it represents one of the essential mores relating to isolated rural regions as was the Kiewa Valley at this period in time. This "ingrained " more was the ability to achieve anything that was required to maintain a living standard or survival in a remote grazing, mining and farming region. The remoteness was due to the small population, poor transport routes and flood prone roads and lower flat plains of the Kiewa Valley. Any blacksmith work whilst grazing Cattle on the Bogong Plains had to be done in situ.Long handled tongs with "V" shaped ends on the nippers (used by blacksmiths)I.T.O.C.tools, blacksmith, horses, wrought iron tools -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Hammer Blacksmith, 1900's
This blacksmith's hammer was an integral tool used by cattle property "blacksmith's" for the maintenance of horse shoes and the manufacture/alterations and repair of any other metal item required by the property. Self sufficiency was the key element to the success of a cattle property especially in semi isolated rural areas(early Kiewa Valley) and the larger the property ie. stock holding the greater the need..This blacksmith's hammer would not only have been used on the cattle property of the pioneer family (the Ropers) in the earlier part of the 1900s but also up in the Bogong High Plains grazing region to maintain the constant refurbishment/maintenance of horse shoes and other metal items. Depending on each property's requirement for blacksmith's service, one from the larger property could have serviced all the valley's requirements.Large blacksmith's hammer has a handle of twisted iron encircling 19 cm. hammer head. It has a round striking end and a wedge shaped punch end.V.B. [in dots ]tools, horses, punch, blacksmiths -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Black and white photograph of farmland, Kiewa, 25/8/38, circa 1938
... . Beauty as a township. The area was still being used for grazing ...This photograph was taken in August, 1938 some eight years prior to the establishment of Mt. Beauty as a township. The area was still being used for grazing, and the land was eventually acquired from the local land owners by the State Electricity Commission. The construction of the road, from Tawonga to the High Plains, was commenced in April of this year. This allowed men and heavy equipment to be transported to the work sites for the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme This photograph is important as it shows the upper Kiewa Valley as it was before the establishment of the town of Mt. Beauty. The land has been cleared of natural growth and has been used for grazing cattle. By 1946 housing construction had commenced for the new town of Mt. Beauty and by 1948 street construction in the southern part of the town was completed as far as Hill Street.A black and white photograph of farmland with Mt. Emu in the background. This has been taken from where Mt. Beauty township now stands prior to road making and the erection of houses. A line of trees below the hill line indicates the position of the East Kiewa River. (No. 5 in a set of 8) Handwritten in black ink on the upper left corner of the photograph is the inscription 'Kiewa 25/8/38' and the number 5 has been stamped on the upper right hand corner. On the back is the word 'Velox' which is the name of the photographic paper on which the photo was developed.road construction, kiewa, tawonga, mt. beauty, secv -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Black and white photograph of farmland, Kiewa, 25/8/38, circa 1938
... of natural growth and has been used for grazing cattle. By 1946 ...This photograph was taken in August, 1938 at the time of road making in the area and some eight years prior to the establishment of Mt. Beauty township. The area was still being used for grazing, and the land was eventually acquired from the local land owners by the State Electricity Commission. The construction of the road, from Tawonga to the High Plains, was commenced in April of this year. This allowed men and heavy equipment to be transported to the work sites for the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. An important photograph as it shows the upper Kiewa Valley as it was before the establishment of the town of Mt. Beauty. The land had been cleared of natural growth and has been used for grazing cattle. By 1946 housing construction had commenced for the new town of Mt. Beauty and by 1948 street construction in the southern part of the town was completed as far as Hill Street.A black and white photograph taken in the upper Kiewa Valley showing farmland with a group of three unidentified people sitting on the grass.Handwritten in black ink is the inscription 'Kiewa 25/8/1938'. In the right corner of the photograph has been stamped the number 6. On the back in a circle, some 14mm across, are the words 'Kodak Print'. The word Velox is also printed on the back.kiewa, mt. beauty, construction, grazing, secv -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Black and white photograph of farmland, Kiewa, 25/8/38, circa 1938
... vegetation to allow grazing of cattle. grazing kiewa mt. beauty secv ...This photograph was taken in August, 1938, some eight years prior to the establishment of Mt. Beauty a a township. The area was still being used for grazing, and the land was eventually acquired from the local land owners by the State Electricity Commission. The construction of the road, from Tawonga to the High Plains, was commenced in April, 1938 and this photograph was taken August, 1938. This allowed men and heavy equipment to be transported to the work sites for the construction of the Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme. Prior to this access was by bridle trail, either on horse back or on foot. By 1946 housing construction had commenced for the new town of Mt. Beauty and by 1948 street construction in the southern part of the town was completed as far as Hill Street.This photograph is important as it shows the upper Kiewa Valley as it was before the establishment of the town of Mt. Beauty. The land has been cleared of natural vegetation to allow grazing of cattle. Black and white photograph of grazing farmland with one animal standing in the paddock. The area could possibly be where the golf course now stands with the road to the high plains not yet commenced.Handwritten in the upper left hand corner 'Kiewa 25/8/38'. The number 7 has been stamped in the upper right hand corner. It is part of a set of 8 photographs. On the back are the words Velox repeated several times, indicating the type of photographic papergrazing, kiewa, mt. beauty, secv -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Saddle Horse Stock, Circa 1950
... , especially during the period when cattle were grazed on the Bogong ...This stock horse saddle was probably used in the mid 1900's. This was the period when cattle mustering was at its prime. The movement of cattle was by mounted stock horse only and not by other methods. Northern territory cattle stations in the late 1900's started to use helicopters for "cattle control". In the KIEWA Valley/Bogong High Plains and other rural cattle producing areas required well trained stock horses and stockmen for cattle control. It is only in the later 1900's that motor bikes and four wheeled quad-bikes have taken over, in part, from the mounted stockman.This horse saddle is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because of the early introduction of cattle stations in what initially was regarded as a semi remote location. The maintenance of cattle in the Kiewa Valley is and was an important requirement. A good stock horse saddle as and is important, especially during the period when cattle were grazed on the Bogong High Plains. The mustering and and moving cattle from the valley pastures to the high country was a demanding and dangerous exercise requiring "sure footed" stock horses.The "good" saddle was a vital part of this cattle mustering. A scientific study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This "camp draft" in the High Plains could take up to six weeks.This all leather "stock horse" saddle shows plenty of wear. It is in "full harness" configaration with stirrups and leg protectors horse, country, leather, gaiters, high, grazing, cattlemen, laces, studs -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Saucepan, circa mid to late 1900's
... of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation ...This large deep pan (with a long handle) was used by pioneer families, mainly rural folk, that needed a pan which could cope with an open fire heat source, in or mainly outside the homestead. This pan was used in the early to late 1900's for the "stews" and other meals required by hard working stock men and farmers that had irregular "lunch and dinner" breaks under sometimes hard and gruelling conditions. Hot plates were normally not in use.This "open fire" saucepan belonged, and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This saucepan was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. This saucepan was one of an array of "open fire" cooking utensils used in the "camp draft" grazing in the Bogong High Plains and this could take up to six weeks. This kettle belonged and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This kettle was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. A scientific study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This large (black, soot infused) cast iron saucepan has a "ten pint" holding capacity and was used on the "open fire", possible on the fire direct. It has a long all metal handle coming from the top half of the pot and angled at approximately sixty degrees upwards. This angle insures that both distance from flame intensity and least bending of knees when lifting is at a minimum.On bottom of pan (underside) "N0. 8 JSJ SIDDONS" on the other side "WEST BROMWICH 5 QUARTS"camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliance, drovers kitchen -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Bridle Horse, circa mid to late 1900's
... the impact of grazing cattle/sheep on the natural Alpine and sub ...This stock horse bridle was probably used in the mid 1900's. This was the period when cattle and sheep mustering was at its prime. The movement of cattle and sheep was by mounted stock horse only and not by other methods. Northern territory cattle stations in the late 1900's started to use helicopters for "cattle control". In the KIEWA Valley/Bogong High Plains and other rural cattle/sheep producing areas required well trained stock horses and stockmen for cattle/sheep control. It is only in the later 1900's that motor bikes and four wheeled quad-bikes have taken over, in part, from the mounted stockman.This horse bridle is very significant to the Kiewa Valley because of the early introduction of cattle and sheep stations in what initially was regarded as a semi remote valley location. The maintenance of cattle and sheep in the Kiewa Valley was, and still is an important requirement of livestock management. A good stock horse bridle is important, especially during the period when cattle and sheep were grazed on the Bogong High Plains. The mustering and and moving cattle/sheep from the valley pastures to the high country was a demanding and dangerous exercise requiring "sure footed" stock horses.The "good specialised" bridle was a vital part of this cattle/sheep mustering. A scientific study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle/sheep on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This "camp draft" on the Bogong High Plains could take up to six weeks.This harness bridle includes "blinders, winklers or blinkers" and would therefore be used on a pack or "working" horse. This bridle has rings on each end of the browband. The bridle is one used by a horse working in a team configuration pulling a heavy cart or wagon. The bridle has ten adjustable straps to allow it to accommodate a variety of horse sizes. See KVHS 0495 for a stock horse saddle.horse, country, leather bridle, gaiters, high country grazing, cattlemen, laces, studs -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Stocks for Riding Boots, Late 1800's to early 1900's
... of the original grazing cattle families to settle there. Both cattle ...These wooden trees for riding stocks are a concept that was brought to early colonial days from "mother" England. Gentle folk of wealth and status used these trees from early 1800's to keep and maintain their riding boots in their correct form. This form of maintaining the tall riding boot structure was maintained in Australia by the rural "elite" both on cattle properties and smaller cattle stations in the early 1900's. Good riding boots were a status symbol in rural and outback Australia. The riding stocks "wooden trees" are very significant in the Kiewa Valley because they were used by members of some of the original grazing cattle families to settle there. Both cattle and sheep properties occupied large areas of the Kiewa Valley and they also herded their flock and herd on the Bogong High Plains region. These stocks and boots were worn by Fred Roper whose great grand daughter donated them to KVHS. Therefore these boots and stocks would date from 1880's to 1920's and are a good representation of the style of boots worn during this period. This pair of wooden stocks for riding boots trees has been manufactured to a very high standard. Each of the four boot tree parts fit snugly together and maintain their form, and that of the boot that they occupy. The groove channels and foot forms (tongue and groove) are exact and once snapped together become very solid. There is a brass ring, attached by a small brass "peg" on each of the thin "sliding" middle uprights. See KVHS 0177 - Riding boots.On top "L" (for left boot), "R" (for right boot)horse. country. leather. gaiters. high plains. grazing. cattlemen. laces. studs. stocks. roper family. bogong high plains. -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Tin Coffee and Chicory, circa mid to late 1900's
... and grazing cattle/sheep in rural areas. The easier access that city ...Chicory was mixed with coffee to reduce the amount of coffee bean required to be used. This coffee "substitute" was due to the repeated fluctuations in availability of coffee beans (and price fluctuations) in the USA in the late 1800s and early 1900s resulting in the search for substitutes and additives to bulk out the available supplies. This was especially so during times of the major World Wars. Chicory was an excellent choice of fillers as it did not greatly influence the strong coffee bean taste. The first choice in USA households was coffee not tea and the influence of the American servicemen's thirst for coffee was a major thrust into the Australian "colonial" preference for a "cuppa" tea. Rural areas took longer to acquire a coffee "break" but with more and more subliminal advertising through "American" films the rural regions developed a growing preference for coffee, however the tea break alias "smoko" has lingered on.This coffee and chicory blend tin container is very significant to the Kiewa Valley in that it demonstrates that even in rural regions of Australia tastes and drinking preferences have changed by subliminal advertising as time goes by. The American "influence" whether by the "invasion" of friendly troops during the major wars or the avalanche of "American films" has altered some of the "dinky-di" Australian "true blue" tastes and mores. The availability of "straight " coffee supplies to rural areas was also in proportion to the level of all weather transport routes. In the late 1800's and early 1900's road freight had to contend with dirt roads, flooded roads, bush fires and grazing cattle/sheep in rural areas. The easier access that city households had with regard to replenishment of food and drink products, up until the mid 1900's, was severely retarded in rural areas. This extensively rusted tin of "Bushells Blue Label" Coffee and Chicory has an octagonal shaped body with a "push/pull" lid(tin).Three sides has reproduced painted ladies in "Roman dress" ladies picking the coffee beans. There is no reproduction of any chicory roots. There are two "Indian dressed" field workers(pickers) with turban head dress. On one side of the tin is "directions of use, net weight and manufacturer details."Bushells Coffee & Chicory", "NET 1-Ib. weight", " No. 144" "Under the Pure Food Act N.S.W. 1938" "by Bushells Ltd. No 144"chicory / coffee drinks, tin hydrated drink, rural food and drink consumption patterns, tinned food and drink