Showing 1176 items
matching world heritage,
-
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Document - CD-ROM, "Great War Index. Victoria 1914-20", 1997
"Great War Index. Victoria 1914-20" Plastic CD case with pink edged insert and photo of two men - one in uniform. Stamp on front of PMHPS. Contains one disc.Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Victoria. Vic Heritagestatistics, war - world war i, births, deaths, marriages, world war i -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Tool - Horse-drawn mower
The horse-drawn sickle-bar mower was developed in America in the 1850’s. The grass, or other plant matter, was cut between the sharp edges of the sickle sections and the finger-plates. The knives could be held vertically for going to or from the field. This bar could also be raised or lowered to cut at different heights. The mowers were made until the end of World War II before they were replaced by tractors.Black mower, offset draw bar, metal wheelsfarm machinery, hay, chaff, mower, horse drawn, churchill island, farming -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Comet Windmill, 1930s
Comet Windmills was founded in Rockhampton, Queensland in 1879 by Sidney Williams. The Comet became known as "Australia's Leading Mill". The company survived two world wars and three generations of the family and was sold in 1992 and terminated in 1998. The windmill is a vital farming tool as it assists with agriculture, irrigation, and water supply. This windmill drew water from the 'Windmill Dam' for decades before Churchill Island's acquisition by Victorian Conservation Trust in 1976. In 1981, VCT invited BP Westernport Refinery Manager, John Shawley, to inspect the windmill with view of restoration. This was then done through the next year, as BP Social Club Members (including engineers, managers, and accountants) restored the pump, wheel, tower and piping. The wheel itself was lowered to the ground through a jury mast. The pressure from the windmill is weak, and was found to be brackish and excessively salty.This windmill is anecdotally the oldest working mill of its model in Gippsland. Its connection to Churchill Island is vital as it has been a fixture for the last 80 years. Windmill on metal stand "COMET" painted on silver vane. Restored in 1980s.farm, machinery, windmill, water, pumping, dams, dam, churchill island, comet -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Furphy Water Cart, 1929
The family-owned Furphy company has been manufacturing agricultural equipment in Kyneton and then Shepparton in Victoria from the 1860s to the present day. In the late 1800s the company developed the Furphy Water Cart to help farmers transport water to and from and around their properties - especially in time of drought. At the beginning of World War One, the carts were used to distribute water amongst the thousands of soldiers completing their basic training at Broadmeadows. They were also used for the same purpose in the camps and battlefields overseas. As the soldiers gathered around the water carts they would often chat, share information and gossip amongst themselves. These practices resulted in the term Furphy evolving in to the Australian vernacular as meaning a statement or fact that isn’t quite true or a little bit dubious.Furphy water cart, unpainted with traces of red on embossed endOn side of tank in black paint "CHURCHILL ISLAND" Embossed on end: Furphy water cart; makers Furphy & Sons, Shepparton and other inscriptions.farm machinery, water, furphy cart, horse drawn, furphy, churchill island, shepparton, kyneton -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Handwritten notes on paper, c. May 1940
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. Churchill Island was run as a dairy farm in the 1940's.These notes demonstrate Harry Jenkins interest in the farm and his thorough approach to farming. It also provides historical information on farming in the era.Handwritten notes in pencil on paper, regarding top dressing; includes map with amounts and dates.churchill island, farm, top dressing, harry jenkins, jenkins -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Handwritten notes on paper, 14 September, 1944 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artefacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973.The note demonstrates Harry Jenkins' interest in the farm and thorough approach to farming. It also provides information on farming of the era.Handwritten notes in pencil on paper, with names of six cows and milk quantities, morning and evening, and butterfat. Dated 14th September 1944. Assumed author Harry Jenkins.harry jenkins, churchill island, farm, cows, milk, quantities, dairy, jenkins -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Paper Licence Document, Motor Spirit Consumer's Licence, 11/3/49 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973.The document demonstrates Harry Jenkins involvement in the farm and provides information on farm life in the era.Paper Motor Spirit Consumer's Licence for Primary Producer Truck issued by Commonwealth of Australia Liquid Fuel Control Board (Vic) to Edward H. Jenkins (Jnr) Churchill Island, Newhaven, for vehicle make D.K.W., Utility, Registration No. 8676. Date of Issue 11/3/49[signed] Edward H. Jenkins [bottom left hand, front] [stamped] LFCB CANCELLED VICTORIA; SAN REMO VIC 26 MR49; SAN REMO VIC 28MR49; SAN REMO VIC -2MY49; SAN REMO VIC -6JE49; SAN REMO VIC 14NO49; SAN REMO VIC 14NO49; SAN REMO VIC 14NO49; SAN REMO VIC -6FE50 [REAR] motor spirit consumer's licence, harry jenkins, jenkins, churchill island, primary, producer, truck, license -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Motor Spirit Consumer's Special LIcence, 15/11/1949 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973.The document demonstrates his interest in the farm and provides information on farming in the era.Paper Motor Spirit Consumer's Special LIcence issued by Commonwealth of Australia Liquid Fuel Control Board (Vic) to Edward H. Jenkins, Churchill Island via Newhaven, for International Tractor B. & P. Lighting Plant, Special Licence No. SP/33298, period 15/11/49 to 31/5/50[stamped] RELIEF NO4; SAN REMO VIC 6FE50; LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA; LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA; LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA; LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA: LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA; LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA; LFOB CANCELLED VICTORIA; Ration Tickets may be drawn only at San Remo 9Post Office) [initialed] Authorising Officer 6-12-49 (Date) [front]motor spirit consumer's special licence, harry jenkins, jenkins, churchill island, cars, license, car -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Solicitor's letter, 11 May 1939 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973.The letter provides information regarding the purchase of Churchill Island.Typed solicitor's letter from Henderson & Ball Solicitors & Co, to Mr. E.H. Jenkins, 33 Collins St, Melbourne, regarding purchase from G.R. Buckley and Other, and enclosing sketch plan (catalogue item no. 0108.2), dated 11th May 1939, titled "You from G.R. Buckley and Others"[signed] Henderson & Ball "at 4 1/2 %" [inserted last line, fourth paragraph], "(Purchase Price 2000 pounds)" [end fourth paragraph], "HenB" [bottom first page], "Henderson Ball" [second page}harry jenkins, churchill island, purchase, solicitor, letter, jenkins -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Map - Hand drawn map of Churchill Island, May 1939 (approx.)
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. This document is an example of a hand drawn map of the era, measured in links.Hand drawn map in pencil on paper of situation and measurements of land contained in Vendor's Title. Attached to solicitor's letter catalogue item No. 0108.1[signed] Hen B [bottom right hand corner]churchill island, purchase, harry jenkins, jenkins, margaret campbell, sister campbell, real estate, solicitor -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Journal - Bridge Notebook, 1959 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. This item demonstrates Harry Jenkins thorough and detailed approach to the maintenance of Churchill Island Farm and construction in the era.Small lined notebook, with navy blue plastic removable cover with press stud fasteners. Contains notes regarding 1959 bridge construction written by Harry Jenkins. bridge, 1959, harry jenkins, churchill island, farm, roadwork, jenkins -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Carbon Copy of Memo with Bordesan title page, BORDESAN, 1938 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. The document demonstrates farming and fungicide methods of the era.Paper document report, carbon copy, foolscap, on 'Bordesan', a colloidal suspension of a highly fungicial copper preparation, written by J.D. Riedal-E. de Haen A.G., Chemical Works, Berlin-Britz, Germany, and a memo from S.W. Peterson & Co. Ltd, Sydney Office to Mr. Sutcliffe, Melbourne. 15 pagesBordesan, J.D. Riedel-E. de Haen A.G., Churchill Island, S.W. Peterson & Co Ltdbordesan, j.d. riedel-e. de haen a.g., churchill island, s.w. peterson & co ltd, chemical -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Receipt from Warley Bush Hospital, 1962 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. Demonstrates involvement with local communityDonation receipt from Warley Bush Nursing Hospital Cowes, Phillip Island, No. 3522, received from Churchill Island Family in sum of 50 pounds for a bed, dated 21.5.196221.5.196, Churchill Island Family, fifthy [pounds], Donation - Bed, 50, [signed] M.J. Beatonwarley bush nursing hospital, cowes, phillip island, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Final Statement re Estate of late Mrs Anna Hannah Gahan, April 1936 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. This item demonstrates values and costs of era.Paper document, Final Statement re Estate of late Mrs. Anna Hannah Gahan, relative of the wife of Harry Jenkins, Alice (nee Gahan), itemizing receipts and disbursements, dated 24/4/1936. Original typed.mrs. anna hannah gahan, alice gahan, alice jenkins, harry jenkins, churchill island, gahan, jenkins, statement -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Carbon Copy of Estate of Mrs Anna Hannah Gahan, c. 24/04/1936
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. This carbon copy of the estate of Mrs Anna Hannah Gahan shows the price and value of Churchill Island at the time of her death.Carbon copy of the Final Statement of the Estate of Mrs Anna Hannah Gahan, relative of the wife of Harry Jenkins, Alice. Document is typed in two columns with an itemised list of the complete estatemrs. anna hannah gahan, alice gahan, alice jenkins, harry jenkins, churchill island, jenkins, farm, gahan, statement, deceased estate, 1973, auction, arthur evans -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Newspaper - The Australian Farm & Home, VOL. LI No. 4, April, 1942 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. Demonstrates Harry Jenkins interest and involvement in farming and cattle.Paper periodical publication 'The Australian Farm & Home', Journal of The Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria, VOL. LI-No.4, April 30, 1942, containing an article 'The Churchill Stud' by Capt. E.W. Dixon'Mrs. Jenkins' [front page, left hand side], 'Printed Matter Only. Mr. Ted Jenkins, Churchill Island via Newhaven', [back cover, left hand side]the australian farm & home, journal of the royal agricultural society of victoria, the churchill stud, dairy shorthorn, capt. e.w. dixon, harry jenkins, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - letter, 2 pages headed 'You from G.R. Buckley and Others', May 1939 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. Typed solicitor's letter on letterhead of Henderson & Ball, addressed to Mr. E.H. Jenkins regarding purchase of land from G.R. Buckley and Others. Letter dated 11 May, 1939"at 4 1/2 %" [inserted last line, fourth paragraph], "(Purchase Price 2000 pounds)" [end fourth paragraph], "HenB" [bottom first page], "Henderson Ball" [second page}henderson & ball, mr e.h. jenkins, g.r. buckley, harry jenkins, churchill island, 1939 -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Letter - Letter from Department of Agriculture to H. Jenkins, 1941 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. The document demonstrates Harry Jenkins interest and committment to farming and provides information on farming of the era.Typed letter on Department of Agriculture, Victoria letterhead, addressed to Mr. E.H. Jenkins, regarding improvement of pasture land at Churchill Island, signed 'R.L. Twentyman,' Agrostologist, dated 9th April, 1941R.L. Twentyman [bottom right hand corner]department of agriculture, mr. e.h. jenkins, harry jenkins, churchill island, farm -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Report on visit to property owned by Mr H Jenkins, April 1942 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973The report demonstrates Harry Jenkins interest and committment to farming and provides information on farming in the era.Report on visit to property owned by Mr. H. Jenkins, Churchill Island, regarding stock, pastures, crops, and recommendations, written by A.C.T. Hewitt on his visit to Churchill Island on 17.4.1942. Report enclosed with letter dated 1st May 1942 [Item Registration No. 0230]"under present conditions' [end 7th paragraph, 2nd page]churchill island, farm, harry jenkins, farm management -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Letter - Typed letter from the Live Stock Science Officer, May 1942 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973This letter demonstrates Harry Jenkins committment to farming at Churchill Island.Typed paper letter on Department of Agriculture letterhead, to Mr. H. Jenkins, dated 1st May, 1942, enclosing report with recommendations on visit to Churchill Island. Signed A.C.T. Heweitt, Live Stock Science OfficerA.C.T. Hewitt [bottom right hand corner]department of agriculture, live stock division, a.c.t. hewitt, mr h. jenkins, harry jenkins, churchill island -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Handwritten notes on paper, 1940s approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973This document provides information regarding Churchill Island ownership.Pencil notes regarding Churchill Island ownership from 1879 to 1937. Author unknownTULLIS BOND MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN [watermark - bottom of page, rear]churchill island ownership, chruchill island, amess, jenkins, farm, notes, handwritten -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Handwritten notes on paper, 1959 approx
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. The document demonstrates Harry Jenkins interest and committment to farming on Churchill Island and provides information on farming of the era.Handwritten notes in pencil on paper regarding fertiliser amounts in 100 weight bags per paddock, 11 paddocks. Dated 1959, presumed author Harry Jenkinsfertilizer, paddock, farm, churchill island, harry jenkins -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Handwritten notes on paper
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artefacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. The document demonstrates Harry Jenkins interest and committment to farming on Churchill Island and provides information on farming of the era.Herd notes. Handwritten notes in pencil on paper (lined) with script running perpendicular to the lines, with names and ages of herd.churchill island, herd, farm, harry jenkins, jenkins -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Document - Handwritten notes on paper
Dr Harry Jenkins owned Churchill Island from 1936 to 1963 and bequeathed it to Margaret Campbell on his death. Sister Campbell had been nurse to his disabled son and wife and she lived on the island from the time of World War Two. The item was given to Arthur Evans, a family friend, on the day of the auction sale of artifacts when she sold the island, approximately 1973. This document demonstrates Harry Jenkins interest and commitment to farming at Churchill Island and provides information on farming of the era.Handwritten notes in pencil on paper, regarding fertilising farm. Assumed to be written by Harry Jenkinsfarming, fertilizer, churchill island, harry jenkins, jenkins, farm, handwritten, notes -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Fishing Reel, 1940s?
E H "Ted" Jenkins was the paraplegic son of Harry Jenkins who bought Churchill Island in 1936 as an interest for Ted. Ted lived on Churchill Island at various times with his nurse Sr Margaret "Jimmy" Campbell, e.g. second world war when they ran a shorthorn dairy farm, and at other times lived in their home in Melbourne. He moved freely around the island in a cart pulled by a Shetland pony and had strong arms for shooting and fishing. The reel suggests he went shark fishing or deer water fishing. Ted was also keen on 'ham' radio, and had many friends from his school who became life-long friends and frequent visitors to him on Churchill Island.Wood and brass (shark?) fishing reel. Probably hand-made. Wound with original cord fishing line. Has separate brass winder handle (see 0296.2)"E H Jenkins 1943" etched on one side. "Click on" etched on one side.ted jenkins, fishing, reel, churchill island, western port, jenkins, margaret campbell, sister campbell, jimmy, campbell -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - fishing reel handle
E H "Ted" Jenkins was the paraplegic son of Harry Jenkins who bought Churchill Island in 1936 as an interest for Ted. Ted lived on Churchill Island at various times with his nurse Sr Margaret "Jimmy" Campbell, e.g. second world war when they ran a shorthorn dairy farm, and at other times lived in their home in Melbourne. He moved freely around the island in a cart pulled by a Shetland pony and had strong arms for shooting and fishing. The reel suggests he went shark fishing or deer water fishing. Ted was also keen on 'ham' radio, and had many friends from his school who became life-long friends and frequent visitors to him on Churchill Island.brass handle with turned wooden handles either end, brass flat and slightly tapered each end, hole in centre for attaching to reel.ted jenkins, fishing, reel, churchill island, western port, handle, jenkins, campbell, margaret, jimmy -
Churchill Island Heritage Farm
Functional object - Spice Box, c. 1820
Spices were used in abundance in Georgian cooking. This was mostly due to the British expansionist policy and their increased colonisation through the world. Spices became more readily available, and the most popular were nutmeg, cardamon, cloves, and peppers. These were often combined and used on meats and poultry to conceal the unusual flavours that was a result of the absence of a refrigerator. The grater that accompanies the spice box was a popular utensil in colonial kitchens and was used for nutmeg as it was recommended to be freshly grated. This spice box is a part of the Churchill Island Heritage collection because it was an important element in a typical Georgian kitchen (1714 - 1830) and later. It represents the type of item that was used within Amess House.Georgian-era spice tin. Black, hinged domed lid, with six compartments and a separate nutmeg grater. churchill island, kitchen, utensils, spice box -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, North American Heritage Press, Skis against the atom, 1989
The exciting first-hand account of heroism and daring sabotage during the Nazi occupation of NorwayIll, maps, p.242.non-fictionThe exciting first-hand account of heroism and daring sabotage during the Nazi occupation of Norwayworld war 1939-1945 - underground movements - norway, norwegian heavy water sabotage -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Commonwealth Department of Veterans, Memories & memorabilia : recognising and preserving Australia's war heritage, 2014
A guide to Australia's war heritage. To provide opportunities for future generations to understand, investigate and value these experiences, we must ensure that the significant material relating to Australia's war heritage is preserved.Ill, p.88.non-fictionA guide to Australia's war heritage. To provide opportunities for future generations to understand, investigate and value these experiences, we must ensure that the significant material relating to Australia's war heritage is preserved.war memorials - australia - conservation and preservation, world war 1939 – 1945 – personal narratives – australia -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Melbourne University Publishing, The broken years, 2010
Before the First World War most Australians shared the emotions and traditions of the British Empire. Proud of their British heritage, anxious to raise the Imperial status of Australia, they were eager to fight and, if need be, to die in defence of their race and country. But the horror and tragedy of the conflict brought fundamental changes in outlook. Many of the pre-war enthusiasms persisted, but the days of unquestioning allegiance to Empire were beginning to come to an end, to be replaced by the bittersweet tradition of Anzac. Dr Gammage shows how and why these changes took place. Using the diaries and letters of one thousand front-line soldiers of the First Australian Imperial Force, most of them now part of a unique collection housed in the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, he reconstructs the motives and expectations with which these men volunteered and the experiences they encountered. He highlights and examines the new attitudes to war and to the homeland that developed and foreshadows the important effects in Australia of the changed outlook brought home by the survivors. Those who have returned from war will recognise immediately the raw realities faced by the 'diggers', the growing disillusionment, and the hopes for the future. Those with fathers, husbands, or brothers who served, and all those concerned with what happens to men at war, cannot fail to be moved by the simple dignity of the men{u2019}s accounts, or by the understated courage with which they wrote to their families of the miseries they endured. This book, written with sensitivity and scholarly care, must be read if we are to understand war and its impact on the ethos of a nation.Index, bib, ill, notes, p.288.non-fictionBefore the First World War most Australians shared the emotions and traditions of the British Empire. Proud of their British heritage, anxious to raise the Imperial status of Australia, they were eager to fight and, if need be, to die in defence of their race and country. But the horror and tragedy of the conflict brought fundamental changes in outlook. Many of the pre-war enthusiasms persisted, but the days of unquestioning allegiance to Empire were beginning to come to an end, to be replaced by the bittersweet tradition of Anzac. Dr Gammage shows how and why these changes took place. Using the diaries and letters of one thousand front-line soldiers of the First Australian Imperial Force, most of them now part of a unique collection housed in the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, he reconstructs the motives and expectations with which these men volunteered and the experiences they encountered. He highlights and examines the new attitudes to war and to the homeland that developed and foreshadows the important effects in Australia of the changed outlook brought home by the survivors. Those who have returned from war will recognise immediately the raw realities faced by the 'diggers', the growing disillusionment, and the hopes for the future. Those with fathers, husbands, or brothers who served, and all those concerned with what happens to men at war, cannot fail to be moved by the simple dignity of the men{u2019}s accounts, or by the understated courage with which they wrote to their families of the miseries they endured. This book, written with sensitivity and scholarly care, must be read if we are to understand war and its impact on the ethos of a nation. world war 1914-1918 - personal correspondence, world war 1914-1918 - social conditions