This photograph appears to be taken from a hill. While Main Road and Monbulk Road are both in Monbulk, the reference to Madigan's abattoir indicates that the annotations are more likely to be referring to Main Street and Emerald-Monbulk Road in Emerald. It's difficult to determine whether the annotation means it is taken from Main Street or looking down to Main Street, but the absence of buildings in this relatively recent photograph indicate that it is likely the former. It could have been taken from Main Street, looking down at Madigan Way and the undeveloped land behind it. However, it is difficult to confidently assess any of this information, as it is to determine when this picture was taken.The photograph likely captures a unique perspective on an area of Emerald that has since been transformed by time.A black and white picture printed on glossy photograph paper. The photograph is taken from atop a grassy hill, looking down at a plowed field with occasional trees. Behind the field is a road with fences on either side, continuing across the view from left to right. Behind the road are pastures with scattered animals (two horses or cows, possibly several sheep) leading in to a line of trees in the central background. On the left side a hill rises on the horizon, while on the right are several buildings with higher hills or mountains rising in the far background. On the right, handwritten text in blue pen accompanies an arrow pointing to a roadway - 'Monbulk Rd'. The reverse features more writing, both in blue pen and in pencil. The extreme left side of the object is discoloured by yellow tape.Obverse, Pen: "MONBULK RD" Reverse, Pencil: "Lefthand side where trees situated / Madigan's abattoir." Reverse, Pen: "Main Rd / looking towards / the Dandenongs / Nth WEST"emerald

The Yakka factory was formerly situated in Barkly Street, Sunbury. Taken from information written on the back of the original photograph.This is a copy of a b/w photograph of three women, identified as Dol. Madigan, her son, Leon, Mrs Claude Boardman and Marjorie Dunn taking a rest break at the Yakka factory. Unmounted.yakka overalls, yakka, madigan, dol, leon, boardman, claude (mrs), dunn, marjorie, clothing industry, factories, george evans collection

Photo of Madigan house. Patrick Madigan built this house shortly after his arrival from Lysterfield in 1878. It replaced an earlier one-roomed hut. The house survived into the early 2000s when it was destroyed in a fire.

This is a copy of a b/w photograph of two women and a man identified as Mrs Dol. Madigan, Mr Laidlaw and Mrs Ferguson at Yakkas. It appears to be some celebration because of the dress and jewellery worn by the women. Mrs Laidlaw was management. Taken from written information on the back of the original photograph.yakka overalls, yakka, madigan, dol, laidlaw, - (mr), ferguson, - (mrs), factories, clothing industry, george evans collection

Photo shows a middle-aged woman standing near a low hedge. She is wearing a suit and an open-necked blouse and she is smiling. She is Catherine Currie nee Madigan, daughter of Patrick and Margaret Madigan of Menzies Creek..

The Studio Portrait shows a older woman looking to the left of camera. She is wearing a cardigan over a pale top with a cameo brooch pinned to it. Her grey hair is tied back. She is wearing wire-framed glasses. Message on the back of postcard says “Grey Hair. Blue Eyes. Bust (crossed out). If possible to be done without glasses. Please let me know in letter when it will be delivered. Address (obscured) Madigan c/- Mrs H. Currie, 11 Princess St, Seddon.” The woman is Margaret Madigan, nee Brady, wife of Patrick Madigan The couple lived at Menzies Creek.

A brief history of the National Gallery of Australia, including the design competition, designs, location, collaboration of the chosen architect (Colin Madigan of Edwards, Madigan and Torzillo) with the gallery director, James Sweeney, approval by relevant statutory bodies, and the political upheaval that stalled progress.Original manuscript of an article published as ‘What’s become of our new gallery?' in "The Sunday Australian", 11.04.1971.Typewritten, (p/copy), quarto, 9 pagesnational gallery of australia, colin madigan, edwards, madigan and torzillo, james sweeney, art gallery design, canberra, robin boyd, manuscript

Captain Maddigan and his family were at Camp 4.Black and white photograph of Captain Maddigan, peak cap, kneeling with his 5 year old daughter standing, straddled across his left leg. Behind is a bushy tree and the Australian flag. 2/3 in the photograph an Army hut, right of picture, with hedge and a man behind Captain Maddigan.madigan, captain, 1944, camp 4 garrison

The building in the foreground of the image is likely Robert Couper's - Emerald's first butchery which was established in approximately 1900 and later owned by the Madigan family. It was located near the corner of what are now Main Street and Monbulk Road, near today's Madigan Way. If the butchery in the photograph - which was likely taken in the first decade of the twentieth century - is indeed Couper's, this photo is likely looking down Main Street from the intersection with Monbulk Road. These copies were made in 2006.This photograph captures an earlier phase of Emerald's development, not long after the opening of the first Butchery and long before the town had sealed roads.This item includes photographs a, b, and c. The printed black and white photographs depicts an unsealed road, following the centre of the image before curving right over a hill and out of sight. In the background, four wooden structures are present beside the road on the left. In the foreground on the right, another wooden building with a chimney and a metal verandah and roof stands a distance back from the road. In a and c - identical photographs - two distant figures - likely women - stand under the verandah. In b - a slightly different phootgraph from the same angle - a horse and cart is in front of the building with several individuals. Behind the house on the right, trees with sparse leaves rise into the sky, nearly reaching the top of the frame. In the far background on the left, a wooded hill rises above the row of buildings. a is very blurry and a significantly lower quality copy than b or c.a, b, and c Obverse: "Emerald Township" b Obverse, Printed: "COPIES MAY BE PURCHASED FROM TH" b and c Obverse, in-photo sign (unclear in a): "BUTCHERS" a Reverse: "10 27 EMEF24~1.JPG 5 16.12.06 18.12.06" b Reverse: "J9505398 4/6 00000004.jpg / JOB3819505398 Emerald Old Emerald 2 adjt" c Reverse: "J9505398 1/6 00000001.jpg / JOB3819505398 Emerald early 1.jpg Kevin+"emerald, 1900s

A photograph of students from Menzies Creek State School, 1951, with their teacher, Mr Leslie Cornthwait and his wife. Includes: -Ray Kidd, Sam Frazetto, Albert Croese, Edward Croese, Geoff Johns, Michael King, - Mr Leslie Cornthwarte (Head Teacher), Moina Worrell, Pauline Edwards, Dot Madigan, Jill King, Betty Anderson, Carol King, Pat Billing, Jean Gibbs, Mrs Cornthwaite, - Malcolm Johns, John Wallace, Rodney Haig, Lennie Beauchamp, Barry Johns, George Frazetto, Graeme Martin, Brian Madigan, -?, Susan Robertson, Elaine Martin, Betty Glossop, Dorothy Johns, Jacky Glossop, John Haig, and John Hermon

Formally Main Road, Emerald; now called Emerald Gembrook Road. Depicts 7 buildings, 6 identified as follows from right to left: Abbatoir, Cooper's Butcher, Andrew's General Store, Madigan's Bakery, Archilbald & Moffatt Grocery and Bakery, Walter's Barber Store1909 photograph of the commercial district in Emerald, Faded sepia postcard depicting Emerald Main Street, Commercial District (1909)Front: Emerald Victoria Handwritten on Back: Dec. 1909 (pencil); 'Wishing you the compliments of the season, hoping you will drive over some day and see how we are getting on. From RJ....? Emerald. To: Rev'd Whiteside, Beaconsfield Railway Station. Vicemerald, commercial district

Photo of the Madigan potato crop in a paddock below their home. The photo is taken from School Rd, looking east across the valley in the direction of Menzies Creek station. On the left is the ridge where Black Hill Rd is and on the right the ground slopes up towards the school after School Rd makes a right-angled turn. Beyond the peas are a cluster of trees, the lowest of which are blue gums.

This particular thoroughfare connecting Belgrave-Gembrook Road and Emerald-Monbulk Road, now home to many local and major business, has changed greatly over the last century. This dirt road was once home to the first Emerald butcher, established by Robert John Couper around 1900. Located on the corner of Main Street and Monbulk Road, the butcher was first run out of Couper's home, then it moved into a shop built on their property and customers were most often served by his wife Mabel. The butcher was then purchased by the Madigan Family in 1924 and run by Timothy James Madigan following his return from World War One service. Animals were slaughtered on-site, then stored in an underground cellar. Meat was then purchased in the store-front or delivered to local towns and homes by horse-drawn carriage and, eventually, delivery vans.This photograph demonstrates with incredible clarity just how greatly the local Emerald township has changed over the last century, especially on a thoroughfare as central as the one pictured.This black and white photograph features a dirt street lined with trees and buildings. On the left, a street sign points to locations such as Lilydale, Monbulk, Gembrook, Ferntree Gully, Macclesfield, and Melbourne. Two women stand behind the sign, waiting to cross the road. A butcher stands on the right side of the street and car is parked out front. Telephone poles are dotted along the road, both disappearing around a corner and into a horizon of trees. On the photograph's reverse is some handwritten text.Rear, handwritten in ink: "Emerald. / Mar. 1948."1940s, emerald, madigan family

A photograph of students from Menzies Creek State School in 1938. Includes: Mavis Hermon, Betty Martin, ?, June Hermon, Cynthia Walker, Dorothy Walker, Eunice Robertson, Lois Martin, June Worth, - Valerie Cook, Valerie Reid, ?, Myra Breen, Valerie Martin, Phyllis Hermon, Glenda Reid, - Donald Walker, Jack Breen, Cliff Reid, - Brian Madigan, Edgar Shaw, Ray Hermon, Lionel Reid, and Jeff Walker. The children are sitting and standing outdoors in a bush setting.

A photograph of students from Menzies Creek State School, 1948-50. Includes: - Carol King, Grace Alton, Jill King, Pauline Edwards, Pat Billing, Dorothy Madigan, - Betty Glossop, Pat Smith, Moina Worrell, Joy Tresize, Jenny Gibbs, Diana Richards, - Roy Taylor, Raymond Kidd, Buntie Merkell, David Robinson, Geoff Johns, Michael King, Graeme Robinson, - ?, George Frazetto, Gary Merkell, Master Merkell, Brian Alton, Sam Frazetto, and Vern Beauchamp.

From the collection of Terry KEENAN. Back row from left - Harold BROWN, Norm ?, Denis MADIGAN, Theo KURLE, Bill ANDERSON, Doc WOOD (Coach), ? , Brian RALPH, Frank BROOKS, Arthur RALPH, Frank TYRELL. Centre row from left - Brain MCBROOM, NIck ? , ? , Keith CLAYTON, Frank LOVELL, Keith BROWNIE, Peter BRIGGS, Perce WHITE, George WILLOUGHEY, - BROWNE. Front row from left - Bill GATES, Jim MAHONEY, Ralph MEDINA, Alby FRANCIS, Bill HARVEY, Terry KEENAN, Keith HARVEY, - BROWNIE. Black and white photograph of Graham United Football Club, 1948 team. Handwritten note attached to back with names of players & officials - incomplete.sport - australian rules football, graham united football club, harold brown, norm -, denis madigan, theo kurle, bill anderson, doc wood, brian ralph, frank brookes, arthur ralph, frank tyrell, brian mcbroom, keith clayton, frank lovell, keith brownie, peter briggs, perce white, george willoughey, - brownie, bill gates, jim mahoney, ralph medina, alby francis, bill harvey, terry keenan, keith harvey, nick ?

This resuscitation kit was donated by the Emerald Fire Brigade which was established on 14 March 1941 as the Emerald Bush Brigade. Originally its equipment was stored at Madigan's butcher's shop near the corner of Monbulk Road. The Brigade's first fire station was built around 1945. In 1966, this station was recorded as containing the fire truck and a Land rover pumper, three radio sets, 40 knapsacks, six lengths of hose, helmets, rake hoes and other hand tools. In 2010, the Brigade moved into a new purpose-built building in Monbulk Road. This resuscitation kit dates from the 1960s to 1970s.This resuscitation kit was used by members of a crucial volunteer fire fighting service operating in the Emerald district since 1941.A resuscitator kit made by Air-Viva, contained in a blue box and consisting of two face shield masks, a manual squeeze pump and throat opening device. Also contains Australian Red Cross instructions and CIG Air-Viva Resuscitator instructions Air Viva Resuscitator 'Made in Australia' on the outside of the box. Printed instructions from Australian Red Cross and CIG contained withinfire fighting, emerald fire brigade, cfa

This pair of fire fighters beaters were donated by the Emerald Fire Brigade which was established on 14 March 1941 as the Emerald Bush Brigade. Originally its equipment was stored at Madigan's butcher's shop near the corner of Monbulk Road. The Brigade's first fire station was built around 1945. In 1966, this station was recorded as containing the fire truck and a Land rover pumper, three radio sets, 40 knapsacks, six lengths of hose, helmets, rake hoes and other hand tools. In 2010, the Brigade moved into a new purpose-built building in Monbulk Road. These beaters date from the 1950s to 1960s.These fire fighters beaters were used by members of a crucial volunteer fire fighting service operating in the Emerald district since 1941.Two Firefighter Beaters each consisting of a long round, red wooden pole with wide heavy-duty textile straps attached to the bottom of the pole. One has wire attached at the top of the pole for hanging purposes. Nonefire fighting, emerald fire brigade, cfa

This Fire Fighting Backpack was donated by the Emerald Fire Brigade which was established on 14 March 1941 as the Emerald Bush Brigade. Originally its equipment was stored at Madigan's butcher's shop near the corner of Monbulk Road. The Brigade's first fire station was built around 1945. In 1966, this station was recorded as containing the fire truck and a Land Rover pumper, three radio sets, 40 knapsacks, six lengths of hose, helmets, rake hoes and other hand tools. In 2010, the Brigade moved into a new purpose-built building in Monbulk Road. This Fire Fighting Backpack dates from around c.1960s.This Fire Fighting Backpack Extinguisher was used for mopping-up and combating small fires by members of a crucial volunteer fire fighting service operating in the Emerald district since 1941.This galvanised metal Rega Fire Fighting Backpack Sprayer was used by Emerald CFA (formerly RFB) from 1960's. The main body of the spray tank is orange and has woven canvas shoulder straps with buckles for carrying on your back. On top of the oval tank is a lid with a chain which has "REGA SPRAYER" embossed onto it. It has a metal handle over the top of the lid, which is hinged and has two clips for docking the wooden handle of the sprayer hose when not in use. The wooden sprayer handle with a brass pump assembly is attached to the tank with a piece of hosing allowing for pressurized spraying. The backpack tank has the brand name "REGA" and "CFA" embossed on the front of the tank's well worn patina from many years of use. "Emerald RFB" on the side of the tank. "OK 1/97" on the top near the lidfire fighting, emerald fire brigade, cfa, rega firefighting brand

This fire fighter's scythe was donated by the Emerald Fire Brigade which was established on 14 March 1941 as the Emerald Bush Brigade. Originally its equipment was stored at Madigan's butcher's shop near the corner of Monbulk Road. The Brigade's first fire station was built around 1945. In 1966, this station was recorded as containing the fire truck and a Land rover pumper, three radio sets, 40 knapsacks, six lengths of hose, helmets, rake hoes and other hand tools. In 2010, the Brigade moved into a new purpose-built building in Monbulk Road. This scythe, also known as a fern hook, dates from the 1950s to 1960s.This fire fighter's scythe was used by members of a crucial volunteer fire fighting service operating in the Emerald district since 1941.One Firefighter scythe (Fern Hook) consisting of a long wooden pole with curved blade attached at the end. The blade has a canvas protective sleeve.Nonefire fighting, emerald fire brigade, cfa

This pair of CFA fire fighter's overalls were donated by the Emerald Fire Brigade which was established on 14 March 1941 as the Emerald Bush Brigade. Originally its equipment was stored at Madigan's butcher's shop near the corner of Monbulk Road. The Brigade's first fire station was built around 1945. In 1966, this station was recorded as containing the fire truck and a Land rover pumper, three radio sets, 40 knapsacks, six lengths of hose, helmets, rake hoes and other hand tools. In 2010, the Brigade moved into a new purpose-built building in Monbulk Road. These beaters date from the 1960s to 1970s.These CFA fire fighter's overalls were used by members of a crucial volunteer fire fighting service operating in the Emerald district since 1941.A Pair of CFA Firefighter overalls, yellow in colour, Size 97R CFA, Stewart and Heaton Clothing manufacturer. Size 97 Regularfire fighting, emerald fire brigade, cfa

During the 1960s in Australia, helmets evolved from metal construction to that of polymer and other plastics. This helmet was donated by the Emerald Fire Brigade which was established on 14 March 1941 as the Emerald Bush Brigade. Originally its equipment was stored at Madigan's butcher's shop near the corner of Monbulk Road. The Brigade's first fire station was built around 1945. In 1966, this station was recorded as containing the fire truck and a Land rover pumper, three radio sets, 40 knapsacks, six lengths of hose, helmets, rake hoes and other hand tools. In 2010, the Brigade moved into a new purpose-built building in Monbulk Road. The manufacturer of this helmet, MSA, was founded in 1914 in the USA. MSA began as a mine safety company but since expanded into more general worker protection and safety products. This helmet is an historical artifact worn by members of a crucial volunteer fire fighting service operating in the Emerald district since 1941.Yellow, lightweight, hard plastic or polymer helmet with black leather detachable chin strap with Velcro fastening. inside the helmet is an adjustable head harnessInside helmet on a partly torn label: 'MSA / VGARD / Type 2 ...? / STANDARDS AUSTRALIA' Inside the brim black pen writing EMERALD SPARE 5 EMERALD at one end engraved: 'MSA'' and at the other end: '1801-1881 On the outside of the helmet there is a yellow reflector on each side and at the front and the back there is evidence of labels that have been removed.helmets, fire fighting, msa, emerald fire brigade, cfa

Eric William John Durance ,Son of William and Margaret Durance of Macclesfield. Rank.Private. Service no. 812. Unit 22 nd Battalion Service Army Conflict 1914-1918 Date of Death 4th October 1915. Cause of Death Died of Wounds. CEMETERY OR MEMORIAL DETAILS. 6 Lone Pine Memorial Gallipoli. Place of enlistment Gembrook West Victoria. Native Place. Macclesfield Victoria War Grave Register notes. DURANCE, PTE. Eric William John, 812.22nd Bn. Died of wounds 4th. Oct. 1915. Son of William John Durance and Margaret Madigan (his ). Native of Macclesfield, Victoria, Australia. 65 Source. AWM145 Roll of Honour cards.1914-1918 War Army. LOCATION on the Roll of Honour. Eric Williams John Durance's name is located at panel 96 in the Commemorative Area at the Australian War Memorial (as indicated by the poppy on the plan).1914-1918 War Age at time of death 21Photo of Eric William Durance in his uniform from the 1914-1918 war.1st world war.

Several other Rose Stereograph Company postcards of Emerald - including P319 - are listed under VEMUP1031 and were dated Jan 5th 1923, which may have been either a date of purchase or the date the photographs were all taken. If the latter, it is likely this photograph was taken on the same day while the Rose photographer was in town; however, the former is also entirely possible. Regardless, it is likely this photograph is from the 1920s, if not exactly from Jan 5th 1923. The numbers assigned to the photographs are unhelpful for dating them as the Rose company tended to reuse numbers multiple times, and after a while were no longer photographing in numerical order. However, the sepia colour and medium rose is a good indication this is from around the 1920s. It is taken from Emerald Main Street/Belgrave-Gembrook Road, looking towards Pinnocks Road - it is unclear from exactly where on the road it was taken, but it could be looking down over what is now Madigan Way.This photograph records the landscape around Emerald at the start of the 20th century.This item is a sepia postcard. The reverse features a (medium) rose dividing the centre, with printed proprietary text and a small block of handwritten annotation in blue pen. A sale price is marked in pencil, as is an accession number. The obverse has a caption below the image; the image is taken from the top of a hill, looking over a road to rolling hills fading into the background. The first hill on the left has a nursery, growing a range of trees; the other hills are mostly fields with scattered trees.Obverse: Lower left: "THE ROSE SERIES, P. 317" Lower centre: "THE VIEW FROM THE TOWNSHIP OF EMERALD, VICTORIA" Reverse: Handwritten annotation, pen: "Looking from Main Rd. / towards Pinnocks Rd. / Nursery in 1920's" Handwritten, pencil, stamp square: "$6" Left: "PUBLISHED BY THE ROSE STEREOGRAPHS / Armadale, Victoria" Upper Centre: "REAL PHOTO POST CARD / THE "ROSE" SERIES DE LUXE PRODUCED IN AUSTRALIA"1920s, emerald, rose series

The buildings are probably rare remnant examples of their type in the local area and as such are significant to the settlement of Menzies Creek. The dwelling is significant as a longstanding marker of the Madigan family who were original settlers in the area. Its retention in its site close to the road boundary expresses and maintains a connection with early settlement and rural lifestyles in Menzies Creek over the last century. The old shed is of interest as a local example of bush construction, particularly in context with the cottage and farm environs. Without the life of the farm and other elements presumed now gone, its value is lessened.Folder containing information pertaining to the history of Madigan Cottage, Menzies Creek. NB: the shed was demolished in November 2001 and the cottage burned down sometime later. Contents:- Letter, Southern Sherbrooke Historical Society to Shire of Yarra Ranges, dated 9th March 2001, re. sale of property and need for it to be included in shire's Heritage Study. -Letter, shire to society, dated 20th March 2001, reply to above. -Letter, shire to society, dated 15th May 2001, follow-up to above, requesting more information. -Letter, society to shire, dated 30th May 2001, responding to above and including a copy of information previously sent to Chris Johnston, Heritage Study consultant. -Letter, society to shire, undated, noting intention to lodge an objection to proposed application for development on site. -Letter, shire to society, dated 22nd October 2001, advising of consultation meeting. -Yarra Ranges Shire Heritage Study Place Nomination form for Madigan Cottage, prepared by Marian Matta, includes nine colour photos and diagram showing where photos were taken from. -Black and white copies of photos. -A3 copy of real estate advertisement, "Mount Evergreen Estate" dated 21st April 1924. -A3 map showing proposed resubdivision boundary variation, drawn up for Mr. P. Melville, undated but 1990s. -Copy of application for a planning permit, dated 6th August 2001, including letter by Nick Jonkers describing proposed new buildings, site map showing current vegetation, letter re. proposed removal of vegetation, subdivision plan dated March 1998, and larger scale map printed from shire website on 10th August 2001. -5 A3 sheets showing site and house plans drawn up for Mr & Mrs N. Jonkers, dated July 2001.madigan cottage, menzies creek, madigan family, mount evergreen, patrick madigan

Photo of Sir Edward 'Weary' Dunlop meeting widows he was a guest speaker for the Heidelberg Widows Club when they were celebrating their 10th Anniversary in May. This photo featured in the July edition of The Answer with the unfortunate footnote that Sir Edward had passed away on the 2nd July. "Our picture shows the gentlemanly Sir Edward charming the ladies. All were sad to learn of Sir Edward's death on 2nd July 1993." Another article in the September edition of The Answer was a touching tribute to Sir Edward by a legacy widow Dorothy Madigan: Sir Edward was so strong and tall, in body and in mind Yet gentle, too, he saw sick through their dying days in Thailand. This was the doctor's greatest challenge when all seemed hopeless and lost To improvise a theatre, and operate; for himself, at such a cost. Threatened with execution his face slapped many a time In spite of leg covered with ulcers he carried on, he carried on. And many an ex POW, will shed a tear today. For the love and care bestowed on him By Australia's most loveable son.A record of the relationship between Weary Dunlop and Legacy.Colour photo of Weary Dunlop meeting widows.Written on the back "C Pg 10" in blue pen.dunlop, widows, answer

A blue magazine titled ' The Educational Magazine.' Volume 12 No. 9, 1955. Published by The Education Department of Victoria. This magazine covers a wide variety of educational articles for teachers for general reading. The contents are listed as - The United Nations: tenth birthday; The Disappearance of zoological species by Jean-Paul Harroy; The Brontes and the Yorkshire Moors by Frank Madigan; An Australian looks at America's Schools by Donald McLean; Schools help in battle against poliomyelitis by Hollis A. Moore; Gunpowder, Treason and Plot by D.J.S.; End of a Decade. Ten years at a Provincial Teachers' College by Jessie C. Burnett; Four o'clock and After by various contributors; Mother and Child by anonymous; Clock Watching for a Purpose by K. Norman; Essayist at Work by E.T. Brown, Concerning the Time-Book by E. Elliott; Subtraction in Arithmetic by Carl Petterson; Here's What a Good Teacher Does by Albert J. Phillips; A disabled Children's Young Farmers' Club Project by D. R. Newman and Train up a Child by Alice Downward. 432 pgs. photographsbendigo, education, magazine, la trobe university bendigo collection, collection, bendigo, education, tertiary education, teachers, teaching, reading, magazine, magazine, united nations, literature, brontes, schools, poliomyelitis, disease, diseases, guy fawkes, history, bendigo teachers' college, parenting, female, mother, mothering, women, children, clocks, mathematics, subtraction, disability, young farmers' club, farming, pre-school education, kindergartens, frank madigan, donald mclean, hollis a. moore, d.j.s., jessie c. burnett, k. norman, e.t. brown, e. elliott, carl petterson, albert j. phillips, d. r. newman, alice downward