Designed to create an impression on paper, the stylus allows users to create Braille through the applied use of pressure that creates a depression on one size of the paper and a raised dot on the alternative side. Used in combination with a slate to guide placement, this was the primary source of Braille books in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century before Braille typewriters were commonly used. In this example the handle is made of boxwood (according to the RNIB Illustrated Catalogue of Apparatus and Games, 1968), and is the standard model.1 wooden stylus with metal tipbraille equipment, royal victorian institute for the blind

The Kew Historical Society collection includes almost 100 subdivision plans pertaining to suburbs of the City of Melbourne. Most of these are of Kew, Kew East or Studley Park, although a smaller number are plans of Camberwell, Deepdene, Balwyn and Hawthorn. It is believed that the majority of the plans were gifted to the Society by persons connected with the real estate firm - J. R. Mathers and McMillan, 136 Cotham Road, Kew. The Plans in the collection are rarely in pristine form, being working plans on which the agent would write notes and record lots sold and the prices of these. The subdivision plans are historically significant examples of the growth of urban Melbourne from the beginning of the 20th Century up until the 1980s. A number of the plans are double-sided and often include a photograph on the reverse. A number of the latter are by noted photographers such as J.E. Barnes.The so-called Camberwell Mountain View Estate was a subdivision on ‘the corner [of] Burke Road, Eyre and Wills Streets, Deepdene’. The Estate was not the first attempt to subdivide this land holding. In 1884, 1888 and 1894 the Belmore Park subdivision proposed 18 allotments for this parcel of land. The final stages of the Belmore Park subdivision occurred during the Depression of the 1890s. Apart from perhaps one block facing Burke Road, which is unnumbered in the Mountain View Estate subdivision, the rest must have remained unsold. The later subdivision would redraw the original 18 allotments, creating 22 new lots. In the Locality Plan on the left side of the subdivision plan, Deepdene Station, which formed part of the Outer Circle Railway is represented, as is the location of Deepdene Primary School. A selling point was the proposed extension of the Burke Road tram beyond its terminus at Cotham Road. The extension did not eventuate.subdivision plans - camberwell, mountain view estate

During the Great Depression from 1929 to 1932, rabbit trapping was a means of survival for many people. Rabbits provided meat and pelts which were sold for making felt hats such as the Akubra. Rabbit populations are controlled in the 21st century by poisoning, destroying or 'ripping' burrows (warrens), biological control with rabbit haemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, and by shooting. Rabbit-proof fences also prevent the spread of rabbits into some areas. (ref. Powerhouse Museum) This trap was used in the Orbost district. Steel-jawed rabbit traps were widely used in urban and rural Australia from 1880 to 1980. This trap is symbolic of the battle that Australians have waged against burgeoning rabbit populations for over a century. Rabbits cause enormous damage to Australian soils and biodiversity. The introduction of rabbits to this country was an environmental disaster.A rusted iron rabbit trap which consists of a pair of jaws held closed by spring tension and a triggering mechanism. When the trap is triggered the jaws close over the top of the bridge, plate and tongue mechanism that is designed to trigger the trap. A chain is attached by a hook on the bent end of the trap's spring with a long steel spike looped over the last link of the other end of the chain. The trap is designed so that the metal jaws snap shut against each other when the trap is activated by the application of weight to the pressure plate. In use, traps are set with open jaws, buried lightly just below the surface of the earth. When an animal steps on the pressure plate, the jagged teeth of the jaws snap around the animal's leg, usually breaking bone and sinew. Thus the animal is immobilised. rabbit-trap rural

Bendigo Teacher's College, along with the Ballarat Teacher's College were the first non-metropolitan teacher colleges. The Bendigo College was established in 1926 and operated out of the Long Gully Primary School. DUring the depression, from 1930 to 1945 the college closed because of the economic climate. The college reopened in 1945 in temporary accommodation adjacent to the Camp Hill Primary School. In 1959 the college moved into purpose built premises in Osbourne St., Flora Hill where it remained until closing in 1973."Pheonix Celebrites for 1956". Photographs of teachers attending the Bendigo Teacher's College in 1956, some loose photographs. Blue light card cover showing some foxing, pages stapled. Fifteen photographs of teacher's groups attending the B.T.C. in 1956photographs of student teachers, list of attendee student teachers at b.t.c. in 1956

Commercially made quilt, c.1930s. Maker unknown, found in Ballarat. The Country Women's Association of Victoria had been active during the Depression in promoting the use of wool in domestic items and handcrafts in its "Handcrafts and Home Industries Committee". In 1933 during "Wool Week", a train jointly sponsored by the Wool Board, toured the state demonstrating amongst other crafts, the making of wool quilts and mattresses. Commercially made quilts much like this one marketed as 'Kosy Quilts', were used in these demonstrations.Quilt, plain light blue cotton cover with lambs wool filler. Machine sewn. Evidence of a label can be seen at one corner, however it has been removed.quilting history, textile mills, running stitch group, running stitch collection, ballarat, quilting - history

Notices to cable tram employees and signalmen about the operation of the intersection of Collins and Swanston Street c1921. Details how Police would signal for the number of trams to cross in either direction and how the signalman would operate the signals and the cable depression lever for Collins St cable cars. The Rules for signalmen dated 1/7/1921 and signed by J G Roberts, Manager Cable system for the MMTB. This intersection was one of the busiest in Melbourne running four separate routes in Collins St and the busy St Kilda Road route.Yields information about the cable tram operation of Swanston and Collins St and signalmen.Two foolscap photocopied sheets, stapled in top left hand corner.tramways, cable trams, swanston st, collins st, signalmen, police

Donation made on behalf of Surrey Hills Primary School. A second lesser copy was donated at a much earlier date.A 59 page informal history of Surrey Hills State School, No 2778. To quote the authors: "we have not used footnotes, nor a bibliography; and we have used reminiscence without always ensuring that facts and dates are strictly accurate." The book is richly illustrated with photos, excerpts of student work and other ephemera. It is not indexed. Headings are: Beginnings, The Cadet Corps, Head Teacher Bennett, School Days 1900-1925, War Time & Beyond, The Mothers' Club, Childhood Illness, School Days in '30s, Expansion, PWD Problems, Depression and Wartime, Post War Crowding, memories, Mr Wheeler, Migrants, Royal Tours, Pedestrian Crossings, The Canteen, Craft Room, Sports Days, Acquisition of Mr Prior's House, Parents Right to Know, Social Service, School Committee, Concerts & Balls, Mothers' Club to Parents' Club, Library, More PWD Problems, Changes, Camps, Recent Principals. This copy includes a copy of the Centenary Weekend Programme which has been stuck inside the front cover.wekworth, - (miss), reardon, edith, lauchlan, thelma, grant, mavis, higgins, nancy, kellan, coster, joyce, parker, marjorie, dyson, joy, sutton, phyllis, cadmar, gwennyth, mclaughlin, maurine, wendorf, winifred, broadbent, doreen, hawes, hilda, powell, crocker, beatrix, triggs, dorothy, peers, ker, pryde, norma, clemson, kathleen, owen, doris, glasscock, elaine, lovering, w b (mr), dyer, e a (mr), gamble, william, brown, j k (mr), raw, whitfield t, doyle, annie, st stephens presbyterian church, cadets, bennett, george t, brigadier general gordon, cottingham, r v (mr), day, george, greaves, arthur, servan, alice, renkin, anne, lutheran peace memorial home, gourlay, education, schools, doney, - (mr), collins, fyfe, alexander, fire brigades, maypoles, duck, lorraine, hendy, ives, alfred, reaburn, john, walduck, gwyneth, world war, 1914-1918, breeden, horace, horrie, wise, amy (miss), blogg, john kendrick, newington, lily (miss), parents clubs, brookes, - (mrs), lancashire, deans, johnson, herbert, -(mrs), travancore, jamieson, welch, mcdonald, harley, mclean, jack, rex theatre, surrey hills progress association, gamer, ernest, southall, ivan, influenza, barbara, ross, poliomyelitis, scott, moroney, daniel, thwaites, jean, constable, oswell, frank, large, gifford, a e (rev), gillies, j (rev), buxton, porter, jill, morgan, jan, 1939-1945, williamson, joan, cargill, jackson, van ernst, cooke, tyrell's milkbar, plaw, graeme, dairies, chenu, a h, rutzou, peter, bowie, heymann, megan, wilson, ritter, alan, martyn, dawson, l (mrs), mcgregor, d (mrs), e (mrs), fiedler, wheeler, lewis, marsh, rhyll, slater, games, gangell, pam, barrow, ford, henry, mcewan, marion, conlon, kathy, canterbury recreation reserve, surrey park, chatham oval, mooney, neil, kitson, surrey dive, monk, kay, saldineri, macqueen, lyndy, thomson, daley, susan, discombe, diane, hanson, robert, mulvey, albers, angela, tucker, david, glover, bright, lynette, mcinnes, jeanette, nethercott, turnball, eric, smith, roberts, chasemore, lyle, chislett, miss, capon program, k n (mr), fuller, i d (mr), henwood, j w (mr), g (mr), veitch, g (mrs), m (mrs), cheetham, j (mr), gardner, l (mr), d (mr), sepitka, lorna, balfe, win, wells, bob, keith, ian, kett, mr, elizabeth, liney, bruce, macarthur, rob, kelly, paula, neil b, sydenham, shirley, dixon, o'hagan, ros, van someren, fred, norman, burns, roberta, harry, christine, barker, henry j t, nutt, ernest h, richards, benjamin, lievesley, john h, knight, gabriel, clough, john s, hepburn, james, tinney, arthur h, blanchen, bernard j, somerwell, elizabeth j, john t, john m, caldicott, howard t

Headline Moments of the Past The Advertiser, Friday July 3, 2009 History - Events That Shaped Bendigo 32 Page Supplement. Newspaper supplement includes images and articles as diverse as the construction of Alexander Fountain in 1881, The Great Depression 1930s, End of World War II 1945, CBD Floods 1949, Queen Elizabeth's Visit 1954, Olympic Games (Melb) and first television in Bendigo 1956, Bendigo farewells local champion horse 1958, Demolition of verandahs on local buildings 1960s, opening of Eppalock 1964, The Vietnam War 1965-1975, The new dragon Sun Loong 1970, The last tram run and Faraday kidnapping 1972, opening of Sacred Heart Cathedral 1977, opening of Hargreaves Mall 1982, Killians Walk Fire and Gaol Siege 1987, Local government Amalgamation 1993, Opening of Marketplace and Discovery Centre 1995, Restoration of Rosalind Park Cascades 1997, Bendigo Tornado 2003. This publication has not been scanned.bendigo, history, bendigo advertiser, alexander fountain construction 1881, bendigo cbd floods 1949, dmolitition of bendigo building verandahs 1960s, last tram run 1972, killians walk fire 1987, bendigo tornado 2003

Designed to create an impression on paper, the stylus allows users to create Braille through the applied use of pressure that creates a depression on one size of the paper and a raised dot on the alternative side. Used in combination with a slate to guide placement, this was the primary source of Braille books in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century before Braille typewriters were commonly used. In this example the handle is made of Vulcanite (according to the RNIB Illustrated Catalogue of Apparatus and Games, 1968), and the metal tip can be shielded by rotating the rounded section near the tip, which loosens and drops down.1 stylus with metal tipbraille equipment, royal victorian institute for the blind

This is a booklet written by Jack Rooke about his life. Born in 1910 Jack Rooke faced early the challenges of living in the bush in the Camperdown and Panmure areas. He describes the difficulties of the small farmer and the tough living conditions. He also records the struggle to survive during the Depression years in the 1930s and his heartache after his farm was burnt out in the Ash Wednesday fires. Rooke’s story mirrors that of many settlers in the Western District in the early to mid 20th century and so he has produced an important social history in a simple but compelling manner. This booklet is of considerable importance as it gives the details of the life of one person facing the challenges of living in the bush in the district around Warrnambool in the 20th century. It is a simple but great social history that should be read by the younger generation today.This is a soft cover book of 40 pages. It has been self-published and home-produced with a buff-coloured cover and a plastic overlay. The cover has a black and white illustration. The pages contain some sketches and black and white photographs. early 20th century settlement in the warrnambool district, history of warrnambool

Set of 3 MTOCo cable tram equipment specifications: 1 - Contract No. 8 - sheave pulleys, crown pulleys, curve pulleys, depression frames, manhole covers, and manhole frames 2 - Contract No. 9 - for 13500 casks of cement - imported from Europe, including storage, tensile strength, and timing of deliveries. 3 - Contract No. 11 - similar to 1 - (11 has been typed over the 8) - details the items, referenced drawings, signed by Geo S Duncan as Engineer. Includes Schedule and Tender forms. Undated, though does have a dated of "188_".Yields information about the style of the specifications issued by the MTOCo during the 1880s for the supply of materials.Set of 3 documents printed on foolscap sheets.tramways, cable trams, specification, track work, tenders, tender documents

Fowler's Vacola preserving jars have a rich history, beginning in 1915 with Joseph Fowler in Melbourne, Australia. Inspired by his uncle's fruit-preserving business in England, Fowler developed a method for home bottling and preserving food, which became particularly popular during the Depression era. The system relies on heating contents to a specific temperature (92°C) for a set time (one hour) to achieve a sterile and sealed product. Fowler's Vacola is still a popular method for preserving food today, and the company continues to manufacture preserving kits and accessories. Five mixed Fowler's clear glass preserving or storage jars with no lids. They have embossed Fowler's branding on them. 1 tall 'No 40' jar with a long neck. 2 'No 28' jars. 1 'Fowler's Patent Vacola No 45 Home Preserving Jar'. 1 'Fowler's Patent Vacola No 15 Home Preserving Jar'.'No 40' 'No 28' 'Fowler's Patent Vacola No 45 Home Preserving Jar' 'Fowler's Patent Vacola No 15 Home Preserving Jar'.food preserving jars, food storage containers, containers

The dairy farm of Eric Lemke and family was located on the Wodonga flats on the Murray River flood plain, west of the Union Bridge. The property was named "Waterford". They ran a large dairy herd (250 cows) and ran five milk carts to Albury to service their customers. The family bought a second property at Wodonga West, on Felltimber Creek, where herds could be rested before calving, and also as an emergency location for milking during times of flood, which sometimes lasted for several weeks at a time. At other times when the cows finished their lactation period at "Waterford" they would be walked to the Lemke property at Wodonga West, for a rest before calving. When the calves were drafted it was a matter of gathering the cows and calves and walking them back home which was an all day job. During the Depression Mr. Lemke took milk to the out-of-work men who slept under the bridges on the causeway and Mrs Lemke would make bread for them. The men would often work on the farm without wages in return for the Lemke's kindness. The Lemke Family are ranked amongst the top early settlers of the district for their perseverance during the hardships of the early days and during the Great Depression. Lemke Road on Gateway Island, Wodonga is named in their honour.This item has local significance because it came from a prominent Wodonga family business.A small metal tag used to label dairy cans on the property of Eric Lemke.E. LEMKE WODONGAe. lemke wodonga, lemke family, wodonga dairy industry, ernie lemke

Fabric sample book produced by Ernest Waddington with specifications circa 1930. Such a book would work as a catalogue of a designer’s previous Mastercards. Mastercards are specification sheets that are sent to mills in order to produce commercial amounts of fabrics for tailoring into final products, such as suits. Keeping a catalogue of previous designs is useful for designers to take inspiration from in future designs and for re-releases of iconic designs. This sample book is also notable because of its period of creation. It was created in the Great Depression. Despite societies psyche at this time, there is a surprising amount of colour and what may be viewed as daring designs. Fabric sample book produced by E Waddington with specifications.E. Waddingtonweaving textile design textile mills textile mills, waddington, mr ernest, weaving, textile design, textile mills

1. The first Apex Club was formed in Geelong in 1931 as a service club responding to conditions during the depression. It was soon followed by a club in Ballarat and then in Bendigo. It is aimed at 18-35 year olds and has the motto "Service, Citizenship and Fellowship" 2. Ron Barker(1913-23/6/1997) married Verna Clarke in 1948 3. Laurence William Pocock (1913 - 27/6/1989) married Mena Irene Bailie in 1941 4. Austin Gant (1917-1988) was a dentist who served as a Captain in the AIF Dental corps during WW2. He married Clarice Bryce in 1939.Black and white photograph of six men in white aprons cooking a barbecue. The date is unknown. Part of the Barker's family collection.On the back: the warmest job in Bgo today. Apexians cook the grill and hamburgers. Apex Club Bendigo L -R: Ron Barker, Laurie Pocock, maybe Austin Gart.apex club, bendigo, bbq

The Hoffman company was established in 1870 to mass-produce bricks using the Hoffman patent kiln and the Bradley and Craven brick press. Once established the company entered a period of expansion aided by Melbourne's building boom from 1870 to 1890. During this time approximately ten brick machines were in operation producing some 18,000 bricks per hour. An extensive pottery works were established initially supplying mainly tiles and drainpipes and later domestic pottery such as the company's Melrose ware. The company even had its locomotive shunt the works siding which connected with the Victorian Railways at South Brunswick. By 1890 Hoffman was the largest brick and pottery works in Victoria, however, the 1890s depression halted company expansion. The company joined the Brick Co-operative when it was formed in 1896. The cooperative regulated prices and output from member brickworks. As the depression ended business picked up and the works were expanded to increase the production of stoneware pottery, especially domestic wares. The brickworks, however, never recovered the momentum of the early period. During the 1920s and 1930s, the works gradually ran down, and following the Second World War, production reached an all-time low. The No.1 works were stripped and sold. (For further information regards Hoffman Kilns see note section of this document.) An item made in Melbourne by at the time the largest pottery works in Australia making industrial and domestic wares for the home and building industries. Stoneware Demijohn jug with cream and brown glaze. Printed around base of jug, MELBOURNE, 1929"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, jug, melbourne, 1929, stoneware jug, hoffman potteries

This ledger contains entries which pertain to sick pay and funeral expenses. Many of the entries are prefaced by Bro and a loose slip of paper in the ledger has The Ancient Order of Foresters, Warrnambool United District. The United Warrnambool District of the Ancient Order of Foresters was formed around 1869. It was changed to the Court Warrnambool No. 4126 at a later date. The Ancient order of Foresters was established in Leeds in England in the mid 1700’s to provide financial and support to its members in times of illness, unemployment, disability and old age. They were particularly active in the lives of members around the time of both world wars and during the depression in the 1930’s. The entries in this journal contain the names of many early people of the area as well as detailed financial records of an early friendly society. It has historical significance and social significance for the district. It also provides an insight into the workings of society in the 19th centuryBrown leather hard cover with gold lettering on red background on spine of ledger.227 pages.Cash Bookwarrnambool, ancient order of forresters, ancient order of forresters warrnambool

Brenda Smith's parents lived throuh two World Wars and the Depression. As an adult migrant arriving in Australia from England in 1970, when she looked back she realised her family spoke very little about what they had endured and she was not even aware of them going through the Spanish Flu pandemic. Smith has written a diary since 2009 and as a consquence of her family's earlier experiences with similar but lack of documentation and stories passed on, was determined to chronicle her experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic covering 2020-2021. This pandemic continues unabated in its third year (2022). The journal documents the daily life of living through the COVID-19 pandemic and the influences it had uopon the local community from both locally and interantionallycovid-19, coronavirus pandemic, journal, person, personal narrative

This tin which once contained coffee with chicory was purchased in a period when the importation of coffee beans into Australia was quite expensive and to counter that local distributors of coffee mixed it with Chicory, a blended coffee, flavoured slightly milder depending on the amount of coffee(percentage) per serve. This provided a cheaper cup of "coffee" drink. This mixture was a spin off from the 1930's Great Depression and the naval blockages of World War II (imports from India and other regional coffee growers) and the scarcity of secure ship supplies. As supplies became more secure "pure" coffee as a drink became available at reasonable costs. This "insignificant" coffee/chicory tin is very significant as it demonstrates that the Kiewa Valley was becoming more accessible to reliable coffee supplies and general food items.This was brought about through reliable roads and an ever increasing population The need for travelling supply caravans to the area, and with the establishment of grocery stores in Tawonga and Mount Beauty the supply of previously "hard to get" groceries vanished. This transition was precipitated by the SEC Vic Hydro Scheme of the 1940's to 1960's which increased the valley population two fold.This container of McKenzie's Coffee and Chicory is made from pressed steel and has a tight fitting lid (steel with a protruding lip to allow finger pressured removal). The tin has one pressed seem (holding the cylinder together). The backdrop of the outside of the tin is "grained" brown painted with dark brown (worn) lettering and central between McKenzie's/Coffee is a figure of an eagle with its wings outstretched. All the letters and figure have been embossed into the tin surface. The weighted contents are listed at a capacity of 1Ib Net.On one side (front) "McKenzie's Coffee and Chicory 1lb Net". On the other side "COFFEE & CHICORY" underneath "Guaranteed under the Victorian Pure Food Act 1905" "No. 1000 guaranteed under the Pure Food Act 1908, N.S.W. by Jas F. McKenzie & Co. Pty Ltd., No. 1000." "No 22 Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act 1910 by Jas F. McKenzie Pty. Ltd No. 22 (Tasmania)." Further "No. 1000 Guaranteed under the Health Acts by Jas. F McKenzie & Co. Pty Ltd No. 1000 (Queensland) "Containing not less than 50 percent of coffee." And at the bottom Jas.F. McKENZIE & Co. Pty Ltd Melbourne and Sydney"tin food/drink mild steel containers, food/drink storage containers

Private Louis (Joe) Murdoch Murray, 8th Light Horse Regiment, WW1. Joe enlisted 15/01/1915 and embarked for overseas on 07/05/1915. He served at Gallipoli and in France where he was badly wounded at the battle of Ypres in 1917. After returning from the war he took up farming on land donated to him by the Austin family. However, he never fully recovered either physically or mentally from his war service and lost his farm in the Depression. He spent his final years in an Old Soldiers Home in Frankston. He is buried in Melbourne.murray, 8th light horse regiment, ww1, gallipoli, ypres, austin, old soldiers home - frankston, melbourne.

Biography of Thomas Carr (1839-1917), Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne. 495 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.non-fictionthomas carr, catholic church - melbourne - victoria - bishops - biographies

A series of talks held October - December 2005 at the Eltham Living and Learning Centre which allowed Nillumbik Historical Societies to record the verbal history of the area with some of the well known residents of Nillumbik and surrounds Recorded and edited by Marie Ryan of Plenty Valley FM Speaker: Neisha Forbes 15th November 2005 This session covers the early settlement of Plenty. Learn about the mills situated on the Plenty River from the 1840s. Early industry such as fruit growing, poultry farming, goldmining, rabbit skinning and how they contributed to the development and employment of the area and in the case of rabbit skinning the development of other industries in Victoria during the Depressionvideo recording

Stalag 344 was a German POW camp near Lambsdorf in Silesia. Douglas GRANT VX8604 enlisted in the 2nd AIF on 23.11.1939 age 33 years 7 months. Posted to the 2/8th Bn on 5.12.1939, embarked for the Middle East on 14.4.1940, disembarked 18.5.1940, embarked for Greece 31.3.1941, reported missing Crete date unknown, officially reported POW 27.10.1941 Stalag V11A. He was also in Stalag 8B before Stalag 344. He arrived in the U.K on 8.5.1945, embarked for Australia 30.5.1945 arriving 7.7.1945. He was hospitalised with Depression and Anxiety State and classed Medically unfit and was discharged from the Army on 13.5.1946. Refer also Cat No 1092P.German post card letter with heading at the top: Kriegsgelangenenpost. The letter folds in 3, the front printed with space for address to, the rear same for the sender. Inside are ruled lines for a letter. A letter in pencil dated Mar 10th and signed by Doug. A small section of the start is missing. A sticker in red states: Opened by Censor.documents - letters, military history - army, pow, grant

This Christian Bible by Professor James Moffatt from the United Free Church College in Glasglow Scotland was at a time when translated Christian bibles(Greek to English) were being review as to the accuracy of their translated words. This period was in the early 1900's specifically during and between the two major World Wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45 and also covering the Great Depression(1939). All these periods were ones of death, destruction and "loss of faith". Bibles which provided greater clarity of better times ahead flourished. This book offered its readers hope for the future (in terrible times). The regions that it covered were those who belonged to the Christian Faith. The significance of this bible to the Kiewa Valley is that it provides an insight of those Christians living in a semi remote rural region at the period in Australian history where forces outside of this area were placing hardships which were "foreign" to them, as a family and as a community. The major Christian religions within the Kiewa Valley were either of the Catholic or English Protestant teachings. These groups still remain the dominant ones well into the 2nd Millennium. Spiritual relief to overcome harsh rural setbacks is not just specific to the Australian rural sector but is also global. With the influx of migrant workers from the war torn European nations (after WWII) a broader coverage of Christian and other faiths developed. A "positive" saying, when crops failed and bush fires and river floods sprang up, rallied the faithful "with God's help" This hard covered bible consists of six pages of preamble including title, publishing details, printer and author's preface. The book has 388 pages of black print. Relevant reference lines are notated by numbers on the left side of the page. On the front dust cover is a cream silhouette against a light blue backdrop highlighting a smoking "Aladdin's" Arabic oil lamp on a cenotaph. The hard cover has a embossed emblem of a lantern with a plume of smoke rising from the spout. This is all encapsulated by a circle. The spine also has this emblem. On the dust jacket, front "THE MOFFATT NEW TESTAMENT", and the back cover has blue writing on a cream background. On the spine, at the top "JAMES MOFFATT" below this a white on blue silhouette of "Alalddin's lamp" below this is (in blue letters against a light blue background " THE NEW TESTAMENT A NEW TRANSLATION" On inside cover a signature "Clare Roper". The hard cover has marked in red print "THE NEW TESTAMENT ANEW TRANSLATION MOFFAT" christian bible, prayer, new testament, religion, faith.

"The bonfire at Beckett Park was the culmination of the EMPIRE DAY/CELEBRATIONS in Surrey Hills in 1935 and 1936. In 1937 vandals lit the fire prematurely but residents hastily rebuilt it - about / 100 tons including old tyres. A volunteer fire-watcher had his caravan close by until lights-up time on Saturday night. / Courtesy Ian Barkla. / see 180 (handwritten on backing board)." / "BONFIRE BUILDING at BECKETT PARK/EMPIRE DAY CELEBRATIONS IN 1930s/ The celebrations were centred on the/ shopping centres in Surrey Hills and/Mont Albert to boost local business (and/ the spirits of residents) after the Depression./ - from a glass negative - Mr Ian Barkla."Image depicting the building of a large bonfire made primarily from rubber tyres, supported by a wooden frame c1937/8. There is a significant crowd of people watching the erection of the pyre from ground level. Several members of the crowd are seated or holding bicycles. There are multiple persons situated on the pyre or on a ladder propped up against the mound of tyres. The area containing the pyre has been fenced off with rope (?). A white coloured caravan in situated to the right (facing) of the bonfire in close proximity to a dark coloured car. Two stone towers and a park bench are also visible in the image.Black and white, W 25.3 cm x H 20.3 cm, landscapeparks and reserves, beckett park, balwyn, bicycles, crowds, empire day, depression 1929-1939, economic depression, frank leslie barkla, bonfires

Tin Hat Day was established in 1922 after the end of WWI. It raised funds to benefit returned soldiers who had fallen on hard times after the war and during the Great Depression. It continued on during WW2 and into the 1950s. This badge is c1940. The tin hat badge was modelled on the British steel combat helmet known as the Brodie helmet, designed and patented in London in 1915 by John Leopold Brodie. Colloquially, it had many names including the shrapnel helmet, battle bowler, Tommy helmet, tin hat, dishpan hat, tin pan hat, washbasin, and in the United States the doughboy helmet. The German Army called it the Salatschüssel (salad bowl).Tin Hat Day was a significant annual event over several decades. Badges such as are not rare; they were sold in large numbers but as ephemeral items relatively few of those sold were retained.A round metal badge with a domed centre, mimicking a stylised tin hat. Red with black inscription. It has a tab on the upper centre edge. This would have enabled it to be pinned through a buttonhole or similar.Centre: MY / TRIBUTE / TO THE/ FIGHTING / FORCES Around the rim: TIN HAT APPEAL / RSL WAR SERVICE FUNDworld war 2, fundraising, commemorative badge, badge, tin hat badge